A method for improving the germination rate during the healing and root-promoting stage of hardwood grafting and seedling raising of grapes

Abstract

The technical solution of the present invention discloses a method for improving the germination rate in the healing and rooting promotion stage of grape hard-branch grafted seedlings, comprising the following steps: selecting scion branches, treating with monocyanamide, grafting and applying wax, placing the stock and scion assembly in an orderly manner in a pallet box, gradient controlling the temperature and humidity for healing and rooting promotion, timely removing the heat-insulating and moisture-retaining medium on the surface, irradiating the buds under fluorescent lights for greening, and counting the germination rate. Through the mutual cooperation of the steps, the germination rate in the healing and rooting promotion stage of grape hard-branch grafted seedlings is significantly improved, and the proportion of the first-level seedlings in the nutrient pot seedlings is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of grape grafting seedling cultivation, and in particular to a method for improving the germination rate in the healing and rooting promotion stage of grape hard branch grafting seedling cultivation. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the most suitable technology for large-scale, factory-scale production of grafted grape seedlings is hardwood grafting. This technique primarily involves using a multi-resistant rootstock segment, such as one with drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, cold resistance, and salinity tolerance, to join a scion segment with excellent traits using a grafting machine. The scion segment then undergoes a rooting process to heal the grafting joint. The grafted cuttings are then grown in pots in a greenhouse or directly in the field. Rooting is the process of healing the grafting joint and rooting, or callus formation, at the base of the rootstock in a greenhouse under controlled temperature and humidity. During this process, some buds on the scion sprout, while others do not. In production practice, it has been found that those that sprout during the rooting process quickly develop roots and leaves after being inserted into pots, ultimately becoming first-grade seedlings. Those that do not sprout, while some die after being inserted into pots, continue to sprout, and a significant number become second-grade seedlings. Overall, a higher germination rate during the rooting process is associated with a higher proportion of first-grade seedlings at the end of the seedling production process. There is currently little literature on the germination rate during the healing and rooting process.

[0003] Currently, the healing and rooting promotion process for hardwood grafted grapes primarily relies on controlling temperature and humidity to improve the healing and rooting promotion effect. Patent CN 106993510 A discloses a factory-based hardwood grafting and seedling cultivation method for wine grapes. During the healing and rooting promotion phase, rooting is promoted using an electric hotbed in a rooting promotion workshop. The hotbed is equipped with a double layer of geothermal wires, with the upper layer maintained at 28-29°C and the lower layer at 20-25°C. The upper layer is covered with river sand and sawdust, and water is sprayed at appropriate times to maintain a relative humidity of 80-90%. The joints between the grafted strips are aligned with the upper layer of geothermal wires. Fine sand is then poured between the strips and water is deposited, exposing the buds. However, the uneven heating temperature of the electric hotbed can easily lead to localized overheating and damage to the strips. Patent CN109168693 A discloses a darkroom structure and a darkroom stratification healing and rooting method for grape hardwood grafting. The healing and rooting are carried out in a darkroom, which is dark. The temperature of the grafting site healing and rooting environment is controlled at 27-31°C, and the humidity near the grafting site is maintained at 80-85%. According to the applicant's practical experience, the germination rate during the healing and rooting stage is about 50%, which is relatively low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method that can significantly improve the germination rate of the stock and scion assembly during the healing and rooting stage to increase the proportion of first-class seedlings after the completion of seedling cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the existing technical problems, the present invention provides a method for improving the germination rate of grape hardwood grafted seedlings in the healing and rooting promotion stage. The scion branch segments are treated with monocyanamide, the scion buds are in the same plane when the stock and scion combination is arranged in a pallet box, the temperature and humidity of the stock and scion combination are gradient controlled, the heat-insulating and moisturizing medium on the surface is removed in time, and the buds are irradiated and greened under fluorescent lights. These steps are coordinated with each other, which significantly improves the germination rate of grape hardwood grafted seedlings in the healing and rooting promotion stage, and increases the proportion of first-level seedlings in nutrient pots.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a method for improving the germination rate of grape hard branch grafted seedlings in the healing and rooting stage, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Select scion branches. Choose branches that are pure in variety, virus-free, with moderate and uniform internode length, small pith, normal color, strong growth, fully mature, full buds, and free of pests and diseases as seed branches;

[0007] S2, cyanamide treatment, 20 days before grafting, cut the scion branches into single bud stem segments, dilute 50% cyanamide by mass to prepare a 20-fold solution, then soak the single bud stem segments in the diluted cyanamide solution for 2 to 3 seconds, remove them, dry them, put them in plastic bags and store them in a cold storage for use;

[0008] S3, grafting and waxing, select the rootstock with good affinity to the scion branch and cut the rootstock into segments of about 30 cm, graft the rootstock segment and the cyanamide-treated scion segment with the Ω grafting machine to form a rootstock-scion combination, and then wax the rootstock-scion combination;

[0009] S4, the stock and scion assembly are placed in an orderly manner in the pallet box, the stock and scion assembly after waxing is gently placed in the pallet box, so that all the scion buds are roughly on the same plane, wet vermiculite powder is filled in the bottom of the pallet box and around the grafting port, and finally the wet vermiculite powder is covered on the top of the scion;

[0010] S5. Control the temperature and humidity for healing and rooting. Place the pallet box in a dark greenhouse for healing and rooting. Use a gradient temperature control method. The first week is controlled at 27-30°C, the second week is controlled at 24-27°C, and the third week is controlled at 20-24°C. The relative humidity of the air is maintained above 90% for the first 10 days, and then the air humidity is controlled at 65%-80%;

[0011] S6. Remove the surface heat-insulating and moisturizing medium promptly. When the germination rate is about 20%, remove the vermiculite powder on the top of the stock / scion combination so that the germinated buds are exposed, but the area around the grafting point is still filled with wet vermiculite powder.

[0012] S7. The buds are exposed to fluorescent light for greening. When the germination rate is about 40%, the fluorescent light on the top of the pallet box is turned on and the buds are exposed to light at a light intensity of 1500Lx to gradually green.

[0013] S8. Statistics of germination rate. Regularly check the healing of the grafting interface. When 80% of the grafting interfaces of the stock-scion combination have completed healing, it is considered that the healing and rooting process is completed. Then sorting is carried out. The germination rate of the stock-scion combination that has passed the healing and rooting process is counted and wax is applied for cultivation in nutrient pots.

[0014] Furthermore, the seed strips in step S1 are one-year-old branches with a thickness of 0.7 to 1.0 cm.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S3, the wax is heated and melted in a water bath. When the working temperature of the wax liquid reaches 76-80°C, the grafting point and the above part of the stock / scion assembly are immersed in the wax liquid, and then quickly taken out and placed in water at room temperature for cooling.

[0016] Furthermore, the top of the scion in S4 is covered with 2 cm thick wet vermiculite powder.

[0017] The method for improving the germination rate in the healing and rooting promotion stage of grape hardwood grafted seedlings comprises the following steps: treating the scion branches with monocyanamide to make the stock-scion combination more likely to germinate; placing the stock-scion combination in a lightless greenhouse for healing and rooting promotion, thereby facilitating temperature and humidity control and facilitating gradient control of temperature and humidity, and achieving a good gradient effect; ensuring that the scion buds of the stock-scion combination are located on the same plane and timely removing the wet vermiculite powder covering the buds, thereby not only facilitating germination but also preventing the germinated buds from rotting due to excessive humidity; and irradiating the buds under fluorescent lights for greening, thereby further enabling the buds to adapt to the external environment, thereby facilitating improving the survival rate and the proportion of first-level seedlings after cutting and cultivation in nutrient pots. The present invention treats the scion branch section with monocyanamide, controls the temperature and humidity of the stock-scion assembly with gradient, makes the scion buds of the stock-scion assembly lie on a plane and promptly removes the wet vermiculite powder covering the buds, and irradiates the buds under fluorescent lamps for greening, thereby significantly improving the germination rate of grape hard-branch grafted seedlings in the healing and rooting stage, increasing the proportion of first-level seedlings grown in nutrient pots, and correspondingly greatly reducing the seedling cost. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0019] Example 1

[0020] A method for improving the germination rate of grape hard branch grafted seedlings during the healing and rooting stage, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1. Select scion branches. Choose one-year-old Marselan (red grape variety) branches that are pure, virus-free, have uniform internode length, small pith, normal color, strong growth, fully mature, full buds, and free of pests and diseases, with a diameter of 0.7-1.0 cm as scion branches;

[0022] S2, cyanamide treatment, 20 days before grafting, cut the scion branches into single bud stem segments, dilute 50% cyanamide by mass to prepare a 20-fold solution, then soak the single bud stem segments in the diluted cyanamide solution for 2 to 3 seconds, remove them, dry them, put them in plastic bags and store them in a cold storage for use;

[0023] S3, grafting and waxing, select SO4 stock with good affinity to scion branches and cut the stock into 30cm branch segments, graft the SO4 stock segment with basically the same thickness and the Marselan scion segment treated with cyanamide with an Ω grafting machine to form a stock-scion assembly, then heat and melt the wax in a water bath, and when the wax liquid working temperature reaches 76-80°C, immerse the stock-scion assembly grafting interface and above in the wax liquid, then quickly take it out and put it into room temperature water to cool;

[0024] S4, the stock and scion assembly are placed in an orderly manner in the pallet box, the stock and scion assembly after waxing is gently placed in the pallet box, so that all scion buds are on the same plane, wet vermiculite powder is filled in the bottom of the pallet box and around the grafting port, and finally a 2cm thick layer of wet vermiculite powder is covered on the top of the scion;

[0025] S5. Control the temperature and humidity for healing and rooting. Place the pallet box in a dark greenhouse for healing and rooting. Use a gradient temperature control method. The first week is controlled at 27-30°C, the second week is controlled at 24-27°C, and the third week is controlled at 20-24°C. The relative humidity of the air is maintained above 90% for the first 10 days, and then the air humidity is controlled at 65%-80%;

[0026] S6. Remove the surface heat preservation and moisture-retaining medium in time. When the germination rate reaches 20%, remove the vermiculite powder on the top of the stock-scion combination so that the germinated buds are exposed, but the area around the grafting point is still filled with wet vermiculite powder.

[0027] S7. The buds are exposed to fluorescent light for greening. When the germination rate reaches 40%, the fluorescent light on the upper part of the pallet box is turned on. The buds are exposed to light at a light intensity of 1500Lx and gradually greened.

[0028] S8. Statistics of germination rate. Regularly check the healing of the grafting interface. When 80% of the grafting interfaces of the stock and scion combinations have completed healing, it is considered that the healing and rooting process is completed. Then sorting is carried out. The germination rate of the Marselan SO4 combinations that have passed the healing and rooting process is calculated and wax is applied. They are then cultivated in nutrient pots. After the cultivation is completed, the proportion of the first-level seedlings is calculated.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] Referring to the method steps of Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that in step S1, Chardonnay (white grape variety) grape branches are selected as seed strips; in S3, the rootstock is cut into 29 cm branch segments; in S6, when the germination rate is 19%, the vermiculite powder on the top of the rootstock-scion assembly is removed; in S7, when the germination rate is 41%, the fluorescent lamp on the top of the pallet box is turned on, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0031] A method for improving the germination rate of grape hard branch grafted seedlings during the healing and rooting stage, comprising the following steps:

[0032] S1. Select scion branches: Choose one-year-old Chardonnay (white grape variety) branches that are pure, virus-free, have internodes of moderate and uniform length, small pith, normal color, strong growth, fully mature, full buds, free of pests and diseases, and are 0.8 cm thick as scion branches;

[0033] S2, cyanamide treatment, 20 days before grafting, cut the scion branches into single bud stem segments, dilute 50% cyanamide by mass to prepare a 20-fold solution, then soak the single bud stem segments in the diluted cyanamide solution for 2 to 3 seconds, remove them, dry them, put them in plastic bags and store them in a cold storage for use;

[0034] S3, grafting and waxing, select SO4 stock with good affinity to scion branches and cut the stock into 29cm branch segments, the SO4 stock segment with basically the same thickness and the Marselan scion segment treated with cyanamide are grafted together with an Ω grafting machine to form a stock-scion assembly, then the wax is heated and melted in a water bath, and when the wax liquid working temperature reaches 78°C, the stock-scion assembly grafting interface and above are immersed in the wax liquid, and then quickly taken out and placed in room temperature water to cool;

[0035] S4, the stock and scion assembly are placed in an orderly manner in the pallet box, the stock and scion assembly after waxing is gently placed in the pallet box, so that all scion buds are on the same plane, wet vermiculite powder is filled in the bottom of the pallet box and around the grafting port, and finally a 2cm thick layer of wet vermiculite powder is covered on the top of the scion;

[0036] S5. Control the temperature and humidity for healing and rooting. Place the pallet box in a dark greenhouse for healing and rooting. Use a gradient temperature control method. The temperature is controlled at 29°C in the first week, 26°C in the second week, and 22°C in the third week. The relative humidity of the air is maintained above 90% in the first 10 days, and then controlled at 70% to 80%;

[0037] S6. Remove the surface heat preservation and moisture-retaining medium in time. When the germination rate reaches 19%, remove the vermiculite powder on the top of the stock / scion combination so that the germinated buds are exposed, but the area around the grafting point is still filled with wet vermiculite powder.

[0038] S7. The buds are exposed to fluorescent light for greening. When the germination rate reaches 41%, the fluorescent light on the upper part of the pallet box is turned on. The buds are exposed to light at a light intensity of 1500Lx and gradually greened.

[0039] S8. Statistics of germination rate. Regularly check the healing of the grafting interface. When 80% of the grafting interfaces of the stock and scion combination are healed, the healing and rooting process is deemed complete. Then sorting is carried out. The germination rate of the Chardonnay SO4 that has passed the healing and rooting process is calculated and waxed. The seedlings are then cultivated in nutrient pots. After cultivation is completed, the proportion of first-class seedlings is calculated.

[0040] Comparative Example 1

[0041] Referring to the method steps of Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that step S2 is not treated with monocyanamide, step S4 is that the scion buds of the stockstock and scion assembly are not strictly on the same plane, and some are deep and some are shallow, step S5 is constant temperature control at 27-30°C, steps S6 and S7 are deleted, and the remaining steps are the same as Example 1. The scion branches and stock of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 are of the same variety, batch and quantity.

[0042] Comparative Example 2

[0043] Referring to the method steps of Comparative Example 1, the difference from Comparative Example 1 is that in step S1, Chardonnay grape branches are used as inoculated branches, and the remaining steps are the same as Comparative Example 1. The scion branches and rootstocks of Comparative Example 2 and Example 2 are of the same variety, batch, and quantity.

[0044] Test 1: After the healing and rooting process of Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-2 was completed, the germination rates of each were statistically shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1 Sprouting rate at the end of healing and rooting

[0046] Germination rate (%) Example 1 83 Comparative Example 1 44 Example 2 87 Comparative Example 2 56

[0047] It can be seen from Table 1 that, compared with Comparative Example 1, and compared with Comparative Example 2, Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 can significantly improve the germination rate of the grafted assembly in the healing and rooting stage, from about 50% to about 85%.

[0048] Test 2: After the healing and rooting process was completed, Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-2 were respectively subjected to nutrient pot cutting cultivation. The cultivation was carried out for 40 days, and the proportion of first-level seedlings and second-level seedlings was calculated. The determination of first-level seedlings and second-level seedlings was based on the company standard (see Table 2 for details). The specific proportions of first-level seedlings and second-level seedlings in Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-2 are shown in Table 3.

[0049] Table 2 Quality standards for grafted seedlings in nutrient pots (enterprise standards)

[0050]

[0051] Table 3 The proportion of first-level seedlings and second-level seedlings after cultivation in nutrient pots

[0052] Proportion of first-grade seedlings (%) Proportion of secondary seedlings (%) Example 1 80 20 Comparative Example 1 56 44 Example 2 88 12 Comparative Example 2 60 40

[0053] It can be seen from the contents of Table 3 that, compared with Comparative Example 1, and compared with Comparative Example 2, Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 can both significantly increase the proportion of first-level seedlings grown in the nutrient pot method, from about 58% to 84%.

[0054] In summary, the methods of Example 1 and Example 2 significantly improved the germination rate of grape hard-branch grafted seedlings during the healing and rooting stage, and increased the proportion of first-grade seedlings.

Claims

1. A method for improving the germination rate of grape hardwood grafted seedlings during the healing and rooting stage, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Select scion branches. Choose branches that are pure, virus-free, have moderate and uniform internode length, small pith, normal color, strong growth, fully mature, full buds, and free of pests and diseases as seed branches. The seed branches should be one-year-old branches with a diameter of 0.7-1.0 cm. S2, cyanamide treatment, 20 days before grafting, cut the scion branches into single bud stem segments, dilute the mass fraction of 50% cyanamide to 20 times, then soak the single bud stem segments in the diluted cyanamide solution for 2-3 seconds, remove them and dry them, put them into plastic bags and store them in a cold storage for use; S3, grafting and waxing, select a rootstock with good affinity to the scion branch and cut the rootstock into branches of about 30 cm, graft the rootstock branch segments with basically the same thickness and the scion branch segments treated with monocyanamide together using an Ω grafting machine to form a rootstock-scion combination, and then wax the rootstock-scion combination; waxing is heated and melted in a water bath, and when the wax liquid working temperature reaches 76-80 ° C, the grafting port and the above part of the rootstock-scion combination are immersed in the wax liquid, and then quickly taken out and placed in water at room temperature to cool S4, the stock and scion assembly is placed in an orderly manner in the pallet box, the waxed stock and scion assembly is gently placed in the pallet box so that all the scion buds are roughly on the same plane, wet vermiculite powder is filled around the bottom of the pallet box and the grafting port, and finally the top of the scion is covered with wet vermiculite powder; the top of the scion is covered with 2 cm thick wet vermiculite powder; S5. Control the temperature and humidity for healing and rooting. Place the pallet boxes in a dark greenhouse for healing and rooting. Use a gradient temperature control method. The first week is controlled at 27-30℃, the second week is controlled at 24-27℃, and the third week is controlled at 20-24℃. The relative humidity of the air is kept above 90% for the first 10 days, and then the air humidity is controlled at 65%-80%; S6. Remove the surface heat preservation and moisture-retaining medium promptly. When the germination rate is about 20%, remove the vermiculite powder on the top of the stock / scion combination so that the germinated buds are exposed, but the area around the grafting point is still filled with wet vermiculite powder. S7. Irradiate the buds under fluorescent light for greening. When the germination rate is about 40%, turn on the fluorescent light on the top of the pallet box and allow the buds to gradually green under the light intensity of 1500Lx. S8. Statistics of germination rate. Regularly check the healing of the grafting interface. When 80% of the grafting interfaces of the stock-scion combination have completed healing, it is considered that the healing and rooting process is completed. Then sorting is carried out. The stock-scion combination that has passed the healing and rooting process is counted for germination rate and waxed, and then it is cultivated in nutrient pot cuttings.

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