A high-precision wind-measuring balloon

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-precision wind measuring balloon, comprising a wind measuring balloon sphere, wherein a rough structure is provided on the outer surface of the wind measuring balloon sphere. By providing the rough structure on the outer surface of the wind measuring balloon sphere, the self-rotation of the wind measuring balloon sphere caused by asymmetric wake is reduced by the rough structure. Different from traditional smooth balloons, the wind measuring balloon sphere with a rough structure on the surface can effectively separate airflow, control the separation of wake, and reduce the change in the balloon's motion state caused by turbulence and rotation, reduce the balloon's self-induced motion, and reduce the balloon's exposure to forces other than wind, so that the balloon can rise at a stable speed, thereby obtaining highly accurate and detailed meteorological data of wind and wind shear, and improving the accuracy of wind measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wind measuring balloons, and in particular to a high-precision wind measuring balloon. Background Art

[0002] Wind direction and speed have always been important parameters for weather forecasting. They are used to judge the generation, evolution and movement of weather systems, and play a very important role in understanding the overall weather. Furthermore, wind direction and speed are also used in meteorology to calculate the divergence and vorticity of the air, and to calculate the water vapor flux and water vapor flux divergence in combination with the water vapor content. The vertical movement speed of the air can also be approximately deduced using formulas, thereby calculating the possibility of rainfall, rainfall area, rainfall intensity and duration, and other results.

[0003] More importantly, wind direction and speed at mid- and high-altitude levels also significantly impact space launches. Wind speeds are highest in the atmosphere, and shear winds are particularly strong, occurring between 8 and 15 kilometers above the ground. When a rocket reaches this altitude, excessive wind speeds can cause the rocket to warp and deform, potentially damaging the structure or even causing it to disintegrate. Therefore, high-altitude wind forecasts are crucial to rocket flight safety.

[0004] At present, both ordinary weather forecasts and space launches in China use ordinary latex balloons carrying sounding instruments to measure wind speed. The existing methods for measuring wind direction and wind speed are to convert the longitude, latitude and altitude data in the geocentric coordinate system into the azimuth, elevation and slant distance in the station-centered coordinate system through coordinate conversion, thereby calculating the high-altitude wind direction and wind speed. However, this method directly ignores the effects of the balloon's self-rotation and wake; that is, the current method of calculating wind direction and wind speed completely ignores the balloon's own movement. But the actual situation is that the balloon's ascent speed is relatively large, with an average ascent speed of about 6 meters per second. At this speed, the balloon's Reynolds number and the maximum lateral force it receives are roughly estimated as follows:

[0005] The Reynolds number is calculated as Re=UD / v, where U is the incoming velocity, D is the characteristic length, which is the diameter of the balloon. The minimum length on the ground is about 1.5m, and v is the kinematic viscosity. The kinematic viscosity of the air changes as the balloon rises, but there is no order of magnitude change, so we take 1.5*10^- 5 m 2 / s, substitute data:

[0006] On the ground, Re = 600,000. If the diameter of the high-altitude balloon reaches 5 meters, then Re = 2,000,000. This is already a very obvious turbulent process. The balloon wake is difficult to predict, which has a great impact on the balloon movement.

[0007] In addition, the maximum lateral force coefficient of the sphere under various Reynolds numbers is roughly around 0.1, so 0.1 is taken for calculation.

[0008] The formula for calculating the lateral force is F = 0.5ρV 2 CyA;

[0009] Where F is the lateral force, ρ is the air density, V is the incoming velocity, Cy is the lateral force coefficient, and A is the reference area, or the area facing the wind. Substituting these values ​​into the equation, we get the maximum lateral force F = 4.1 N.

[0010] At an altitude of 20 km, the pressure is about 50 hPa, the temperature is about -60 degrees Celsius, and the density is 0.082 kg / m 3 According to the ideal gas state equation, the diameter of the balloon at this height is 3.6m. Substituting the data into the solution, the maximum lateral force F = 1.5N.

[0011] Since the balloon is filled with hydrogen, the mass of hydrogen in the sphere is 0.157 kg, plus the 0.75 kg of the conventional balloon, the system mass is 0.907 kg. Under the above two maximum lateral forces, the acceleration of the balloon is a 地面 =4.5m / s 2 , a 20km =1.65m / s 2 .

[0012] It can be seen from this that the turbulence and lateral force of the balloon will have a great impact on the movement of the balloon, making accurate wind measurement meaningless. In situations where high-precision wind direction and wind speed are required, such as space launches, it is obviously unreasonable to ignore the self-motion of the balloon. However, both turbulence and lateral force are constantly changing and irregular, so they cannot be corrected through algorithms at present. The only way to solve or reduce the impact of such problems is to work on the balloon itself. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-precision wind measuring balloon to at least solve the problem in the prior art that the wind measuring balloon has low wind measurement accuracy due to its own movement.

[0014] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a high-precision wind measuring balloon, including a wind measuring balloon body, and the outer surface of the wind measuring balloon body is provided with a rough structure.

[0015] Furthermore, the rough structure is a conical protrusion, and the top of the conical protrusion extends toward the outside of the wind measuring balloon body.

[0016] Furthermore, the rough structure includes a plurality of conical protrusions, and the plurality of conical protrusions are randomly and densely distributed on the outer surface of the wind measuring balloon.

[0017] Furthermore, the conical protrusion is in the shape of a right cone, and the regular cross-section of the conical protrusion is an equilateral triangle.

[0018] Furthermore, the wind measuring balloon is a sphere made of a thin film material.

[0019] Furthermore, the sphere of the wind measuring balloon is a sphere obtained by thermal synthesis of polyester film or low-density polyethylene film.

[0020] Furthermore, an air release valve for controlling the internal and external pressure difference of the wind measuring balloon is installed at the lower part of the wind measuring balloon.

[0021] Furthermore, a sonde is hung on the lower part of the wind measuring balloon.

[0022] Furthermore, the weight of the sonde does not exceed 150 g.

[0023] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, a rough structure is provided on the outer surface of the wind measuring balloon sphere, and the self-rotation of the wind measuring balloon sphere caused by asymmetric wake is reduced by the rough structure; the wind measuring balloon sphere with a rough structure on the surface can effectively separate the airflow, control the separation of the wake, and reduce the change in the balloon's motion state caused by turbulence and rotation, reduce the balloon's self-induced motion, and reduce the forces acting on the balloon other than wind, so that the balloon can rise at a stable speed, thereby obtaining highly accurate and detailed meteorological data of wind and wind shear, and improving the accuracy of wind measurement.

[0024] In addition to the above-described objects, features and advantages, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a high-precision wind measuring balloon according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0028] 1. Wind balloon body; 2. Conical protrusion; 3. Air release valve; 4. Sounding instrument. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the following will provide a more comprehensive and detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other unless there is a conflict.

[0030] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used hereinafter have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. The words "one" or "an" and the like used in the patent application specification and claims of the present invention do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. Words such as "connected" or "connected" and the like are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship also changes accordingly.

[0031] See Figure 1 A high-precision wind-measuring balloon according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a balloon body 1, with a roughened structure disposed on the outer surface of the balloon body 1. Specifically, the roughened structure comprises a plurality of conical protrusions 2, with the apex of each conical protrusion 2 extending outward from the balloon body 1. The plurality of conical protrusions 2 are randomly and densely distributed on the outer surface of the balloon body 1.

[0032] The high-precision wind-measuring balloon described above features a roughened surface on its outer surface, which reduces the self-rotation of the balloon 1 caused by asymmetric wake turbulence. Unlike traditional smooth balloons, the roughened surface of the balloon 1 effectively separates airflow, controls wake separation, and reduces changes in the balloon's motion caused by turbulence and rotation. This reduces the balloon's self-induced motion and the forces acting on it besides wind, allowing the balloon to ascend at a stable speed. This allows for the acquisition of highly accurate and detailed meteorological data on wind and wind shear, thereby enhancing wind measurement accuracy.

[0033] It should be noted that the rough structure provided on the outer surface of the wind measuring balloon sphere 1 can also adopt other existing roughness elements, and is not limited to conical protrusions 2. For example, the rough structure can also be a rectangular or triangular pyramid structure. The number of rough structures (such as conical protrusions 2) can be specifically set according to actual conditions. For example, the outer surface of the wind measuring balloon sphere 1 can have 400 of the above-mentioned conical protrusions 2 at a random density.

[0034] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the conical protrusion 2 is in the shape of a right cone, and the front cross-section of the conical protrusion 2 is an equilateral triangle (i.e., the front view of the cone is an equilateral triangle). Through research, it was found that providing a right conical rough structure on the outer surface of the wind measuring balloon sphere 1 has the best effect, is most conducive to the stable rise of the wind measuring balloon sphere 1, and improves the accuracy of wind measurement. By distributing rough structures on the outer surface of the wind measuring balloon sphere 1, the airflow on the surface of the circular wind measuring balloon sphere 1 can be disturbed, turbulence can be formed as soon as possible, and the wake can be prevented from acting on the sphere to cause rotation and affect the measurement results. Through research, it was found that the use of a right conical rough structure has the best effect.

[0035] Specifically, the wind balloon sphere 1 has a diameter of 2 meters, a right circular cone height of 8 cm, and is deployed at an altitude of approximately 20,000 meters. Tropospheric wind vibrations, wind shear, and other physical effects are numerous and significant, significantly impacting the structure and flight attitude of aircraft. Accurate wind profile measurements are essential for space rocket design to monitor and assess wind-induced rocket loads. Using the aforementioned wind balloon sphere 1, high-precision wind measurements can be performed in the troposphere.

[0036] In this embodiment, the wind-measuring balloon sphere 1 is made of a thin film material. Specifically, it is formed by thermally synthesizing a polyester film or low-density polyethylene film approximately 0.012 mm thick. Compared to traditional latex balloons, the wind-measuring balloon sphere 1 maintains virtually unchanged volume during ascent, ensuring a stable ascent speed. The film-like structure, combined with the airflow-separating effect of the roughened outer surface, significantly improves the balloon's stability during ascent.

[0037] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a deflation valve 3 is installed at the bottom of the wind-measuring balloon 1. This deflation valve 3 is used to control the pressure differential between the inside and outside of the balloon 1. The wind-measuring balloon 1 used in the present invention is a thin-film superpressure balloon with a limited pressure capacity, typically between 600 and 800 Pa. Without deflation, the balloon would prematurely explode during ascent, making it difficult to reach the desired altitude. Furthermore, deflation allows the balloon to maintain its volume during ascent, thereby maintaining a stable ascent speed and posture. The deflation valve 3 maintains a stable internal pressure by controlling the pressure differential between the inside and outside of the balloon.

[0038] Specifically, the deflation valve 3 is consistent with the principle of a spring-loaded safety valve (pressure relief valve). When the internal pressure of the wind measuring balloon sphere 1 exceeds the specified value (this value must be less than the pressure limit of the wind measuring balloon sphere 1), the spring of the deflation valve 3 is pushed open, and part of the gas in the wind measuring balloon sphere 1 is discharged into the atmosphere. When the air pressure in the wind measuring balloon sphere 1 drops to a level that is not enough to push the deflation valve 3, the deflation stops, so that the pressure in the wind measuring balloon sphere 1 never exceeds the allowable value, thereby ensuring that the wind measuring balloon sphere 1 does not explode due to excessive pressure.

[0039] In this embodiment, a sounding instrument 4 is also suspended from the lower part of the wind measuring balloon sphere 1. The sounding instrument 4 is lightweight and weighs no more than 150g. By providing the above-mentioned sounding instrument 4, it can serve as a counterweight to increase the stability of the wind measuring balloon sphere 1, lower the center of gravity of the balloon, and help reduce the self-induced motion of the wind measuring balloon sphere 1, and can also transmit sounding data. The length of the connecting line between the sounding instrument 4 and the wind measuring balloon sphere 1 should not be too long to avoid excessive swing amplitude of the sounding instrument 4.

[0040] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision wind-measuring balloon, comprising a wind-measuring balloon body (1), characterized in that: The outer surface of the wind measuring balloon sphere (1) is provided with a rough structure; the rough structure is a conical protrusion (2), and the cone top of the conical protrusion (2) extends toward the outside of the wind measuring balloon sphere (1); the rough structure includes a plurality of the conical protrusions (2), and the plurality of the conical protrusions (2) are randomly distributed on the outer surface of the wind measuring balloon sphere (1); the shape of the conical protrusion (2) is a right cone, and the right cross-section of the conical protrusion (2) is an equilateral triangle; the lower part of the wind measuring balloon sphere (1) is equipped with an air release valve (3) for controlling the internal and external pressure difference of the wind measuring balloon sphere (1).

2. The high-precision wind measurement balloon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind measuring balloon sphere (1) is a sphere made of a thin film material.

3. The high-precision wind measurement balloon according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wind measuring balloon sphere (1) is a sphere obtained by thermally synthesizing a polyester film or a low-density polyethylene film.

4. The high-precision wind measurement balloon according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sonde (4) is hung on the lower part of the wind measuring balloon body (1).

5. The high-precision wind measurement balloon according to claim 4, characterized in that: The weight of the radiosonde (4) does not exceed 150g.

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