A two-stage anti-torque bent screw orientation tool

Abstract

The present invention is a two-stage anti-torque bent screw directional tool. The existing bent screw directional technology has technical problems such as large friction, difficult wellbore trajectory control, and low drilling speed, which restrict the economic, safe, and long-term development of oil and gas. In order to solve the above problems, a two-stage anti-torque bent screw directional tool is invented, which consists of a primary clutch mechanism and a secondary clutch mechanism, wherein the primary clutch mechanism and the secondary clutch mechanism are both composed of batteries, battery compartments, pressure sensors, solenoid valves, main bodies, plugs, pistons, external gear cylinders, internal gear cylinders, transmission cylinders, connecting cylinders, bearings, limit cylinders, lower joints, thrust bearings, battery compartments, circuit boards, cover plates and other parts. The present invention has the advantages of high tool face angle control accuracy, high drill pipe speed, low risk of drill sticking, and low cost, and can effectively solve the technical problems of difficult wellbore trajectory control and low drilling speed of bent screw directional.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of oil and gas drilling engineering, and in particular to a two-stage anti-torque bent screw directional tool. Background Art

[0002] Horizontal well technology is the main technology for developing deep and unconventional oil and gas resources. Horizontal well drilling requires wellbore trajectory guidance control. Currently, horizontal well guidance drilling includes two types: rotary guidance and bent screw sliding guidance. The rotary guidance tool has a complex structure and high cost; the outer diameter of the rotary guidance tool is large. At present, the diameter of the wellbore of most production wells is 215.9mm, and the maximum diameter of the rotary guidance is 210mm. The clearance is less than 6mm, which is very easy to cause cuttings to get stuck and bury the drill.

[0003] Based on the above factors, horizontal well guidance is still mainly based on bent screw sliding guidance. During the bent screw sliding guidance process, the drill string does not rotate, and the large friction resistance of the drill string is very easy to "support pressure", resulting in the ineffective transmission of drilling pressure. The mechanical drilling speed is usually only 1 / 10 to 1 / 5 of that of rotary drilling; "support pressure" makes it difficult to adjust and control the tool face, and the drilling time efficiency is reduced by more than 30%.

[0004] Drill string rotation is one of the most effective means to solve the "support pressure" problem. For example, the drill string torsion system based on the reciprocating rotation of the drill string can increase the speed by more than 30%, but this system cannot be applied to deep wells, and the speed increase is limited for wells deeper than 3000m. A Canadian company has developed a twin-screw clutch. One screw in the tool provides rock-breaking torque for the drill bit, and the other screw resists the counter-torque transmitted to the drill pipe by the drill bit breaking the rock. However, the pressure consumption of the tool is 5-10MPa higher than that of the conventional drill bit combination, which cannot meet the requirements of the on-site working conditions, and the tool face cannot be accurately controlled. There has been no engineering application test. Sichuan Qing Drilling, Chengdu University of Technology and other domestic companies have carried out research on isolated drill string rotation technology, realizing the functions of "separation" and "engagement" of the drill string. However, there are still problems such as uncontrollable tool faces and excessive length of the lower static drill bit (more than 700 meters). The curved screw sliding guide still has three major technical bottlenecks: difficulty in controlling the wellbore trajectory, low drilling rate and pure drilling time, and high risk of stuck drill.

[0005] Patents CN201910386427.2, US9109402B1, etc. invented a twin-screw directional structure, in which one screw is used to break rocks and the other screw is used to resist the reverse torque. This solution consumes energy and pressure of the twin screws, and the performance of the ground mud pump is limited, so it has not been applied. It is also a purely mechanical directional structure, and the tool face control is extremely difficult. Patents CN201710028105.1, US5458208, CN 2651413Y, CN105525875A, etc. invented a clutch mechanism, but these clutch mechanisms perform a clutch operation with a large rotation angle of more than 30°, and the tool face control accuracy is low. Due to the limitation of mechanical performance, the clutch time is long, so the drill pipe speed is low, which is difficult to adapt to high speed requirements.

[0006] Therefore, it is urgent to invent a directional system with controllable tool face angle, high control accuracy, high rotation speed, low risk of drill sticking and low cost, so as to effectively solve technical bottlenecks such as "support pressure" of drill string and difficulty in controlling wellbore trajectory, and significantly reduce the difficulty of directional operations. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, a two-stage anti-torque bent screw orientation tool is invented, which is composed of a primary clutch mechanism (100) and a secondary clutch mechanism (200). The primary clutch mechanism (100) and the secondary clutch mechanism (200) have the same structural composition and both include the following components: a fixing screw A (1), a battery plug (2), a cover plate (3), a circuit board (4), a battery (5), a battery compartment (6), a pressure sensor (7), a solenoid valve (8), a body (14), a plug (15), a fixing screw B (17), a piston (18), an outer gear cylinder (20), an inner gear cylinder (21), a transmission cylinder (22), a bearing A (23), a limit cylinder (24), a bearing B (25), a lower joint (26), a connecting cylinder (27), and a diamond composite sheet (28);

[0008] The lower connector (26) of the primary clutch mechanism (100) is connected to the battery compartment (6) of the secondary clutch mechanism (200) via threads;

[0009] The battery compartment (6) is threadedly connected to the body (14), the body (14) is threadedly connected to the upper end of the inner gear cylinder (21), and the lower end of the inner gear cylinder (21) is threadedly connected to the limit cylinder (24);

[0010] The plug (15) is threadedly connected to the upper end of the outer gear cylinder (20), the spline A (2002) at the lower end of the outer gear cylinder (20) is spline-connected to the spline B (2201) at the upper end of the transmission cylinder (22), the lower end of the transmission cylinder (22) is threadedly connected to the upper end of the connecting cylinder (27), and the lower end of the connecting cylinder (27) is threadedly connected to the lower joint (26);

[0011] The inner gear cylinder (21) is processed with a step A (2101) for limiting the position of the outer gear cylinder (20);

[0012] The outer gear cylinder (20) is processed with a step B (2003) for cooperating with the step A (2101) to limit the position;

[0013] A bearing A (23) is assembled between the connecting cylinder (27) and the limiting cylinder (24);

[0014] A bearing B (25) is assembled between the body connecting cylinder (27) and the body (14);

[0015] The piston (18) is assembled in a cavity formed by the plug (15) and the internal gear cylinder (21), and the piston (18) is fixed to the body (14) by means of a fixing screw B (17);

[0016] The pressure sensor (7) and the solenoid valve (8) are connected to the body (14) via threads.

[0017] The tool is composed of 2 to 4 primary clutch mechanisms (100) or secondary clutch mechanisms (200), and meets different control accuracy and drill rod rotation speed requirements.

[0018] The battery compartment (6) is processed with 4 to 8 battery installation holes, and 4 to 8 batteries (5) are installed therein to meet different power requirements.

[0019] The cover plate (3) is composed of a signal channel (3001) and a cover plate body (3002); the signal channel (3001) is made of ceramic material and is sintered on the cover plate body (3002) to provide a signal channel for wireless electromagnetic wave transmission.

[0020] The inner gear cylinder (21) is processed with 1 to 3 radial through holes for balancing the internal pressure of the cavity formed by the inner gear cylinder (20) and the body (14); the limit cylinder (24) is processed with 1 to 3 radial through holes (29) for lubricating the bearing group (13) and balancing the internal pressure of the cavity formed by the limit cylinder (24) and the body (14).

[0021] A combined sealing system of a dust ring (1801), a sealing ring (1802) and a supporting ring (1803) is installed on the inside and outside of the piston (18) to isolate the pressure of the hydraulic chamber (16) above the piston and the hydraulic chamber (19) below the piston.

[0022] The lower end of the body (14) and the upper end of the lower joint (26) are sintered with a diamond composite sheet (28) to reduce the friction coefficient between the body (14) and the lower joint (26) and increase the wear resistance of the body (14) and the lower joint (26).

[0023] The upper end of the limiting cylinder (24) is welded and fixed to the joint of the outer gear cylinder (20), which prevents the limiting cylinder (24) from falling off, avoids the risk of the transfer cylinder (22) and the lower joint (26) falling off due to the loosening of the limiting cylinder (24), and further avoids the falling off of other drilling tools.

[0024] The solenoid valve (8) is a two-position four-way solenoid valve, or a solenoid valve group that can achieve the same function.

[0025] The inner gear cylinder (21) is machined with rectangular teeth A (2102) in both the axial and circumferential directions, and the outer gear cylinder (20) is machined with rectangular teeth B (2001) in both the axial and circumferential directions, and the number of rectangular teeth A (2102) and rectangular teeth B (2001) is the same.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0027] (1) The tool face angle control accuracy is high. By using the secondary clutch module to control different angles, the tool face angle control accuracy of 20-30° of the primary clutch module can be reduced to within 5°.

[0028] (2) The drill pipe has a high rotation speed. The present invention has two or more clutch modules, and the overall clutch frequency of the tool is relatively high. Theoretically, if there is one more clutch module, the rotation speed is doubled, which can provide a higher rotation speed for the drill pipe.

[0029] (3) The risk of drill sticking is low. For example, for a 215.9 mm borehole, the minimum outer diameter of the present invention can be 165 mm, while the outer diameter of a conventional rotary steering tool is 210 mm. Compared with conventional rotary steering tools, the risk of drill sticking of the present invention is significantly reduced.

[0030] (4) Low cost. The present invention has a simple structure and does not involve components such as high-temperature and high-pressure motors, pumps, and pressure compensation pup joints, thus resulting in lower costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is the schematic diagram of the secondary anti-torque bent screw orientation tool.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal gear cylinder.

[0033] Figure 3 This is the axonometric view of the external gear cylinder.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the outer gear cylinder.

[0035] Figure 5 This is the axonometric view of the transfer cylinder.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the piston.

[0037] Figure 7Schematic diagram of drilling with a two-stage anti-torque bent screw directional tool.

[0038] In the figure: 1-fixing screw A, 2-battery plug, 3-cover, 3001-signal channel, 3002-cover body, 4-circuit board, 5-battery, 6-battery compartment, 7-pressure sensor, 8-solenoid valve, 9-hydraulic channel of solenoid valve P port, 10-hydraulic channel of pressure sensor, 11-hydraulic channel of solenoid valve A port, 12-hydraulic channel of solenoid valve B port, 13-hydraulic channel of solenoid valve T port, 14-body, 15-plug, 16-hydraulic chamber on piston, 17-fixing screw B, 18-piston, 1801-dust ring, 1802-seal Ring, 1803-support ring, 19-hydraulic chamber under the piston, 20-external gear cylinder, 2001-rectangular tooth B, 2002-spline A, 2003-step B, 21-inner gear cylinder, 2101-step A, 2102-rectangular tooth A, 22-transmission cylinder, 2201-spline B, 23-bearing A, 24-limiting cylinder, 25-bearing B, 26-lower joint, 27-connecting cylinder, 28-diamond composite plate, 29-radial through hole, 30-drill rod, 31-bent screw, 32-drill bit, 100-primary clutch mechanism, 200-secondary clutch mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0040] 1. By Figure 1 to Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a two-stage anti-torque bent screw orientation tool, which is composed of a primary clutch mechanism (100) and a secondary clutch mechanism (200), wherein the primary clutch mechanism (100) and the secondary clutch mechanism (200) are both composed of a fixing screw A (1), a battery plug (2), a cover plate (3), a circuit board (4), a battery (5), a battery compartment (6), a pressure sensor (7), a solenoid valve (8), a body (14), a plug (15), a fixing screw B (17), a piston (18), an outer gear cylinder (20), an inner gear cylinder (21), a transmission cylinder (22), a bearing A (23), a limit cylinder (24), a bearing B (25), a lower joint (26), a connecting cylinder (27), and a diamond composite sheet (28);

[0041] The lower connector (26) of the primary clutch mechanism (100) is connected to the battery compartment (6) of the secondary clutch mechanism (200) via threads;

[0042] The battery compartment (6) is threadedly connected to the body (14), the body (14) is threadedly connected to the upper end of the inner gear cylinder (21), and the lower end of the inner gear cylinder (21) is threadedly connected to the limit cylinder (24);

[0043] The plug (15) is threadedly connected to the upper end of the outer gear cylinder (20), the spline A (2002) at the lower end of the outer gear cylinder (20) is spline-connected to the spline B (2201) at the upper end of the transmission cylinder (22), the lower end of the transmission cylinder (22) is threadedly connected to the upper end of the connecting cylinder (27), and the lower end of the connecting cylinder (27) is threadedly connected to the lower joint (26);

[0044] The inner gear cylinder (21) is processed with a step A (2101) for limiting the position of the outer gear cylinder (20);

[0045] The outer gear cylinder (20) is processed with a step B (2003) for cooperating with the step A (2101) to limit the position;

[0046] A bearing A (23) is assembled between the connecting cylinder (27) and the limiting cylinder (24);

[0047] A bearing B (25) is assembled between the body connecting cylinder (27) and the body (14);

[0048] The piston (18) is assembled in a cavity formed by the plug (15) and the internal gear cylinder (21), and the piston (18) is fixed to the body (14) by means of a fixing screw B (17);

[0049] The pressure sensor (7) and the solenoid valve (8) are connected to the body (14) via threads.

[0050] Specifically, after the secondary anti-torque bent screw directional tool is assembled and debugged on the ground, it is lowered to the bottom of the well. If directional operation is required, the ground mud pulse emits a mud pulse signal of the target tool angle A. The pressure sensor (7) of the secondary clutch mechanism (200) receives the mud pressure pulse of the target tool face angle A. The circuit board (4) of the secondary clutch mechanism (200) measures the current tool face angle B in real time, calculates the rotation speed of the drill pipe (30) according to the change law of the previous tool face angle B, and the circuit board (4) of the secondary clutch mechanism (200) allocates clutch frequencies N1 and N2 to the primary clutch mechanism (100) and the secondary clutch mechanism (200) according to the rotation speed. The circuit board (4) of the secondary clutch mechanism (200) emits a wireless electromagnetic wave signal of the clutch frequency N1 for the primary clutch mechanism (100), and the wireless electromagnetic wave signal can pass through the signal channel (3001) sintered on the cover plate body (3002), and the circuit board (4) of the primary clutch mechanism (100) receives the clutch frequency N1 signal. The circuit board (4) in the primary clutch mechanism (100) controls the electromagnetic valve (8) in the primary clutch mechanism (100) to switch on and off according to N1, thereby controlling the clutch of the primary clutch mechanism (100). At the same time, the circuit board (18) in the secondary clutch mechanism (200) controls the switching frequency of the electromagnetic valve (8) in the secondary clutch mechanism (200). The circuit board (4) in the secondary clutch mechanism (200) adjusts the switching frequency of the electromagnetic valve (8) in the secondary clutch mechanism (200) in real time by comparing the target tool face angle A and measuring the error of the current tool face angle B in real time, thereby achieving the target tool face angle A to meet the drilling requirements.

[0051] Specifically, since the piston (18) is fixed to the body (14) by the fixing screw B (17), when the upper hydraulic chamber (16) of the piston is under high pressure and the lower hydraulic chamber (19) of the piston is under low pressure, the outer gear cylinder (20) moves downward, and when the upper hydraulic chamber (16) of the piston is under low pressure and the lower hydraulic chamber (19) of the piston is under high pressure, the outer gear cylinder (20) moves upward. During orientation, the solenoid valve (8) controls the high-pressure mud in the secondary anti-torque bent screw orientation tool and the low-pressure mud in the annulus to alternately enter the upper hydraulic chamber (16) of the piston and the lower hydraulic chamber (19) of the piston, and under the alternating action of high and low pressures, the outer gear cylinder (20) moves back and forth up and down. At the same time, the counterclockwise reaction torque generated by the drill bit (32) breaking the rock is transmitted to the lower joint (26) through the bent screw rod, and the lower joint (26) transmits the counterclockwise torque to the connecting tube (27), and the connecting tube (27) transmits the counterclockwise torque to the transmission tube (22), and the transmission tube (22) transmits the counterclockwise torque to the outer gear tube (20). Under the combined action of the counterclockwise torque and the up and down movement, the outer gear tube (20) repeatedly engages and disengages with the inner gear tube (21). After each engagement and disengagement, the outer gear tube (20) rotates counterclockwise by a certain angle, thereby offsetting the clockwise rotation angle of the drill rod (30), thereby realizing dynamic control of the tool face angle.

[0052] Specifically, if directional drilling is not required, the ground mud pulse transmits a "stop directional drilling" mud pulse signal, and the pressure sensor (7) of the secondary clutch mechanism (200) receives the "stop directional drilling" mud pressure pulse signal. The circuit board (4) of the secondary clutch mechanism (200) transmits a "stop directional drilling" radio electromagnetic wave signal for the primary clutch mechanism (100), and the radio electromagnetic wave signal can pass through the signal channel (3001) sintered on the cover plate body (3002), and the circuit board (18) of the primary clutch mechanism (100) receives the "stop directional drilling" radio electromagnetic wave signal. The circuit board (18) of the primary clutch mechanism (100) controls the electromagnetic valve (8) to cut off power and stop directional drilling. At the same time, the circuit board (4) of the secondary clutch mechanism (200) controls the electromagnetic valve (8) of the secondary clutch mechanism (200) to cut off power and stop directional drilling.

[0053] The above description is only an illustrative embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by any person skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-stage anti-torque bent screw orientation tool, characterized in that: The invention is composed of a primary clutch mechanism (100) and a secondary clutch mechanism (200), wherein the primary clutch mechanism (100) and the secondary clutch mechanism (200) have the same structural composition and both comprise the following components: a fixing screw A (1), a battery plug (2), a cover plate (3), a circuit board (4), a battery (5), a battery compartment (6), a pressure sensor (7), an electromagnetic valve (8), a body (14), a plug (15), a fixing screw B (17), a piston (18), an outer gear cylinder (20), an inner gear cylinder (21), a transmission cylinder (22), a bearing A (23), a limiting cylinder (24), a bearing B (25), a lower joint (26), a connecting cylinder (27), and a diamond composite sheet (28); The lower connector (26) of the primary clutch mechanism (100) is connected to the battery compartment (6) of the secondary clutch mechanism (200) via threads; The battery compartment (6) is threadedly connected to the body (14), the body (14) is threadedly connected to the upper end of the inner gear cylinder (21), and the lower end of the inner gear cylinder (21) is threadedly connected to the limit cylinder (24); The plug (15) is threadedly connected to the upper end of the outer gear cylinder (20), the spline A (2002) at the lower end of the outer gear cylinder (20) is spline-connected to the spline B (2201) at the upper end of the transmission cylinder (22), the lower end of the transmission cylinder (22) is threadedly connected to the upper end of the connecting cylinder (27), and the lower end of the connecting cylinder (27) is threadedly connected to the lower joint (26); The inner gear cylinder (21) is processed with a step A (2101) for limiting the position of the outer gear cylinder (20); The outer gear cylinder (20) is processed with a step B (2003) for cooperating with the step A (2101) to limit the position; A bearing A (23) is assembled between the connecting cylinder (27) and the limiting cylinder (24); A bearing B (25) is assembled between the connecting cylinder (27) and the body (14); The piston (18) is assembled in a cavity formed by the plug (15) and the internal gear cylinder (21), and the piston (18) is fixed to the body (14) by means of a fixing screw B (17); The pressure sensor (7) and the electromagnetic valve (8) are connected to the body (14) via threads.

2. A two-stage anti-torque bent screw orientation tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool is composed of 2 to 4 primary clutch mechanisms (100) or secondary clutch mechanisms (200), meeting the requirements of different control accuracy and drill rod rotation speed.

3. A two-stage anti-torque bent screw orientation tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: 4 to 8 battery installation holes are processed on the battery compartment (6), and 4 to 8 batteries (5) are installed to meet different power requirements.

4. A two-stage anti-torque bent screw orientation tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cover plate (3) is composed of a signal channel (3001) and a cover plate body (3002). The signal channel (3001) is made of ceramic material and is sintered on the cover plate body (3002) to provide a signal channel for wireless electromagnetic wave transmission.

5. A two-stage anti-torque bent screw orientation tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: One to three radial through holes are processed on the inner gear cylinder (21) to balance the internal pressure of the cavity formed by the inner gear cylinder and the body (14); and one to three radial through holes (29) are processed on the limit cylinder (24) to lubricate the bearing group (13) and balance the internal pressure of the cavity formed by the limit cylinder (24) and the body (14).

6. A two-stage anti-torque bent screw orientation tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A combined sealing system of a dust ring (1801), a sealing ring (1802) and a supporting ring (1803) is installed inside and outside the piston (18) to isolate the pressure of the hydraulic chamber (16) above the piston and the hydraulic chamber (19) below the piston.

7. A two-stage anti-torque bent screw orientation tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A diamond composite sheet (28) is sintered at the lower end of the body (14) and the upper end of the lower joint (26) to reduce the friction coefficient between the body (14) and the lower joint (26) and increase the wear resistance of the body (14) and the lower joint (26).

8. A two-stage anti-torque bent screw orientation tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the limiting cylinder (24) is welded and fixed to the joint of the outer gear cylinder (20), which prevents the limiting cylinder (24) from falling off, avoids the risk of the transfer cylinder (22) and the lower joint (26) falling off due to the loosening of the limiting cylinder (24), and further avoids the falling off of other drilling tools.

9. A two-stage anti-torque bent screw orientation tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solenoid valve (8) is a two-position four-way solenoid valve, or a solenoid valve group that can achieve the same function.

10. A two-stage anti-torque bent screw orientation tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner gear cylinder (21) is machined with rectangular teeth A (2102) in both the axial and circumferential directions, and the outer gear cylinder (20) is machined with rectangular teeth B (2001) in both the axial and circumferential directions. The number of rectangular teeth A (2102) and rectangular teeth B (2001) is the same.

Images