A multifunctional overflow dam and operation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of dam technology, and specifically to a multifunctional overflow dam and its operation method. By making corresponding adjustments to the fishway in the dam, the rotating steel plate device on the dam surface, and the steel gate device on the dam top, the optimal state of the overflow dam operation under different water levels and rainfall conditions is achieved. The rotating steel plate device can adjust the angle and position of the steel plate according to different actual needs. The distributed eco-friendly power generation device is more flexible than the traditional fixed power generation device, and the position of the power generation device can be changed according to different water level conditions to maximize power generation. And according to the flood discharge requirements, the power generation device can be retracted into the dam through the telescopic device to improve the flatness of the dam surface and prevent cavitation from causing damage to the device. The fishway in the dam of the present invention not only realizes the fish passing function without being restricted by the water level, but also provides the necessary ecological water demand for the downstream during the dry season.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dams, and in particular to a multifunctional overflow dam. Background Art

[0002] As humans build reservoirs and dams to change water levels to meet the purpose of human activities. At the same time, this also blocks the natural waterway of the river, causing a huge water level difference, making it impossible for migratory fish to pass through the dam and return to the upstream to spawn, which seriously affects the reproduction of fish and is also detrimental to the entire ecological environment. The existing technology for the construction of fishways is mainly on one side of the river, which leads to the occupation of the river. At the same time, it limits the water level height for the dam that can generate electricity, affects the power generation function, and causes energy waste. Or some fishways are built on the dam surface, which also leads to the inability to control the flow rate of the water flow, and there are fewer fish that can migrate. At the same time, the overflow dam surface is occupied, which hinders the energy dissipation and flood discharge functions of the dam surface.

[0003] The downstream single-width energy dissipation power of the overflow dam can reach tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of kilowatts, so the energy dissipation facilities of the overflow dam must be well-equipped, and at the same time, the water level difference of the overflow dam can be fully utilized for power generation. The power generation devices on the existing overflow dam surface are generally fixed power generation devices, which can only generate electricity within a fixed flow range, and cannot generate electricity according to the water level in different periods, and the power generation devices can be adjusted up and down. At the same time, the energy dissipation devices on the existing overflow dam surface are generally fixed, and cannot be flexibly adjusted according to different actual needs or have other functions.

[0004] In summary, we need to design a multifunctional overflow dam structure that can generate electricity, dissipate energy, discharge floodwaters and release water for ecological purposes without affecting the passage of fish and is suitable for most migratory fish. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a multifunctional overflow dam and an operation method thereof to solve the problem that the existing overflow dam cannot achieve power generation, energy dissipation, flood discharge and ecological water release without affecting fish migration.

[0006] Based on the above purpose, the present invention provides a multifunctional overflow dam, including an overflow dam surface, a fishway in the dam, a rotating steel plate device on the dam surface, a distributed eco-friendly power generation device and a control system;

[0007] The dam surface rotating steel plate device is provided in a plurality, all of which are located on the overflow dam surface and are sequentially arranged in a straight line at a certain interval to form a device group, and the device group is provided in a plurality of groups in a horizontal direction on the overflow dam surface, and the dam surface rotating steel plate device comprises a steel plate, and rollers for enabling the steel plate to rotate are provided at the end of the steel plate, and grooves for the rollers to move are provided along the rotation track of the steel plate;

[0008] The distributed eco-friendly power generation device is provided in a plurality of units, each of which is installed at each of the grooves, and each of which is connected to a telescopic device for driving the distributed eco-friendly power generation device to extend out of the overflow dam surface and retract into the overflow dam surface;

[0009] The control system is used to control the rotation angle of each of the steel plates and the telescopic state of the distributed eco-friendly power generation device when the overflow dam is required to perform different functions.

[0010] Preferably, the control system is used to extend the distributed eco-friendly power generation device out of the overflow dam surface to generate electricity through the telescopic device when it is judged that the reservoir gate bottom elevation is ≤ the reservoir water level ≤ the reservoir flood control high water level, and the future inflow is predicted to be less than the flood control limit water level setting value;

[0011] When it is judged that the reservoir gate bottom elevation is ≤ reservoir water level ≤ reservoir flood control high water level, and the inflow at the future set time exceeds the flood control limit water level setting value, or the reservoir water level is ≥ reservoir flood control high water level, the distributed eco-friendly power generation device is retracted into the overflow dam surface through the telescopic device, and the angle of each steel plate is adjusted to meet θ1=0°, (i≥2), where θ i It is the angle between the steel plate in the i-th row of rotating steel plate devices on the overflow dam surface and the horizontal direction; n is the number of horizontal rows of rotating steel plate devices on the overflow dam surface.

[0012] Preferably, the height of the steel plate is 1m, the length is 10m, and the initial state has an angle of 8° with the horizontal. The steel plates of each dam surface rotating steel plate device are arranged in a straight line with a spacing of 1m between each plate. The steel plates are connected to a hydraulic telescopic device, and the depth of the groove is 0.3m. When the steel plate is rotated to the horizontal, the steel plate can be retracted into the groove driven by the hydraulic telescopic device.

[0013] Preferably, the hydraulic telescopic device comprises an oil pump, a delivery pipeline, a cylinder, a primary telescopic tube, a secondary telescopic tube and a tertiary telescopic tube. When the steel plate is pushed out, the oil pump pressurizes the oil and then sends it to the cylinder through the delivery pipeline, thereby changing the pressure in the cylinder to push the primary telescopic tube, the secondary telescopic tube and the tertiary telescopic tube to extend upward, thereby pushing the steel plate to the dam surface.

[0014] When the steel plate is retracted into the groove, the oil pump is turned off, and there is no continuous pressure on the cylinder, and the third-level telescopic tube, the second-level telescopic tube and the first-level telescopic tube are successively retracted to shrink the steel plate.

[0015] Preferably, the distributed eco-friendly power generation device includes wavy blades, rollers, a first collector box and a second collector box. When generating electricity on the dam surface, the steel plate collects the water flow and concentrates it on the wavy blades above the groove, causing them to start rotating around the roller to generate electricity, and store electricity in the first collector box and the second collector box on both sides of the roller.

[0016] Preferably, a screw mechanism is provided underneath the distributed eco-friendly power generation device, the screw mechanism is connected to a driving device, and the control system is used to drive the screw mechanism to lift and lower the power generation device by providing power through the driving device according to the required height of the power generation device when the overflow dam is in operation.

[0017] Preferably, the overflow dam further comprises a fishway in the dam, the slope of the fishway in the dam is 8-10°, the structure of the fishway in the dam is S-shaped, and extends upward along the slope, the turning radius of the S-shaped fishway in the dam is 5R, R is the radius of the inlet and outlet of the fishway in the dam, the elevation of the inlet of the fishway in the dam is 0.2m below the average low water level of the overflow dam, and the elevation of the outlet is 0.2m below the average low water level of the overflow dam;

[0018] The inlet and outlet of the fishway in the dam are all provided with shutter mechanical structure valves, which can control the flow rate in the fishway by opening the valve from the middle to the surrounding areas. Each turning point and inlet and outlet of the fishway in the dam are provided with fish attracting lights.

[0019] Preferably, each section of the fishway is staggered with a "concave" shaped blocking device, and the length of the blocking device is The width is 50cm, the height is the same as the inner diameter of the fishway, the width of the "concave" part is 20cm, and the distance from the two sides of the blocking device is 10cm;

[0020] The number of flow blocking devices is

[0021]

[0022] Where n is the number of flow-blocking devices, ξ is the local head loss coefficient, ζ 阻流装置 is the local head loss coefficient of the flow-blocking device, λ is the head loss coefficient along the flow path, p1 and p2 are the upstream and downstream pressures, respectively, and h j is the local head loss, h f is the head loss along the way, l is the length of the fishway, d is the diameter of the fishway, z1z2 are the water levels of the upstream and downstream sections, α is the kinetic energy correction coefficient, v1v2 are the flow velocities of the upstream and downstream sections, ρ is the density of the fishway water flow, g is the gravitational acceleration, and v 适宜 is the flow velocity most suitable for fish migration, v 最大 is the maximum flow velocity that fish can withstand during migration, and △z is the elevation difference of the fishway.

[0023] Preferably, the overflow dam further comprises a steel gate device arranged on the dam top, the steel gate device comprises a hoist bridge and a flat steel gate, and the hoist bridge is provided with a hoist for lifting and lowering the flat steel gate;

[0024] A 20° nose ridge is also provided at the end of the overflow dam.

[0025] This specification also provides an operation method of the multifunctional overflow dam as described in any one of the above, comprising:

[0026] For the ecological water release operation status:

[0027] When the dead water level of the reservoir is ≤ the reservoir water level ≤ the sluice gate bottom elevation during the non-flood season, the flat steel gate device on the dam top, the steel plate on the overflow dam surface and the distributed eco-friendly power generation device are all in the initial state;

[0028] Control the opening of the valves at the inlet and outlet of the fishway to control the flow rate at the inlet to no less than 0.2m / s and no higher than the limiting flow rate of the main fish passage. At the same time, according to the migratory habits of local fish, control the brightness of the fish-attracting lights in the fishway to attract fish to migrate, so that fish can still pass through when the water level is relatively low;

[0029] For the dam surface power generation operation status:

[0030] When the reservoir gate bottom elevation ≤ reservoir water level ≤ reservoir flood control high water level, and it is in the non-flood season, or in the flood season, but according to the prediction of the rainfall data monitoring system, the future inflow is less than the set value of the flood control limit water level, the overflow dam will generate electricity on the dam surface;

[0031] The distributed eco-friendly power generation device is raised to a suitable power generation height on the overflow dam surface by providing power through the driving device, so that the wave-shaped blades on the power generation device rotate around the roller under the action of the water flow to generate electricity. At this time, the steel plate is in the initial guide wall structure form, which is used to shrink and collect the water flow, concentrate the water flow to flush the distributed eco-friendly power generation device, and store electricity in the first collector box and the second collector box;

[0032] The steel gate device controls the opening of the plane steel gate through the hoist to change the discharge flow and raise it to a position where the discharge flow of the gate is within the power generation flow range;

[0033] Control the valve opening of the inlet and outlet of the fishway in the dam, and control the flow rate at the inlet to be no less than 0.2m / s and no higher than the limiting flow rate of the main fish passage. At the same time, control the brightness of the fish attracting lights in the fishway according to the migratory habits of local fish;

[0034] For pre-discharge flood operation status:

[0035] When the reservoir gate bottom elevation is ≤ reservoir water level ≤ reservoir flood control high water level during the flood season, and according to the prediction of the rainfall data monitoring system, the future inflow exceeds the set value of the flood control limit water level, the overflow dam needs to pre-discharge the flood;

[0036] Providing power through a driving device to retract the distributed eco-friendly power generation device into the overflow dam;

[0037] Adjust the roller position so that the steel plate angle meets θ1=0°, (i≥2), where θ i is the angle between the steel plate in the i-th row of rotating steel plate devices on the overflow dam surface and the horizontal direction; n is the number of horizontal rows of rotating steel plate devices on the overflow dam surface;

[0038] Close the valves at the inlet and outlet of the fishway in the dam;

[0039] Open the steel gate device and raise the flat steel gate to the highest position of the gate through the hoist;

[0040] When the reservoir water level is ≤ the reservoir gate bottom elevation, if it is necessary to continue pre-discharging flood water, open the valves at the inlet and outlet of the fishway in the dam;

[0041] The flat steel gate device on the dam crest, the steel plate on the overflow dam surface and the distributed eco-friendly power generation device are all placed in their initial state;

[0042] For flood discharge operation status:

[0043] During the flood season, when the reservoir water level is ≥ the reservoir flood control high water level, the distributed eco-friendly power generation device is retracted into the dam through the driving device;

[0044] Adjust the roller position so that the steel plate angle meets θ1=0°, (i≥2);

[0045] Close the valves at the inlet and outlet of the fishway in the dam;

[0046] Open the steel gate device and use the hoist to raise the flat steel gate to the highest point of the gate.

[0047] Beneficial effects of the present invention: Compared with the traditional overflow dam, it is more suitable for a variety of operating conditions. By making corresponding adjustments to the fishway in the dam, the rotating steel plate device on the dam surface, the distributed eco-friendly power generation device, and the steel gate device on the dam top, the optimal state of the overflow dam operation under different water levels and rainfall conditions can be achieved. The rotating steel plate device can adjust the angle and position of the steel plate according to different actual needs. When generating electricity on the dam surface, it acts as a guide wall to divert the flow; when pre-discharging floods and flood discharge, the steel plate angle can be adjusted according to the rules to better dissipate the energy of the water flow, improve the flow state of the water flow, and reduce the scouring of the downstream. The distributed eco-friendly power generation device is more flexible than the traditional fixed power generation device, and the position of the power generation device can be changed according to different water level conditions to maximize power generation. And according to the flood discharge requirements, the power generation device can be retracted into the dam through the telescopic device to improve the flatness of the dam surface and prevent cavitation from causing damage to the device. The fishway in the dam of the present invention not only realizes the fish passing function without being restricted by the water level, but also provides the necessary ecological water demand for the downstream during the dry season. The present invention is suitable for overflow dams in most areas and has strong practicality. Moreover, most devices are customized and directly installed on site, with a short construction period and labor cost savings. The present invention makes full use of the water energy of the overflow dam, and the generated electricity can supply the electrical devices of the overflow dam itself, and can also generate excess electricity to supply the devices in the surrounding environment, which is in line with the concept of environmental protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only for the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0049] Figure 1 The layout diagram of the present invention in operating state 1 on the overflow dam;

[0050] Figure 2 The layout diagram of the present invention in operating state 2 on the overflow dam;

[0051] Figure 3 The layout diagram of the present invention on the overflow dam when operating state 3 is rapid flood discharge;

[0052] Figure 4 The layout diagram of the present invention on the overflow dam operation state 3 when the reservoir water level is reduced to less than or equal to the reservoir gate bottom elevation;

[0053] Figure 5 The layout diagram of the present invention in operating state 4 on the overflow dam;

[0054] Figure 6 A flow chart of the method of operation of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 7 The layout diagram of the fishway of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 8 A top view of the fishway of the present invention;

[0057] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the fishway flow blocking device of the present invention;

[0058] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the valve of the present invention when half open;

[0059] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the valve of the present invention when fully open;

[0060] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the valve of the present invention when it is closed;

[0061] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the screw structure of the distributed eco-friendly power generation device of the present invention;

[0062] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of the structure of the distributed eco-friendly power generation device of the present invention;

[0063] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of the hydraulic telescopic rod of the steel plate device of the present invention when in operation;

[0064] Fig.16 A schematic diagram of the hydraulic telescopic rod of the steel plate device of the present invention when it is extended and retracted;

[0065] Fig.17 Schematic diagram of the sliding device of the steel plate device of the present invention.

[0066] The markings in the figure are:

[0067] 1. Fishway in the dam; 1-1. Water inlet valve; 1-1-1. Guide rod; 1-1-2. Stator assembly; 1-1-3. Blade assembly; 1-1-4. Rotor assembly; 1-1-5. Track; 1-2. Water outlet valve; 1-3. Flow sensor; 1-4. Fish attracting light; 1-5. Fish net at water inlet; 1-6. Fish net at water outlet; 1-7. Water grass; 1-8. Flow blocking device; 1-9. Pebbles; 2-1. Steel plate; 2-2. Rotating shaft; 2-3. Roller; 2-4. Slide rail; 2-5. Groove; 2-6. Oil Pump; 2-7, first-stage telescopic tube; 2-8, second-stage telescopic tube; 2-9, third-stage telescopic tube; 2-10, conveying pipeline; 2-11, cylinder; 3, distributed eco-friendly power generation device; 3-1, wavy blades; 3-2, rollers; 3-3-A, first collector box; 3-3-B, second collector box; 3-4, driving device; 3-5, thread; 3-6, nut; 3-7, screw; 4, overflow dam surface; 5, non-overflow dam surface; 6-1, gate hoist bridge; 6-2, gate hoist; 6-3, flat steel gate; 7, nose sill. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0069] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0070] The embodiment of the present specification provides a multifunctional overflow dam, including an overflow dam surface 4, a fishway 1 in the dam, a dam surface rotating steel plate device, and a distributed eco-friendly power generation device 3 and a control system, wherein the dam surface rotating steel plates 2-1 are provided in plurality, all of which are located on the overflow dam surface 4 and are sequentially arranged in a straight line at a certain interval to form a device group, and the device group is provided in a plurality of groups along the horizontal direction on the overflow dam surface 4, and the dam surface rotating steel plate device includes a steel plate 2-1, a roller 2-3 for enabling the steel plate 2-1 to rotate is provided at the end of the steel plate 2-1, and a groove 2-5 for the roller 2-3 to move is provided along the rotation track of the steel plate 2-1;

[0071] A plurality of distributed eco-friendly power generation devices 3 are provided, each of which is installed at each groove 2-5, and the distributed eco-friendly power generation device 3 is connected to a telescopic device for driving the distributed eco-friendly power generation device 3 to extend out of the overflow dam surface 4 and retract into the overflow dam surface 4;

[0072] The control system is used to control the rotation angle of each steel plate 2 - 1 and the telescopic state of the distributed eco-friendly power generation device 3 when the overflow dam is required to perform different functions.

[0073] The multifunctional overflow dam provided in the embodiment of this specification is more suitable for a variety of operating conditions compared with the traditional overflow dam. The fishway 1 in the dam, the rotating steel plate device on the dam surface, the distributed eco-friendly power generation device, and the steel gate device on the dam top are adjusted accordingly to achieve the best state of the overflow dam under different water levels and rainfall conditions. The rotating steel plate device can adjust the angle and position of the steel plate 2-1 according to different actual needs. When generating electricity on the dam surface, it acts as a guide wall to divert the flow; when pre-discharging floods and flood discharge, the angle of the steel plate 2-1 can be adjusted according to the rules to better dissipate the energy of the water flow, improve the flow state of the water flow, and reduce the scouring of the downstream. Compared with the traditional fixed power generation device, the distributed eco-friendly power generation device is more flexible and can change the position of the power generation device according to different water level conditions to maximize power generation. And according to the flood discharge requirements, the power generation device can be retracted into the dam through the telescopic device to improve the flatness of the dam surface and prevent cavitation from causing damage to the device. The fishway 1 in the dam of the present invention not only realizes the fish passing function without being restricted by the water level, but also can provide the necessary ecological water demand for the downstream during the dry season. The present invention is suitable for overflow dams in most areas and has strong practicality. Moreover, most devices are customized and directly installed on site, with a short construction period and labor cost savings. The present invention makes full use of the water energy of the overflow dam, and the generated electricity can supply the electrical devices of the overflow dam itself, and can also generate excess electricity to supply the devices in the surrounding environment, which is in line with the concept of environmental protection.

[0074] As an implementation mode, the control system is used to extend the distributed eco-friendly power generation device 3 out of the overflow dam surface 4 to generate electricity through the telescopic device when it is judged that the gate bottom elevation is ≤ the reservoir water level ≤ the reservoir flood control high water level, and the future inflow is predicted to be less than the flood control limit water level setting value;

[0075] When it is judged that the reservoir gate bottom elevation is ≤ the reservoir water level ≤ the reservoir flood control high water level, and the inflow at the future set time exceeds the flood control limit water level setting value, or the reservoir water level is ≥ the reservoir flood control high water level, the distributed eco-friendly power generation device 3 is retracted into the overflow dam surface 4 through the telescopic device, and the angle of each steel plate 2-1 is adjusted, such as moving the roller 2-3 along the slide rail 2-4 to make it meet the requirements.

[0076] θ1=0°, (i≥2), where θ i It is the angle between the steel plate 2-1 in the i-th row of rotating steel plate devices on the overflow dam surface 4 from the bottom to the top and the horizontal direction; n is the number of horizontal rows of rotating steel plate devices on the overflow dam surface 4, which can better dissipate the energy of the water flow, improve the flow state of the water flow, and reduce the scouring on the downstream.

[0077] As an implementation method, the height of the steel plate 2-1 is 1m, the length is 10m, and the initial state is at an angle of 8° to the horizontal. The steel plates 2-1 of each dam surface rotating steel plate device are arranged in a straight line with a spacing of 1m between each piece. The steel plate 2-1 is connected to a hydraulic expansion device, and the depth of the groove 2-5 is 0.3m. When the steel plate 2-1 is rotated to the horizontal, the steel plate 2-1 can be retracted into the groove 2-5 driven by the hydraulic expansion device, so as to facilitate the overflow dam to discharge floods.

[0078] As an implementation mode, the hydraulic telescopic device includes an oil pump 2-6, a delivery pipeline 2-10, a cylinder 2-11, a primary telescopic tube 2-7, a secondary telescopic tube 2-8 and a tertiary telescopic tube 2-9. When the steel plate 2-1 is pushed out, the oil pump 2-6 pressurizes the oil and then sends it to the cylinder 2-11 through the delivery pipeline 2-10, thereby changing the pressure in the cylinder 2-11, so that the primary telescopic tube 2-7, the secondary telescopic tube 2-8 and the tertiary telescopic tube 2-9 are pushed upward, thereby pushing the steel plate 2-1 to the dam surface;

[0079] When the steel plate 2-1 is retracted into the groove 2-5, the oil pump 2-6 is turned off, the cylinder 2-11 has no continuous pressure, and the third-level telescopic tube 2-9, the second-level telescopic tube 2-8 and the first-level telescopic tube 2-7 are successively retracted, thereby achieving the purpose of shrinking the steel plate 2-1.

[0080] As an implementation method, the distributed eco-friendly power generation device 3 includes a wavy blade 3-1, a roller 3-2, a first collector box 3-3-A and a second collector box 3-3-B. When generating electricity on the dam surface, the steel plate 2-1 collects the water flow and concentrates it on the wavy blade 3-1 above the groove 2-5, causing it to rotate around the roller 3-2 to generate electricity, and stores electricity in the first collector and the second collector on both sides of the roller 3-2. Since the wavy blade 3-1 of the power generation device of the present invention is different from the propeller or rotating blade of other power generation devices, the device can effectively prevent fish from being entangled in the blade and being injured, and the distributed eco-friendly power generation device can generate electricity uninterruptedly even in a low flow rate state. The specific structure is shown in Fig.14 The distributed eco-friendly power generation device is specifically arranged in the groove 2-5 on the dam surface, and the driving device 3-4 provides power to move the nut 3-6 along the thread 3-5 on the screw rod to control the lifting of the power generation device. The height of the power generation device on the overflow dam surface 4 can be adjusted according to different actual conditions.

[0081] As an implementation method, a screw 3-7 mechanism is provided below the distributed eco-friendly power generation device 3, and the screw 3-7 mechanism is connected to a driving device 3-4. The control system is used to provide power to drive the screw 3-7 mechanism through the driving device 3-4 to raise and lower the power generation device according to the height of the power generation device required when the overflow dam is in operation. The wavy blades 3-1 on the power generation device start to rotate around the roller 3-2 under the action of the water flow to generate electricity. At this time, the steel plate 2-1 is in the form of an initial guide wall structure, which is used to shrink and gather the water flow to concentrate the water flow to flush the distributed eco-friendly power generation device.

[0082] As an implementation mode, the overflow dam further includes a fishway 1 in the dam, the slope of the fishway 1 in the dam is 8-10°, the structure of the fishway 1 in the dam is S-shaped, and extends upward along the slope, the turning radius of the S-shaped turning point of the fishway 1 in the dam is 5R, which meets the design requirements of a near-natural bend, R is the radius of the inlet and outlet of the fishway 1 in the dam, the elevation of the inlet of the fishway 1 in the dam is 0.2m below the average low water level of the overflow dam, and the elevation of the outlet is 0.2m below the average low water level of the overflow dam;

[0083] Shutter mechanical structure valves are provided at the inlet and outlet of the fishway 1 in the dam, including an inlet valve 1-1 and an outlet valve 1-2. The flow rate in the fishway can be controlled by opening the valves from the middle to the surrounding areas. The structural design form is a shutter mechanical structure. Fish-attracting lights 1-4 are provided at each turn and inlet and outlet of the fishway 1 in the dam to induce fish to swim upstream along the pipeline, and the brightness of the lights can be controlled according to the habits of upstream fish. The water flow rate can be further monitored in real time through the flow rate sensor 1-3, and the flow rate at the water inlet can be controlled within the range of not less than 0.2m / s and not higher than the limit flow rate of the main fish passing objects.

[0084] Furthermore, the main components of the valve are the stator assembly 1-1-2, the rotor assembly 1-1-4 and the blade assembly 1-1-3. The stator assembly 1-1-2 is mainly used to install and fix the valve structure, so that the rotor assembly 1-1-4 can move relative to the stator assembly 1-1-2. The rotor assembly 1-1-4 drives the guide rod 1-1-1 to move along the track 1-1-5, thereby driving the blade assembly 1-1-3 to control the opening and closing of the valve.

[0085] According to different requirements of the fishway, an inlet fish blocking net 1-5 and an outlet fish blocking net 1-6 can be installed at the inlet and outlet of the fishway.

[0086] As an implementation method, each section of the fishway is staggered with "concave" shaped blocking devices 1-8, and the length of the blocking devices 1-8 is The width is 50cm, and the height is the same as the inner diameter of the fishway. The width of the "concave" inwardly concave part is 20cm, and the distance from the two sides of the flow blocking device 1-8 is 10cm. Furthermore, soil can be filled in the "concave" gap and water plants 1-7 can be planted. The function of the flow blocking device 1-8 is to improve the flow state of the water in the fishway, increase the head loss of the fishway, and further reduce the flow rate of the fishway so that it can be controlled within the optimal flow rate range for fish migration. At the same time, when the fish have no physical strength to migrate, the flow blocking device 1-8 can also serve as a temporary rest room, and the water plants 1-7 can be used as energy supplements. In order to increase the roughness, pebbles 1-9 can be laid on the inner wall of the fishway.

[0087] Assume that the dead water level in front of the overflow dam is H1, and the lowest water level behind the dam is H2. Then the elevation of the water inlet of fishway 1 is H1', ​​and the elevation of the water outlet is H2'. Most migratory fish are small and medium-sized fish. The most suitable flow velocity for fish migration at the water inlet is v 适宜 , the maximum flow velocity that fish can withstand during migration is v 最大 , if it is assumed that the flow rates at the inlet and outlet of the fishway are equal.

[0088] The elevation difference of the fishway is △z=H1'-H2'.

[0089] Taking the center of the fishway outlet as the reference plane, take the inlet and outlet of fishway 1 and list the energy equation

[0090]

[0091] From the above formula, it can be seen that the number of flow blocking devices 1-8 should be set according to the actual difference in dead water level elevation between the upstream and downstream of the overflow dam. If the difference in dead water level elevation between the upstream and downstream of the overflow dam is large, then according to the formula, △z is large, then The value of must also be very large, so the number of flow blocking devices 1-8 must also be increased. At the same time, in order to increase the roughness, more pebbles 1-9 must be laid.

[0092] Where n is the number of flow-blocking devices 1-8, ξ is the local head loss coefficient, ζ 阻流装置 is the local head loss coefficient of the flow-blocking device 1-8, λ is the head loss coefficient along the way, p1 and p2 are the upstream and downstream pressures, respectively, h j is the local head loss, h f is the head loss along the way, l is the length of the fishway, d is the diameter of the fishway, z1 and z2 are the water levels of the upstream and downstream sections respectively, α is the kinetic energy correction coefficient, v1 and v2 are the flow velocities of the upstream and downstream sections respectively, ρ is the density of the water flow in the fishway, g is the acceleration of gravity, and v 适宜 is the flow velocity most suitable for fish migration, v 最大 is the maximum flow velocity that fish can withstand during migration, and △z is the elevation difference of the fishway.

[0093] As an implementation mode, the spillway also includes a steel gate device arranged on the top of the dam, and the steel gate device includes a hoist bridge 6-1 and a flat steel gate 6-3. A hoist 6-2 is arranged on the hoist bridge 6-1 for raising and lowering the flat steel gate 6-3, and the opening of the flat steel gate 6-3 is controlled to change the downstream flow rate, discharge flood water or rise to a position where the gate downstream flow rate is within the power generation flow range.

[0094] There is also a 20° nose sill at the end of the overflow dam. This angle of the nose sill can effectively prevent the fish from rushing into the sky and causing great damage.

[0095] The embodiment of this specification also provides an operation method of the multifunctional overflow dam, comprising the following steps:

[0096] Operation status 1: For ecological water release operation status:

[0097] When the dead water level of the reservoir is ≤ the reservoir water level ≤ the sluice gate bottom elevation during the non-flood season, the steel gate device on the dam top, the steel plate 2-1 on the overflow dam surface 4 and the distributed eco-friendly power generation device are all in the initial state;

[0098] The valve opening of the fishway inlet and outlet is controlled to control the flow rate at the water inlet to be not less than 0.2m / s and not higher than the limiting flow rate of the main fish passage object. At the same time, according to the migratory habits of local fish, the brightness of the fish attracting lights 1-4 in the fishway is controlled to attract fish to migrate, so that fish can pass through when the water level is relatively low, solving the problem that the fishway on the overflow dam surface 4 cannot pass fish when the water level is low. At the same time, it can also provide the necessary ecological water demand for the downstream during the dry season.

[0099] Operation status 2: For dam surface power generation operation status:

[0100] When the reservoir gate bottom elevation ≤ reservoir water level ≤ reservoir flood control high water level, and it is in the non-flood season, or in the flood season, but according to the prediction of the rainfall data monitoring system, the future inflow is less than the set value of the flood control limit water level, the overflow dam will generate electricity on the dam surface;

[0101] The distributed eco-friendly power generation device 3 is raised to a suitable power generation height on the overflow dam surface 4 by providing power through the driving device 3-4, so that the wave-shaped blades 3-1 on the power generation device rotate around the roller 3-2 under the action of the water flow to generate electricity. At this time, the steel plate 2-1 is in the initial guide wall structure form, which is used to shrink and collect the water flow, concentrate the water flow to flush the distributed eco-friendly power generation device 3, and store electricity in the first collector box 3-3-A and the second collector box 3-3-B;

[0102] The steel gate device controls the opening of the plane steel gate 6-3 through the hoist 6-2 to change the discharge flow rate and raise it to a position where the gate discharge flow rate is within the power generation flow range;

[0103] Control the valve opening of the inlet and outlet of the fishway 1 in the dam, and control the flow rate at the water inlet to be no less than 0.2m / s and no higher than the limiting flow rate of the main fish passing objects. At the same time, according to the migratory habits of local fish, control the brightness of the fish attracting lights 1-4 in the fishway to attract fish to migrate.

[0104] Operation state 3: For pre-discharge flood operation state:

[0105] When the reservoir gate bottom elevation is ≤ reservoir water level ≤ reservoir flood control high water level during the flood season, and according to the prediction of the rainfall data monitoring system, the future inflow exceeds the set value of the flood control limit water level, the overflow dam needs to pre-discharge the flood;

[0106] The distributed eco-friendly power generation device 3 is retracted into the overflow dam by providing power through the driving device 3-4;

[0107] Adjust the position of roller 2-3 so that the angle of steel plate 2-1 meets θ1=0°, (i≥2), where θ i is the angle between the steel plate 2-1 in the i-th row of rotating steel plate devices on the overflow dam surface 4 and the horizontal direction; n is the number of horizontal rows of rotating steel plate devices on the overflow dam surface 4;

[0108] Close the valves at the inlet and outlet of fishway 1 in the dam;

[0109] Open the steel gate device and raise the flat steel gate 6-3 to the highest position of the gate through the hoist 6-2;

[0110] When the reservoir water level is ≤ the reservoir gate bottom elevation, if it is necessary to continue pre-discharging flood water, open the inlet and outlet valves 1-2 of the fishway 1 in the dam;

[0111] The steel gate device on the dam top, the steel plate 2 - 1 on the overflow dam surface 4 and the distributed eco-friendly power generation device 3 are all placed in the initial state.

[0112] Operation state 4: For flood discharge operation state:

[0113] When it is flood season and the reservoir water level is ≥ the reservoir flood control high water level, the distributed eco-friendly power generation device 3 is retracted into the dam through the driving device 3-4;

[0114] Adjust the position of roller 2-3 so that the angle of steel plate 2-1 meets

[0115] θ1=0°, (i≥2);

[0116] Close the inlet and outlet valves of fishway 1 in the dam;

[0117] Open the steel gate device, use the hoist 6-2 to raise the flat steel gate 6-3 to the highest point of the gate, and quickly discharge the flood.

[0118] The operation process of the present invention is shown in Figure 6 The present invention collects the current reservoir water level, rainfall, and reservoir storage capacity information in real time through the reservoir water and rainfall data monitoring system, determines whether it is during the flood season, and sends the reservoir information to the expert system in real time. When the reservoir water level is ≥ the high flood control water level of the reservoir during the flood season, the overflow dam functions as a flood discharge state, and the expert system issues a command of operation state 4 to execute corresponding device changes; when the reservoir dead water level is ≤ the reservoir water level ≤ the sluice gate bottom elevation during the non-flood season, the overflow dam functions as an ecological water release state, and the expert system issues a command of operation state 1 to execute corresponding device changes; when the reservoir gate bottom elevation is ≤ the reservoir water level ≤ the high flood control water level of the reservoir, and it is during the non-flood season, or during the flood season, but according to the prediction of the rainfall data monitoring system, the future rainfall and inflow are small, the overflow dam functions as a power generation state, and the expert system issues a command of operation state 2 to execute corresponding device changes; when the reservoir gate bottom elevation is ≤ the reservoir water level ≤ the high flood control water level of the reservoir, and it is during the flood season, and according to the prediction of the rainfall data monitoring system, the future rainfall and inflow are large, the overflow dam functions as a pre-flood discharge state, and the expert system issues a command of operation state 3 to execute corresponding device changes. If each operating device is operating normally, real-time information can be updated to adjust the operating status in time; if a part of the operating device has a problem, the device will stop running and send a fault text message to the employee's mobile phone for subsequent maintenance.

[0119] The present invention can adjust the opening and closing degree of the valve at the inlet and outlet of the fishway 1 in the dam, the angle of the rotating steel plate device on the dam surface, the position of the distributed eco-friendly power generation device, and the opening and closing of the steel gate device on the dam top according to the different water levels, water volumes and rainfall conditions of the reservoir, so as to realize four overflow dam operation states of ecological water release, dam surface power generation, pre-flood discharge, and flood discharge. The overflow dam can realize the functions of fish passing, power generation, flood discharge, and energy dissipation. The present invention places the fishway inside the overflow dam, effectively utilizes the space of the overflow dam, and separates the fish passing function from other functions. In addition to being used for the opening and closing of the fishway valve, the opening and closing of the dam top gate, and the control device of the entire dam, the electric energy collected in the power generation condition can also be used in the electric devices in the surrounding areas with excess electric energy, so that the water energy can be fully utilized and other energy consumption can be saved.

[0120] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples. Under the concept of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0121] The present invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional overflow dam, characterized in that: It includes overflow dam surface, fishway inside the dam, rotating steel plate device on the dam surface, distributed eco-friendly power generation device and control system; The dam surface rotating steel plate device is provided in a plurality, all of which are located on the overflow dam surface and are sequentially arranged in a straight line at a certain interval to form a device group, and the device group is provided in a plurality of groups in a horizontal direction on the overflow dam surface, and the dam surface rotating steel plate device comprises a steel plate, and rollers for enabling the steel plate to rotate are provided at the end of the steel plate, and grooves for the rollers to move are provided along the rotation track of the steel plate; The distributed eco-friendly power generation device is provided in a plurality of units, each of which is installed at each of the grooves, and each of which is connected to a telescopic device for driving the distributed eco-friendly power generation device to extend out of the overflow dam surface and retract into the overflow dam surface; The control system is used to control the rotation angle of each of the steel plates and the telescopic state of the distributed eco-friendly power generation device when the overflow dam is required to perform different functions; The control system is used to extend the distributed eco-friendly power generation device to the overflow dam surface to generate electricity through the telescopic device when it is judged that the reservoir gate bottom elevation is ≤ the reservoir water level ≤ the reservoir flood control high water level, and the future inflow is predicted to be less than the flood control limit water level setting value; When it is judged that the reservoir gate bottom elevation is ≤ reservoir water level ≤ reservoir flood control high water level, and the inflow at the future set time exceeds the flood control limit water level setting value, or the reservoir water level is ≥ reservoir flood control high water level, the distributed eco-friendly power generation device is retracted into the overflow dam surface through the telescopic device, and the angle of each steel plate is adjusted to meet θ1=0°, where θ i is the angle between the steel plate in the i-th row of rotating steel plate devices on the overflow dam surface and the horizontal direction; n is the number of horizontal rows of rotating steel plate devices on the overflow dam surface; The distributed eco-friendly power generation device comprises wavy blades, rollers, a first collector box and a second collector box. When generating electricity on the dam surface, the steel plate collects the water flow and washes the wavy blades above the groove, causing them to start rotating around the rollers to generate electricity, and the electricity is stored in the first collector box and the second collector box on both sides of the rollers. A screw mechanism is provided below the distributed eco-friendly power generation device, the screw mechanism is connected to a driving device, and the control system is used to drive the screw mechanism to lift the power generation device by providing power through the driving device according to the required height of the power generation device during the operation of the overflow dam; The overflow dam also includes a steel gate device arranged on the dam top, the steel gate device includes a hoist bridge and a flat steel gate, and the hoist bridge is provided with a hoist for lifting and lowering the flat steel gate; A 20° nose ridge is also provided at the end of the overflow dam.

2. The multifunctional overflow dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the steel plate is 1m, the length is 10m, and the initial angle with the horizontal is 8°. The steel plates of each dam surface rotating steel plate device are arranged in a straight line with a spacing of 1m between each plate. The steel plates are connected to a hydraulic expansion device. The depth of the groove is 0.3m, so that when the steel plate is rotated to the horizontal, the steel plate can be retracted into the groove driven by the hydraulic expansion device.

3. The multifunctional overflow dam according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydraulic expansion and contraction device comprises an oil pump, a delivery pipeline, a cylinder, a primary expansion and contraction tube, a secondary expansion and contraction tube and a tertiary expansion and contraction tube. When the steel plate is pushed out, the oil pump pressurizes the oil and then sends it to the cylinder through the delivery pipeline, thereby changing the pressure in the cylinder to push the primary expansion and contraction tube, the secondary expansion and contraction tube and the tertiary expansion and contraction tube to extend upward, thereby pushing the steel plate to the dam surface. When the steel plate is retracted into the groove, the oil pump is turned off, and there is no continuous pressure on the cylinder, and the third-level telescopic tube, the second-level telescopic tube and the first-level telescopic tube are successively retracted to shrink the steel plate.

4. The multifunctional overflow dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overflow dam also includes a fishway in the dam, the slope of the fishway in the dam is 8-10°, the structure of the fishway in the dam is S-shaped, and extends upward along the slope, the turning radius of the S-shaped fishway in the dam is 5R, R is the radius of the inlet and outlet of the fishway in the dam, the elevation of the inlet of the fishway in the dam is 0.2m below the average low water level of the overflow dam, and the elevation of the outlet is 0.2m below the average low water level of the overflow dam; The inlet and outlet of the fishway in the dam are all provided with shutter mechanical structure valves, which can control the flow rate in the fishway by opening the valve from the middle to the surrounding areas. Each turning point and inlet and outlet of the fishway in the dam are provided with fish attracting lights.

5. The multifunctional overflow dam according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each section of the fishway is staggered with "concave" shaped blocking devices, the length of which is The width is 50cm, the height is the same as the inner diameter of the fishway, the width of the "concave" part is 20cm, and the distance from both sides of the flow blocking device is 10cm; The number of flow blocking devices is Where n is the number of flow-blocking devices, ξ is the local head loss coefficient, ζ 阻流装置 is the local head loss coefficient of the flow-blocking device, λ is the head loss coefficient along the flow path, p1 and p2 are the upstream and downstream pressures, respectively, and h j is the local head loss, h f is the head loss along the way, l is the length of the fishway, d is the diameter of the fishway, z1z2 are the water levels of the upstream and downstream sections, α is the kinetic energy correction coefficient, v1v2 are the flow velocities of the upstream and downstream sections, ρ is the density of the fishway water flow, g is the gravitational acceleration, and v 适宜 is the flow velocity most suitable for fish migration, v 最大 is the maximum flow velocity that fish can withstand during migration, and △z is the elevation difference of the fishway.

6. A method for operating the multifunctional overflow dam according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising: For the operation status of ecological water release: When the dead water level of the reservoir is ≤ the reservoir water level ≤ the sluice gate bottom elevation during the non-flood season, the flat steel gate device on the dam top, the steel plate on the overflow dam surface and the distributed eco-friendly power generation device are all in the initial state; Control the opening of the valves at the inlet and outlet of the fishway to control the flow rate at the inlet to no less than 0.2m / s and no higher than the limiting flow rate of the main fish passage. At the same time, according to the migratory habits of local fish, control the brightness of the fish-attracting lights in the fishway to attract fish to migrate, so that fish can still pass through when the water level is relatively low; For the dam surface power generation operation status: When the reservoir gate bottom elevation ≤ reservoir water level ≤ reservoir flood control high water level, and it is in the non-flood season, or in the flood season, but according to the prediction of the rainfall data monitoring system, the future inflow is less than the set value of the flood control limit water level, the overflow dam will generate electricity on the dam surface; The distributed eco-friendly power generation device is raised to a suitable power generation height on the overflow dam surface by providing power through the driving device, so that the wave-shaped blades on the power generation device rotate around the roller under the action of the water flow to generate electricity. At this time, the steel plate is in the initial guide wall structure form, which is used to shrink and collect the water flow, concentrate the water flow to flush the distributed eco-friendly power generation device, and store electricity in the first collector box and the second collector box; The steel gate device controls the opening of the plane steel gate through the hoist to change the discharge flow and raise it to a position where the discharge flow of the gate is within the power generation flow range; Control the valve opening of the inlet and outlet of the fishway in the dam, and control the flow rate at the inlet to be no less than 0.2m / s and no higher than the limiting flow rate of the main fish passage. At the same time, control the brightness of the fish attracting lights in the fishway according to the migratory habits of local fish; For pre-discharge flood operation status: When the reservoir gate bottom elevation is ≤ reservoir water level ≤ reservoir flood control high water level during the flood season, and according to the prediction of the rainfall data monitoring system, the future inflow exceeds the set value of the flood control limit water level, the overflow dam needs to pre-discharge the flood; Providing power through a driving device to retract the distributed eco-friendly power generation device into the overflow dam; Adjust the roller position so that the steel plate angle meets θ1=0°, where θ i is the angle between the steel plate in the i-th row of rotating steel plate devices on the overflow dam surface and the horizontal direction; n is the number of horizontal rows of rotating steel plate devices on the overflow dam surface; Close the valves at the inlet and outlet of the fishway in the dam; Open the steel gate device and raise the flat steel gate to the highest position of the gate through the hoist; When the reservoir water level is ≤ the reservoir gate bottom elevation, if it is necessary to continue pre-discharging flood water, open the valves at the inlet and outlet of the fishway in the dam; The flat steel gate device on the dam crest, the steel plate on the overflow dam surface and the distributed eco-friendly power generation device are all placed in their initial state; For flood discharge operation status: During the flood season, when the reservoir water level is ≥ the reservoir flood control high water level, the distributed eco-friendly power generation device is retracted into the dam through the driving device; Adjust the roller position so that the steel plate angle meets θ1=0°, Close the valves at the inlet and outlet of the fishway in the dam; Open the steel gate device and use the hoist to raise the flat steel gate to the highest point of the gate.

Images