Power system and power calculation method

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of electric power system and electric power calculation method.Electric power system (1) has vehicle (2A, 2B), vehicle management server (3), AC charging station (4), DC charging station (5), charging station management server (6).When AC charging and AC discharging are executed, AC charging station (4) is connected with vehicle (2A).The amount of charge and the amount of discharge in AC charging and AC discharging are calculated by vehicle (2A).Vehicle (2A) measures the power before power conversion based on the charger on vehicle, and calculates the amount of charge and the amount of discharge.The amount of charge and the amount of discharge in DC charging and DC discharging are calculated by DC charging station (5).DC charging station (5) measures the power before power conversion based on the charger (53), and calculates the amount of charge and the amount of discharge.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a power system and a power calculation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2011-166971 discloses a power supply system that can notify a user of a vehicle of a progress state of charging of a vehicle-mounted battery. The power supply system has a power supply station, a terminal used by the user, and a server that communicates with the power supply station and the terminal. The power supply station measures electric power supplied to the vehicle-mounted battery via a charging cable and transmits the measurement result to the server. The server calculates the progress state of charging of the vehicle-mounted battery with reference to the measurement result received from the power supply station and charging characteristic data of the vehicle-mounted battery (see Patent Literature 1). SUMMARY

[0003] For example, in a case where a vehicle is effectively used as a distributed energy resource (DER) of a virtual power plant (VPP), it is required to measure a charging electric power amount supplied from a system to a vehicle and a discharging electric power amount supplied from the vehicle to the system with high accuracy.

[0004] Here, a charging station that supplies electric power to a vehicle includes an alternating current (AC) charging station that supplies AC to the vehicle and a direct current (DC) charging station that supplies DC to the vehicle. In a case where AC charging in which a vehicle-mounted battery is charged using AC electric power supplied from the AC charging station is performed, a charger included in the vehicle-mounted battery converts the AC electric power into DC electric power. In a case where DC charging in which the vehicle-mounted battery is charged using DC electric power supplied from the DC charging station is performed, a charger included in the DC charging station converts the AC electric power into the DC electric power.

[0005] A power conversion loss occurs in conversion of the AC electric power into the DC electric power. When a case where electric power before the conversion into the DC electric power is measured and a case where electric power after the conversion into the DC electric power is measured are mixed, the charging electric power amount cannot be calculated with high accuracy. The same is true of the discharging electric power amount.

[0006] The present disclosure is an invention made to solve the above-described problem, and aims to measure the charging electric power amount supplied to the vehicle and the discharging electric power amount taken out from the vehicle with high accuracy.

[0007] The power system of one aspect of the present disclosure includes a vehicle configured to perform external charging in which electric power supplied from outside the vehicle is used to charge a storage battery and external discharging in which electric power of the storage battery is supplied to outside the vehicle; a charging station that performs exchange of electric power between an alternating-current power source outside the vehicle and the vehicle in the external charging and the external discharging; and a server configured to be able to communicate with the vehicle and the charging station. In a case where the electric power exchanged between the vehicle and the charging station in the external charging and the external discharging is alternating-current electric power, the vehicle includes a first charger configured to be able to convert alternating-current electric power supplied from the charging station into direct-current electric power and convert direct-current electric power supplied from the storage battery into alternating-current electric power; a first detection device that detects electric power input and output with respect to the first charger, and the vehicle measures charging electric power supplied from the charging station or discharging electric power supplied to the charging station using a detection value of the first detection device and transmits a first measurement value that is a result of the measurement to the server. In a case where the electric power exchanged between the vehicle and the charging station in the external charging and the external discharging is direct-current electric power, the charging station includes a second charger configured to be able to convert alternating-current electric power supplied from the alternating-current power source into direct-current electric power and convert direct-current electric power supplied from the vehicle into alternating-current electric power; a second detection device that detects electric power input and output with respect to the second charger, and the charging station measures charging electric power supplied to the vehicle or discharging electric power supplied from the vehicle using a detection value of the second detection device and transmits a second measurement value that is a result of the measurement to the server.

[0008] According to the above structure, in the external charging, the charging electric power before the alternating-current electric power is converted into direct-current electric power by the first charger or the second charger is measured, and a result of the measurement (amount of charging electric power or amount of discharging electric power) is calculated. In the external discharging, the discharging electric power before the direct-current electric power is converted into alternating-current electric power by the first charger or the second charger is measured, and a result of the measurement (amount of charging electric power or amount of discharging electric power) is calculated. Therefore, the calculated amount of charging electric power and the amount of discharging electric power do not include an amount of loss of electric power conversion. Thus, the amount of charging electric power and the amount of discharging electric power can be calculated with high accuracy. The amount of charging electric power and the amount of discharging electric power calculated with high accuracy are transmitted to the server, and they are effectively used for electric power management and the like.

[0009] In one embodiment, the vehicle and the charging station are configured to be able to communicate with each other. The charging station is configured to be able to transmit the second measurement value to the vehicle. The vehicle is configured to be able to transmit the second measurement value to the server.

[0010] According to the above structure, the second measurement value calculated by the charging station is transmitted to the server via the vehicle. Thus, for example, even in a case where the charging station and the server cannot communicate, the second measurement value can be transmitted to the server.

[0011] In one embodiment, the charging station transmits the second measurement value to the vehicle in a case where communication with the server cannot be performed.

[0012] For example, a situation where the charging station and the server cannot communicate with each other occurs due to poor communication or the like. According to the above structure, in the above situation, the second measurement value can be transmitted to the server via the vehicle.

[0013] In one embodiment, the vehicle and the charging station are configured to be able to communicate with each other. The vehicle is configured to be able to transmit the first measurement value to the charging station. The charging station is configured to be able to transmit the first measurement value to the server.

[0014] According to the above structure, the first measurement value calculated by the vehicle is transmitted to the server via the charging station. Thereby, for example, even in a situation where the vehicle and the server cannot communicate with each other, the first measurement value can be transmitted to the server.

[0015] In one embodiment, the vehicle transmits the first measurement value to the charging station in a situation where communication with the server cannot be performed.

[0016] For example, a situation where the charging station and the server cannot communicate with each other occurs due to poor communication or the like. According to the above structure, in the above situation, the first measurement value can be transmitted to the server via the charging station.

[0017] In one embodiment, the server includes a first server that manages the vehicle and a second server that manages the charging station. The first server and the second server are configured to be able to communicate with each other. The vehicle transmits the first measurement value to the first server. The charging station transmits the second measurement value to the second server. The first server and the second server share the first measurement value and the second measurement value.

[0018] The power calculation method of another aspect of the present disclosure is a power calculation method for calculating an amount of power exchanged by a vehicle in a power system including the vehicle, a charging station, and a server. The vehicle is configured to perform external charging of charging a storage battery using power supplied from outside the vehicle and external discharging of supplying power of the storage battery to outside the vehicle. The charging station is configured to perform exchange of power between an alternating-current power source outside the vehicle and the vehicle in the external charging and the external discharging. In a case where the power exchanged between the vehicle and the charging station in the external charging and the external discharging is alternating-current power, the vehicle includes a first charger configured to be able to convert alternating-current power supplied from the charging station into direct-current power and convert direct-current power supplied from the storage battery into alternating-current power, and a first detection device that detects power input and output with respect to the first charger. The method includes a step of the vehicle measuring charging power supplied from the charging station or discharging power supplied to the charging station using a detection value of the first detection device, and a step of the vehicle transmitting a first measurement value that is a result of the measurement to the server. In a case where the power exchanged between the vehicle and the charging station in the external charging and the external discharging is direct-current power, the charging station includes a second charger configured to be able to convert alternating-current power supplied from the alternating-current power source into direct-current power and convert direct-current power supplied from the vehicle into alternating-current power, and a second detection device that detects power input and output with respect to the second charger. The method includes a step of the charging station measuring charging power supplied to the vehicle or discharging power supplied from the vehicle using a detection value of the second detection device, and a step of the charging station transmitting a second measurement value that is a result of the measurement to the server.

[0019] The power system of another aspect of the present disclosure includes a vehicle configured to perform external charging of charging a storage battery using power supplied from outside the vehicle and external discharging of supplying power of the storage battery to outside the vehicle, a charging station configured to perform exchange of power between an alternating-current power source outside the vehicle and the vehicle in the external charging and the external discharging, and a server configured to be able to communicate with the charging station. In a case where the power exchanged between the vehicle and the charging station in the external charging and the external discharging is alternating-current power, the charging station includes a first detection device that detects charging power supplied to the vehicle and discharging power supplied from the vehicle, measures the charging power or the discharging power using a detection value of the first detection device, and transmits a first measurement value that is a result of the measurement to the server. In a case where the power exchanged between the vehicle and the charging station in the external charging and the external discharging is direct-current power, the charging station includes a charger configured to be able to convert alternating-current power supplied from the alternating-current power source into direct-current power and convert direct-current power supplied from the vehicle into alternating-current power, and a second detection device that detects power input and output with respect to the charger, measures the charging power supplied to the vehicle or the discharging power supplied from the vehicle using a detection value of the second detection device, and transmits a second measurement value that is a result of the measurement to the server.

[0020] The power system of another aspect of the present disclosure has: a vehicle configured to be able to perform external charging of charging a storage battery using electric power supplied from outside the vehicle and external discharging of supplying electric power of the storage battery to outside the vehicle; a charging station that performs supply and reception of electric power between an alternating-current power source outside the vehicle and the vehicle in the external charging and the external discharging; and a server configured to be able to communicate with the vehicle. In a case where electric power supplied and received between the vehicle and the charging station in the external charging and the external discharging is alternating-current electric power, the vehicle includes: a charger configured to be able to convert the alternating-current electric power supplied from the charging station into direct-current electric power and convert the direct-current electric power supplied from the storage battery into the alternating-current electric power; and a first detection device that detects electric power input and output with respect to the charger, and the vehicle measures charging electric power supplied from the charging station or discharging electric power supplied to the charging station using a detection value of the first detection device, and transmits a first measurement value that is a measurement result to the server. In a case where electric power supplied and received between the vehicle and the charging station in the external charging and the external discharging is direct-current electric power, the vehicle includes a second detection device that detects the charging electric power supplied from the charging station and the discharging electric power supplied to the charging station, and the vehicle measures the charging electric power or the discharging electric power using a detection value of the second detection device, and transmits a second measurement value that is a measurement result to the server.

[0021] The above and other objects, features and aspects of the present application will be more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the power system of Embodiment 1.

[0023] Figure 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the vehicle.

[0024] Figure 3 is a flowchart showing a sequence of processes executed in AC charging.

[0025] Figure 4 is a flowchart showing a sequence of processes executed in AC discharging.

[0026] Figure 5 is a flowchart showing a sequence of processes executed in DC charging.

[0027] Figure 6 is a flowchart showing a sequence of processes executed in DC discharging.

[0028] Figure 7 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the power system of Embodiment 1.

[0029] Figure 8 is a flowchart showing the order of processes performed in DC charging of Modification 1.

[0030] Figure 9 is a flowchart showing the order of processes performed in DC discharging of Modification 1.

[0031] Figure 10 is a diagram showing the outline structure of the power system of Modification 2.

[0032] Figure 11 is a flowchart showing the order of processes performed in AC charging of Modification 2.

[0033] Figure 12 is a flowchart showing the order of processes performed in AC discharging of Modification 2.

[0034] Figure 13 is a diagram showing the outline structure of the power system of Embodiment 2.

[0035] Figure 14 is a flowchart showing the order of processes performed in AC charging of Embodiment 2.

[0036] Figure 15 is a flowchart showing the order of processes performed in AC discharging of Embodiment 2.

[0037] Figure 16 is a diagram showing the outline structure of the power system of Embodiment 3.

[0038] Figure 17 is a flowchart showing the order of processes performed in DC charging of Embodiment 3.

[0039] Figure 18 is a flowchart showing the order of processes performed in DC discharging of Embodiment 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Hereinafter, with respect to the embodiments of the present disclosure, detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the same reference numerals are attached to the same or equivalent portions in the drawings, and the description thereof is omitted.

[0041] [Embodiment 1]

[0042] [Structure of Power System]

[0043] Figure 1is a diagram showing the outline of the structure of the power system 1 of Embodiment 1. The power system 1 of Embodiment 1 is provided with a power system PG, a microgrid MG, vehicles 2A, 2B, a vehicle management server 3, an AC charging station 4, a DC charging station 5, a charging station management server 6, an EMS (Energy Management System) server 7, a power transmission and distribution operator server 8, and a substation 9. The vehicles 2A, 2B, the vehicle management server 3, the AC charging station 4, the DC charging station 5, and the charging station management server 6 constitute a charging system. The charging system functions as a power adjustment resource (distributed energy resource: DER) in the microgrid MG. Note that, as the power adjustment resource, in addition to the charging system described above, a factory energy management system (FEMS), a building energy management system (BEMS), a home energy management system (HEMS), a power generator, a natural fluctuation power source, and an energy storage system (ESS), and the like, which are not shown, can be included.

[0044] The microgrid MG is a power grid that supplies power to an entire block (for example, a smart city). The supply and demand of power in the microgrid MG is managed by the EMS server 7. In the microgrid MG, a plurality of power adjustment resources are connected through a power distribution system 10. The microgrid MG is configured to be able to be connected to and disconnected from the power system PG.

[0045] The power transmission and distribution operator server 8 is a computer that manages the supply and demand of the power system PG. The power system PG is a power grid constructed by a power plant and a power transmission and distribution device, which are not shown. In Embodiment 1, a power company functions as a power generation operator and a power transmission and distribution operator. The power company corresponds to a general power transmission and distribution operator, and maintains and manages the power system PG (commercial power system). The power company corresponds to a manager of the power system PG. The power transmission and distribution operator server 8 belongs to the power company.

[0046] The substation 9 is provided at a connection point (power receiving point) of the microgrid MG, and is capable of switching between connection (connection) and disconnection (separation) of the power system PG and the microgrid MG. The substation 9 is located at a connection point of the microgrid MG and the power system PG.

[0047] The microgrid MG cooperatively operates in a state of being connected to the power system PG, and the substation 9 receives AC power from the power system PG, steps down the received power, and supplies the stepped-down power to the microgrid MG. The microgrid MG autonomously operates in a state of being disconnected from the power system PG, and the power supply from the power system PG to the microgrid MG is not performed. The substation 9 includes an opening and closing device (for example, a sectionalizer, a circuit breaker, a disconnector, and a load breaker) on the high-voltage side (primary side), a transformer, a protection relay, a measuring device, and a control device. The EMS server 7 receives information (for example, a power waveform) related to the microgrid MG from the substation 9, and instructs the substation 9 to be connected and to be disconnected.

[0048] The EMS server 7 is configured to be able to communicate with the power transmission and distribution operator server 8, the vehicle management server 3, and the charging station management server 6, respectively. The communication protocol can be OpenADR. The EMS server 7 can implement DR (demand response) on the power adjustment resource when the power system PG is requested to be adjusted in supply and demand from the power transmission and distribution operator server 8. Note that, in the case where the power adjustment resource is the vehicle 2A, 2B, the AC charging station 4, and the DC charging station 5, the EMS server 7 can implement DR on the vehicle management server 3 and the charging station management server 6. Also, the EMS server 7 can implement DR on the power adjustment resource according to the request of the supply and demand adjustment market. Also, the EMS server 7 can implement DR on the power adjustment resource in order to adjust the supply and demand of the microgrid MG.

[0049] The charging station management server 6 is a server that manages the AC charging station 4 and the DC charging station 5 that are electrically connected to the microgrid MG. Note that, in Embodiment 1, the number of the AC charging station 4 and the DC charging station 5 included in the power adjustment resource is one each, but the number thereof is arbitrary.

[0050] The charging station management server 6 is configured to be able to communicate with the vehicle management server 3 and the EMS server 7, respectively. Also, the charging station management server 6 is able to communicate with the AC charging station 4 and the DC charging station 5, respectively. The charging station management server 6 manages the amount of power supplied from the AC charging station 4 and the DC charging station 5 to the vehicle 2A, 2B (charging power amount). Also, the charging station management server 6 manages the amount of power discharged from the vehicle 2A, 2B to the AC charging station 4 and the DC charging station 5 (charging power amount).

[0051] The AC charging station 4 is a charging device that supplies AC power to the vehicle 2A via a charging cable 44. When AC charging is performed, a charging connector (not shown) provided at the front end of the charging cable 44 is connected to the vehicle 2A (AC inlet 31 described later).

[0052] DC charging station 5 is a charging device that supplies DC power to vehicle 2B via charging cable 58. During DC charging, a charging connector (not shown) located at the front end of charging cable 58 is connected to vehicle 2B (DC inlet 38 described later).

[0053] Vehicle management server 3 is a server that manages vehicles 2A and 2B. Vehicle management server 3 is configured to communicate with charging station management server 6 and EMS server 7 respectively. Furthermore, vehicle management server 3 is configured to communicate with vehicles 2A and 2B respectively. For example, vehicle management server 3 manages the batteries 20 installed in vehicles 2A and 2B. Figure 2 The vehicle management server 3 manages the charging status of vehicles 2A and 2B. Furthermore, it manages the electrical power (charging power) supplied from AC charging station 4 and DC charging station 5 to vehicles 2A and 2B. It also manages the electrical power (charging power) discharged from vehicles 2A and 2B to AC charging station 4 and DC charging station 5.

[0054] It should be noted that in Implementation Method 1, the vehicle management server 3 and the charging station management server 6 are set up separately, but a server that combines the functions of both the vehicle management server 3 and the charging station management server 6 can also be set up. It should be noted that the vehicle management server 3 and the charging station management server 6 are examples of the "servers" in this disclosure.

[0055] Vehicles 2A and 2B are electric motor vehicles. In Embodiment 1, vehicles 2A and 2B have the same structure. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, vehicles 2A and 2B will sometimes be simply referred to as "vehicle 2". It should be noted that in Embodiment 1, the power adjustment resources include two vehicles 2, but the total number of vehicles 2 is arbitrary. Furthermore, in Embodiment 1, the power adjustment resources include one AC charging station 4 and one DC charging station 5, but the total number of AC charging stations 4 and DC charging stations 5 is arbitrary.

[0056] The vehicle 2 in embodiment 1 is configured to use AC power supplied from the AC charging station 4 to power the onboard battery 20. Figure 2 AC charging for charging. Furthermore, vehicle 2 is configured to use DC power supplied from DC charging station 5 to charge the onboard battery 20 (…). Figure 2) charging. Also, the vehicle 2 is configured to be capable of AC discharging that converts the electric power of the storage battery 20 into alternating-current electric power and supplies the converted alternating-current electric power to the AC charging station 4. Further, the vehicle 2 is configured to be capable of DC discharging that supplies the electric power of the storage battery 20 to the DC charging station 5. Note that the vehicle 2 need only be capable of at least one of AC charging, DC charging, AC discharging, and DC discharging. More specifically, the vehicle 2A that is electrically connected to the AC charging station 4 need only be a vehicle that is capable of at least one of AC charging and AC discharging. The vehicle 2B that is electrically connected to the DC charging station 5 need only be a vehicle that is capable of at least one of DC charging and DC discharging. Also, the vehicle 2 is not limited to an electric motor vehicle, and can be, for example, a plug-in hybrid vehicle or a fuel cell vehicle.

[0057] The AC charging station 4 includes a control device 41, a communication device 42, a relay circuit 43, and a charging cable 44.

[0058] The communication device 42 is capable of bidirectional communication with the charging station management server 6. The communication device 42 includes a communication module that complies with a communication standard such as W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access), LTE (Long Term Evolution), a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) standard such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) 802.11, and the like. Also, the communication device 42 is capable of bidirectional communication with the communication device 29A of the vehicle 2A that is electrically connected via the charging cable 44. Figure 2 The communication device 42 and the communication device 29 of the vehicle 2 can be CAN communication that complies with a communication protocol such as CAN (Controller Area Network), or power line communication (PLC: Power Line Communication). Alternatively, the communication device 42 and the communication device 29 of the vehicle 2 can be wireless communication.

[0059] The control device 41 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a memory (a ROM (Read Only Memory) and a RAM (Random Access Memory)), and an input / output port (not shown) that inputs and outputs various signals. The control device 41 performs input of signals from various sensors and the like and output of control signals to various devices, and performs control of the various devices. Note that, regarding these controls, processing is not limited to software-based processing, but can be performed by dedicated hardware (electronic circuitry).

[0060] The relay circuit 43 is provided between the power line L1 electrically connected to the power distribution system 10 and the power line L2 electrically connected to the charging cable 44. The relay circuit 43 switches between a closed state and an open state in accordance with an instruction from the control device 41. The control device 41 controls the relay circuit 43 in accordance with an instruction received from the vehicle 2. When the relay circuit 43 becomes in the closed state, power from the power distribution system 10 is supplied to the vehicle 2 (AC charging), or power from the vehicle 2 is supplied to the power distribution system 10 (AC discharging).

[0061] The DC charging station 5 includes a control device 51, a communication device 52, a charger 53, voltage sensors 54, 55, current sensors 56, 57, and a charging cable 58.

[0062] The communication device 52 is capable of bidirectional communication with the charging station management server 6. The communication device 52 includes a communication module that complies with a communication standard such as W-CDMA, LTE, a wireless LAN standard such as IEEE 802.11, and the like. Furthermore, the communication device 52 is capable of bidirectional communication with the communication device 29B of the vehicle 2B electrically connected via the charging cable 58. Figure 2 ). The communication between the communication device 52 and the vehicle 2 (communication device 29) can be, for example, CAN communication, or power line communication. Alternatively, the communication between the communication device 52 and the vehicle 2 (communication device 29) can be wireless communication.

[0063] The charger 53 is provided between the power line L3 electrically connected to the power distribution system 10 and the power line L4 electrically connected to the charging cable 58. The charger 53 converts AC power supplied from the power distribution system 10 of the microgrid MG into DC power for supply to the vehicle 2B in accordance with an instruction from the control device 51. The DC power subjected to power conversion by the charger 53 is supplied to the vehicle 2B via the charging cable 58. Using this DC power, the battery 20 of the vehicle 2B is charged. Furthermore, the charger 53 converts DC power supplied from the vehicle 2B via the charging cable 58 into AC power in accordance with an instruction from the control device 51. The AC power subjected to power conversion by the charger 53 is supplied to the power distribution system 10.

[0064] The voltage sensor 54 detects the voltage Vd1 applied to the power line L3, and outputs a signal indicating the detection result to the control device 51.

[0065] The voltage sensor 55 detects the voltage Vd2 applied to the power line L4, and outputs a signal indicating the detection result to the control device 51.

[0066] The current sensor 56 detects the current Id1 flowing in the power line L3, and outputs a signal indicating the detection result to the control device 51.

[0067] The current sensor 57 detects the current Id2 flowing in the power line L4, and outputs a signal indicating the detection result to the control device 51.

[0068] In DC charging, the voltage Vd1 is the voltage of the electric power before the electric power conversion based on the charger 53 (the electric power supplied from the power distribution system 10 to the DC charging station 5). The current Id1 is the current of the electric power before the electric power conversion based on the charger 53. Also, the voltage Vd2 is the voltage of the electric power after the electric power conversion based on the charger 53. The current Id2 is the current of the electric power after the electric power conversion based on the charger 53.

[0069] In DC discharging, the voltage Vd2 is the voltage of the electric power before the electric power conversion based on the charger 53 (the electric power supplied from the vehicle 2 to the DC charging station 5). The current Id2 is the current of the electric power before the electric power conversion based on the charger 53. Also, the voltage Vd1 is the voltage of the electric power after the electric power conversion based on the charger 53. The current Id1 is the current of the electric power after the electric power conversion based on the charger 53.

[0070] The control device 51 includes a CPU, a memory (ROM and RAM), and an input / output port (both not shown) that inputs and outputs various signals. The control device 51 performs input of signals from each sensor and the like and output of control signals to each device, and performs control of each device. Note that, as for these controls, processing is not limited to software-based processing, but can be performed by a dedicated hardware (electronic circuit) configuration.

[0071] The control device 51 controls the charger 53 in DC charging in such a manner that the electric power corresponding to the request from the vehicle 2 is output. Also, the control device 51 controls the charger 53 in DC discharging in such a manner that the electric power corresponding to the state (system voltage and / or system current) of the power distribution system 10 is output.

[0072] Figure 2is a view showing a schematic configuration of the vehicle 2. The vehicle 2 is provided with a storage battery 20, a monitoring unit 21, a system main relay (hereinafter also referred to as "SMR") 25, a power control unit (hereinafter also referred to as "PCU") 26, a motor generator 27, drive wheels 28, a communication device 29, and an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 30.

[0073] The storage battery 20 is mounted on the vehicle 2 as a driving power source (i.e., a power source) of the vehicle 2. The storage battery 20 is configured by stacking a plurality of cells. The cells are, for example, secondary batteries such as nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and the like. Also, the cells can be cells having a liquid electrolyte between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, or can be cells having a solid electrolyte (all-solid-state cells).

[0074] The monitoring unit 21 monitors the state of the storage battery 20. The monitoring unit 21 includes a voltage sensor 22, a current sensor 23, and a temperature sensor 24. The voltage sensor 22 detects the voltage (storage battery voltage) VB of the storage battery 20 and outputs a signal indicating the detection result to the ECU 30. The current sensor 23 detects the input / output current (storage battery current) IB of the storage battery 20 and outputs a signal indicating the detection result to the ECU 30. The temperature sensor 24 detects the temperature (storage battery temperature) TB of the storage battery 20 and outputs a signal indicating the detection result to the ECU 30.

[0075] The SMR 25 is electrically connected to power lines PL, NL that link the PCU 26 and the storage battery 20. When the SMR 25 is in a closed state, electric power is supplied from the storage battery 20 to the PCU 26. When the SMR 25 is in an open state, electric power is not supplied from the storage battery 20 to the PCU 26. The SMR 25 switches between the closed state and the open state in accordance with a control signal from the ECU 30.

[0076] The PCU 26 converts direct-current electric power accumulated in the storage battery 20 into alternating-current electric power to supply to the motor generator 27 in accordance with a control signal from the ECU 30. Also, the PCU 26 converts alternating-current electric power generated by the motor generator 27 into direct-current electric power to supply to the storage battery 20. The PCU 26 includes, for example, an inverter and a converter that steps up a direct-current voltage supplied to the inverter to be equal to or higher than the output voltage of the storage battery 20.

[0077] The motor generator 27 is, for example, a three-phase alternating-current synchronous motor in which a rotor is embedded with a permanent magnet. The motor generator 27 is driven by the PCU 26 to generate a rotational driving force. The driving force generated by the motor generator 27 is transmitted to the drive wheels 28 via a transmission gear.

[0078] The communication device 29 is configured to enable bidirectional communication with the vehicle management server 3. The communication device 29 includes a communication module that complies with a communication standard such as W-CDMA, LTE, a wireless LAN standard such as IEEE 802.11, and the like. Also, the communication device 29 is configured to enable bidirectional communication with the communication device 42 of the AC charging station 4. Figure 1 The communication between the communication device 29 and the AC charging station 4 (communication device 42) can be CAN communication that complies with a communication protocol such as CAN, or power line communication. Note that the communication between the communication device 29 and the AC charging station 4 (communication device 42) can be wireless communication. Further, the communication device 29 is configured to enable bidirectional communication with the communication device 52 of the DC charging station 5. Figure 1 The communication between the communication device 29 and the DC charging station 5 (communication device 52) can be CAN communication, or power line communication. Note that the communication between the communication device 29 and the DC charging station 5 (communication device 52) can be wireless communication.

[0079] The ECU 30 includes a CPU, a memory (ROM and RAM), and an input / output port (neither is shown) that inputs and outputs various signals. The ECU 30 performs input of signals from various sensors and the like and output of control signals to various devices, and performs control of the various devices. Note that the control is not limited to processing based on software, but can be performed by a dedicated hardware (electronic circuit) configuration.

[0080] The ECU 30 is able to calculate the SOC (State Of Charge) of the battery 20. As a method of calculating the SOC, various known methods such as a method based on current value integration (coulomb counting), or a method based on estimation of open voltage (OCV: Open Circuit Voltage), and the like can be employed.

[0081] Further, the vehicle 2 is provided with an AC inlet 31, an AC charging relay 32, a charger 33, voltage sensors 34, 35, current sensors 36, 37, as structures for performing AC charging and AC discharging.

[0082] The AC inlet 31 is configured to be able to connect to a charging connector (not shown) provided at the front end of a charging cable 44 of the AC charging station 4. The AC inlet 31 is covered by an AC charging cover (not shown) in a case where AC charging or AC discharging is not being performed. In a case where AC charging or AC discharging is being performed, the AC charging cover is opened and the charging connector of the charging cable 44 is connected to the AC inlet 31. In the case of AC charging, the AC inlet 31 receives alternating-current electric power supplied from the AC charging station 4. In the case of AC discharging, the AC inlet 31 receives alternating-current electric power supplied from the charger 33.

[0083] The AC charging relay 32 is a relay for making / dismantling the electrical connection of the battery 20 to the AC inlet 31. The AC charging relay 32 is electrically connected between the AC inlet 31 and the power lines PL, NL connecting the SMR 25 and the PCU 26. The AC charging relay 32 switches between the closed state and the open state in accordance with a control signal from the ECU 30.

[0084] The charger 33 is electrically connected between the AC inlet 31 and the AC charging relay 32. The AC inlet 31 and the charger 33 are electrically connected by the power lines CPL1, CNL1. The AC charging relay 32 and the charger 33 are electrically connected by the power lines CPL2, CNL2. The charger 33 converts the alternating-current electric power inputted from the AC charging station 4 to the AC inlet 31 into direct-current electric power having a voltage corresponding to the voltage VB of the battery 20 in accordance with an instruction from the ECU 30. The direct-current electric power converted by the charger 33 is supplied to the battery 20 via the AC charging relay 32 and the SMR 25, and the battery 20 is charged (AC charging). Also, the charger 33 converts the electric power of the battery 20 into alternating-current electric power in accordance with an instruction from the ECU 30. The alternating-current electric power converted by the charger 33 is supplied to the AC charging station 4 via the AC inlet 31.

[0085] The voltage sensor 34 detects the voltage Vc1 between the power lines CPL1, CNL1, and outputs a signal indicating the detection result to the ECU 30.

[0086] The voltage sensor 35 detects the voltage Vc2 between the power lines CPL2, CNL2, and outputs a signal indicating the detection result to the ECU 30.

[0087] The current sensor 36 detects the current Ic1 flowing in the power lines CPL1, CNL1, and outputs a signal indicating the detection result to the ECU 30.

[0088] The current sensor 37 detects the current Ic2 flowing in the power lines CPL2, CNL2, and outputs a signal indicating the detection result to the ECU 30.

[0089] Further, the vehicle 2 is provided with a DC inlet 38 and a DC charging relay 39 as a structure for performing DC charging and DC discharging.

[0090] The DC inlet 38 is capable of connecting a charging connector (not shown) provided at a front end of a charging cable 58 of the DC charging station 5. The DC inlet 38 is covered by a DC charging cover (not shown) in a case where DC charging or DC discharging is not performed. In a case where DC charging or DC discharging is performed, the DC charging cover is opened to connect the charging connector of the charging cable 58 to the DC inlet 38. In DC charging, the DC inlet 38 receives direct-current electric power supplied from the DC charging station 5. In DC discharging, the DC inlet 38 receives direct-current electric power supplied from the storage battery 20.

[0091] The DC charging relay 39 is a relay for performing electric connection / disconnection between the storage battery 20 and the DC inlet 38. The DC charging relay 39 is electrically connected between the power lines PL, NL and the DC inlet 38. The DC charging relay 39 switches between a closed state and an open state in accordance with a control signal from the ECU 30.

[0092] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , in order to appropriately perform supply / demand adjustment of the power system PG, the microgrid MG, it is required to calculate the amount of charging electric power and the amount of discharging electric power supplied from the power distribution system 10 to the vehicle 2 and supplied from the vehicle 2 to the power distribution system 10 with high precision.

[0093] For example, a configuration in which the vehicle 2 measures the charging electric power and the discharging electric power to calculate the amount of charging electric power and the amount of discharging electric power, or a configuration in which the charging station (the AC charging station 4 and the DC charging station 5) measures the charging electric power and the discharging electric power to calculate the amount of charging electric power and the amount of discharging electric power can be considered. However, in power conversion performed by the chargers 33, 53, power conversion loss is involved. Therefore, in a case where the measurement of electric power before power conversion and the measurement of electric power after power conversion are mixed, the amount of charging electric power and the amount of discharging electric power cannot be measured with high precision.

[0094] Therefore, in Embodiment 1, in a case where AC charging and AC discharging are performed, the charging electric power and the discharging electric power are measured by the vehicle 2, and in a case where DC charging and DC discharging are performed, the charging electric power and the discharging electric power are measured by the DC charging station 5.

[0095] In the AC charging, the ECU 30 of the vehicle 2 measures the charging electric power using the detection value (voltage Vcl) of the voltage sensor 34 and the detection value (current Icl) of the current sensor 36. Since the electric power before the electric power conversion by the charger 33 is measured, the measured electric power does not include the loss amount of the electric power conversion. Also, the ECU 30 of the vehicle 2 accumulates the charging electric power measured during the execution of the AC charging, and calculates the charging electric power amount in the AC charging. Thus, the charging electric power amount supplied from the power distribution system 10 can be measured with high accuracy. Note that, for example, a voltage sensor and a current sensor can be provided at the AC charging station 4 to measure the electric power before the electric power conversion based on the charger 33 of the vehicle 2, but in this case, additional cost and man-hours are required to provide the voltage sensor and the current sensor. By effectively using the voltage sensor 34 and the current sensor 36 provided with the charger 33, no additional cost and man-hours are required, and the charging electric power amount can be calculated with high accuracy. Note that, in a case where the electric power amount actually supplied to the storage battery 20 is intended to be set as the charging electric power amount, it is sufficient to measure the charging electric power using the detection value (voltage Vc2) of the voltage sensor 35 and the detection value (current Ic2) of the current sensor 37, and to calculate the cumulative value thereof as the charging electric power amount.

[0096] In the AC discharging, the ECU 30 of the vehicle 2 measures the discharging electric power using the detection value (voltage Vc2) of the voltage sensor 35 and the detection value (current Ic2) of the current sensor 37. Since the electric power amount before the electric power conversion by the charger 33 is measured, the measured electric power does not include the loss amount of the electric power conversion. Also, the ECU 30 of the vehicle 2 accumulates the discharging electric power measured during the execution of the AC discharging, and calculates the discharging electric power amount in the AC discharging. Thus, the discharging electric power amount supplied from the storage battery 20 can be measured with high accuracy. Note that, in a case where the electric power amount actually supplied to the power distribution system 10 is intended to be set as the discharging electric power amount, it is sufficient for the ECU 30 of the vehicle 2 to measure the discharging electric power using the detection value (voltage Vcl) of the voltage sensor 34 and the detection value (current Icl) of the current sensor 36, and to calculate the cumulative value thereof as the discharging electric power amount.

[0097] The ECU 30 of the vehicle 2 transmits the calculated charging electric power amount and / or the calculated discharging electric power amount to the vehicle management server 3 via the communication device 29. The vehicle management server 3 transmits the received charging electric power amount and / or the discharging electric power amount to the charging station management server 6. Thereby, the charging electric power amount in the AC charging and / or the discharging electric power amount in the AC discharging is shared with the charging station management server 6. Also, the vehicle management server 3 transmits the charging electric power amount and / or the discharging electric power amount to the EMS server 7. Thereby, the EMS server 7 can appropriately manage the supply and demand state of the microgrid MG.

[0098] In the DC charging, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 measures the charging electric power using the detection value (voltage Vd1) of the voltage sensor 54 and the detection value (current Id1) of the current sensor 56. Since the electric power before the electric power conversion by the charger 53 is measured, the measured charging electric power does not include the loss amount of the electric power conversion. Also, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 accumulates the charging electric power measured during the execution of the DC charging, and calculates the charging electric power amount in the DC charging. Thus, the charging electric power amount supplied from the power distribution system 10 can be calculated with high accuracy. Note that, in a case where the electric power amount actually supplied to the storage battery 20 is to be set as the charging electric power amount, it is only necessary to measure the charging electric power using the detection value (voltage Vd2) of the voltage sensor 55 and the detection value (current Id2) of the current sensor 57, and to calculate the accumulated value thereof as the charging electric power amount.

[0099] In the DC discharging, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 measures the discharging electric power using the detection value (voltage Vd2) of the voltage sensor 55 and the detection value (current Id2) of the current sensor 57. Since the electric power amount before the electric power conversion by the charger 53 is measured, the measured electric power does not include the loss amount of the electric power conversion. Also, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 accumulates the discharging electric power measured during the execution of the DC discharging, and calculates the discharging electric power amount in the DC discharging. Thus, the discharging electric power amount supplied from the storage battery 20 can be calculated with high accuracy. Note that, in a case where the electric power amount actually supplied to the power distribution system 10 is to be set as the discharging electric power amount, it is only necessary for the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 to measure the discharging electric power using the detection value (voltage Vd1) of the voltage sensor 54 and the detection value (current Id1) of the current sensor 56, and to calculate the accumulated value thereof as the discharging electric power amount.

[0100] The control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 transmits the calculated charging electric power amount and / or the calculated discharging electric power amount to the charging station management server 6 via the communication device 52. The charging station management server 6 transmits the received charging electric power amount and / or the discharging electric power amount to the vehicle management server 3. Thereby, the charging electric power amount in the DC charging and / or the discharging electric power amount in the DC discharging is shared with the vehicle management server 3. Also, the charging station management server 6 transmits the charging electric power amount and / or the discharging electric power amount to the EMS server 7. Thereby, the EMS server 7 can appropriately manage the supply-demand state of the microgrid MG.

[0101] <flowchart>

[0102] <<AC charging>>

[0103] Figure 3is a flowchart showing the order of processes performed in AC charging. The processes of this flowchart start, for example, when a condition for implementing a boost DR (an increased requirement for power demand) is established. Although the processes of the flowchart shown in FIG. 12 are described below as being implemented by the software of the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A, the control device 41 of the AC charging station 4, the vehicle management server 3, the charging station management server 6, and the EMS server 7, part or all of the processes can be implemented by hardware (electrical circuitry) made in the ECU 30A, the control device 41, the vehicle management server 3, the charging station management server 6, and / or the EMS server 7. Figure 3 Figure 4 11 The steps of the flowchart shown in FIG. 12 (hereinafter, the steps are simply referred to as "S") are implemented by the software of the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A, the control device 41 of the AC charging station 4, the vehicle management server 3, the charging station management server 6, and the EMS server 7, but part or all of the steps can be implemented by hardware (electrical circuitry) made in the ECU 30A, the control device 41, the vehicle management server 3, the charging station management server 6, and / or the EMS server 7.

[0104] In S1, the EMS server 7, in response to a case where the power system PG is requested to adjust the supply and demand (an increased requirement for power demand) from the power distribution operator server 8, implements a boost DR to the vehicle management server 3.

[0105] In S2, the vehicle management server 3, in response to the boost DR, transmits a charging request to the vehicle 2A.

[0106] In S3, the user of the vehicle 2A agrees to respond to the boost DR, and connects the charging connector of the charging cable 44 of the AC charging station 4 to the AC inlet 31. Then, a charging start operation based on the user of the vehicle 2A is performed. The charging start operation can be, for example, an operation of pressing a charging start button (not shown) displayed on an HMI device (not shown) of the vehicle 2A in a state where the charging connector of the charging cable 44 is connected to the AC inlet 31. The ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A, when detecting that the charging start operation has been performed, outputs a start request for AC charging to the AC charging station 4.

[0107] In S4, the control device 41 of the AC charging station 4, in response to the start request, starts supplying alternating current power to the vehicle 2A. Thus, AC charging is started.

[0108] In S5, the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A, when AC charging is started, starts measuring the charging power supplied from the AC charging station 4. The ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A continues to measure the charging power supplied from the AC charging station 4 during the execution of AC charging, i.e., during the period when the charging power is supplied from the AC charging station 4. Note that the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A measures the charging power using the detection value (voltage Vc1) of the voltage sensor 34 and the detection value (current Ic1) of the current sensor 36.

[0109] ​​In S6, the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A outputs an end request of AC charging to the AC charging station 4 when it is determined that an end condition of AC charging is satisfied. The end condition of AC charging can include, for example, a condition in which the storage battery 20A becomes a fully charged state, a condition in which the SOC of the storage battery 20A reaches a pre-set SOC, a condition in which a pre-set charging time elapses, a condition in which supply of an amount of electric power requested by a charging request is accepted, and the like.

[0110] In S7, the control device 41 of the AC charging station 4 ends supply of alternating current to the vehicle 2A in response to the end request. Thus, AC charging ends.

[0111] In S8, the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A calculates a cumulative value of the charging electric power measured in S5 as an amount of charging electric power, and transmits the calculated amount of charging electric power to the vehicle management server 3.

[0112] In S9, the vehicle management server 3 transmits the amount of charging electric power accepted from the vehicle 2A to the EMS server 7.

[0113] In S10, the vehicle management server 3 transmits the amount of charging electric power accepted from the vehicle 2A to the charging station management server 6.

[0114] <<AC Discharge>>

[0115] Figure 4 is a flowchart showing the order of processes executed in AC discharge. The processes of this flowchart start, for example, when a condition in which DR (demand response: suppression of demand for electric power) is reduced is satisfied.

[0116] In Sll, the EMS server 7 responds to a case in which supply-demand adjustment of the power system PG (suppression of demand for electric power) is requested from the power distribution operator server 8, and reduces DR to the vehicle management server 3.

[0117] In S12, the vehicle management server 3 responds to the reduction of DR, and transmits a discharge request to the vehicle 2A.

[0118] In S13, the user of the vehicle 2A agrees to respond to the reduction of DR, and connects the charging connector of the charging cable 44 of the AC charging station 4 to the AC inlet 31. Then, a discharge start operation based on the user of the vehicle 2A is performed. The discharge start operation can be, for example, an operation of pressing a discharge start button (not shown) displayed on an HMI device (not shown) of the vehicle 2 in a state in which the charging connector of the charging cable 44 is connected to the AC inlet 31. The ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A outputs a start notification of AC discharge to the AC charging station 4 when it detects a case in which the discharge start operation is performed.

[0119] In S14, the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A controls the charger 33 to start discharging to the AC charging station 4.

[0120] In S15, the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A starts measurement of the discharging power supplied to the AC charging station 4 when the AC discharging is started. The ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A continues the measurement of the discharging power supplied to the AC charging station 4 during execution of the AC discharging, i.e., during the period in which the discharging power is supplied to the AC charging station 4. Note that the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A uses the detection value of the voltage sensor 35 (voltage Vc2) and the detection value of the current sensor 37 (current Ic2) to perform the measurement of the discharging power.

[0121] In S16, the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A stops the supply of the AC power to the AC charging station 4 when it is determined that the end condition of the AC discharging is satisfied, and outputs a notification of the end of the AC discharging to the AC charging station 4. The end condition of the AC discharging can include, for example, a condition in which the SOC of the battery 20A reaches a lower limit SOC or a pre-set SOC, a condition in which a pre-set discharging time elapses, a condition in which an amount of power required by the discharging request is supplied, and the like.

[0122] In S17, the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A calculates a cumulative value of the discharging power measured in S15 as a discharging power amount, and transmits the calculated discharging power amount to the vehicle management server 3.

[0123] In S18, the vehicle management server 3 transmits the discharging power amount received from the vehicle 2A to the EMS server 7.

[0124] In S19, the vehicle management server 3 transmits the discharging power amount received from the vehicle 2A to the charging station management server 6.

[0125] <<DC charging>>

[0126] Figure 5 is a flowchart showing the order of processes performed in the DC charging. The processes of this flowchart are started, for example, when the condition for implementing the DR promotion is satisfied. Although the processes of the flowchart shown in FIG. 9 are described below, the processes of the flowchart shown in FIG. 9 can be implemented by software processing based on the ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5, the vehicle management server 3, the charging station management server 6, and the EMS server 7, but part or all of the processes can be implemented by hardware (electrical circuit) made in the ECU 30B, the control device 51, the vehicle management server 3, the charging station management server 6, and / or the EMS server 7. Figure 5 , the processes described later Figure 6 , 8 , 9, but part or all of the processes can be implemented by hardware (electrical circuit) made in the ECU 30B, the control device 51, the vehicle management server 3, the charging station management server 6, and / or the EMS server 7.

[0127] In S21, the EMS server 7, in response to a case where the power system PG is requested to adjust the supply and demand (increase in power demand) from the power distribution operator server 8, implements the promotion of DR to the vehicle management server 3.

[0128] In S22, the vehicle management server 3, in response to the promotion of DR, transmits a charging request to the vehicle 2B.

[0129] In S23, the user of the vehicle 2B agrees to the response to the promotion of DR, and connects the charging connector of the charging cable 58 of the DC inlet 38 of the DC charging station 5. Then, a charging start operation based on the user of the vehicle 2B is performed. The ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B, when detecting a case where the charging start operation is performed, outputs a start request of DC charging to the DC charging station 5.

[0130] In S24, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5, in response to the start request, starts the supply of the direct current power to the vehicle 2B. Thus, the DC charging is started.

[0131] In S25, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5, when the DC charging is started, starts the measurement of the charging power supplied to the vehicle 2B. The control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 continues the measurement of the charging power supplied to the vehicle 2B during the execution of the DC charging, that is, during the period in which the charging power is supplied to the vehicle 2B. Note that the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 uses the detection value (voltage Vd1) of the voltage sensor 54 and the detection value (current Id1) of the current sensor 56 to perform the measurement of the charging power.

[0132] In S26, the ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B, when judging that the end condition of the DC charging is established, outputs an end request of the DC charging to the DC charging station 5. The end condition of the DC charging can employ the same condition as the end condition of the AC charging described above.

[0133] In S27, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5, in response to the end request, ends the supply of the direct current power to the vehicle 2B. Thus, the DC charging is ended.

[0134] In S28, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 calculates the cumulative value of the charging power measured in S25 as a charging power amount, and transmits the calculated charging power amount to the charging station management server 6.

[0135] In S29, the charging station management server 6 transmits the charging power amount received from the DC charging station 5 to the EMS server 7.

[0136] In S30, the charging station management server 6 transmits the amount of charging electric power accepted from the DC charging station 5 to the vehicle management server 3.

[0137] <<DC discharge>>

[0138] Figure 6 is a flowchart showing the order of processes executed in the DC discharge. The processes of this flowchart start, for example, when the condition for implementing the DR reduction is satisfied.

[0139] In S31, the EMS server 7, in response to a case where the power system PG is requested to adjust the supply and demand (suppression of power demand) from the power distribution operator server 8, implements the DR reduction to the vehicle management server 3.

[0140] In S32, the vehicle management server 3, in response to the DR reduction, transmits a discharge request to the vehicle 2B.

[0141] In S33, the user of the vehicle 2B agrees to the response to the DR reduction, and connects the charging connector of the charging cable 58 of the DC charging station 5 at the DC inlet 38. Then, a discharge start operation based on the user of the vehicle 2B is performed. The ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B, when detecting a case where the discharge start operation is performed, outputs a start notification of the DC discharge to the DC charging station 5.

[0142] In S34, the ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B starts the discharge to the DC charging station 5.

[0143] In S35, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 controls the charger 53 to convert the direct current electric power accepted from the vehicle 2B into alternating current electric power, and supply to the power distribution system 10. The control device 51 of the DC charging station 5, when the DC discharge starts, starts measurement of the discharge electric power supplied to the power distribution system 10. The control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 continues the measurement of the discharge electric power supplied to the power distribution system 10 during the execution of the DC discharge, that is, during the period in which the discharge electric power is supplied to the power distribution system 10 (the period in which the electric power is accepted from the vehicle 2B). Note that the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 uses the detection value of the voltage sensor 55 (voltage Vd2) and the detection value of the current sensor 57 (current Id2) to perform the measurement of the discharge electric power.

[0144] In S36, the ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B, when determining that the end condition of the DC discharge is satisfied, stops the supply of the discharge electric power to the DC charging station 5, and outputs an end notification of the DC discharge to the DC charging station 5. The end condition of the DC discharge can adopt the same condition as the end condition of the AC discharge described above.

[0145] In S37, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 calculates the cumulative value of the discharging electric power measured in S35 as a discharging electric power amount, and transmits the calculated discharging electric power amount to the charging station management server 6.

[0146] In S38, the charging station management server 6 transmits the discharging electric power amount accepted from the vehicle 2B to the EMS server 7.

[0147] In S39, the charging station management server 6 transmits the discharging electric power amount accepted from the vehicle 2B to the vehicle management server 3.

[0148] As described above, in the electric power system 1 of Embodiment 1, in a case where AC charging and AC discharging are performed, the charging electric power and the discharging electric power are measured by the vehicle 2, and in a case where DC charging and DC discharging are performed, the charging electric power and the discharging electric power are measured by the DC charging station 5. Thereby, in whichever of AC charging, AC discharging, DC charging, and DC discharging, the charging electric power amount or the discharging electric power amount is calculated on the basis of the electric power before the electric power conversion by the charger 33, 53 (charging electric power or discharging electric power). The calculated charging electric power amount and discharging electric power amount include the loss amount of the electric power conversion. Thereby, the charging electric power amount and the discharging electric power amount can be calculated with high accuracy. That is, the charging electric power amount supplied from the electric power distribution system 10 to the vehicle 2 and the discharging electric power amount supplied from the vehicle 2 to the electric power distribution system 10 can be measured with high accuracy.

[0149] Further, the charging electric power and the discharging electric power can be measured using the voltage sensors 34, 35 and the current sensors 36, 37 provided together with the charger 33, and the voltage sensors 54, 55 and the current sensors 56, 57 provided together with the charger 53, whereby the occurrence of additional costs and man-hours can be suppressed.

[0150] [Modified Example 1]

[0151] Communication malfunctions can sometimes occur between the DC charging station 5 and the charging station management server 6. Even in such a case, it is desirable to appropriately output the charging electric power amount in DC charging and / or the discharging electric power amount in DC discharging to various servers (the vehicle management server 3, the charging station management server 6, and the EMS server 7). Note that hereinafter, the charging electric power amount and the discharging electric power amount calculated in the DC charging station 5 will also be collectively referred to as "first measured electric power amount".

[0152] Figure 7 is a diagram showing the outline of the structure of the electric power system 1A of Modified Example 1. The electric power system 1A differs from the electric power system 1 of Embodiment 1 in the transmission destination of the first measured electric power amount by the DC charging station 5.

[0153] In a case where communication with the charging station management server 6 cannot be performed, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 transmits the first measured power amount to the vehicle 2B via the communication device 52. The ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B, when receiving the first measured power amount from the DC charging station 5, transmits the first measured power amount to the vehicle management server 3 via the communication device 29B. Then, the vehicle management server 3 transmits the first measured power amount received from the vehicle 2B to the EMS server 7. Thereby, the EMS server 7 can recognize the charging power amount in DC charging and / or the discharging power amount in DC discharging.

[0154] In addition, the vehicle management server 3 transmits the first measured power amount received from the vehicle 2B to the charging station management server 6. Thereby, the charging station management server 6 can recognize the charging power amount in DC charging and / or the discharging power amount in DC discharging.

[0155] Note that the case where the modified example 1 is applied is not limited to a case where communication between the DC charging station 5 and the charging station management server 6 cannot be performed. For example, the DC charging station 5 can be configured to always transmit the first measured power amount to the vehicle 2B. If such a configuration is adopted, the charging station management server 6 can be omitted.

[0156] Figure 8 is a flowchart showing the order of processes performed in DC charging in the modified example 1. Figure 8 The flowchart of Figure 5 The flowchart of Figure 8 The other processes of the flowchart of Figure 5 The processes of the flowchart of

[0157] In S40, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 detects a case where communication failure occurs between the DC charging station 5 and the charging station management server 6. Note that in S40, in a case where communication failure between the DC charging station 5 and the charging station management server 6 is not detected, the processes of S28 to S30 of Figure 5 may be performed.

[0158] In S41, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 calculates the cumulative value of the charging power measured in S25 as the charging power amount, and transmits the calculated charging power amount to the vehicle 2B.

[0159] In S42, the ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B transmits the charging power amount received from the DC charging station 5 to the vehicle management server 3.

[0160] In S43, the vehicle management server 3 transmits the amount of charge electric power accepted from the vehicle 2B to the EMS server 7.

[0161] In S44, the vehicle management server 3 transmits the amount of charge electric power accepted from the vehicle 2B to the charging station management server 6.

[0162] Note that the process of S40 can be omitted, and the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 transmits the amount of charge electric power to the vehicle 2B at all times.

[0163] Figure 9 is a flowchart showing the order of processes performed in the DC discharge of Modification 1. Figure 9 The flowchart of Figure 6 The flowchart of Figure 9 The other processes of the flowchart of Figure 6 The processes of the flowchart of

[0164] In S45, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 detects a case where communication malfunctions occur between the charging station management server 6. Note that in S45, in a case where communication malfunctions between the charging station management server 6 are not detected, only the processes of S37 to S39 of Figure 6

[0165] In S46, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 calculates the cumulative value of the discharge electric power measured in S35 as the amount of discharge electric power, and transmits the calculated amount of discharge electric power to the vehicle 2B.

[0166] In S47, the ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B transmits the amount of discharge electric power accepted from the DC charging station 5 to the vehicle management server 3.

[0167] In S48, the vehicle management server 3 transmits the amount of discharge electric power accepted from the vehicle 2B to the EMS server 7.

[0168] In S49, the vehicle management server 3 transmits the amount of discharge electric power accepted from the vehicle 2B to the charging station management server 6.

[0169] Note that the process of S45 can be omitted, and the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5 transmits the amount of discharge electric power to the vehicle 2B at all times.

[0170] ​As described above, in the electric power system 1A of the modified example 1, even in a case where communication between the DC charging station 5 and the charging station management server 6 cannot be performed, the charging electric power amount and / or the discharging electric power amount can be transmitted to various servers (the vehicle management server 3, the charging station management server 6, and the EMS server 7) via the vehicle 2B.

[0171] [Modified Example 2]

[0172] Communication failure can sometimes occur between the vehicle 2A and the vehicle management server 3. Even in such a case, it is desirable to appropriately output the charging electric power amount in AC charging and / or the discharging electric power amount in AC discharging to various servers (the vehicle management server 3, the charging station management server 6, and the EMS server 7). Note that, hereinafter, the charging electric power amount and the discharging electric power amount calculated in the vehicle 2A will also be collectively referred to as "second measured electric power amount".

[0173] Figure 10 is a diagram that schematically shows the structure of the electric power system 1B of the modified example 2. The electric power system 1B differs from the electric power system 1 of the embodiment 1 in the transmission destination of the second measured electric power amount transmitted by the vehicle 2A.

[0174] In a case where communication between the vehicle 2A and the vehicle management server 3 cannot be performed, the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A transmits the second measured electric power amount to the AC charging station 4 via the communication device 29A. The control device 41 of the AC charging station 4, when receiving the second measured electric power amount from the vehicle 2A, transmits the second measured electric power amount to the charging station management server 6 via the communication device 42. Also, the charging station management server 6 transmits the second measured electric power amount received from the AC charging station 4 to the EMS server 7. Thereby, the EMS server 7 can recognize the charging electric power amount in AC charging and / or the discharging electric power amount in AC discharging.

[0175] In addition, the charging station management server 6 transmits the second measured electric power amount received from the AC charging station 4 to the vehicle management server 3. Thereby, the vehicle management server 3 can recognize the charging electric power amount in AC charging and / or the discharging electric power amount in AC discharging.

[0176] Note that the case where the modified example 2 is applied is not limited to a case where communication between the vehicle 2A and the vehicle management server 3 cannot be performed. For example, the vehicle 2A can be configured to always transmit the second measured electric power amount to the AC charging station 4. If such a configuration is adopted, the vehicle management server 3 can be omitted.

[0177] Figure 11 is a flowchart showing the order of processes performed in AC charging of the modified example 2. Figure 11 The flowchart of Figure 3the flowchart of FIG. 6, the processes of S8-S10 are deleted, and the processes of S50-S54 are added. Figure 11 the flowchart of FIG. 6, the processes of S8-S10 are deleted, and the processes of S50-S54 are added. Figure 3 the flowchart of FIG. 6, the processes of S8-S10 are deleted, and the processes of S50-S54 are added.

[0178] In S50, the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A detects a case where communication malfunctions occur between the vehicle management server 3. Note that in S50, in a case where communication malfunctions between the vehicle management server 3 are not detected, only the processes of S8-S10 of FIG. 6 are executed. Figure 3

[0179] In S51, the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A calculates the cumulative value of the charge electric power measured in S5 as the charge electric power amount, and transmits the calculated charge electric power amount to the AC charging station 4.

[0180] In S52, the control device 41 of the AC charging station 4 transmits the charge electric power amount accepted from the vehicle 2A to the charging station management server 6.

[0181] In S53, the charging station management server 6 transmits the charge electric power amount accepted from the AC charging station 4 to the EMS server 7.

[0182] In S54, the charging station management server 6 transmits the charge electric power amount accepted from the AC charging station 4 to the vehicle management server 3.

[0183] Note that the process of S50 can be omitted, and the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A transmits the charge electric power amount to the AC charging station 4 at all times.

[0184] Figure 12 is a flowchart indicating the order of the processes executed in the AC discharge of Modification 2. Figure 12 the flowchart of FIG. 6, the processes of S8-S10 are deleted, and the processes of S50-S54 are added. Figure 4 the flowchart of FIG. 6, the processes of S8-S10 are deleted, and the processes of S50-S54 are added. Figure 12 the flowchart of FIG. 6, the processes of S8-S10 are deleted, and the processes of S50-S54 are added. Figure 4 the flowchart of FIG. 6, the processes of S8-S10 are deleted, and the processes of S50-S54 are added.

[0185] In S55, the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A detects a case where communication malfunctions occur between the vehicle management server 3. Note that in S55, in a case where communication malfunctions between the vehicle management server 3 are not detected, only the processes of S17-S19 of FIG. 6 are executed. Figure 4

[0186] ​​In S56, the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A calculates the cumulative value of the discharge electric power measured in S15 as the discharge electric power amount, and transmits the calculated discharge electric power amount to the AC charging station 4.

[0187] In S57, the control device 41 of the AC charging station 4 transmits the discharge electric power amount accepted from the vehicle 2A to the charging station management server 6.

[0188] In S58, the charging station management server 6 transmits the discharge electric power amount accepted from the AC charging station 4 to the EMS server 7.

[0189] In S59, the charging station management server 6 transmits the discharge electric power amount accepted from the AC charging station 4 to the vehicle management server 3.

[0190] Note that the process of S55 can be omitted, and the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A can always transmit the discharge electric power amount to the AC charging station 4.

[0191] As described above, in the power system 1B of the modified example 2, even in the case where communication between the vehicle 2A and the vehicle management server 3 cannot be performed, the charging electric power amount and / or the discharge electric power amount can be transmitted to various servers (the vehicle management server 3, the charging station management server 6, and the EMS server 7) via the AC charging station 4.

[0192] [Embodiment 2]

[0193] Figure 13 is a diagram showing the outline of the structure of the power system 1C of Embodiment 2. The power system 1C of Embodiment 2 omits the vehicle management server 3 with respect to the power system 1 of Embodiment 1, and changes the AC charging station 4 to an AC charging station 4C. The other structures of the power system 1C are the same as those of the power system 1, and thus the same reference numerals are attached, and the description thereof is omitted.

[0194] In the power system 1C, in the AC charging, the AC discharging, the DC charging, and the DC discharging, the charging stations (the AC charging station 4 and the DC charging station 5) perform measurement of electric power, and calculate the charging electric power amount and the discharge electric power amount. Also, the calculated charging electric power amount and the discharge electric power amount are transmitted from the charging stations to the charging station management server 6, and further, from the charging station management server 6 to the EMS server 7. The processes performed in the DC charging and the DC discharging are the same as those of Embodiment 1, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

[0195] The AC charging station 4C adds a voltage sensor 45 and a current sensor 46 with respect to the AC charging station 4.

[0196] The voltage sensor 45 detects the voltage Vc3 applied to the power line L1, and outputs a signal showing the detection result to the control device 41.

[0197] The current sensor 46 detects the current Ic3 flowing in the power line L1 and outputs a signal representing the detection result thereof to the control device 41.

[0198] In the AC charging, the control device 41 measures the charging power using the detection value (voltage Vc3) of the voltage sensor 45 and the detection value (current Ic3) of the current sensor 46. The control device 41 accumulates the charging power measured during the execution of the AC charging and calculates the amount of the charging power in the AC charging. In the calculation of the amount of the charging power, the power before the power conversion by the charger 33 of the vehicle 2A is used, and thus the calculated amount of the charging power does not include the loss amount of the power conversion. Thus, the amount of the charging power supplied from the power distribution system 10 can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0199] In the AC discharging, the control device 41 measures the discharging power using the detection value (voltage Vc3) of the voltage sensor 45 and the detection value (current Ic3) of the current sensor 46. The control device 41 accumulates the discharging power measured during the execution of the AC discharging and calculates the amount of the discharging power in the AC discharging. In this case, the calculated amount of the discharging power includes the loss amount of the power conversion, but the actual amount of the discharging power supplied to the power distribution system 10 can be calculated.

[0200] The control device 41 transmits the calculated amount of the charging power and the calculated amount of the discharging power to the charging station management server 6 via the communication device 42. The charging station management server 6 transmits the amounts of the charging power and the discharging power to the EMS server 7. Thus, the EMS server 7 can appropriately manage the supply-demand state of the microgrid MG.

[0201] Figure 14 is a flowchart showing the order of the process executed in the AC charging of Embodiment 2. The process of this flowchart is started, for example, when a condition for implementing a boost DR (a request for an increase in power demand) is established. In Embodiment 2, the request for an increase in power demand is transmitted directly from the EMS server 7 to the vehicle 2A.

[0202] In S61, the EMS server 7 responds to a case where the power system PG is requested to adjust the supply and demand (an increase in power demand) from the power distribution operator server 8 and requests the vehicle 2A to boost the DR.

[0203] In S62, the user of the vehicle 2A agrees to respond to the boost DR and connects the charging connector of the charging cable 44 of the AC inlet 31 of the AC charging station 4C. Then, a charging start operation based on the user of the vehicle 2A is performed. The ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A outputs a start request of the AC charging to the AC charging station 4C when it detects that the charging start operation is performed.

[0204] In S63, the control device 41 of the AC charging station 4C responds to the start request, and starts the supply of the alternating current power to the vehicle 2A. Thus, the AC charging is started.

[0205] In S64, the control device 41 of the AC charging station 4C starts the measurement of the charging power supplied to the vehicle 2A when the AC charging is started. The control device 41 of the AC charging station 4C continues the measurement of the charging power supplied to the vehicle 2A during the execution of the AC charging, i.e., during the period in which the charging power is supplied to the vehicle 2A.

[0206] In S65, the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A outputs the end request of the AC charging to the AC charging station 4 when it is determined that the end condition of the AC charging is satisfied.

[0207] In S66, the control device 41 of the AC charging station 4C responds to the end request, and ends the supply of the alternating current power to the vehicle 2A. Thus, the AC charging is ended.

[0208] In S67, the control device 41 of the AC charging station 4C calculates the cumulative value of the charging power measured in S64 as the charging power amount, and transmits the calculated charging power amount to the charging station management server 6.

[0209] In S68, the charging station management server 6 transmits the charging power amount received from the AC charging station 4C to the EMS server 7.

[0210] Figure 15 is a flowchart showing the order of the processing executed in the AC discharging in Embodiment 2. The processing of this flowchart is started, for example, when the condition of implementing the reduction of DR (the request for the suppression of the power demand) is satisfied. In Embodiment 2, the request for the suppression of the power demand is transmitted directly from the EMS server 7 to the vehicle 2A.

[0211] In S71, the EMS server 7 responds to the case where the supply-demand adjustment of the power system PG (the suppression of the power demand) is requested from the power distribution operator server 8, and implements the reduction of DR for the vehicle 2A.

[0212] In S72, the user of the vehicle 2A agrees to the response to the reduction of DR, and connects the charging connector of the charging cable 44 of the AC charging station 4C to the AC inlet 31. Then, the discharging start operation based on the user of the vehicle 2A is performed. The ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A outputs the start notification of the AC discharging to the AC charging station 4C when it detects the case where the discharging start operation is performed.

[0213] In S73, the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A controls the charger 33, and starts the discharging to the AC charging station 4C.

[0214] In S74, the control device 41 of the AC charging station 4C starts measurement of the discharge electric power supplied from the vehicle 2A when the AC discharge starts. The control device 41 of the AC charging station 4C continues the measurement of the discharge electric power supplied from the vehicle 2A during execution of the AC discharge, that is, during the period in which the discharge electric power is accepted from the vehicle 2A.

[0215] In S75, the ECU 30A of the vehicle 2A stops the supply of the discharge electric power to the AC charging station 4C when it is determined that the end condition of the AC discharge is satisfied, and outputs a notification of the end of the AC discharge to the AC charging station 4C.

[0216] In S76, the control device 41 of the AC charging station 4C calculates the cumulative value of the electric power measured in S74 as the discharge electric power amount, and transmits the calculated discharge electric power amount to the charging station management server 6.

[0217] In S77, the charging station management server 6 transmits the discharge electric power amount accepted from the AC charging station 4C to the EMS server 7.

[0218] As described above, in the electric power system 1C of Embodiment 2, the AC charging station 4C and the DC charging station 5 perform measurement of electric power, and calculation of the charging electric power amount and the discharge electric power amount in the AC charging, the AC discharge, the DC charging, and the DC discharge. Although the cost and the man-hours are required for providing the voltage sensor 45 and the current sensor 46 at the AC charging station 4C, the vehicle management server 3 can be omitted.

[0219] [Embodiment 3]

[0220] Figure 16 is a diagram showing the outline of the structure of the electric power system 1D of Embodiment 3. The electric power system 1D of Embodiment 3 omits the charging station management server 6 with respect to the electric power system 1 of Embodiment 1, and changes the DC charging station 5 to the DC charging station 5D. The other structures of the electric power system 1D are the same as those of the electric power system 1, and thus the same reference numerals are attached, and the description thereof is omitted.

[0221] In the electric power system 1D, the vehicle 2 performs measurement of electric power, and calculation of the charging electric power amount and the discharge electric power amount in the AC charging, the AC discharge, the DC charging, and the DC discharge. Furthermore, the calculated charging electric power amount and the discharge electric power amount are transmitted from the vehicle 2 to the vehicle management server 3, and from the vehicle management server 3 to the EMS server 7. The processes performed in the AC charging and the AC discharge are the same as those of Embodiment 1, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

[0222] The control device 51 of the DC charging station 5D transmits information indicating the conversion efficiency of the charger 53 to the vehicle 2B at the start of DC charging or at the end of DC charging. The conversion efficiency is calculated in advance based on the specifications of the charger 53, for example, and stored in a storage device (not shown) included in the DC charging station 5D or the like. The control device 51 reads out the information indicating the conversion efficiency from the storage device and transmits the read information indicating the conversion efficiency to the vehicle 2B via the communication device 52.

[0223] In DC charging, the ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B measures the charging power using the detected value (voltage VB) of the voltage sensor 22 and the detected value (current IB) of the current sensor 23 of the monitoring unit 21. The ECU 30B accumulates the charging power measured during the execution of DC charging and calculates the amount of charging power in DC charging. Then, the ECU 30B calculates the amount of charging power supplied from the power distribution system 10 using the amount of charging power in DC charging and the information indicating the conversion efficiency accepted from the DC charging station 5. For example, the amount of charging power supplied from the power distribution system 10 can be calculated by dividing the amount of charging power in DC charging by the conversion efficiency as shown in the following equation (1).

[0224] Amount of charging power supplied from power distribution system 10 = Amount of charging power in DC charging / Conversion efficiency … (1)

[0225] By using the information of the conversion efficiency, the amount of charging power that does not include the loss amount based on the power conversion of the charger 53 can be calculated. Thus, the amount of charging power supplied from the power distribution system 10 can be calculated with high accuracy.

[0226] In DC discharging, the ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B measures the discharging power using the detected value (voltage VB) of the voltage sensor 22 and the detected value (current IB) of the current sensor 23 of the monitoring unit 21. The ECU 30B accumulates the discharging power measured during the execution of DC discharging and calculates the amount of discharging power in DC discharging. The calculated amount of discharging power does not include the power conversion loss. Thus, the amount of discharging power supplied from the vehicle 2B to the DC charging station 5 can be calculated with high accuracy. Note that, in a case where the actual amount of power supplied to the power distribution system 10 is intended to be set as the amount of discharging power, information indicating the conversion efficiency of the charger 53 in DC discharging can be acquired from the DC charging station 5, and the amount of discharging power supplied to the power distribution system 10 can be calculated using the information indicating the conversion efficiency.

[0227] The ECU 30B transmits the calculated amount of charging power and the calculated amount of discharging power to the vehicle management server 3 via the communication device 29B. The vehicle management server 3 transmits the amount of charging power and the amount of discharging power to the EMS server 7. Thereby, the EMS server 7 can appropriately manage the supply and demand state of the microgrid MG.

[0228] Figure 17 is a flowchart showing the order of the processing performed in DC charging of Embodiment 3. The processing of this flowchart starts, for example, when the condition of implementing DR (increased requirement of power demand) is established.

[0229] In S81, the EMS server 7, in response to the case where the power system PG is requested to adjust the supply and demand (increased requirement of power demand) from the power distribution operator server 8, requests the vehicle management server 3 to implement DR.

[0230] In S82, the vehicle management server 3, in response to the implementation of DR, transmits a charging request to the vehicle 2B.

[0231] In S83, the user of the vehicle 2B agrees to the response to the implementation of DR, and connects the charging connector of the charging cable 58 of the DC charging station 5D at the DC inlet 38. Then, a charging start operation based on the user of the vehicle 2B is performed. The ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B, when detecting the case where the charging start operation is performed, outputs a start request of DC charging to the DC charging station 5D.

[0232] In S84, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5D, in response to the start request, starts the supply of direct current to the vehicle 2B. Thus, DC charging is started.

[0233] In S85, the ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B, when DC charging is started, starts the measurement of the charging power supplied from the DC charging station 5D. The ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B continues the measurement of the charging power received from the DC charging station 5D during the execution of DC charging, that is, during the period in which the supply of the charging power from the DC charging station 5D is accepted.

[0234] In S86, the ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B, when judging that the end condition of DC charging is established, outputs an end request of DC charging to the DC charging station 5D.

[0235] In S87, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5D, in response to the end request, ends the supply of direct current to the vehicle 2B. Thus, DC charging is ended.

[0236] In S88, the control device 51 of the DC charging station 5D notifies the vehicle 2B of information indicating the conversion efficiency of the charger 53 in DC charging.

[0237] In S89, the ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B calculates the charging power amount using the cumulative value of the charging power measured in S85 and the information indicating the conversion efficiency.

[0238] In S90, the ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B transmits the amount of charge electric power calculated in S89 to the vehicle management server 3.

[0239] In S91, the vehicle management server 3 transmits the amount of charge electric power accepted from the vehicle 2B to the EMS server 7.

[0240] Figure 18 is a flowchart showing the order of the processing executed in the DC discharge in Embodiment 3. The processing of this flowchart starts, for example, when the condition of implementing reduction of DR (demand response) is established.

[0241] In S100, the EMS server 7 responds to the case where the demand and supply adjustment of the power system PG (demand response) is requested from the power transmission and distribution operator server 8, and implements reduction of DR to the vehicle management server 3.

[0242] In S101, the vehicle management server 3 responds to the reduction of DR, and transmits a discharge request to the vehicle 2B.

[0243] In S102, the user of the vehicle 2B agrees to the response to the reduction of DR, and connects the charge connector of the charge cable 58 of the DC charging station 5D at the DC inlet 38. Then, a discharge start operation based on the user of the vehicle 2B is performed. The ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B outputs a start notification of the DC discharge to the DC charging station 5D when detecting that the discharge start operation is performed.

[0244] In S103, the ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B starts the discharge to the DC charging station 5D.

[0245] In S104, the ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B starts measurement of the discharge electric power supplied from the storage battery 20B to the DC charging station 5D when the DC discharge starts. The ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B continues the measurement of the discharge electric power supplied to the DC charging station 5D during execution of the DC discharge.

[0246] In S105, the ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B stops the supply of the discharge electric power to the DC charging station 5D when judging that the end condition of the DC discharge is established, and outputs an end notification of the DC discharge to the DC charging station 5D.

[0247] In S106, the ECU 30B of the vehicle 2B calculates the cumulative value of the discharge electric power measured in S104 as the amount of discharge electric power, and transmits the calculated amount of discharge electric power to the vehicle management server 3.

[0248] In S107, the vehicle management server 3 transmits the amount of discharge electric power accepted from the vehicle 2B to the EMS server 7.

[0249] As described above, in the electric power system ID of Embodiment 3, the vehicle 2A, 2B performs measurement of electric power, and performs calculation of the amount of charge electric power and the amount of discharge electric power in AC charging, AC discharging, DC charging, and DC discharging. Thereby, the charging station management server 6 can be omitted.

[0250] In addition, in DC charging, information indicating the conversion efficiency of the charger 53 is transmitted from the DC charging station 5D to the vehicle 2B. The vehicle 2B uses the information indicating the conversion efficiency to calculate the amount of charge electric power. Thereby, the amount of charge electric power supplied from the electric power distribution system 10 can be calculated with high precision. Note that, as the conversion efficiency, a uniform value (for example, 90% or the like) can be stored in advance in the vehicle 2.

[0251] While the embodiments of the present application have been described, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are for illustration only and not limiting. The scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and includes all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalents.

Claims

1. An electric power system comprising: a vehicle configured to perform external charging in which an electric power supplied from outside the vehicle is used to charge a storage battery, and external discharging in which an electric power of the storage battery is supplied to outside the vehicle; a charging station that performs supply and reception of an electric power between an alternating-current power source outside the vehicle and the vehicle in the external charging and the external discharging; and a server configured to be able to communicate with the charging station, wherein in a case where the electric power supplied and received between the vehicle and the charging station in the external charging and the external discharging is an alternating-current electric power, the vehicle includes a first charger configured to be able to convert an alternating-current electric power supplied from the charging station into a direct-current electric power, and convert a direct-current electric power supplied from the storage battery into an alternating-current electric power, the charging station includes a first detection device that detects a charging electric power supplied to the vehicle and a discharging electric power supplied from the vehicle, the charging station measures the charging electric power or the discharging electric power using a detection value of the first detection device, and transmits a first measurement value that is a result of the measurement to the server, wherein in a case where the electric power supplied and received between the vehicle and the charging station in the external charging and the external discharging is a direct-current electric power, the charging station includes: a charger configured to be able to convert an alternating-current electric power supplied from the alternating-current power source into a direct-current electric power, and convert a direct-current electric power supplied from the vehicle into an alternating-current electric power; and a second detection device that detects an electric power before the electric power conversion by the charger, the charging station measures the charging electric power supplied to the vehicle or the discharging electric power supplied from the vehicle using a detection value of the second detection device, and transmits a second measurement value that is a result of the measurement to the server. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

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