Method for selecting communication protocol for data transmission

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for selecting a communication protocol (KM) for a data transmission (D), in particular between a vehicle (100) and an external IT infrastructure (200), comprising: - checking the data transmission (D) with respect to a transmission model (M), - associating at least one corresponding communication protocol (KM), in particular a corresponding communication protocol combination, preferably comprising a corresponding application protocol (KIMA) and / or a corresponding data transmission protocol (KMT), for the data transmission (D) according to the transmission model (M) identified during the checking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for selecting a communication protocol for data transmission, in particular between a vehicle and an external IT infrastructure, so that the data transmission is preferably performed using an optimized communication protocol. The invention also relates to a corresponding control unit. The invention also relates to a corresponding vehicle. The invention also relates to a corresponding computer program product. Background Art

[0002] In the field of communication protocols, there is no one or only solution that is optimal for all application environments. Instead, different communication protocols are only applicable in specific contexts of the data to be transmitted and / or the data change processes that occur in the application. Rigidly defined communication protocols are therefore not optimally suitable for all contexts. In addition, different applications have different data and different data change processes, so that rigidly defined communication protocols often lose performance for many contexts. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention therefore aims to provide a method for selecting a communication protocol for data transmission, in particular between a vehicle and an external IT infrastructure, in order to preferably perform the data transmission using an optimized communication protocol, in order to preferably automatically determine the optimal protocol combination in the context for the data to be transmitted and use it accordingly. Furthermore, the present invention aims to provide an improved control unit. Furthermore, the present invention aims to provide an improved vehicle. Furthermore, the present invention aims to provide a corresponding computer program product.

[0004] The object according to the invention is achieved by a method according to the invention for selecting a communication protocol for data transmission, in particular between a vehicle and an external IT infrastructure, so that the data transmission is preferably carried out using an optimized communication protocol. Furthermore, the object according to the invention is achieved by a corresponding control unit according to the invention. Furthermore, the object according to the invention is achieved by a corresponding vehicle according to the invention. Furthermore, the object according to the invention is achieved by a corresponding computer program product according to the invention. Features described in conjunction with the various aspects of the invention are of course also applicable to features described in conjunction with other methods, and vice versa, so that reference is always made to one another or can be made to one another with regard to the disclosure of the various aspects of the invention.

[0005] The invention provides a method for selecting a communication protocol for data transmission, in particular between a vehicle and an external IT infrastructure or between a mobile appliance in general, which may be part of a distributed system and / or an embedded system (so-called "embedded system"), and an external IT infrastructure, so that the data transmission is preferably carried out using an optimized communication protocol. The method has the following steps:

[0006] -About the transmission model checking, in particular analyzing or being able to analyze, the data transmission, wherein in particular the transmission model is characterized by the burstiness of the data transmission,

[0007] - According to the transmission model identified during the check, at least one corresponding communication protocol, in particular a corresponding communication protocol combination, preferably a corresponding communication protocol pair, is associated for the data transmission, which preferably includes a corresponding application protocol (so-called application layer protocol) and / or a corresponding data transmission protocol (so-called transport layer protocol).

[0008] A vehicle within the scope of the present invention may be, for example, an electric vehicle, preferably a highly automated or autonomous electric vehicle.

[0009] An IT infrastructure within the scope of the invention can be realized, for example, via a cloud, which can preferably have an efficient computing unit and a preferably trained KI, which is particularly trained to analyze data transmissions and to recognize transmission patterns based on the data to be transmitted and / or the data change processes that occur. Instead of or in addition to the cloud, edge nodes or distributed edge node systems can also be used.

[0010] Data transmission within the scope of the present invention may mean, for example, a time-dependent data flow. Data transmission within the scope of the present invention may have different data to be transmitted and / or different occurring data processes.

[0011] The communication protocol or network protocol (or simply protocol) within the scope of the present invention may, for example, have a communication protocol combination, which preferably includes an application protocol or a vehicle X protocol, in particular a vehicle server protocol (such as MQTT or ZMQ) and / or a data transmission protocol or an encryption protocol (such as TLS or QUIC). In other words, the communication protocol within the scope of the present invention may include so-called application layer protocols and so-called transport layer protocols.

[0012] The idea of ​​the invention is to automatically determine the optimal protocol combination for the data to be transmitted in the corresponding situation or application. On the one hand, the invention recognizes that protocols are only developed for certain data rate processes. In addition, the invention recognizes that different data rate processes can have different transmission models, for example from continuous data transmission (so-called streaming) to bursty data transmission (so-called bursts). According to the invention, the corresponding protocol is selected for different data rate processes. This can be done in advance and / or dynamically during the continuous driving operation of the vehicle.

[0013] Data transmission within the scope of the present invention can be analyzed at least with respect to the burstiness (as a transmission model), that is, how often data packets are sent after a pause compared to a uniform data rate. The burstiness of data transmission can be influenced by various parameters, in particular the amount of data to be transmitted, the intermediate arrival times between the data to be transmitted and their regularity.

[0014] The burstiness of the data can advantageously be taken into account in the selection of the protocol. Different protocols at the application level or at the transport level exhibit different performances with respect to different data transmission parameters, wherein in particular the combination of a plurality of data transmission parameters is referred to as burstiness.

[0015] Protocols at the application layer and the transport layer can be evaluated in terms of different performance parameters. Examples for this are by volume or channel data rate, delay or use of computing resources. Depending on the burstiness of the data, the effectiveness of the protocol is differentiated in terms of performance parameters. In the case of high burstiness, it can be advantageous to connect to the explicit construction and separation of each transmission, while in the case of low burstiness, the connection will be permanently maintained. This characteristic therefore has a direct impact on the selection of protocols with different effectiveness, for example when the connection is constructed. Advantageously, the mapping of different burstiness levels to different protocols can be performed in advance.

[0016] In order to determine the burstiness of the data, the data to be transmitted can be evaluated with the aid of a data transmission analyzer. With the aid of the data transmission analyzer, an optimal selection of the protocol in the application layer and the transport layer can thus be carried out.

[0017] The data transmission can be classified “online” by the data transmission analyzer. In addition, the “offline” classification of the expected data transmission can be carried out in advance with the aid of the data transmission analyzer in order to set a protocol preselection for the data transmission.

[0018] The data transmission analyzer can evaluate the total amount of data over a certain period of time and then evaluate the data with respect to the burstiness of the data. The burstiness of the data thus also reflects the communication characteristics between the sender and the receiver.

[0019] Advantageously, a dynamic adaptation of the protocol to the burstiness of the data can be achieved. If the burstiness of the data changes, a more suitable protocol combination can be derived. Some services may have predictable communication characteristics, so that a certain amount of data is transmitted at regular intervals. An "offline" evaluation of a service with a known total amount of data in terms of its burstiness allows the protocol selection to be made in advance. Thus, the data transmission can start with the protocol combination that can be expected to have the highest performance. If the transmission characteristics deviate from expectations, the protocol selection can be dynamically adapted.

[0020] The present invention provides several advantages:

[0021] - Consider the burstiness of data transmission when selecting a protocol,

[0022] - preferably selecting a suitable and / or optimized combination of protocols at the application layer and the transport layer,

[0023] - Identify the impact of burstiness on the performance of the protocol,

[0024] - Data transmission analyzer for "online" evaluation of burstiness,

[0025] - Dynamically switch protocols when sudden changes occur,

[0026] -Evaluate services in terms of the burstiness of the total amount of data served for “offline” classification.

[0027] By means of the invention, data transmission in the communication between the vehicle and the external IT infrastructure can be carried out in an improved manner with increased effectiveness and / or efficiency. As a result, services provided in the vehicle for communication with the external IT infrastructure can be optimally provided. As a result, customer comfort can be significantly increased.

[0028] Furthermore, it can be provided that the method is carried out in a moving vehicle. In this way, a dynamic adaptation of the protocol can be achieved in the case of variable data transmission during the continuous operation of the vehicle. This can be advantageous when providing services during driving in order to achieve improved utilization of the vehicle.

[0029] Furthermore, it can be provided that the method is carried out in an online mode of the communication unit of the vehicle, in particular when the communication unit of the vehicle is activated. In this way, online services in the vehicle can be provided in an improved manner.

[0030] Furthermore, it can be provided that, when checking the data transmission with respect to the transmission model, at least one of the steps listed is carried out:

[0031] - Establish a communication connection using the default communication protocol,

[0032] - perform data transmission by means of a default communication protocol, and / or

[0033] -About the transmission model to analyze data transmission.

[0034] In this way, data transmission can be carried out and evaluated during ongoing operation of the vehicle in order to determine and use an optimized communication protocol.

[0035] Furthermore, it can be provided that the method is at least partially carried out by a data transmission analyzer which is installed in the vehicle, in particular in a preferably central control unit of the vehicle. The data transmission analyzer can be implemented by means of hardware and / or software modules. If the data transmission analyzer is installed directly in the vehicle, the vehicle can automatically determine which communication protocol is optimal for the expected and / or current data transmission.

[0036] Furthermore, it can be provided that the method is at least partially carried out by a data transmission analyzer which is installed on an external IT infrastructure. In this way, computing power for analyzing the data transmission can be mobilized to the external IT infrastructure. After analyzing the data transmission and preferably after associating the corresponding communication protocol, in particular the corresponding communication protocol combination, which preferably includes the corresponding application protocol and / or the corresponding data transmission protocol, the external IT infrastructure can transmit the associated communication protocol to the vehicle.

[0037] Furthermore, it can be provided that the method is carried out when the vehicle is stationary, preferably in preparation for driving operation of the vehicle. Thus, a corresponding communication protocol, preferably a corresponding combination of communication protocols, which preferably includes a corresponding application protocol and / or a corresponding data transmission protocol, can be set by default. If the expected data transmission does not change or does not change significantly, the default communication protocol can be retained during the continued operation of the vehicle. In this way, the setting of the protocol can be achieved in an advantageous manner with predictable data transmission. This can be advantageous for users who display a habitual model when using the vehicle.

[0038] Furthermore, it can be provided that the method is carried out in an offline mode of the communication unit of the vehicle, in particular when the communication unit of the vehicle is deactivated. In this way, online services in the vehicle can be prepared in advance and / or “offline”.

[0039] Furthermore, it can be provided that, when checking the data transmission, a transmission model is estimated and / or predicted, in particular by means of a data transmission analyzer. In this case, historical data and / or empirical values ​​can be advantageously taken into account.

[0040] The method may furthermore have at least one further step:

[0041] - establishing a communication connection using a corresponding communication protocol, which has been associated for data transmission according to the identified transmission model,

[0042] - performing data transmission by means of at least one corresponding communication protocol, and / or

[0043] - storing at least one corresponding communication protocol as a default setting.

[0044] In this way, it is possible to achieve improved use of the corresponding communication protocol, so that data transmission is performed using an optimized communication protocol.

[0045] Advantageously, it can be provided that, if a change in the transmission model is detected during the check, a dynamic switchover of the current communication protocol to the corresponding communication protocol is performed. In this way, the method can dynamically switch the appropriate communication protocol even for variable data transmission, for example in the case of a service change in the vehicle.

[0046] Furthermore, it can be provided that the method is carried out continuously, repeatedly and / or regularly. Thus, for example, a flexible response to variable data transmission can be achieved in the case of a service change in the vehicle, so that a suitable communication protocol can be switched dynamically.

[0047] The method steps may be performed sequentially, at least partially simultaneously and / or synchronously.

[0048] Furthermore, the method may have at least one further step:

[0049] - Services in the vehicle regarding transmission model evaluation,

[0050] - according to the transmission model for the service association corresponding to the communication protocol in the vehicle,

[0051] - categorizing the services in the vehicle with respect to suitable communication protocols, and / or

[0052] - Utilize the category of services in the vehicle for default settings and / or standard settings.

[0053] In this way, the method may provide extended functionality.

[0054] Furthermore, the method can be used to evaluate a communication protocol, wherein the method can have at least one further step:

[0055] -Determine the impact of the transmission model on the performance of the communication protocol.

[0056] Thus, the methods may provide advantageous functionality.

[0057] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the transmission model can be described by different data transmission parameters in the data transmission, wherein in particular the data transmission parameters describe the data transmission as a function of time. In this way, the data transmission can be analyzed more precisely.

[0058] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the different data transmission parameters have at least one of the following parameters and / or a combination of the following parameters during data transmission:

[0059] - the frequency of the packets,

[0060] - the size of the packet, and / or

[0061] - The time interval between packets.

[0062] In this way, the burstiness of the data transmission can be determined, which can be evaluated between "0" or "stream" and "1" or "burst". The burstiness of the data transmission can indicate which performance parameters of the protocol play an important role for efficient data transmission. In this case, the protocol or protocol pair can be selected which best meets the required performance parameters.

[0063] Furthermore, it is conceivable to take into account different performance parameters of different communication protocols when associating the corresponding communication protocol for data transmission. In this way, a protocol that may be advantageous for the identified transmission model can be selected in an improved manner.

[0064] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the different performance parameters of the different communication protocols have at least one of the following parameters:

[0065] -Delay,

[0066] - Computational performance,

[0067] - throughput,

[0068] - Channel data rate, and / or

[0069] -Expanded IoT capabilities.

[0070] In this way, the requirements for data transmission with different data transmission parameters can be advantageously mapped over different performance parameters of different communication protocols.

[0071] Advantageously, different performance parameters of different communication protocols can be taken into account in weighted form and / or different performance parameters can be provided with weighting factors. The selection of the best protocol combination consisting of a transmission protocol and an application protocol is additionally dependent on the predefined weights of performance parameters such as delay, available computing performance or channel data rate. Based on the predefined weights of the performance parameters, the selection of the best protocol combination can be considered as an optimization problem in order to find the best protocol or alternative protocol combination, in particular the best protocol pair.

[0072] Furthermore, the invention provides a control unit, for example for a vehicle or for a mobile appliance in general, which can be part of a distributed system and / or an embedded system (so-called "embedded system"), having:

[0073] A communication unit for setting up and / or carrying out a data transmission, in particular between a vehicle or a mobile appliance and an external IT infrastructure, and a data transmission analyzer for carrying out a method which can be carried out as described above. With the aid of the control unit according to the invention, the same advantages as those described above in connection with the method according to the invention can be achieved. Reference is now made in full to these advantages.

[0074] Furthermore, the invention provides a vehicle with a control unit which can be designed as described above. With the vehicle according to the invention, the same advantages as those described above in connection with the method according to the invention can be achieved. Reference is now made to these advantages in their entirety.

[0075] Furthermore, the present invention provides a computer program product comprising instructions which, when the computer program product is implemented by a computer, cause the computer to perform a method which can be performed as described above. By means of the computer program product according to the invention, the same advantages which have been described above in connection with the method according to the invention can be achieved. Reference is now made in full to these advantages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0076] Furthermore, the invention is presented in more detail with the aid of the accompanying drawings. It should be noted here that the drawings are of a merely descriptive character and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.

[0077] in:

[0078] Figure 1 An exemplary diagram showing the sequence of a method within the meaning of the present invention,

[0079] Figure 2 shows an exemplary amount of data over a period of time with high burstiness "burst" (left) and with low burstiness "stream" (right),

[0080] Figure 3 shows an exemplary online analysis using a data transmission analyzer in a vehicle as a transmitter,

[0081] Figure 4 shows an exemplary online analysis with a data transmission analyzer in an external IT infrastructure as a receiver,

[0082] Figure 5 shows an exemplary decision tree when associating communication protocols according to different transmission models, and

[0083] Figure 6 An exemplary offline classification of services with data transmission in advance is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0084] Figures 1 to 6The invention provides a method for selecting a communication protocol for data transmission D, in particular between a vehicle 100 and an external IT infrastructure 200 (such as a cloud), so that the data transmission D is preferably carried out using an optimized communication protocol KM. The method can also be used to select a communication protocol for data transmission D between a mobile device in general, which is, for example, part of a distributed system and / or an embedded system (so-called "embedded system") and an external IT infrastructure.

[0085] The method has the following steps:

[0086] - checking, i.e. evaluating or analysing or analysable data transmission D with respect to the transmission model M; and

[0087] - at least one corresponding communication protocol KM, in particular a corresponding communication protocol combination, which preferably comprises a corresponding application protocol KMA and / or a corresponding data transmission protocol KMT, is associated with the data transmission D according to the transmission model detected during the check.

[0088] Two examples of possible data transfers D are Figure 2 In Figure 2 The left side of the figure shows a data transmission D with high burstiness x. Figure 2 The middle right shows a data transmission D with low burstiness x, as occurs, for example, during streaming.

[0089] The exemplary vehicle 100 is Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 Schematically presented in .

[0090] The decision tree when associating communication protocols is Figure 5 Schematically presented in .

[0091] If with the help of Figure 2 and Figure 5 As can be seen, within the scope of the present invention, the corresponding optimal protocol KM combination is automatically determined for the corresponding data transmission D. Figure 2 As explained above, different data rate change processes may have different transmission models M, for example, continuous data transmission (streaming, Figure 2 middle right) until strong burst data transmission (burst, in Figure 2 center left). Figure 5 As shown, the corresponding communication protocol KM is selected for different data rate change processes.

[0092] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the communication protocol KM can be determined and dynamically adapted during the continuous driving operation of the vehicle 100. Figure 6As also shown, the communication protocol KM can be predetermined and set.

[0093] like Figure 2 As explained, data transmission D can be analyzed with respect to its burstiness x, that is to say how often data packets are sent after a pause compared to a uniform data rate. The burstiness x of data transmission D can be characterized by different data transmission parameters x1, x2, ..., xn, in particular the amount of data to be transmitted, the intermediate arrival times between the data to be transmitted and their regularity. Figure 5 As explained, the burstiness x of the data transmission D can advantageously be included in the protocol selection.

[0094] Since different communication protocols KM at the application level or at the transmission level show different performances with respect to different data transmission parameters x1, x2, ..., xn, Figure 1 FIG. 4 shows the association of the application protocol KMA in sub-step 2a) and the association of the data transmission protocol KMT in sub-step 2b). Before performing data transmission D on KMA, KMT using the optimized protocol in step 4), Figure 1 The application of the protocol KMA, KMT is also divided into sub-steps 3a) and 3b). In step 5), the storage of the optimized protocol pair KMA, KMT can optionally be set as a default setting.

[0095] Different protocols in the application layer and the transport layer can be evaluated with respect to different performance parameters p1, p2, ..., pn, such as Figure 5 Examples are computing resources p1, latency p2, throughput and / or channel data rate p3, extended IoT functionality p4, etc. Depending on the burstiness x of the data transmission D, the effectiveness of the protocol KM differs in the required performance parameters p1, p2, ..., pn.

[0096] In the case of high burst x ( Figure 2 In the case of (left in the middle), fast establishment and teardown of the connection for each packet can be advantageous. For this reason, a low latency p2 is advantageous, as in Figure 5 As shown on the right.

[0097] On the contrary, in the case of low burstiness (in Figure 2 In this case, the use of computing resources p1 can be important, as in Figure 5 As shown on the left.

[0098] The transmission model M in the data transmission D can advantageously be taken into account directly when selecting the protocol KM, such as Figure 5 As presented schematically.

[0099] For example, mapping of different burstiness levels to different communication protocols KM may be performed in advance.

[0100] In order to determine the burstiness x of the data transmission D, the data to be transmitted can be evaluated with the aid of a data transmission analyzer 12, 212. Based on the data transmission analyzer 12, 212, it is thus possible to analyze the burstiness x of the data transmission D at the application layer (at Figure 1 In sub-step 3a) and at the transport layer (in Figure 1 The communication protocol KM in sub-step 3b) is optimized and selected.

[0101] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As explained, the data transmission D can be analyzed "online". Figure 6 As indicated, an “offline” classification of the expected data transmission D can be carried out in advance in order to set a protocol selection or at least a protocol preselection for the data transmission D.

[0102] If with the help of Figure 2 As can be appreciated, the data transmission analyzer 12 , 212 may evaluate the total amount of data over a certain period of time and then evaluate the data with respect to the burstiness x of the data.

[0103] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the protocol KM can be dynamically adapted to the burstiness x of the data transmission D. If the burstiness x of the data transmission D changes, a more suitable protocol combination can be selected.

[0104] If some service APPs have predictable burstiness x, they can be executed in Figure 6 "Offline" evaluation of service apps in the sense of Figure 6 Alternatively, the protocol selection can be done in advance "offline" (see Figure 6 Step 2 in ). Thus, the data transmission may be performed or at least initiated using the protocol combination that can be expected to have the highest performance and / or efficiency.

[0105] If the transmission characteristics deviate from the expected, the protocol selection can be based on Figure 3 and Figure 4 Dynamic adaptation.

[0106] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As also shown, the data to be transmitted can be evaluated on the transmitter side and / or on the receiver side. The invention can be used in any system in order to fully utilize the performance of the communication protocol. In particular, resource-limited systems such as embedded systems rely on high efficiency. By optimizing the protocol selection, higher performance can be achieved with the same resource usage or with the same resource usage.

[0107] An example of an application of online analysis of data transmission D from the vehicle 100 to the cloud 20 is Figure 3 . In this case, the data transmission analyzer 12 is located in the vehicle 100 (transmitter). If, for example, the service App and its transmission model M are not known in advance, a communication connection can be established in step 1a) using a default set of protocol combinations. In step 1b), the data transmission D can be carried out for a certain period of time, and in step 1c), the data transmission D can be analyzed. If an improved protocol combination is identified with respect to the performance parameters to be considered, this protocol combination can be set in step 3) and used for the data transmission D in step 4). If an improved protocol combination is identified for the vehicle 100, this protocol combination can optionally be stored in step 5) as a new default setting for future transmissions.

[0108] In other words, the method may have at least one further step:

[0109] - establishing a communication connection using a corresponding communication protocol KM, which has been associated for data transmission according to the identified transmission model M,

[0110] - performing a data transmission D by means of at least one corresponding communication protocol KM, and / or

[0111] - storing at least one corresponding communication protocol as a default setting.

[0112] It is also conceivable Figure 4 , in which the data transmission analyzer 12 is located in the external IT infrastructure (receiver). The data input in step 1) are also evaluated in step 2) with respect to burstiness and the transmission model M is thus inferred. An IT infrastructure, for example in the form of a cloud, has almost unlimited computing resources available compared to the vehicle 100. This variant therefore offers the basic advantage that the data transmission analyzer 12 can be implemented in a resource-saving manner for the vehicle 100. After the association, the external IT infrastructure 200 can transmit the associated communication protocol KM to the vehicle 100.

[0113] Advantageously, this method can be used for the following functions:

[0114] - evaluating the service APP in the vehicle 100 with respect to the transmission model M,

[0115] - according to the transmission model M, the corresponding communication protocol KM is associated with the service APP in the vehicle 100,

[0116] - categorizing the service apps in the vehicle 100 with respect to a suitable communication protocol KM,

[0117] - Classification using a service app in the vehicle 100 for default settings and / or standard settings.

[0118] Furthermore, the method can be used to evaluate the protocol KM, wherein the method can have at least one further step:

[0119] - Determine the influence of the transmission model M on the performance of the communication protocol KM.

[0120] The selection of the best protocol combination consisting of transport and application protocols additionally depends on the preset weights of performance parameters p1, p2, ..., pn (such as delay p2, available computing performance p1 or channel data rate p3). Based on the weights of the performance parameters p1, p2, ..., pn and the weighting factors w1, w2, ..., wn, a cost function f can be generated, which depends on the burstiness x of the data transmission, i.e. f(x):

[0121]

[0122] Since the exact value of the cost function f depends in a complex way on the hardware environment of the communication partners and on the mobile radio network, it is simpler to consider the selection of the optimal protocol combination as an optimization problem in order to find the minimum value of the cost function f. Qualitatively, such a selection can be presented in a decision tree, such as Figure 5 As presented exemplarily. Figure 5 Communication protocols such as MQTT, ZMQ, TLS, and QUIC are shown as examples.

[0123] The invention can be used advantageously for all communication protocols KM in networks and on any conceivable platform. Possible variants are described in particular here.

[0124] - Dynamic switching between two protocol combinations,

[0125] - Intelligent protocol selection in case of multiple transmission paths ("multipath"), and

[0126] - "Offline" category of service apps.

[0127] In systems with high optimization requirements, the performance can be significantly improved with the help of the invention. The performance of the communication protocol KM can be better utilized. The communication protocol KM is used for application cases in which its advantages can be realized. In addition, dynamic switching in the event of sudden changes provides the possibility of reacting to changes in the total amount of data.

[0128] A corresponding vehicle 100 and a corresponding control unit 10 in which a data transmission analyzer 12 is integrated are each a further aspect of the present invention.

[0129] The above description of the drawings describes the invention only within the scope of examples. Of course, as long as it makes sense technically, the individual features of the embodiments can be freely combined with each other without leaving the scope of the invention.

[0130] Reference numerals list

[0131] 100 Vehicles

[0132] 10 Control unit

[0133] 11 Communication unit

[0134] 12 Data Transfer Analyzer

[0135] 200 IT Infrastructure

[0136] 212 Data Transfer Analyzer

[0137] D. Data transmission

[0138] M Transmission Model

[0139] APP Services

[0140] KM Communication Protocol

[0141] KMA Application Protocol

[0142] KMT Data Transfer Protocol

[0143] x Sudden

[0144] p1 Performance Parameters

[0145] p2 Performance Parameters

[0146] p3 Performance Parameters

[0147] p4 performance parameters

[0148] pn performance parameters

[0149] w1 weighting factor

[0150] w2 weighting factor

[0151] wn weighting factor.

Claims

1. A method for selecting a communication protocol (KM) for data transmission between a vehicle (100) and an external IT infrastructure (200), comprising: - checking the data transmission (D) with respect to a transmission model (M), wherein in particular the transmission model is characterized by a burstiness of the data transmission; and - according to the transmission model (M) identified during the check, at least one corresponding communication protocol (KM), in particular a corresponding combination of communication protocols, preferably a corresponding pair of communication protocols, preferably comprising a corresponding application protocol (KMA) and / or a corresponding data transmission protocol (KMT), is associated with the data transmission (D), in, The method has at least one further step: - evaluating a service (APP) in the vehicle (100) with respect to the transmission model (M), - according to the transmission model (M), a corresponding communication protocol (KM) is associated with the service (APP) in the vehicle (100), - categorizing the service (APP) in the vehicle (100) with respect to a suitable communication protocol (KM), and / or - utilizing the classification of services (APP) in the vehicle (100) for default settings and / or standard settings; and / or The method is used to evaluate a communication protocol (KM), wherein the method comprises at least one further step: - determining the influence of the transmission model (M) on the performance of the communication protocol (KM).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The method is performed in a moving vehicle (100), and / or the method is performed in an online mode of the communication unit (11) of the vehicle (100), in particular when the communication unit (11) of the vehicle (100) is activated, and / or performing at least one of the following steps when checking the data transmission (D) with respect to the transmission model (M): - establishing a communication connection using said communication protocol (KM) with default settings, - performing said data transmission (D) by means of said communication protocol (KM) set by default, and / or - Analyzing said data transmission (D) with respect to a transmission model (M).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The method is at least partially performed by a data transmission analyzer (12) which is installed in the vehicle (100), in particular in a preferably central control unit (10) of the vehicle (100). or the method is at least partially performed by a data transmission analyzer (212), the data transmission analyzer being installed on the external IT infrastructure (200), In particular, the external IT infrastructure (200) transmits an associated communication protocol (KM) to the vehicle (100).

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The method is performed when the vehicle (100) is stationary, preferably in preparation for a driving operation of the vehicle (100), and / or the method is performed in an offline mode of the communication unit (11) of the vehicle (100), in particular when the communication unit (11) of the vehicle (100) is deactivated, And / or when checking the data transmission (D), the transmission model (M) is estimated and / or predicted, in particular by means of a data transmission analyzer (12, 212).

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The method has at least one further step: - establishing a communication connection using the corresponding communication protocol (KM), which has been associated with the data transmission (D) according to the identified transmission model (M), - performing said data transmission (D) by means of at least one corresponding said communication protocol (KM), and / or - storing at least one corresponding communication protocol (KM) as a default setting.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein If a change in the transmission model (M) is detected during the check, a dynamic switchover from the current communication protocol (KM) to the corresponding communication protocol (KM) is performed, and / or the method is performed continuously, repeatedly and / or regularly; and / or The method steps are performed sequentially, at least partially simultaneously and / or synchronously; and / or At least one corresponding communication protocol (KM) for data transmission (D) comprises a corresponding communication protocol combination, which comprises in particular an application protocol and / or a data transmission protocol.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The transmission model (M) is described by different data transmission parameters (x1, x2, . . . , xn) in the data transmission (D), wherein in particular the data transmission parameters (x1, x2, . . . , xn) describe the data transmission (D) as a function of time.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein The different data transmission parameters (x1, x2, ..., xn) in the data transmission (D) have at least one of the following parameters and / or a combination of the following parameters: - the frequency of the packets, - the size of the packet, and / or - The time interval between said data packets.

9. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein When associating a corresponding communication protocol (KM) with the data transmission (D), different performance parameters (p1, p2, . . . , pn) of different communication protocols (KIM) are taken into account.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein The different performance parameters (p1, p2, ..., pn) of the different communication protocols (KM) have at least one of the following parameters: - Delay (p2), - Computational performance (p1), -throughput, and / or - Channel data rate (p3), - Extended IoT functionality (p4).

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein The different performance parameters (p1, p2, ..., pn) of different communication protocols (KM) are considered in a weighted form. And / or the different performance parameters (p1, p2, . . . , pn) are provided with weighting factors (w1, w2, . . . , wn).

12. A control unit (10), in particular for a vehicle (100), comprising: A communication unit (11) for establishing and / or executing a data transmission (D), in particular between a vehicle (100) and an external IT infrastructure (200), and Data transmission analyzer (12) for carrying out the method according to any of the preceding claims.

13. A vehicle (100) having a control unit (10) according to claim 12.

14. A computer program product comprising instructions which, when the computer program product is executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 11.

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