Lens, lens barrel, camera module and electronic device

Abstract

This application discloses a lens, a camera module, and an electronic device. The lens includes a substrate and a moisture-resistant layer encapsulating the substrate. The moisture-resistant layer comprises one or more metal oxide films fabricated using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology, and the atomic density of the moisture-resistant layer is 1 atm / cm³. 3 Up to 20×10 22 atm / cm 3 Within the specified range, the water vapor permeability of the moisture-resistant layer is less than 10%. ‑2 g / (m 2 The aforementioned lenses have a long service life without deformation or with very small deformation in high temperature and high humidity or normal temperature and high humidity environments, which is beneficial for improving the imaging clarity of camera modules when used continuously in such environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of shooting equipment technology, and in particular to a lens, camera module, and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] In the smart terminal market, camera modules are gradually developing towards multi-focal length, large imaging target surface, and compact design with extreme miniaturization. Their main value lies in the fact that the photography function covers the entire focal length (from ultra-wide-angle to ultra-telephoto), the image effect is high-definition, the color reproduction is close to reality, and the ultra-thin or extremely miniaturized design is adapted to the limited space of terminal devices.

[0003] Optical lenses are essential components of camera modules. Generally called camera lenses or photographic lenses, or simply lenses, their function is to focus objects in space onto an electronic image sensor, directly determining the quality of the image. Subsequent image processing algorithms also depend on the quality of the lens. The image quality of a lens is related to many factors. In high-humidity environments, lenses designed for sensitive lenses are prone to deformation due to moisture penetration, which significantly affects image quality, causing blurry images and even posing a risk of malfunction for some camera modules. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a lens, a camera module, and an electronic device. The lens has a longer lifespan and does not deform or deforms very little when used in normal temperature and high humidity or high temperature and high humidity environments, thereby improving the imaging clarity of the camera module when used continuously in normal temperature and high humidity or high temperature and high humidity environments.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a lens for use in a camera module. The lens includes a substrate and an anti-humidity layer encapsulating the substrate. The anti-humidity layer comprises one or more metal oxide films fabricated using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology, and the atomic density of the anti-humidity layer is 1 atm / cm³. 3 Up to 20×10 22 atm / cm 3 Within the range, the water vapor transmission rate is less than 10. -2 g / (m 2 ·day).

[0006] In this application, the moisture-proof layer is used to block moisture from entering the substrate material, thereby delaying the time when the substrate deforms and fails, so that the lens can work for a longer time without deformation or with less deformation in a high humidity environment.

[0007] Because the moisture-resistant layer is a dense oxide structure formed through atomic layer deposition, it has high atomic density and low water vapor transmittance. This allows the moisture-resistant layer to effectively block water molecules from entering the substrate even in high-humidity environments. This results in a longer lens lifespan with minimal or no deformation in high-humidity environments, improving the imaging clarity of the camera module during continuous use in high-temperature and high-humidity conditions. Specifically, the moisture-resistant layer exhibits excellent water vapor blocking effects in both high-temperature and high-humidity environments (e.g., 85% humidity and 85°C) and normal-temperature and high-humidity environments (e.g., 85% humidity and 30°C), with minimal or no lens deformation.

[0008] Furthermore, the anti-humidity layer formed by atomic layer deposition is of uniform thickness and is suitable for coating complex surfaces. It can effectively prevent water vapor from entering due to undeposited blank areas on the substrate, thus affecting the anti-water vapor penetration performance and making the lens's anti-humidity performance reliable.

[0009] In some possible implementations, the thickness of the moisture-resistant layer ranges from 1 nm to 500 nm.

[0010] In this implementation, the anti-humidity layer can have a relatively thin thickness while meeting the water vapor transmission requirements, thus avoiding problems such as reduced lens transmittance and stress concentration caused by an excessively thick film. Furthermore, the thinner thickness of the anti-humidity layer also helps to reduce its deposition time, thereby improving processing efficiency.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the roughness of the moisture-resistant layer is in the range of 0.5 nm to 5 nm. At this level, the forming quality of the moisture-resistant layer is high, effectively ensuring its atomic density and water vapor permeability, resulting in high reliability.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the metal oxide film of the moisture-resistant layer includes aluminum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, or silicon. For example, the moisture-resistant layer may include an aluminum oxide film, a titanium oxide film, a silicon oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, and / or a zirconium oxide film.

[0013] In some possible implementations, the moisture-resistant layer includes a metal oxide film. In this case, the moisture-resistant layer is simple to manufacture, easy to implement, and low in cost.

[0014] The moisture-proof layer may include an aluminum oxide film or a silicon oxide film, with a thickness ranging from 20 nm to 200 nm. While maintaining sufficient water vapor transmission rate, the moisture-proof layer can be selected with a thinner film thickness within this range to reduce the attenuation of the lens's transmittance, thus improving the lens's overall transmittance.

[0015] In some possible implementations, the moisture-resistant layer comprises multiple layers of metal oxide films. Specifically, the moisture-resistant layer includes at least one first metal oxide film and at least one second metal oxide film, which are alternately stacked. The material of the second metal oxide film is different from that of the first metal oxide film.

[0016] In this implementation, the moisture-resistant layer comprises multiple stacked metal oxide films. These multiple metal oxide films can, on the one hand, utilize the misalignment of defects in different material layers to extend the failure path of these defects, thus achieving a better moisture barrier effect; on the other hand, they can utilize the different internal stress forms of the different film layers to mutually cancel out the internal stress left during film deposition or use, thereby achieving a better moisture barrier effect for a longer period. Furthermore, because the metal oxide films are formed using atomic layer deposition technology, the films possess excellent three-dimensional conformality and large-area uniformity, resulting in a dense, pinhole-free film that also contributes to improving the moisture barrier effect of the moisture-resistant layer.

[0017] The moisture-resistant layer may include at least one alumina film layer and at least one silicon oxide film layer, with the alumina film layer and silicon oxide film layer alternately stacked. The thickness of the moisture-resistant layer is in the range of 50 nm to 500 nm. In this case, the thickness of the moisture-resistant layer is set within a reasonable range, which can achieve a small film thickness while meeting the water vapor transmission requirements, thus giving the moisture-resistant layer better light transmittance.

[0018] For example, an alumina film layer and a silicon oxide film layer are stacked to form a film layer combination. The moisture-resistant layer may include a film layer combination, that is, the moisture-resistant layer includes an alumina film layer and a silicon oxide film layer. The thickness of the alumina film layer is in the range of 10 nm to 100 nm, and the thickness of the silicon oxide film layer is in the range of 30 nm to 150 nm. In this case, the moisture-resistant layer can have a thickness of less than 10 nm. -2 g / (m 2 With a water vapor permeability of ·day, the moisture-proof layer effectively blocks water molecules. In some other implementations, the moisture-proof layer may also include multiple layers of the above-mentioned membrane stacked together to further enhance the water molecule blocking effect.

[0019] In some possible implementations, the substrate includes a first optically effective surface and a second optically effective surface disposed opposite to each other. The lens also includes a first contact layer and a second contact layer, the first contact layer being located between and covering the first optically effective surface and the moisture-resistant layer, and the second contact layer being located between and covering the second optically effective surface and the moisture-resistant layer, the refractive indices of the first contact layer and the second contact layer being between the refractive index of the substrate and the refractive index of the moisture-resistant layer.

[0020] In this implementation, the first and second contact layers can mitigate the refractive index transition between the substrate and the anti-humidity layer, which helps to reduce the reflectivity of the lens and improve image quality. Furthermore, the first and second contact layers can also be used to optimize the adhesion between the anti-humidity layer and the substrate, thereby improving the structural reliability of the lens.

[0021] In some possible implementations, the refractive index of the substrate is in the range of 1.4 to 1.85, and the refractive index of the moisture-resistant layer is in the range of 1.4 to 1.8.

[0022] In some possible implementations, the first contact layer is an organic film layer. Organic film layers include, but are not limited to, resin film layers. For example, a resin film layer with a refractive index in the range of 1.6 to 1.65 can be coated on a substrate with a refractive index of 1.67 to form the first contact layer, and a refractive index gradient is formed between the first contact layer and the substrate.

[0023] In some possible implementations, the first contact layer comprises one or more metal oxide films. The metal oxide films can be aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, or silicon oxide, etc.

[0024] In some possible implementations, the substrate includes a first optically effective surface and a second optically effective surface disposed opposite to each other. The lens also includes a first antireflective layer and a second antireflective layer, wherein the first antireflective layer is located on the side of the anti-humidity layer opposite to the first optically effective surface and covers the first optically effective surface, and the second antireflective layer is located on the side of the anti-humidity layer opposite to the second optically effective surface and covers the second optically effective surface. The first and second antireflective layers are used to reduce the reflectivity of the lens.

[0025] In this application, the refractive index of the anti-humidity layer differs significantly from that of air, with an average reflectivity exceeding 3% in the visible light wavelength range. This makes the lens prone to ghosting due to surface reflection, significantly impacting the lens's imaging quality. In this implementation, the first and second anti-reflection layers reduce the lens's reflectivity, effectively suppressing the intensity of ghosting caused by surface reflection and improving the imaging quality of the lens and camera module.

[0026] In this embodiment, the first and second antireflective layers can be directly attached to the outer surface of the moisture-proof layer to give the lens a smaller thickness. In other implementations, the first and second antireflective layers can also be independently processed and then assembled to the outer surface of the moisture-proof layer.

[0027] Among some possible implementations, the first antireflection layer can employ an interferometric film system design, which is a cyclic combination structure of high-refractive-index and low-refractive-index films. The interferometric film system design reduces surface reflection energy based on the principle of destructive interference, thereby lowering reflectivity. Specifically, the interferometric film system can achieve an average reflectivity of less than 1.0% in the visible light range, exhibiting a low average reflectivity.

[0028] In some possible implementations, the first antireflection layer includes multiple first films and multiple second films, with the first and second films stacked alternately, and the refractive index of the first film being higher than that of the second film.

[0029] The number of layers in the first antireflection layer can be in the range of 4 to 8 layers. The thickness of each layer and the stacking structure can be designed according to the reflectivity curve. The thickness of the first antireflection layer is in the range of 100nm to 400nm.

[0030] In some possible implementations, the first antireflective layer can also employ multiple refractive index gradient films to reduce surface reflection. Specifically, the first antireflective layer comprises multiple layers stacked together, with the refractive index of each layer gradually changing. The multiple layers of the first antireflective layer can be formed using spin coating or spray coating processes.

[0031] In some possible implementations, the first antireflection layer has a subwavelength structure. That is, the first antireflection layer can be a film layer with a subwavelength structure. In this implementation, the first antireflection layer can achieve an average reflectivity of less than 0.3% in the visible light band, resulting in excellent antireflection performance and improving the imaging quality of the lens.

[0032] The subwavelength structure can be a moth-eye nanostructure, a "grass-like" nanostructure, etc. The nanostructure of the first antireflection layer can be disordered or periodic.

[0033] In some possible implementations, the substrate includes a first optically effective surface and a second optically effective surface disposed opposite to each other. The lens also includes a first antireflective layer and a second antireflective layer, wherein the first antireflective layer is located between the moisture-resistant layer and the first optically effective surface and covers the first optically effective surface, and the second antireflective layer is located between the moisture-resistant layer and the second optically effective surface and covers the second optically effective surface. The first and second antireflective layers are used to reduce the reflectivity of the lens.

[0034] In this implementation, the reflectivity of the lens is reduced by the first and second antireflection layers, which can effectively suppress the intensity of ghosting caused by surface reflection of the lens, thus improving the imaging quality of the lens and camera module.

[0035] The refractive index of the first antireflection layer can be located between the refractive index of the substrate and the refractive index of the anti-humidity layer, so as to mitigate the refractive index transition trend between the substrate and the anti-humidity layer, which is beneficial to reduce the reflectivity of the lens and improve the imaging quality.

[0036] In some possible implementations, the first antireflection layer includes multiple first films and multiple second films, with the first and second films stacked alternately, and the refractive index of the first film being higher than that of the second film.

[0037] In some possible implementations, the first antireflection layer includes multiple layers stacked together, with the refractive index of the multiple layers gradually varying.

[0038] In some possible implementations, the lens further includes a first protective layer and a second protective layer. The first protective layer is located on the side of the moisture-resistant layer that faces away from the first antireflective layer and covers the first optically effective surface. The second protective layer is located on the side of the moisture-resistant layer that faces away from the second antireflective layer and covers the second optically effective surface. The hardness of the first and second protective layers is greater than the hardness of the moisture-resistant layer.

[0039] In this implementation, the first protective layer and the second protective layer are used to increase the scratch resistance of the moisture-resistant layer, thereby improving the reliability and service life of the lens.

[0040] In some possible implementations, the lens also includes a third antireflection layer and a fourth antireflection layer. The third antireflection layer is located on the side of the anti-humidity layer facing away from the first antireflection layer and covers the first optically effective surface. The fourth antireflection layer is located on the side of the anti-humidity layer facing away from the second antireflection layer and covers the second optically effective surface. The third and fourth antireflection layers are used to reduce the reflectivity of the lens.

[0041] In this implementation, the reflectivity of the lens can be effectively reduced by using the first antireflection layer, the second antireflection layer, the third antireflection layer and the fourth antireflection layer, so as to suppress the intensity of ghosting formed by the lens due to surface reflection, which is beneficial to improving the imaging quality of the lens and camera module.

[0042] In some possible implementations, the substrate includes a first optically effective surface, a second optically effective surface, a first support surface, a second support surface, and a peripheral side surface. The first and second optically effective surfaces are disposed opposite to each other, as are the first and second support surfaces. The first support surface surrounds the first and second optically effective surfaces, and the second support surface surrounds the second optically effective surface. The peripheral side surface connects the outer periphery of the first and second support surfaces. The lens also includes a light-shielding layer located on the side of the moisture-resistant layer facing away from the substrate. The light-shielding layer covers the peripheral side surface, at least a portion of the first support surface, or at least a portion of the second support surface.

[0043] In this implementation, the light-shielding layer can effectively block stray light from propagating on it, thereby improving the imaging quality of the lens. When the lens includes multiple lenses, the light-shielding ring structure between the lenses can be omitted, simplifying the lens structure and reducing its cost.

[0044] In some possible implementations, when the lens has a chamfered structure, the light-shielding layer can also cover the chamfered platform surface to block stray light from propagating on the platform surface.

[0045] In some possible implementations, the substrate can be made of optical resin, optical glass, or a liquid material. For example, when the substrate is made of optical resin, lenses, lenses, and camera modules made from this substrate can be used in mobile terminal devices such as mobile phones and tablets. Due to the fluidity and low-temperature melting characteristics of optical resin, it is suitable for molding in precision molds with high manufacturing accuracy. This allows for sub-micron level control of lens shape and eccentricity, enabling the lenses to be used in applications requiring high sensitivity to lens design, such as mobile terminal products that demand thinness and high performance. Furthermore, the lightweight, low cost, and high production capacity of optical resin also make lenses, lenses, and camera modules made from this substrate better suited for use in mobile terminals such as mobile phones in the consumer electronics field. When the substrate is made of optical glass, lenses, lenses, and camera modules made from this substrate can be used in terminal cameras in automotive and security applications. When the substrate is made of a liquid material, the shape of the lens can be changed by external force to achieve focal length variation.

[0046] For example, the substrate material can be polycarbonate. In this case, the substrate has high refractive properties, that is, a low Abbe number, and the lens can be used in thinner lenses and camera modules.

[0047] For example, the substrate material may also be a cyclic olefin copolymer or a cyclic olefin polymer.

[0048] Secondly, this application also provides a lens, including a lens barrel and at least one lens according to any of the above-mentioned methods, the lens being mounted inside the lens barrel. Due to the lens's excellent moisture resistance, the lens provides high image clarity even under continuous use in environments with normal temperature and high humidity, as well as high temperature and high humidity.

[0049] Thirdly, this application also provides a camera module, including a photosensitive element and the aforementioned lens, with the photosensitive element located on the image side of the lens. Due to the excellent moisture resistance of the lens, the camera module maintains high image clarity even under continuous use in environments with normal temperature and high humidity, as well as high temperature and high humidity.

[0050] Fourthly, this application also provides an electronic device, including an image processor and the aforementioned camera module. The image processor is communicatively connected to the camera module and is used to acquire and process image data from the camera module. Because the camera module has high imaging clarity, the electronic device can capture high-quality images. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0052] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the camera module.

[0053] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of the lens in some embodiments;

[0054] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the substrate in some other embodiments;

[0055] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the moisture-resistant layer in some embodiments.

[0056] Figure 6 yes Figure 3 The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the first antireflection layer in some embodiments.

[0057] Figure 7 yes Figure 3 The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the first antireflection layer in some other embodiments;

[0058] Figure 8 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural schematic of the lens in some other embodiments;

[0059] Figure 9 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural schematic of the lens in some other embodiments;

[0060] Figure 10 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural schematic of the lens in some other embodiments;

[0061] Figure 11 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural schematic of the lens in some other embodiments;

[0062] Figure 12 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural schematic of the lens in some other embodiments;

[0063] Figure 13 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural schematic of the lens in some other embodiments;

[0064] Figure 14 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural schematic of the lens in some other embodiments;

[0065] Figure 15 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural schematic of the lens in some other embodiments;

[0066] Figure 16 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural schematic of the lens in some other embodiments;

[0067] Figure 17 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural schematic of the lens in some other embodiments;

[0068] Figure 18 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural schematic of the lens in some other embodiments;

[0069] Figure 19 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural schematic of the lens in some other embodiments;

[0070] Figure 20 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows a structural schematic of the lens in some other embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0071] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B; the word "and / or" in the text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" refers to two or more than two.

[0072] In the following description, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "linked," and "set on" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connected" can be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.

[0073] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device 100 provided in some embodiments of this application. In this embodiment, the electronic device 100 is described as a mobile phone.

[0074] The electronic device 100 includes a housing 10, a display screen (not shown), an image processor 20, and a camera module 30. In some embodiments, the housing 10 includes a frame 101 and a back cover 102. The frame 101 and the back cover 102 can be integrally formed or assembled into a single structure. The display screen and the back cover 102 are respectively mounted on both sides of the frame 101, together enclosing the internal cavity of the device.

[0075] The image processor 20 and the camera module 30 are housed within the overall cavity of the device. The image processor 20 is communicatively connected to the camera module 30, and is used to acquire and process image data from the camera module 30. The communication connection between the camera module 30 and the image processor 20 can include data transmission via electrical connections such as wiring, or data transmission via coupling. It is understood that the camera module 30 and the image processor 20 can also be connected via other methods capable of data transmission.

[0076] The image processor 20 optimizes the digital image signal and transmits the processed signal to the display screen. The image processor 20 can be an image processing chip or a digital signal processing chip. Its function is to transmit the data obtained by the photosensitive chip to the central processing unit in a timely and fast manner and refresh the photosensitive chip. Therefore, the quality of the image processor 20 chip directly affects the image quality (such as color saturation, sharpness, etc.).

[0077] In this embodiment, the back cover 102 is provided with a camera hole 103, through which the camera module 30 collects light, serving as the rear camera of the electronic device 100. For example, the back cover 102 includes a light-transmitting lens 12, which is mounted on the camera hole 103 to allow light to pass through and to provide dust and water resistance. In other embodiments, the camera module 30 may also serve as the front camera of the electronic device 100.

[0078] Understandable, Figure 1 The installation position of the camera module 30 in the illustrated embodiment of the electronic device 100 is merely illustrative, and this application does not strictly limit the installation position of the camera module 30. In some other embodiments, the camera module 30 may also be installed in other locations on the electronic device 100, such as the upper middle or upper right corner of the back of the electronic device 100. In some other embodiments, the electronic device 100 may include a terminal body and an auxiliary component that can rotate, move, or be detached relative to the terminal body, and the camera module 30 may also be disposed on the auxiliary component.

[0079] In some embodiments, the electronic device 100 may further include an analog-to-digital converter (also known as an A / D converter, not shown in the figure). The analog-to-digital converter is connected between the camera module 30 and the image processor 20. The analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the signal generated by the camera module 30 into a digital image signal and transmit it to the image processor 20, whereby the image processor 20 processes the digital image signal and finally displays the image or video on the display screen.

[0080] In some embodiments, the electronic device 100 may further include a memory (not shown in the figure), which is communicatively connected to the image processor 20. The image processor 20 processes the digital image signal and then transmits the image to the memory so that the image can be retrieved from the storage and displayed on the screen at any time when it is needed to view the image later. In some embodiments, the image processor 20 may also compress the processed digital image signal before storing it in the memory to save memory space.

[0081] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the camera module 30.

[0082] In some embodiments, the camera module 30 includes a lens 1, a motor 2, a holder 3, a photosensitive element 4, a circuit board 5, and a filter 6.

[0083] The lens 1 may include a lens barrel 11 and a lens 12, with the lens 12 mounted inside the lens barrel 11. There may be one or more lenses 12; when there are multiple lenses 12, they form a lens group. For example, the lens 12 can be fixedly connected to the lens barrel 11 using adhesive. For instance, one lens in the lens group can rest against the lens barrel 11, with the lenses contacting and pressing against each other from the first lens to the last lens, and the last lens being connected to the lens barrel using adhesive. The optical axis of the lens 1 refers to the axis passing through the center of each lens 12. In some embodiments, the lens 1 may also include a light-shielding ring (not shown), located between the lenses 12. In some embodiments, the lens 1 may also include a spacer and / or a pressure ring (not shown), the spacer ensuring air gaps between the lenses 12, and the pressure ring pressing down on the last lens to make the lens 12 more stable within the lens barrel 11.

[0084] Lens 1 primarily utilizes the refraction principle of lens 12 for imaging. The imaging quality of lens 1 is related to many factors, including the material, surface shape, thickness, inter-surface eccentricity, and inter-surface tilt of lens 12, as well as the air gaps, eccentricity, and tilt between the lenses 12 within the lens barrel 11. Lens 1 is typically an independent and complete optical system, with a complete optical design, structural design, simulation chain, and manufacturing and assembly processes.

[0085] For example, lens 1 is mounted on motor 2, and motor 2 is fixed to one side of base 3. Motor 2 can be an autofocus motor and / or an optical image stabilization motor, used to drive lens 1 to move or tilt. In this embodiment, camera module 30 is an autofocus module and / or an optical image stabilization module.

[0086] For example, the circuit board 5 is fixed to the other side of the base 3, that is, the motor 2 and the circuit board 5 are respectively fixed to the two sides of the base 3. The photosensitive element 4 is located on the image side of the lens 1, and the photosensitive element 4 can be fixed to the circuit board 5. For example, the working principle of the camera module 30 is as follows: the light reflected from the subject passes through the lens 1 to generate an optical image and is projected onto the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive element 4. The photosensitive element 4 converts the optical image into an electrical signal, that is, an analog image signal, and transmits it to the analog-to-digital converter, so that the analog-to-digital converter can convert it into a digital image signal for the image processor 20.

[0087] The photosensitive element 4 (also known as the image sensor) is a semiconductor chip containing hundreds of thousands to millions of photodiodes on its surface. When illuminated, these photodiodes generate electrical charges. The photosensitive element 4 can be a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) device. CCDs are made using a highly sensitive semiconductor material that converts light into electrical charges. They consist of many photosensitive units, typically measured in megapixels. When light illuminates the surface of a CCD, each photosensitive unit reflects a charge onto the component. The signals generated by all the photosensitive units are combined to form a complete image. CMOS devices primarily utilize semiconductors made of silicon and germanium, allowing N-type (negative) and P-type (positive) semiconductors to coexist on the device. The current generated by these complementary effects can be recorded and interpreted by the processing chip as an image.

[0088] For example, the filter 6 is located between the lens 1 and the photosensitive element 4. For instance, the filter 6 can be fixed to the base 3. Light from outside the camera module 30 is projected onto the photosensitive element 4 after passing through the lens 1 and the filter 6. The filter 6 is used to filter out unwanted wavelengths in the light, preventing the photosensitive element 4 from producing false colors or ripples, thereby improving the effective resolution and color reproduction of the photosensitive element 4. For example, the filter 6 can be an infrared filter 6. In this embodiment, the filter 6 is a separate component. In other embodiments, the filter 6 structure can be omitted, and filtering can be achieved by surface treatment or material treatment of at least one optical element of the lens 1. This application does not strictly limit the specific embodiments of the structure or components used to achieve filtering.

[0089] In some other embodiments, the camera module 30 may not include the motor 2, and the lens 1 may be directly fixed to the base 3. That is, the lens 1 and the circuit board 5 are respectively fixed to the two sides of the base 3. In this embodiment, the camera module 30 is a fixed-focus module.

[0090] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 yes Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of lens 12 in some embodiments.

[0091] In some embodiments, the lens 12 includes a substrate 121, an anti-humidity layer 122, a first anti-reflection layer 123, and a second anti-reflection layer 124. The anti-humidity layer 122 encloses the substrate 121, meaning the substrate 121 is located inside the anti-humidity layer 122. The first anti-reflection layer 123 and the second anti-reflection layer 124 are both located outside the anti-humidity layer 122 (i.e., on the side facing away from the substrate 121), and are respectively located on both sides of the anti-humidity layer 122.

[0092] In some embodiments, the substrate 121 includes a first optically effective surface 121a, a second optically effective surface 121b, a first support surface 121c, a second support surface 121d, and a peripheral surface 121e. The first optically effective surface 121a and the second optically effective surface 121b are disposed opposite to each other. The first optically effective surface 121a and / or the second optically effective surface 121b can be a spherical surface, an aspherical surface, a freeform surface, etc., and the embodiments of this application do not strictly limit this. The first support surface 121c and the second support surface 121d are disposed opposite to each other, and the first support surface 121c is disposed around the first optically effective surface 121a, and the second support surface 121d is disposed around the second optically effective surface 121b. The peripheral surface 121e connects the outer periphery of the first support surface 121c and the outer periphery of the second support surface 121d. Among them, the first optical effective surface 121a and the second optical effective surface 121b are located in the effective optical area of ​​the lens 12. The effective optical area is the area used to deflect light rays. The effective optical area is also the area where the optical effective path is located. In addition to covering the light path of the outermost light rays, some transition areas are reserved to compensate for processing and assembly errors. The first support surface 121c and the second support surface 121d are located in the non-effective optical area of ​​the lens 12. The non-effective optical area is the area that is not used to deflect light rays but can be used to support or rest on the lens 12. The non-effective optical area is also the area where the optical non-effective path is located. The above-mentioned support surface can also be called the bearing surface. The peripheral surface 121e can also be called the side wall surface.

[0093] In this embodiment, the optical path of the lens 12 can be altered by setting the surface shape and relative position of the first optically effective surface 121a and the second optically effective surface 121b. When the lens 12 is mounted in the lens barrel 11, the first support surface 121c and the second support surface 121d of the substrate 121 can be used to cooperate with the lens barrel 11 and / or spacers, etc., to fix the lens 12 inside the lens 1, ensuring a stable and reliable position and thus guaranteeing the stability of the optical path of the lens 1. The peripheral surface 121e of the substrate 121 can also be used to cooperate with the lens barrel 11, etc., to ensure the connection stability between the lens 12 and the lens barrel 11. In some other embodiments, the first support surface 121c and / or the second support surface 121d of the lens 12 can also contact the support surface (121c / 121d) of an adjacent lens 12 to form a lens fitting structure. In some other embodiments, the substrate 121 may not have the first support surface 121c and the second support surface 121d provided, and the lens 12 is fixedly connected to the lens barrel 11 through the peripheral side surface 121e of the substrate 121.

[0094] For example, please refer to the following: Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the substrate 121 shown is presented in some other embodiments. The first optically effective surface 121a and the second optically effective surface 121b can have various surface shapes, for example, as... Figure 3 As shown, the first optically effective surface 121a and the second optically effective surface 121b both bulge in the same direction, and the substrate 121 forms a crescent-shaped structure. Figure 4 As shown, the first optically effective surface 121a and the second optically effective surface 121b protrude in opposite directions, and the substrate 121 forms a double-convex or double-concave shape; or, the substrate 121 forms a "W" shape. The shape of the substrate 121 in the embodiments of this application is not strictly limited.

[0095] In some embodiments, the substrate 121 can be made of optical resin material, optical glass material, or liquid material. For example, when the substrate 121 is made of optical resin material, the lens 12, lens 1, and camera module 30 included with the substrate 121 can be applied to mobile terminal devices such as mobile phones and tablets. Due to the fluidity and low-temperature melting characteristics of optical resin material, it is suitable for molding in precision molds and has high manufacturing precision. This allows the surface shape control of the lens 12 to be controlled at the sub-micron level, and the eccentricity control to also be at the sub-micron level. The lens 12 can be applied to application scenarios with high sensitivity requirements for lens 12 design, such as in mobile terminal products that pursue thinness and high performance. In addition, the light weight, low cost, and large production capacity of optical resin also make the lens 12, lens 1, and camera module 30 of the substrate 121 better suitable for mobile terminals such as mobile phones in the consumer electronics field. When the substrate 121 is made of optical glass material, the lens 12, lens 1, and camera module 30 included with the substrate 121 can be applied to terminal cameras in the automotive and security fields. When the substrate 121 is made of liquid material, the shape of the lens 12 can be changed by external force to achieve a change in focal length.

[0096] For example, substrate 121 can be made of polycarbonate (PC) material, giving it high refractive properties, i.e., a low Abbe number. In this case, lens 12 can be used in a thinner lens 1 and camera module 30. In other embodiments, substrate 121 can also be made of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) or cycloolefin polymer (COP) material. This application does not strictly limit the specific material of substrate 121.

[0097] In some embodiments, the moisture-proof layer 122 is used to block moisture from entering the substrate 121 material, thereby delaying the time when the substrate 121 deforms and fails, so that the lens 12 can work for a longer time without deformation or with less deformation in a high humidity environment.

[0098] In some embodiments, the moisture-resistant layer 122 comprises one or more metal oxide films fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology, and the atomic density of the moisture-resistant layer 122 is 1 atm / cm³. 3 Up to 20×10 22 atm / cm 3 Within the specified range, the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the moisture-resistant layer 122 is less than 10. -2 g / (m 2·day).

[0099] In this embodiment, the moisture-resistant layer 122 is a dense oxide structure formed by atomic layer deposition, possessing high atomic density and low water vapor transmittance. This allows the moisture-resistant layer 122 to effectively block water molecules from entering the substrate 121 even in high-humidity environments, resulting in a longer lifespan for the lens 12 in high-humidity environments without deformation or with minimal deformation. This improves the imaging clarity of the camera module 30 during continuous use in high-temperature and high-humidity environments. Specifically, the moisture-resistant layer 122 in this embodiment exhibits good water vapor blocking effects in both high-temperature and high-humidity environments (e.g., 85% humidity and 85°C) and normal-temperature and high-humidity environments (e.g., 85% humidity and 30°C), with the lens 12 showing no deformation or minimal deformation.

[0100] In addition, the anti-humidity layer 122 formed by atomic layer deposition has a uniform thickness and is suitable for coating complex surfaces. It can effectively prevent water vapor from entering due to undeposited blank areas on the substrate 121, thus affecting the anti-water vapor penetration performance and making the anti-humidity performance of the lens 12 reliable.

[0101] In some lenses, when the lens substrate is made of polycarbonate, the high water absorption rate of polycarbonate, typically around 0.2% to 0.37%, means that if the lens cannot effectively block moisture, moisture can enter the substrate. After the substrate absorbs sufficient water, its physical dimensions change significantly, leading to microscopic deformation of the lens and changes in the gaps between lens assemblies, thus reducing the image sharpness of the lens. In this embodiment, because the moisture-proof layer 122 has excellent water-blocking effect, when the lens 12 uses polycarbonate for the substrate 121 to obtain high refractive properties, moisture will not enter the substrate 121 or the amount entering the substrate 121 is very small. This means that even if the substrate 121 itself has a high water absorption rate, the lens 12 is less prone to microscopic deformation, thereby ensuring the image sharpness of the lens 1.

[0102] In some lenses, when a partially chamfered structure is used (e.g., I-CUT or D-CUT), the lens shape changes after water saturation, and the amount of variation differs between the chamfered and unchamfered directions. This results in a significant difference in surface shape between the chamfered and unchamfered lenses in the two orthogonal directions, known in the industry as As (As), causing astigmatism problems in the lens, meaning the optimal imaging positions in the sagittal and meridional directions are not on the same plane. In this embodiment, because the moisture-blocking layer 122 has a good water vapor barrier effect, the lens 12 is not prone to microscopic deformation. Therefore, the astigmatism problem caused by water absorption by the lens 12 can be effectively suppressed, resulting in clear imaging of the lens 1 using the lens 12.

[0103] In some embodiments, the thickness of the anti-humidity layer 122 ranges from 1 nm to 500 nm. In this embodiment, the anti-humidity layer 122 is thin enough to meet the water vapor transmission requirements, thus avoiding problems such as reduced light transmittance of the lens 12 and stress concentration caused by an excessively thick film. Furthermore, the thinner thickness of the anti-humidity layer 122 also helps to reduce its deposition time, thereby improving processing efficiency.

[0104] In some embodiments, the roughness of the moisture-resistant layer 122 is in the range of 0.5 nm to 5 nm. In this case, the molding quality of the moisture-resistant layer 122 is high, effectively ensuring its atomic density and water vapor permeability, resulting in high reliability.

[0105] In some embodiments, the metal oxide film of the moisture-resistant layer 122 includes aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), or silicon (Si). For example, the moisture-resistant layer 122 may include an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) film, a titanium oxide (TiO2) film, a silicon oxide (SiO2) film, a hafnium oxide (HfO2) film, and / or a zirconium oxide (ZrO2) film.

[0106] In some embodiments, the anti-humidity layer 122 comprises a metal oxide film layer. In this case, the process of the anti-humidity layer 122 is simple, easy to implement, and low in cost. For example, the material of the anti-humidity layer 122 is alumina or silicon oxide, that is, the anti-humidity layer 122 comprises an alumina film layer or a silicon oxide film layer. The thickness of the anti-humidity layer 122 is in the range of 20 nm to 200 nm. While meeting the water vapor transmission requirements, a thinner film thickness can be selected within this range to reduce the attenuation of the light transmittance of the lens 12 by the anti-humidity layer 122, thereby improving the light transmittance of the lens 12.

[0107] In some embodiments, the moisture-resistant layer 122 comprises a multilayer metal oxide film. For example, such as... Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 yes Figure 3 The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the moisture-resistant layer 122 in some embodiments. The moisture-resistant layer 122 includes at least one first metal oxide film layer 122a and at least one second metal oxide film layer 122b, which are alternately stacked. The material of the second metal oxide film layer 122b is different from that of the first metal oxide film layer 122a.

[0108] In this embodiment, the moisture-proof layer 122 comprises multiple stacked metal oxide films. These multiple metal oxide films can, on the one hand, utilize the misalignment of defects in different material layers to extend the failure path of the film material defects, thereby achieving a better water vapor barrier effect; on the other hand, they can utilize the different internal stress forms of different film layers to mutually cancel out the internal stress left during film deposition or use, thus achieving a better water vapor barrier effect for a longer period. Furthermore, since the metal oxide films are formed using atomic layer deposition technology, the films possess excellent three-dimensional conformality and large-area uniformity, and the films are dense and free of pinholes, which also helps to improve the water vapor barrier effect of the moisture-proof layer 122.

[0109] For example, the first metal oxide film layer 122a can be made of aluminum oxide, and the second metal oxide film layer 122b can be made of silicon oxide. That is, the anti-humidity layer 122 includes at least one aluminum oxide film layer and at least one silicon oxide film layer, which are alternately stacked. The thickness of the anti-humidity layer 122 can be in the range of 50 nm to 500 nm. In this case, the thickness of the anti-humidity layer 122 is set within a reasonable range, allowing for a smaller film thickness while meeting the water vapor transmission requirements, thus enabling the anti-humidity layer 122 to have better light transmittance.

[0110] For example, an alumina film layer and a silicon oxide film layer are stacked to form a film layer combination. The anti-humidity layer 122 may include a film layer combination, that is, the anti-humidity layer 122 includes an alumina film layer and a silicon oxide film layer. The thickness of the alumina film layer is in the range of 10 nm to 100 nm, and the thickness of the silicon oxide film layer is in the range of 30 nm to 150 nm. In this case, the anti-humidity layer 122 can have a thickness of less than 10 nm. -2 g / (m 2 With a water vapor permeability of ·day, the moisture-proof layer 122 effectively blocks water molecules. In some other embodiments, the moisture-proof layer 122 may also comprise multiple layers of the above-described membranes stacked together to further enhance the water molecule blocking effect.

[0111] In some embodiments, during the fabrication of lens 12, before the fabrication of the anti-wetting layer 122, the surface to be deposited on the anti-wetting layer 122 (e.g., the outer surface of substrate 121) can be cleaned. For example, it can be treated with plasma before being placed in the cavity for atomic layer deposition. The deposition cavity of the atomic layer deposition equipment is evacuated to a pressure below 1000 Pa, and the cavity temperature is controlled within the range of 60°C to 180°C for atomic layer deposition. For lens 12 used in camera modules 30 of mobile phones and other terminal devices, the temperature of the atomic layer deposition equipment cavity does not exceed 120°C. Therefore, the chemical reaction of the deposition process needs to occur in a low-temperature environment. For this purpose, plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) technology can be used to improve the reactivity of the precursor at low temperatures, thereby achieving low-temperature atomic layer deposition of the lens.

[0112] For example, the deposition step of the moisture-resistant layer 122, which includes a multilayer metal oxide film, may include:

[0113] S01: Using an inert carrier gas, the Class A amino or alkyl metal precursor is delivered into the reaction chamber, where it undergoes a chemical reaction on the surface to be deposited after surface treatment to form chemisorption.

[0114] SO2: Inert gas is used to drive out excess amino or alkyl metal precursors and reaction byproducts that have not been chemically adsorbed by the surface from the reaction chamber, thereby removing the residues in the chamber.

[0115] S03: Using an inert carrier gas, oxygen or water vapor or other oxygen sources are introduced into the cavity to react with the metal precursor adsorbed on the surface to be deposited, thereby obtaining a metal oxide layer.

[0116] S04: High-purity inert gas is used to drive out excess oxygen sources that are not adsorbed on the surface from the reaction chamber;

[0117] S05: Steps S01 to S04 above constitute a cyclic deposition process. After multiple cyclic deposition processes, oxide layer A is obtained. The precursor is replaced with type B precursor, and the number of cyclic depositions is controlled to obtain oxide layer B. The thickness of oxide layer A or layer B can be precisely controlled by the number of deposition cycles.

[0118] In the above process, the alkyl or amino metal precursor A can include, but is not limited to, tris(dimethylamino)silane, tetra(dimethylamino)titanium, tetraisopropyl titanate, dimethylzinc, tetra(ethylmethylamino)zirconium, trimethylzirconium, tetra(dimethylamino)hafnium, tetra(ethylmethylamino)hafnium, and trimethylaluminum, while precursor B can be SiCl4 / H2O, etc. The carrier gas can be an inert gas, such as high-purity nitrogen or argon. The pulse duration of precursor A and precursor B can be in the range of 0.1 s to 5 s, and the flow rate of the carrier gas carrying the precursors can be in the range of 0.1 sccm (standard cubic centimeter per minute) to 500 sccm, allowing the two precursors to be sequentially adsorbed onto the surface to be deposited. Before introducing each new precursor, the substrate surface is cleaned with an inert carrier gas; the flow rate of the carrier gas can be in the range of 100 sccm to 1000 sccm, and the cleaning time can be in the range of 2 s to 200 s. After the oxide A layer is deposited, a carrier gas is introduced to clean the next surface to be deposited. The carrier gas flow rate can be in the range of 20 sccm to 200 sccm, and the cleaning time can be in the range of 5 min to 30 min. Then the above steps are repeated to deposit the oxide B layer.

[0119] In addition, the applicant has developed a dual-layer moisture-resistant design, namely, a single-sided atomic layer deposition coating is applied to a 10cm×10cm×125μm polyethylene terephthalate (PET) / polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) membrane material. The membrane structure consists of Al2O3 and SiO2 with thicknesses of 50nm and 50nm, respectively. The water vapor permeability is shown in Table 1 below.

[0120] Table 1

[0121]

[0122] As shown in Table 1, physical vapor deposition (PVD) coated samples were used as comparative cases, employing conventional AR (anti-reflection) film systems. The results show that the atomic layer deposition (ALD) process reduces water vapor transmission by approximately 99% compared to PVD coatings, demonstrating superior moisture resistance.

[0123] In addition, the applicant has developed a moisture-resistant design using a repeating double-layer unit structure. Specifically, an atomic layer deposition (ALD) film is deposited on one side of a 10cm×10cm×125μm polyethylene terephthalate (PET) / polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) membrane material. The membrane structure is a stacked cycle of Al2O3 and SiO2, with single-layer thicknesses of 50nm and 50nm, respectively. The number of cycles is 4, and the total membrane thickness is 400nm. The water vapor permeability is shown in Table 2 below.

[0124] Table 2

[0125]

[0126] This application uses atomic layer deposition (ALD) to deposit materials layer by layer onto the surface to be deposited, in the form of a single-atom-thick film. Compared with oxide deposition methods such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD), the film prepared by ALD in this application has smaller lattice defects, is denser, and has a more uniform thickness. It also maintains high conformability to uneven surfaces, enabling the anti-humidity layer 122 to have a sufficiently high atomic density and low water vapor permeability.

[0127] Experiments have verified that when the substrate 121 of the lens 12 is made of a high-refractive-index material (e.g., polycarbonate), the water vapor transmission rate of the anti-humidity layer 122 formed by the scheme of this application can be increased from 4 g / (m²). 2 The value drops to (5-8) x 10 from approximately 10 days ago. -3 g / (m 2 With a 24-hour water absorption rate of approximately 0.1% to approximately 0.0001%, the water absorption rate of lens 12 can be reduced from approximately 0.1% to approximately 0.0001%. This can significantly reduce the microscopic deformation of lens 12, which is made of high water absorption material, under normal temperature and high humidity or high temperature and high humidity conditions, thereby improving the imaging clarity of camera module 30 under continuous use under high temperature and high humidity (e.g., 85% humidity and 85°C) or normal temperature and high humidity (e.g., 85% humidity and 30°C) conditions.

[0128] Understandably, during the fabrication of lens 12, when atomic layer deposition is performed on substrate 121, substrate 121 needs to be fixed by a fixture. In this case, the contact area between the fixture and substrate 121 can be designed to be as small as possible to allow the moisture-resistant layer 122 to more completely cover substrate 121. Alternatively, the clamping structure and clamping process between the fixture and substrate 121 can be improved simultaneously to ensure that the moisture-resistant layer 122 more completely covers substrate 121.

[0129] Please refer to it again. Figure 3 The first antireflective layer 123 is located on the side of the anti-humidity layer 122 facing away from the first optically effective surface 121a and covers the first optically effective surface 121a. The second antireflective layer 124 is located on the side of the anti-humidity layer 122 facing away from the second optically effective surface 121b and covers the second optically effective surface 121b. The first antireflective layer 123 and the second antireflective layer 124 are used to reduce the reflectivity of the lens 12. In this embodiment, the film structure covering a surface means that the projection of the film structure on the surface completely covers the surface; the film structure can directly contact the surface, or other film layers can be disposed between the film structure and the surface, and this application does not strictly limit this.

[0130] In this application, the refractive index of the anti-humidity layer 122 differs significantly from that of air, resulting in an average reflectivity of over 3% in the visible light wavelength range. This makes the lens 12 prone to ghosting due to surface reflection, significantly impacting its imaging quality. In this embodiment, the first anti-reflection layer 123 and the second anti-reflection layer 124 reduce the reflectivity of the lens 12, effectively suppressing the intensity of ghosting caused by surface reflection and improving the imaging quality of the lens 1 and the camera module 30.

[0131] In this embodiment, the first antireflective layer 123 and the second antireflective layer 124 can be directly attached to the outer surface of the moisture-proof layer 122 to give the lens 12 a smaller thickness. In other embodiments, the first antireflective layer 123 and the second antireflective layer 124 can also be independently processed and then fixed to the outer surface of the moisture-proof layer 122 by assembly.

[0132] In some embodiments, the first antireflection layer 123 can employ an interference-type film system design, that is, a cyclic combination structure of high-refractive-index and low-refractive-index film layers. The interference-type film system design reduces surface reflection energy based on the principle of destructive interference, thereby lowering reflectivity. Specifically, the interference-type film system can achieve an average reflectivity of less than 1.0% in the visible light band, exhibiting a low average reflectivity.

[0133] like Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 yes Figure 3The diagram shows a partial structural schematic of the first antireflection layer 123 in some embodiments. Exemplarily, the first antireflection layer 123 includes multiple first film layers 123a and multiple second film layers 123b, with the first film layers 123a and second film layers 123b alternately stacked. The refractive index of the first film layer 123a is higher than that of the second film layer 123b. The number of film layers in the first antireflection layer 123 can range from 4 to 8 layers. The thickness of each film layer and the stacking structure can be designed according to the reflectance curve. The thickness of the first antireflection layer 123 is in the range of 100 nm to 400 nm. The second antireflection layer 124 can be designed with reference to the first antireflection layer 123; both can adopt the same film system design or structural design, which will not be elaborated further in this embodiment.

[0134] In other embodiments, the first antireflection layer 123 may also employ multiple refractive index gradient films to reduce surface reflection. For example, such as... Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 yes Figure 3 The diagram shows a partial structural representation of the first antireflective layer 123 in some other embodiments. The first antireflective layer 123 includes multiple layers (123c, 123d, 123e) stacked together, with the refractive indices of the multiple layers (123c, 123d, 123e) gradually changing. For example, when the outermost layer of the anti-moisture layer 122 is a silicon dioxide layer, the refractive index of the silicon dioxide layer is approximately 1.45. Therefore, the refractive indices of the multiple layers (123c, 123d, 123e) of the first antireflective layer 123 can be 1.19, 1.26, 1.31, etc., respectively. Exemplarily, the multiple layers (123c, 123d, 123e) of the first antireflective layer 123 can be formed by spin coating or spray coating processes. The second antireflective layer 124 can be designed with reference to the first antireflective layer 123, and will not be described further in this embodiment.

[0135] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 8 yes Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the lens 12 shown in some other embodiments.

[0136] In some embodiments, the lens 12 includes a substrate 121, an anti-humidity layer 122, a first anti-reflection layer 123, and a second anti-reflection layer 124. The anti-humidity layer 122 encapsulates the substrate 121 to prevent moisture from entering the substrate 121 material. The first anti-reflection layer 123 is located on the side of the anti-humidity layer 122 opposite to the first optically effective surface 121a and covers the first optically effective surface 121a; the second anti-reflection layer 124 is located on the side of the anti-humidity layer 122 opposite to the second optically effective surface 121b and covers the second optically effective surface 121b; the first anti-reflection layer 123 and the second anti-reflection layer 124 are used to reduce the reflectivity of the lens 12. Other embodiments of the substrate 121 and the anti-humidity layer 122 can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 3 The relevant descriptions of the illustrated embodiments will not be repeated here. The following mainly describes the design scheme of the first antireflection layer 123 and the second antireflection layer 124 of the lens 12 in this embodiment.

[0137] For example, the first antireflection layer 123 has a subwavelength structure, that is, the first antireflection layer 123 can be a film layer with a subwavelength structure. In this embodiment, the first antireflection layer 123 can achieve an average reflectivity of less than 0.3% in the visible light band, with good antireflection effect, which is beneficial to improving the imaging quality of the lens 12.

[0138] Furthermore, interference-type film structures struggle to overcome the wavelength shift in reflectivity curves as the incident angle increases. Additionally, considering the difficulty in controlling the uniformity of coating thickness during physical vapor deposition on complex surfaces, interference-type film structures exhibit higher reflectivity at large incident angles. In contrast, the first antireflection layer 123 in this embodiment, due to its subwavelength structure, can reduce the surface reflectivity of both normally incident and obliquely incident light, resulting in a better and more stable antireflection effect.

[0139] The subwavelength structure can be a moth-eye nanostructure, a nanostructure-like grass structure, etc. The nanostructure of the first antireflective layer 123 can be disordered or periodic. For disordered nanostructures, a nano-self-assembly process can be used to prepare them, resulting in high production efficiency and stability. For example, a thin metal oxide (such as silicon oxide or aluminum oxide) film can be deposited on the surface of the moisture-resistant layer 122 using atomic layer deposition, and then the metal oxide film can be shaped into a subwavelength structure using a nano-self-assembly process. For the moth-eye nanostructure, a nanoimprinting process can be used for preparation.

[0140] The second antireflection layer 124 can be designed with reference to the first antireflection layer 123, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0141] Please see Figure 9 , Figure 9 yes Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the lens 12 shown in some other embodiments.

[0142] In some embodiments, the lens 12 includes a substrate 121, an anti-humidity layer 122, a first anti-reflection layer 123, and a second anti-reflection layer 124. The anti-humidity layer 122 encapsulates the substrate 121 to prevent moisture from entering the substrate 121 material. The first anti-reflection layer 123 is located on the side of the anti-humidity layer 122 facing away from the first optically effective surface 121a and covers the first optically effective surface 121a; the second anti-reflection layer 124 is located on the side of the anti-humidity layer 122 facing away from the second optically effective surface 121b and covers the second optically effective surface 121b; the first anti-reflection layer 123 and the second anti-reflection layer 124 are used to reduce the reflectivity of the lens 12. Other embodiments of the substrate 121, anti-humidity layer 122, first anti-reflection layer 123, and second anti-reflection layer 124 in this embodiment can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 3 The relevant descriptions of the embodiments shown will not be repeated here.

[0143] The lens 12 may also include a first contact layer 125 and a second contact layer 126. The first contact layer 125 is located between and covers the first optically effective surface 121a and the moisture-resistant layer 122. The second contact layer 126 is located between and covers the second optically effective surface 121b and the moisture-resistant layer 122. The refractive indices of the first contact layer 125 and the second contact layer 126 are between the refractive index of the substrate 121 and the refractive index of the moisture-resistant layer 122.

[0144] In this embodiment, the first contact layer 125 and the second contact layer 126 can mitigate the refractive index transition trend between the substrate 121 and the anti-humidity layer 122, which is beneficial to reducing the reflectivity of the lens 12 and improving the imaging quality. In addition, the first contact layer 125 and the second contact layer 126 can also be used to optimize the adhesion between the anti-humidity layer 122 and the substrate 121 to improve the structural reliability of the lens 12.

[0145] Figure 9 In the illustrated embodiment, the first contact layer 125 and the second contact layer 126 are discontinuous film structures, and neither completely encapsulates the substrate 121. In other embodiments, the first contact layer 125 and the second contact layer 126 may also be continuous, complete film structures, with both encapsulating the substrate 121. This application does not strictly limit the specific arrangement of the first contact layer 125 and the second contact layer 126.

[0146] In some embodiments, the refractive index of substrate 121 is in the range of 1.40 to 1.85, the refractive index of anti-moisture layer 122 is in the range of 1.4 to 1.8, and the refractive indices of first contact layer 125 and second contact layer 126 are between the refractive index of substrate 121 and the refractive index of anti-moisture layer 122.

[0147] In some embodiments, the first contact layer 125 may be an organic film layer. Organic film layers include, but are not limited to, resin film layers. For example, a resin film layer with a refractive index in the range of 1.6 to 1.65 may be coated on a substrate 121 with a refractive index of 1.67 to form the first contact layer 125, and a refractive index gradient is formed between the first contact layer 125 and the substrate 121.

[0148] In some other embodiments, the first contact layer 125 may include a metal oxide film layer. The metal oxide film layer may be an aluminum oxide film layer, a titanium oxide film layer, or a silicon oxide film layer, etc.

[0149] In some other embodiments, the first contact layer 125 may include a multilayer metal oxide film. The metal oxide film may include an aluminum oxide film, a titanium oxide film, or a silicon oxide film, etc. In this case, the multilayer metal oxide layer may be a cyclically combined stacked structure, and the anti-reflection effect of "destructive interference" can be achieved by controlling the thickness of the stacked structure.

[0150] The second contact layer 126 can be designed with reference to the first contact layer 125, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0151] In this embodiment, the design of the first contact layer 125 and the second contact layer 126 is based on the principle of being as thin as possible to reduce the degree of light transmittance attenuation. At the same time, while meeting the refractive index gradient requirements, the first contact layer 125 and the second contact layer 126 also need to take into account adhesion, internal stress, etc., in order to avoid stress concentration in the film layer and cause the film layer to crack under high temperature, so as to improve the reliability of the lens 12.

[0152] Please see Figure 10 , Figure 10 yes Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the lens 12 shown in some other embodiments.

[0153] In some embodiments, the lens 12 includes a substrate 121, an anti-humidity layer 122, a first anti-reflection layer 123, a second anti-reflection layer 124, a first contact layer 125, and a second contact layer 126. The anti-humidity layer 122 encapsulates the substrate 121 to prevent moisture from entering the substrate 121 material. The first anti-reflection layer 123 is located on the side of the anti-humidity layer 122 opposite to the first optically effective surface 121a and covers the first optically effective surface 121a; the second anti-reflection layer 124 is located on the side of the anti-humidity layer 122 opposite to the second optically effective surface 121b and covers the second optically effective surface 121b; the first anti-reflection layer 123 and the second anti-reflection layer 124 are used to reduce the reflectivity of the lens 12. The first contact layer 125 is located between and covers the first optically effective surface 121a and the moisture-resistant layer 122. The second contact layer 126 is located between and covers the second optically effective surface 121b and the moisture-resistant layer 122. The refractive indices of the first contact layer 125 and the second contact layer 126 are between the refractive index of the substrate 121 and the refractive index of the moisture-resistant layer 122. Other embodiments of the substrate 121 and the moisture-resistant layer 122 in this embodiment can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 3 For the description of the illustrated embodiment, and other solutions for the first antireflection layer 123 and the second antireflection layer 124, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 8 The description of the illustrated embodiment, and other solutions for the first contact layer 125 and the second contact layer 126 can be found in the following references. Figure 9 The relevant descriptions of the embodiments shown will not be repeated here.

[0154] Please see Figure 11 , Figure 11 yes Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the lens 12 shown in some other embodiments.

[0155] In some embodiments, the lens 12 includes a substrate 121, an anti-humidity layer 122, a first anti-reflection layer 123, and a second anti-reflection layer 124. The anti-humidity layer 122 encapsulates the substrate 121 to prevent moisture from entering the substrate 121 material. Other embodiments of the substrate 121 and the anti-humidity layer 122 can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 3 The relevant descriptions of the embodiments shown will not be repeated here.

[0156] The first antireflective layer 123 is located between and covers the first optically effective surface 121a, and the second antireflective layer 124 is located between and covers the second optically effective surface 121b. The first and second antireflective layers 123 and 124 are used to reduce the reflectivity of the lens 12. In this embodiment, by reducing the reflectivity of the lens 12 through the first and second antireflective layers 123 and 124, the intensity of ghosting formed by surface reflection of the lens 12 can be effectively suppressed, which is beneficial to improving the imaging quality of the lens 1 and the camera module 30.

[0157] For example, the first antireflection layer 123 may include multiple first films and multiple second films, with the first and second films being stacked alternately, and the refractive index of the first film being higher than that of the second film; or, the first antireflection layer 123 may include multiple films stacked together, with the refractive indices of the multiple films gradually changing.

[0158] In this embodiment, the refractive index of the first antireflective layer 123 can be located between the refractive index of the substrate 121 and the refractive index of the anti-humidity layer 122, so as to mitigate the refractive index transition trend between the substrate 121 and the anti-humidity layer 122, which is beneficial to reduce the reflectivity of the lens 12 and improve the imaging quality. For example, if the anti-humidity layer 122 is a silicon dioxide film with a refractive index of 1.45 and the refractive index of the substrate 121 is 1.67, then the refractive index of the first antireflective layer 123 can be between 1.45 and 1.67.

[0159] In this embodiment, the design of the moisture-resistant layer 122 can also take into account scratch resistance. For example, in the camera module 30 of the terminal device, the hardness of the moisture-resistant layer 122 of the lens 12 can reach the 2H standard to meet the needs of actual use scenarios. The 2H standard refers to the pencil hardness test, which is a test method for calibrating the hardness of a coating. When the surface of the coating is scratched with a 2H-grade pencil, the coating is considered to have reached the 2H standard if no scratch occurs.

[0160] The design of the second anti-reflection layer 124 can be referenced from that of the first anti-reflection layer 123. Other aspects of the first anti-reflection layer 123 and the second anti-reflection layer 124 can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 3 The relevant descriptions of the embodiments shown will not be repeated here.

[0161] Please see Figure 12 , Figure 12 yes Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the lens 12 shown in some other embodiments.

[0162] In some embodiments, the lens 12 includes a substrate 121, an anti-humidity layer 122, a first anti-reflection layer 123, and a second anti-reflection layer 124. The anti-humidity layer 122 encapsulates the substrate 121 to prevent moisture from entering the substrate 121 material. The first anti-reflection layer 123 is located between and covers the first optically effective surface 121a, and the second anti-reflection layer 124 is located between and covers the second optically effective surface 121b. The first and second anti-reflection layers 123 and 124 are used to reduce the reflectivity of the lens 12. Other embodiments of the substrate 121 and the anti-humidity layer 122 in this embodiment can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 3 For details regarding the embodiments shown, and other solutions for the first antireflection layer 123 and the second antireflection layer 124, please refer to the following descriptions. Figure 11 The relevant descriptions of the implementation shown are not repeated here.

[0163] For example, the lens 12 may further include a first protective layer 127 and a second protective layer 128. The first protective layer 127 is located on the side of the moisture-resistant layer 122 facing away from the first anti-reflection layer 123 and covers the first optically effective surface 121a. The second protective layer 128 is located on the side of the moisture-resistant layer 122 facing away from the second anti-reflection layer 124 and covers the second optically effective surface 121b. The hardness of the first protective layer 127 and the second protective layer 128 is greater than the hardness of the moisture-resistant layer 122.

[0164] In this embodiment, the first protective layer 127 and the second protective layer 128 are used to increase the scratch resistance of the moisture-resistant layer 122, thereby improving the reliability and service life of the lens 12. For example, the hardness of the first protective layer 127 and the second protective layer 128 is above the 4H standard. The 4H standard refers to the pencil hardness rating test, a method for calibrating the hardness of a coating. If the coating surface is not scratched when rubbed with a 4H-grade pencil, the coating is considered to have reached the 4H standard hardness. For example, the first protective layer 127 and the second protective layer 128 can use an ultra-hard coating, such as an ultra-hard AR film, etc., but this embodiment does not strictly limit this.

[0165] Please see Figure 13 , Figure 13 yes Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the lens 12 shown in some other embodiments.

[0166] In some embodiments, the lens 12 includes a substrate 121, an anti-humidity layer 122, a first anti-reflection layer 123, and a second anti-reflection layer 124. The anti-humidity layer 122 encapsulates the substrate 121 to prevent moisture from entering the substrate 121 material. The first anti-reflection layer 123 is located between and covers the first optically effective surface 121a, and the second anti-reflection layer 124 is located between and covers the second optically effective surface 121b. The first and second anti-reflection layers 123 and 124 are used to reduce the reflectivity of the lens 12. Other embodiments of the substrate 121 and the anti-humidity layer 122 in this embodiment can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 3 For details regarding the embodiments shown, and other solutions for the first antireflection layer 123 and the second antireflection layer 124, please refer to the following descriptions. Figure 11 The relevant descriptions of the implementation shown are not repeated here.

[0167] For example, the lens 12 may further include a third antireflection layer 129 and a fourth antireflection layer 1210. The third antireflection layer 129 is located on the side of the anti-humidity layer 122 facing away from the first antireflection layer 123 and covers the first optically effective surface 121a. The fourth antireflection layer 1210 is located on the side of the anti-humidity layer 122 facing away from the second antireflection layer 124 and covers the second optically effective surface 121b. The third antireflection layer 129 and the fourth antireflection layer 1210 are used to reduce the reflectivity of the lens 12.

[0168] In this embodiment, the first antireflection layer 123, the second antireflection layer 124, the third antireflection layer 129 and the fourth antireflection layer 1210 can effectively reduce the reflectivity of the lens 12, thereby suppressing the intensity of ghosting formed by surface reflection of the lens 12, which is beneficial to improving the imaging quality of the lens 1 and the camera module 30.

[0169] like Figure 13 As shown, for example, the third antireflection layer 129 and the fourth antireflection layer 1210 can have a subwavelength structure; for details, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 8 The description of the first antireflection layer 123 in the illustrated embodiment will not be repeated here. In other embodiments, the third antireflection layer 129 and the fourth antireflection layer 1210 may also employ an interference-type film system design or multiple refractive index gradient films; for details, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 3 The description of the first antireflection layer 123 in the illustrated embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0170] Please see Figure 14 , Figure 14 yes Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the lens 12 shown in some other embodiments.

[0171] In some embodiments, the lens 12 includes a substrate 121, an anti-humidity layer 122, a first anti-reflection layer 123, and a second anti-reflection layer 124. The anti-humidity layer 122 encapsulates the substrate 121 to prevent moisture from entering the substrate 121 material. The first anti-reflection layer 123 is located on the side of the anti-humidity layer 122 facing away from the first optically effective surface 121a and covers the first optically effective surface 121a. The second anti-reflection layer 124 is located on the side of the anti-humidity layer 122 facing away from the second optically effective surface 121b and covers the second optically effective surface 121b. The first anti-reflection layer 123 and the second anti-reflection layer 124 are used to reduce the reflectivity of the lens 12. Other embodiments of the substrate 121, anti-humidity layer 122, first anti-reflection layer 123, and second anti-reflection layer 124 in this embodiment can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 3 The relevant descriptions of the embodiments shown will not be repeated here.

[0172] For example, lens 12 further includes a light-shielding layer 1220, which is located on the side of the moisture-resistant layer 122 facing away from the substrate 121. The light-shielding layer 1220 may cover one or more of the peripheral side surface 121e, at least a portion of the first support surface 121c, and at least a portion of the second support surface 121d. In this embodiment, the light-shielding layer 1220 can effectively block stray light from propagating on it, thereby improving the imaging quality of lens 12. When lens 1 includes multiple lenses 12, the light-shielding ring structure between the lenses 12 can be omitted, simplifying the structure of lens 12 and reducing its cost.

[0173] The light-shielding layer 1220 may cover part or all of the first support surface 121c, or part or all of the second support surface 121d, or the peripheral side surface 121e, or a combination of the above locations. In some embodiments, the light-shielding layer 1220 may also cover part of the first optically effective surface 121a and / or part of the second optically effective surface 121b. The coverage area of ​​the light-shielding layer 1220 can be designed according to the actual optical system, and this application embodiment does not strictly limit this. In some other embodiments, when the lens 12 adopts a chamfered structure, the light-shielding layer 1220 may also cover the chamfered platform surface to block stray light from propagating on the platform surface.

[0174] For example, the light-shielding layer 1220 can be made of a material capable of absorbing visible light or having low reflectivity to visible light. For example, the implementation process of the light-shielding layer 1220 can be black plating or black coating. For instance, the light-shielding layer 1220 can be formed using a light-absorbing ink material through an ink coating process. Alternatively, the light-shielding layer 1220 can also be made of a metal oxide material through a vapor deposition process. This application does not strictly limit the material and forming process of the light-shielding layer 1220.

[0175] like Figure 14 As shown, the light-shielding layer 1220, together with the first antireflective layer 123 and the second antireflective layer 124, can protect the moisture-resistant layer 122, thereby reducing the probability of damage to the moisture-resistant layer 122 during actual production and assembly, and improving the reliability of the moisture-resistant layer 122 and the lens 12. The light-shielding layer 1220 can be connected to or partially overlap with the first antireflective layer 123 and / or the second antireflective layer 124, or it can be spaced apart from the first antireflective layer 123 and / or the second antireflective layer 124; this embodiment does not strictly limit this.

[0176] In some embodiments, the first antireflective layer 123 and the second antireflective layer 124 employ an interference-type film system design or multiple refractive index gradient films. When the first antireflective layer 123 covers at least a portion of the first support surface 121c, or the second antireflective layer 124 covers at least a portion of the second support surface 121d, an overlapping area is formed between the light-shielding layer 1220 and the first antireflective layer 123 or the second antireflective layer 124. The processing sequence of the light-shielding layer 1220 and the first antireflective layer 123 or the second antireflective layer 124 can be considered based on the adhesion problem of the first antireflective layer 123, the second antireflective layer 124, and the light-shielding layer 1220.

[0177] Please see Figure 15 , Figure 15 yes Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the lens 12 shown in some other embodiments.

[0178] The lens 12 in this embodiment includes Figure 14 The lens 12 of the illustrated embodiment has most of the features, with the main difference being that in this embodiment, the first antireflection layer 123 and the second antireflection layer 124 are film layers with subwavelength structures. Considering the adhesion issue between the subwavelength structure and the light-shielding layer 1220, during the processing of the lens 12, the light-shielding layer 1220 can be processed first, followed by the processing of the first antireflection layer 123 and the second antireflection layer 124; alternatively, during the processing of the first antireflection layer 123 and the second antireflection layer 124, a fixture can be used to shield the non-formed areas of the first antireflection layer 123 and the second antireflection layer 124 before processing the light-shielding layer 1220. Other solutions for the lens 12 of this embodiment can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 13 The lens 12 of the illustrated embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0179] Please see Figure 16 , Figure 16 yes Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the lens 12 shown in some other embodiments.

[0180] The lens 12 in this embodiment includes Figure 14 Most features of the lens 12 in the illustrated embodiment, the main difference between the two is that, Figure 16 The lens 12 of the illustrated embodiment further includes a first contact layer 125 and a second contact layer 126. A description of the first contact layer 125 and the second contact layer 126 can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 9 Lens 12 of the illustrated embodiment, Figure 16 Other embodiments of the lens 12 shown in the example can be found in the following sections. Figure 14 The description of the lens 12 in the illustrated embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0181] Please see Figure 17 , Figure 17 yes Figure 2The schematic diagram of the lens 12 shown in some other embodiments.

[0182] The lens 12 in this embodiment includes Figure 15 Most features of the lens 12 in the illustrated embodiment, the main difference between the two is that, Figure 17 The lens 12 of the illustrated embodiment further includes a first contact layer 125 and a second contact layer 126. A description of the first contact layer 125 and the second contact layer 126 can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 9 Lens 12 of the illustrated embodiment, Figure 17 Other embodiments of the lens 12 shown in the example can be found in the following sections. Figure 15 The description of the lens 12 in the illustrated embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0183] Please see Figure 18 , Figure 18 yes Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the lens 12 shown in some other embodiments.

[0184] In some embodiments, the lens 12 includes a substrate 121, an anti-humidity layer 122, a first anti-reflection layer 123, and a second anti-reflection layer 124. The anti-humidity layer 122 encapsulates the substrate 121 to prevent moisture from entering the substrate 121 material. The first anti-reflection layer 123 is located between the anti-humidity layer 122 and the first optically effective surface 121a and covers the first optically effective surface 121a. The second anti-reflection layer 124 is located between the anti-humidity layer 122 and the second optically effective surface 121b and covers the second optically effective surface 121b. The first and second anti-reflection layers 123 and 124 are used to reduce the reflectivity of the lens 12. Other embodiments of the substrate 121, anti-humidity layer 122, first anti-reflection layer 123, and second anti-reflection layer 124 in this embodiment can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 11 The relevant descriptions of the embodiments shown will not be repeated here.

[0185] For example, lens 12 further includes a light-shielding layer 1220, which is located on the side of the moisture-resistant layer 122 facing away from the substrate 121. The light-shielding layer 1220 may cover the peripheral side surface 121e, at least a portion of the first support surface 121c, and at least a portion of the second support surface 121d. In this embodiment, the light-shielding layer 1220 can effectively block stray light from propagating on it, thereby improving the imaging quality of lens 12. When lens 1 includes multiple lenses 12, the light-shielding ring structure between the lenses 12 can be omitted, simplifying the structure of lens 12 and reducing its cost.

[0186] Other solutions for the light-shielding layer 1220 in this embodiment can be found in [reference]. Figure 14 The description of the lens 12 in the illustrated embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0187] Please see Figure 19, Figure 19 yes Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the lens 12 shown in some other embodiments.

[0188] The lens 12 in this embodiment includes Figure 18 Most features of the lens 12 in the illustrated embodiment, the main difference between the two is that, Figure 19 The lens 12 of the illustrated embodiment further includes a first protective layer 127 and a second protective layer 128. A description of the first protective layer 127 and the second protective layer 128 can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 12 Lens 12 of the illustrated embodiment. Wherein, when the first protective layer 127 covers at least a portion of the first support surface 121c, or the second protective layer 128 covers at least a portion of the second support surface 121d, an overlapping area is formed between the light-shielding layer 1220 and the first protective layer 127 or the second protective layer 128. The processing sequence of the light-shielding layer 1220 and the first protective layer 127 or the second protective layer 128 can be considered based on the adhesion problem of the first protective layer 127, the second protective layer 128 and the light-shielding layer 1220. Figure 19 Other embodiments of the lens 12 shown in the example can be found in the following sections. Figure 18 The description of the lens 12 in the illustrated embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0189] Please see Figure 20 , Figure 20 yes Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the lens 12 shown in some other embodiments.

[0190] The lens 12 in this embodiment includes Figure 18 Most features of the lens 12 in the illustrated embodiment, the main difference between the two is that, Figure 20 The lens 12 of the illustrated embodiment further includes a third antireflection layer 129 and a fourth antireflection layer 1210, which are film layers with subwavelength structures. Other embodiments of the third antireflection layer 129 and the fourth antireflection layer 1210 can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 13 The lens 12 of the illustrated embodiment. Considering the adhesion problem between the subwavelength structure and the light-shielding layer 1220, during the processing of the lens 12, the light-shielding layer 1220 can be processed first, followed by the processing of the third antireflection layer 129 and the fourth antireflection layer 1210; alternatively, during the processing of the third antireflection layer 129 and the fourth antireflection layer 1210, a jig can be used to shield the non-formed areas of the third antireflection layer 129 and the fourth antireflection layer 1210 before processing the light-shielding layer 1220. Other solutions for the lens 12 of this embodiment can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 18 The lens 12 of the illustrated embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0191] In other embodiments, the third antireflection layer 129 and the fourth antireflection layer 1210 may also employ an interference-type film system design or multiple refractive index gradient films. When the third antireflection layer 129 covers at least a portion of the first support surface 121c, or the fourth antireflection layer 1210 covers at least a portion of the second support surface 121d, an overlapping area is formed between the light-shielding layer 1220 and the third antireflection layer 129 or the fourth antireflection layer 1210. The processing sequence of the light-shielding layer 1220 and the third antireflection layer 129 or the fourth antireflection layer 1210 can be considered based on the adhesion problem of the third antireflection layer 129, the fourth antireflection layer 1210, and the light-shielding layer 1220.

[0192] Figure 20 Other embodiments of the lens 12 shown in the example can be found in the following sections. Figure 18 The description of the lens 12 in the illustrated embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0193] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A lens applied to a lens of a camera module, characterized in that, The lens comprises a substrate and a moisture-resistant layer wrapping the substrate, the moisture-resistant layer comprises a multilayer metal oxide film layer made by an atomic layer deposition process, the moisture-resistant layer comprises at least one aluminum oxide film layer and at least one silicon oxide film layer, the aluminum oxide film layer and the silicon oxide film layer are alternately stacked, wherein the thickness of the aluminum oxide film layer is in the range of 10nm to 100nm, the thickness of the silicon oxide film layer is in the range of 30nm to 150nm, the atomic density of the moisture-resistant layer is in the range of 1atm / cm 3 to 20x10 22 atm / cm 3 , and the water vapor transmission rate is less than 10 -2 g / (m 2 •day).

2. The lens of claim 1, wherein The thickness of the moisture-resistant layer is in a range from 40 nm to 500 nm.

3. The lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The roughness of the moisture-resistant layer is in a range from 0.5 nm to 5 nm.

4. The lens of claim 1, wherein The metal oxide film layer of the moisture-resistant layer comprises aluminum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium or silicon.

5. The lens of claim 1, wherein The sum of the number of layers of the aluminum oxide film layer and the number of layers of the silicon oxide film layer is greater than 2 layers, and the thickness of the moisture-resistant layer is in a range from 50 nm to 500 nm.

6. The lens of claim 1, wherein The substrate comprises a first optical effective surface and a second optical effective surface arranged oppositely; The lens further comprises a first contact layer and a second contact layer, the first contact layer is located between the first optical effective surface and the moisture-resistant layer and covers the first optical effective surface, the second contact layer is located between the second optical effective surface and the moisture-resistant layer and covers the second optical effective surface, and the refractive index of the first contact layer and the second contact layer is between the refractive index of the substrate and the refractive index of the moisture-resistant layer.

7. The lens of claim 6, wherein The refractive index of the substrate is in a range from 1.4 to 1.85, and the refractive index of the moisture-resistant layer is in a range from 1.4 to 1.

8.

8. The lens of claim 6 or 7, wherein, The first contact layer is an organic film layer. Alternatively, the first contact layer comprises one or more metal oxide film layers.

9. The lens of claim 1 or 6, wherein The substrate comprises a first optical effective surface and a second optical effective surface arranged oppositely; The lens further comprises a first anti-reflection layer and a second anti-reflection layer, the first anti-reflection layer is located on a side of the moisture-resistant layer away from the first optical effective surface and covers the first optical effective surface, and the second anti-reflection layer is located on a side of the moisture-resistant layer away from the second optical effective surface and covers the second optical effective surface, and the first anti-reflection layer and the second anti-reflection layer are used to reduce the reflectivity of the lens.

10. The lens of claim 9, wherein The first anti-reflection layer comprises a plurality of first film layers and a plurality of second film layers, the first film layers and the second film layers are arranged alternately, and the refractive index of the first film layers is higher than the refractive index of the second film layers. Alternatively, the first anti-reflection layer comprises a plurality of film layers arranged in layers, and the refractive index of the plurality of film layers gradually changes. Alternatively, the first anti-reflection layer has a sub-wavelength structure.

11. The lens of claim 1, wherein The substrate comprises a first optical effective surface and a second optical effective surface arranged oppositely; The lens further comprises a first anti-reflection layer and a second anti-reflection layer, the first anti-reflection layer is located between the moisture-resistant layer and the first optical effective surface and covers the first optical effective surface, and the second anti-reflection layer is located between the moisture-resistant layer and the second optical effective surface and covers the second optical effective surface, and the first anti-reflection layer and the second anti-reflection layer are used to reduce the reflectivity of the lens.

12. The lens of claim 11, wherein, The first anti-reflection layer comprises a plurality of first film layers and a plurality of second film layers, the first film layers and the second film layers are arranged alternately, and the refractive index of the first film layers is higher than the refractive index of the second film layers. Alternatively, the first anti-reflection layer comprises a plurality of film layers arranged in layers, and the refractive index of the plurality of film layers gradually changes.

13. The lens of claim 11 or 12, wherein, The lens further comprises a first protective layer and a second protective layer, the first protective layer is located on a side of the moisture-resistant layer away from the first anti-reflection layer and covers the first optically effective surface, the second protective layer is located on a side of the moisture-resistant layer away from the second anti-reflection layer and covers the second optically effective surface, the hardness of the first protective layer and the second protective layer is greater than the hardness of the moisture-resistant layer.

14. The lens of claim 11 or 12, wherein, The lens further comprises a third anti-reflection layer and a fourth anti-reflection layer, the third anti-reflection layer is located on a side of the moisture-resistant layer away from the first anti-reflection layer and covers the first optically effective surface, the fourth anti-reflection layer is located on a side of the moisture-resistant layer away from the second anti-reflection layer and covers the second optically effective surface, the third anti-reflection layer and the fourth anti-reflection layer are used to reduce the reflectivity of the lens.

15. The lens of claim 1, wherein, The substrate comprises a first optically effective surface, a second optically effective surface, a first support surface, a second support surface, and a peripheral surface, the first optically effective surface and the second optically effective surface are arranged opposite to each other, the first support surface and the second support surface are arranged opposite to each other, the first support surface surrounds the first optically effective surface, the second support surface surrounds the second optically effective surface, and the peripheral surface connects the outer periphery of the first support surface and the outer periphery of the second support surface. The lens further comprises a light-shielding layer, the light-shielding layer is located on a side of the moisture-resistant layer away from the substrate, and the light-shielding layer covers the peripheral surface, at least part of the first support surface, or at least part of the second support surface.

16. The lens of claim 1, wherein The material of the substrate is polycarbonate, cyclic olefin copolymer, or cyclic olefin polymer.

17. A lens characterized by comprising: A camera module comprising a lens barrel and at least one lens according to any one of claims 1 to 16, the lens being mounted to an inner side of the lens barrel.

18. A camera module, comprising: A camera module comprising a lens barrel and at least one lens according to any one of claims 1 to 16, the lens being mounted to an inner side of the lens barrel.

19. An electronic device, comprising: A camera module comprising a lens barrel and at least one lens according to any one of claims 1 to 16, the lens being mounted to an inner side of the lens barrel.

Images