A method for incinerating drugs using a cement kiln

Abstract

The application discloses a method for incinerating drugs by using a cement kiln, and belongs to the field of environmental protection. After the incineration product is discharged from the kiln, the product directly enters a grate cooler, and the material is rapidly cooled from 1400-1500 DEG C to below 100 DEG C within several minutes, the waste gas temperature is about 200 DEG C, and the generation interval (200-500 DEG C) of dioxin is crossed, so that the re-synthesis of dioxin in the waste gas is avoided. The incineration tail gas is subjected to denitration, dust removal, deacidification and other processes to reach the national emission standard, is emptied, and the incineration removal rate reaches 99.99%. The whole treatment process and technology will not cause secondary pollution to the environment, and the purposes of harmlessness, reduction and resource utilization are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental protection, and in particular to a method for incinerating toxic substances using a cement kiln. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, with the continuous changes in the domestic and international drug situation and the increasing variety of drugs, my country's drug harmless treatment technology is far from meeting the requirements of the current situation.

[0003] CN202010372945.1 discloses a method for the harmless treatment of drugs, comprising the following steps: Step S100, fully dissolving a drug sample in an aqueous solution to form a drug solution; Step S200, adding an oxidant to the drug solution, and placing the drug solution after adding the oxidant into a reaction vessel for treatment by supercritical water oxidation; Step S300, measuring the organic matter content in the drug solution before and after the reaction to obtain the degradation rate of the organic matter components. The advantages are: This invention has the advantages of high degradation efficiency (up to 99.99% or more) and no secondary pollution, especially for the treatment of drugs and highly toxic, difficult-to-degrade, high-concentration drug manufacturing wastewater, its advantages are more obvious. At the same time, the equipment required for degradation has the advantages of simple structure, small unit volume and small footprint, and has broad prospects for promotion.

[0004] CN202110665105.9 provides a device for the harmless treatment of drugs or drug-containing liquids. The device includes a pump whose output is connected to a storage tank via a pipeline, the storage tank connected to an electrolytic cell via a pipeline, a stirring blade of a stirring device positioned inside the electrolytic cell, and the electrolytic cell connected to the input of an acoustic-optical decomposition device via a pipeline. The output of the acoustic-optical decomposition device is connected to the input of the pump via a pipeline. The pump, storage tank, electrolytic cell, and acoustic-optical decomposition device form a circulation loop for the drug-containing liquid. The electrolytic cell is used to electrolyze the drug-containing liquid, and the acoustic-optical decomposition device is used to perform acoustic-optical catalytic decomposition of the drug-containing liquid using ultraviolet light, visible light, or ultrasound. This device can achieve the harmless treatment of drug-containing liquids. The invention also proposes a method for the harmless treatment of drug-containing liquids.

[0005] CN202120064547.3: This utility model relates to the field of drug processing technology and discloses an integrated photoelectric drug processing device, including a device body. A shock-absorbing spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the device body, and a base plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the shock-absorbing spring. A water storage tank is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the device body, and an inlet pipe and a drain pipe are fixedly connected to one side of the water storage tank. This integrated photoelectric drug processing device, through the water storage tank, inlet pipe, drain pipe, sound and light processing box, electrolysis box, fixed support, motor, stirring shaft, and battery, can improve the drug processing effect. It solves the problems of time-consuming, labor-intensive, costly, incomplete destruction, and environmental pollution commonly found in conventional methods of drug destruction such as incineration, landfill, or chemical oxidation, thus meeting the current demand for harmless drug treatment.

[0006] From a chemical perspective, drugs all fall under the category of organic compounds, and the main technologies for treating organic waste both domestically and internationally include physical, chemical, and biological methods. Physical methods include secure landfill and bentonite adsorption; chemical methods include oxidation, ultrasonic catalytic degradation, ion exchange, and liquid membrane methods; and biological methods include activated sludge, biofilters, and bacterial inoculation. While these patented and existing technologies each have their advantages, from a comprehensive treatment perspective, none can achieve a stable, reliable, and safe outcome. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A method for incinerating drugs using a cement kiln, the operation steps of which are as follows:

[0009] S1: Add 85-100 parts of the drug and 500-1000 parts of deionized water to the reactor according to the mass fraction. Add acetic acid to adjust the pH value of the system. Then add 2-5 parts of catalyst and 2-5 parts of oxidant to the reactor. Keep heating to 60-80℃ and react for 20-30 hours to obtain the intermediate product.

[0010] S2: Mix 85-100 parts of intermediate product, 135-160 parts of alternative fuel, and 505-1030 parts of auxiliary fuel evenly according to the mass fraction;

[0011] S3: The mixture is sent to a cement kiln for incineration.

[0012] S4: After exiting the kiln, it enters the grate cooler for cooling, and the ash is used as cement clinker;

[0013] S5: After the incineration exhaust gas undergoes denitrification, dust removal, and acid removal processes to meet national emission standards, it is released into the atmosphere.

[0014] In this invention, the auxiliary fuel is coal, heavy oil, or coke.

[0015] In this invention, the alternative fuel is waste tires, waste plastics, waste textiles, waste rubber, or waste leather products.

[0016] In this invention, the pH value range is controlled to be 0.5-3.0.

[0017] In this invention, the cement kiln is a rotary kiln.

[0018] In this invention, the temperature inside the cement kiln is 1300-1500℃, and the residence time is 30-45 minutes.

[0019] In this invention, the cooling to a temperature of 80-100℃ is described.

[0020] In this invention, the ash residue is added to cement clinker at a ratio of 10-25%.

[0021] In this invention, the oxidant includes one or more of hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, sodium dichromate, chromic acid, nitric acid, potassium permanganate, ammonium persulfate, hypochlorous acid, and perchloric acid.

[0022] In this invention, the catalyst is prepared by the following method:

[0023] S1: Add 2-5 parts of acryloyloxysilane and 120-150 parts of ZSM-5 molecular sieve according to the mass ratio, stir and react at 60-80℃ for 100-140 min, then distill and dry.

[0024] S2: Add 200-320 parts of toluene and 56-62 parts of S2 product to a reactor and stir vigorously for 120-150 min. Then add 0.05-0.17 parts of dichlorodiammonium palladium and 5-8 parts of sodium methoxide. React at 100-120℃ for 0.3-1 h. Then add 13-17 parts of malononitrile and react for 1-3 h. Remove toluene by vacuum distillation and dry to obtain the catalyst.

[0025] The technical effects of this invention are as follows:

[0026] (1) After exiting the kiln, the material is directly fed into the grate cooler, which cools the material from 1400-1500℃ to below 100℃ within a few minutes. The exhaust gas temperature is about 200℃, which crosses the dioxin formation range (200-500℃) and avoids the resynthesis of dioxins in the exhaust gas.

[0027] (2) Incineration can effectively destroy toxic and harmful organic waste in waste, reduce the volume and mass of waste, and is the fastest and most effective technology to achieve harmless treatment. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of this technical solution clearer, the following detailed description, using specific implementation examples and comparative models, further illustrates the technical solution. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this technical solution.

[0029] Comparative Example 1

[0030] A method for incinerating drugs using a cement kiln, the operation steps of which are as follows:

[0031] S1: Add 95 kg of drug and 900 kg of deionized water to the reactor, add acetic acid to adjust the pH of the system, then add 4 kg of catalyst and 4 kg of oxidant to the reactor, keep heating to 75°C and react for 28 h to obtain the intermediate product;

[0032] S2: Mix 95kg of intermediate product, 155kg of alternative fuel, and 900kg of auxiliary fuel evenly;

[0033] S3: The mixture is sent to a cement kiln for incineration.

[0034] S4: After exiting the kiln, it enters the grate cooler for cooling, and the ash is used as cement clinker;

[0035] S5: After the incineration exhaust gas undergoes denitrification, dust removal, and acid removal processes to meet national emission standards, it is released into the atmosphere.

[0036] The auxiliary fuel is heavy oil.

[0037] The alternative fuel is waste textiles.

[0038] The pH value is controlled at 2.

[0039] The cement kiln is a rotary kiln.

[0040] The temperature inside the cement kiln is 1450℃, and the residence time is 40 minutes.

[0041] The temperature is then cooled to 95°C.

[0042] The ash residue is added to the cement clinker at a ratio of 20%.

[0043] The oxidant is sodium dichromate.

[0044] The catalyst is prepared by:

[0045] S1: Add 4 kg of deionized water and 140 kg of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, stir and react at 75°C for 130 min, then distill and dry.

[0046] S2: Add 300 kg of toluene and 60 kg of S2 product to a reactor and stir vigorously for 140 min. Then add 0.15 kg of dichlorodiammonium palladium and 7 kg of sodium methoxide. React at 115 °C for 0.8 h. Then add 16 kg of malononitrile and react for 2.5 h. Remove toluene by vacuum distillation and dry to obtain the catalyst.

[0047] Comparative Example 2

[0048] A method for incinerating drugs using a cement kiln, the operation steps of which are as follows:

[0049] S1: Add 95 kg of drug and 900 kg of deionized water to the reactor, add acetic acid to adjust the pH of the system, then add 4 kg of oxidant to the reactor, keep heating to 75°C and react for 28 h to obtain the intermediate product;

[0050] S2: Mix 95kg of intermediate product, 155kg of alternative fuel, and 900kg of auxiliary fuel evenly;

[0051] S3: The mixture is sent to a cement kiln for incineration.

[0052] S4: After exiting the kiln, it enters the grate cooler for cooling, and the ash is used as cement clinker;

[0053] S5: After the incineration exhaust gas undergoes denitrification, dust removal, and acid removal processes to meet national emission standards, it is released into the atmosphere.

[0054] The auxiliary fuel is heavy oil.

[0055] The alternative fuel is waste textiles.

[0056] The pH value is controlled at 2.

[0057] The cement kiln is a rotary kiln.

[0058] The temperature inside the cement kiln is 1450℃, and the residence time is 40 minutes.

[0059] The temperature is then cooled to 95°C.

[0060] The ash residue is added to the cement clinker at a ratio of 20%.

[0061] The oxidant is sodium dichromate.

[0062] Comparative Example 3

[0063] A method for incinerating drugs using a cement kiln, the operation steps of which are as follows:

[0064] S1: Add 95 kg of drug and 900 kg of deionized water to the reactor, add acetic acid to adjust the pH value of the system, then add 4 kg of catalyst to the reactor, keep heating to 75°C and react for 28 h to obtain the intermediate product.

[0065] S2: Mix 95kg of intermediate product, 155kg of alternative fuel, and 900kg of auxiliary fuel evenly;

[0066] S3: The mixture is sent to a cement kiln for incineration.

[0067] S4: After exiting the kiln, it enters the grate cooler for cooling, and the ash is used as cement clinker;

[0068] S5: After the incineration exhaust gas undergoes denitrification, dust removal, and acid removal processes to meet national emission standards, it is released into the atmosphere.

[0069] The auxiliary fuel is heavy oil.

[0070] The alternative fuel is waste textiles.

[0071] The pH value is controlled at 2.

[0072] The cement kiln is a rotary kiln.

[0073] The temperature inside the cement kiln is 1450℃, and the residence time is 40 minutes.

[0074] The temperature is then cooled to 95°C.

[0075] The ash residue is added to the cement clinker at a ratio of 20%.

[0076] The catalyst is prepared by:

[0077] S1: Add 4 kg of acryloyloxysilane and 140 kg of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, stir and react at 75°C for 130 min, then distill and dry.

[0078] S2: Add 300 kg of toluene and 60 kg of S2 product to a reactor and stir vigorously for 140 min. Then add 0.15 kg of dichlorodiammonium palladium and 7 kg of sodium methoxide. React at 115 °C for 0.8 h. Then add 16 kg of malononitrile and react for 2.5 h. Remove toluene by vacuum distillation and dry to obtain the catalyst.

[0079] Example 1

[0080] A method for incinerating drugs using a cement kiln, the operation steps of which are as follows:

[0081] S1: Add 85kg of drug, 500kg of deionized water, and acetic acid to the reactor to adjust the pH of the system. Then add 2kg of catalyst and 2kg of oxidant to the reactor and keep heating to 60℃ for 20h to obtain the intermediate product.

[0082] S2: Mix 85kg of intermediate product, 135kg of alternative fuel, and 505kg of auxiliary fuel evenly;

[0083] S3: The mixture is sent to a cement kiln for incineration.

[0084] S4: After exiting the kiln, it enters the grate cooler for cooling, and the ash is used as cement clinker;

[0085] S5: After the incineration exhaust gas undergoes denitrification, dust removal, and acid removal processes to meet national emission standards, it is released into the atmosphere.

[0086] The auxiliary fuel is coal.

[0087] The alternative fuel is waste tires.

[0088] The pH value is controlled at 0.5.

[0089] The cement kiln is a rotary kiln.

[0090] The temperature inside the cement kiln is 1300℃, and the residence time is 30 minutes.

[0091] The temperature is then cooled to 80°C.

[0092] The ash residue is added to the cement clinker at a ratio of 10%.

[0093] The oxidant is hydrogen peroxide.

[0094] The catalyst is prepared by:

[0095] S1: Add 2 kg of acryloyloxysilane and 120 kg of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, stir and react at 60°C for 100 min, then distill and dry.

[0096] S2: Add 200 kg of toluene and 56 kg of S2 product to a reactor and stir vigorously for 120 min. Then add 0.05 kg of dichlorodiammonium palladium and 5 kg of sodium methoxide. React at 100 °C for 0.3 h. Then add 13 kg of malononitrile and react for 1 h. Remove toluene by vacuum distillation and dry to obtain the catalyst.

[0097] Example 2

[0098] A method for incinerating drugs using a cement kiln, the operation steps of which are as follows:

[0099] S1: Add 90 kg of drug and 700 kg of deionized water to the reactor, add acetic acid to adjust the pH of the system, then add 3 kg of catalyst and 3 kg of oxidant to the reactor, keep heating to 65°C and react for 24 h to obtain the intermediate product;

[0100] S2: Mix 90kg of intermediate product, 140kg of alternative fuel, and 700kg of auxiliary fuel evenly;

[0101] S3: The mixture is sent to a cement kiln for incineration.

[0102] S4: After exiting the kiln, it enters the grate cooler for cooling, and the ash is used as cement clinker;

[0103] S5: After the incineration exhaust gas undergoes denitrification, dust removal, and acid removal processes to meet national emission standards, it is released into the atmosphere.

[0104] The auxiliary fuel is heavy oil.

[0105] The alternative fuel is waste plastic.

[0106] The pH value is controlled at 1.

[0107] The cement kiln is a rotary kiln.

[0108] The temperature inside the cement kiln is 1350℃, and the residence time is 35 minutes.

[0109] The temperature is then cooled to 85°C.

[0110] The ash residue is added to the cement clinker at a ratio of 15%.

[0111] The oxidant is peracetic acid.

[0112] The catalyst is prepared by:

[0113] S1: Add 3 kg of acryloyloxysilane and 130 kg of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, stir and react at 65°C for 120 min, then distill and dry.

[0114] S2: Add 250 kg of toluene and 58 kg of S2 product to a reactor and stir vigorously for 130 min. Then add 0.1 kg of dichlorodiammonium palladium and 6 kg of sodium methoxide. React at 105 °C for 0.6 h. Then add 14 kg of malononitrile and react for 1.5 h. Remove toluene by vacuum distillation and dry to obtain the catalyst.

[0115] Example 3

[0116] A method for incinerating drugs using a cement kiln, the operation steps of which are as follows:

[0117] S1: Add 95 kg of drug and 900 kg of deionized water to the reactor, add acetic acid to adjust the pH of the system, then add 4 kg of catalyst and 4 kg of oxidant to the reactor, keep heating to 75°C and react for 28 h to obtain the intermediate product;

[0118] S2: Mix 95kg of intermediate product, 155kg of alternative fuel, and 900kg of auxiliary fuel evenly;

[0119] S3: The mixture is sent to a cement kiln for incineration.

[0120] S4: After exiting the kiln, it enters the grate cooler for cooling, and the ash is used as cement clinker;

[0121] S5: After the incineration exhaust gas undergoes denitrification, dust removal, and acid removal processes to meet national emission standards, it is released into the atmosphere.

[0122] The auxiliary fuel is heavy oil.

[0123] The alternative fuel is waste textiles.

[0124] The pH value is controlled at 2.

[0125] The cement kiln is a rotary kiln.

[0126] The temperature inside the cement kiln is 1450℃, and the residence time is 40 minutes.

[0127] The temperature is then cooled to 95°C.

[0128] The ash residue is added to the cement clinker at a ratio of 20%.

[0129] The oxidant is sodium dichromate.

[0130] The catalyst is prepared by:

[0131] S1: Add 4 kg of acryloyloxysilane and 140 kg of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, stir and react at 75°C for 130 min, then distill and dry.

[0132] S2: Add 300 kg of toluene and 60 kg of S2 product to a reactor and stir vigorously for 140 min. Then add 0.15 kg of dichlorodiammonium palladium and 7 kg of sodium methoxide. React at 115 °C for 0.8 h. Then add 16 kg of malononitrile and react for 2.5 h. Remove toluene by vacuum distillation and dry to obtain the catalyst.

[0133] Example 4

[0134] A method for incinerating drugs using a cement kiln, the operation steps of which are as follows:

[0135] S1: Add 100kg of drug and 1000kg of deionized water to the reactor, add acetic acid to adjust the pH value of the system, then add 5kg of catalyst and 5kg of oxidant to the reactor, keep heating to 80℃ and react for 30h to obtain the intermediate product.

[0136] S2: Mix 100 kg of intermediate product, 160 kg of alternative fuel, and 1030 kg of auxiliary fuel evenly;

[0137] S3: The mixture is sent to a cement kiln for incineration.

[0138] S4: After exiting the kiln, it enters the grate cooler for cooling, and the ash is used as cement clinker;

[0139] S5: After the incineration exhaust gas undergoes denitrification, dust removal, and acid removal processes to meet national emission standards, it is released into the atmosphere.

[0140] The auxiliary fuel is coke.

[0141] The alternative fuel is waste rubber.

[0142] The pH value is controlled at 3.0.

[0143] The cement kiln is a rotary kiln.

[0144] The temperature inside the cement kiln is 1500℃, and the residence time is 45 minutes.

[0145] The temperature is cooled to 100°C.

[0146] The ash residue is added to the cement clinker at a ratio of 25%.

[0147] The oxidant is chromic acid.

[0148] The catalyst is prepared by:

[0149] S1: Add 5 kg of acryloyloxysilane and 150 kg of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, stir and react at 80°C for 140 min, then distill and dry.

[0150] S2: Add 320 kg of toluene and 62 kg of S2 product to a reactor and stir vigorously for 150 min. Then add 0.17 kg of dichlorodiammonium palladium and 8 kg of sodium methoxide. React at 120 °C for 1 h. Then add 17 kg of malononitrile and react for 3 h. Remove toluene by vacuum distillation and dry to obtain the catalyst.

[0151] The above content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, many changes can be made in the specific implementation and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. As long as these changes do not depart from the concept of the present invention, they all fall within the protection scope of this patent.

[0152] The incineration removal rates of the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention are calculated using the following formula, and the results are shown in the table below:

[0153] Incineration removal rate (%) = (Wi - Wo) / Wi × 100%

[0154] In the formula: Wi - the weight of the drug in the incinerated material; Wo - the sum of the weights of the drug in the flue gas and the incineration residue.

[0155] Incineration removal rate / % Comparative Example 1 83.17 Comparative Example 2 90.52 Comparative Example 3 93.68 Example 1 98.97 Example 2 99.23 Example 3 99.99 Example 4 99.85

Claims

1.A method for destroying drugs by using a cement kiln, comprising the following steps: S1: adding 85-100 parts of drugs, 500-1000 parts of deionized water, acetic acid, a catalyst, and an oxidizing agent to a reactor in a mass ratio, adjusting the pH value of the system, and keeping the reactor at 60-80℃ for 20-30h to obtain an intermediate product; S2: uniformly mixing 85-100 parts of the intermediate product, 135-160 parts of a substitute fuel, and 505-1030 parts of an auxiliary fuel in a mass ratio; S3: feeding the mixture to a cement kiln for incineration; S4: cooling the mixture in a grate cooler after being discharged from the kiln, and using the ash as cement clinker; S5: venting the incineration tail gas after denitration, dust removal, and deacidification processes; and the preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps: S1: adding 2-5 parts of acryloxy silane and 120-150 parts of ZSM-5 molecular sieve to the reactor, stirring at 60-80℃ for 100-140min, and then distilling and drying; S2: adding 200-320 parts of toluene, 56-62 parts of the product of S2, 0.05-0.17 parts of dichlorodiammine palladium, 5-8 parts of sodium methoxide, 13-17 parts of malononitrile to the reactor, and stirring at 100-120℃ for 0.3-1h, and then distilling and drying to obtain the catalyst; the auxiliary fuel is coal or heavy oil or coke; the substitute fuel is waste tires or waste plastics or waste textiles or waste rubber or waste leather products; the pH value is controlled in a range of 0.5-3.0; the cement kiln is a rotary kiln; the temperature in the cement kiln is 1300-1500℃, and the residence time is 30-45min; the cooling temperature is 80-100℃; the ash is mixed into the cement clinker at a ratio of 10-25%; and the oxidizing agent comprises one or more than two of hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid, sodium dichromate, chromic acid, nitric acid, potassium permanganate, ammonium persulfate, hypochlorous acid, and perchloric acid. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2. A method of incinerating drugs using a cement kiln as claimed in claim 1, wherein: ​ 3. A method of incinerating drugs using a cement kiln as claimed in claim 1, wherein: ​ 4. A method of incinerating drugs using a cement kiln as claimed in claim 1, wherein: ​ 5. A method for incinerating drugs using a cement kiln as claimed in claim 1 wherein: ​ 6. A method of incinerating drugs using a cement kiln as claimed in claim 1, wherein: ​ 7. A method of incinerating drugs using a cement kiln as claimed in claim 1, wherein: ​ 8. A method of incinerating drugs using a cement kiln as claimed in claim 1, wherein: ​ 9. A method of incinerating drugs using a cement kiln as claimed in claim 1, wherein: ​