Antenna and Electronic Device

Abstract

The present application provides an antenna and an electronic device. The antenna includes an annular radiator and a switching circuit. The annular radiator includes a plurality of radiation units, and there is a gap between the opposite ends of any two adjacent radiation units. The plurality of radiation units include a main radiation unit. The main radiation unit is provided with a slit at the middle position, and the slit divides the main radiation unit into a first main radiation unit and a second main radiation unit that are end-to-end and spaced apart. The opposite ends of the first main radiation unit and the second main radiation unit are fed in an anti-symmetric feeding manner. The switching circuit is used to control the electrical connection state of the first radiation unit pair in the plurality of radiation units. The first radiation unit pair includes an adjacent first radiation unit and a second radiation unit. The present application can use the switching circuit to control the states of the radiation units, so that the antenna generates different radiation patterns, improve the spatial coverage ability of the radiation direction of the antenna, and even achieve omnidirectional coverage of the radiation direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antennas, and particularly to an antenna and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] With the miniaturization and multi-functionality of terminal products, the requirements for antenna performance are getting higher and higher. Antennas often need to work in multiple states and multiple modes. When the antenna is in different working modes, different radiation patterns will be generated. For example, in some application scenarios, the antenna is required to generate a Broadside radiation pattern (i.e., an end-fire radiation pattern), and in some application scenarios, the antenna is required to generate a horizontally omnidirectional radiation pattern, so as to meet the different requirements of wireless communication systems.

[0003] Single antennas in the prior art usually can only generate one type of radiation pattern. For example, the document

“A MNG-TL Loop Antenna Array With Horizontally Polarized Omnidirectional Patterns” Kunpeng Wei, Zhijun Zhang, Senior Member, IEEE, Zhenghe Feng, Fellow, IEEE, and Magdy F. Iskander, Life Fellow, IEEE

[0004] However, the antenna in this document has the following defects: the antenna can only generate a horizontally omnidirectional radiation pattern, and there is a radiation "dip" (i.e., a point with a very low radiation magnetic field intensity) at the center point of the horizontal plane, and comprehensive coverage of the radiation direction cannot be achieved.

[0005] To meet the usage requirements of antennas in different application scenarios and make a single antenna produce a radiation pattern different from that of the antennas in the above-mentioned literature, the literature ["Dual-linear Polarisation Reconfigurable Broadband Omnidirectional Antenna", Angjie Li, Wen Jiang, Shui Gong] proposed an antenna with a dual-ring structure. Both the dual rings (the large and small rings) are unsealed structures, and a dipole feeding network is adopted. By switching different polarization 1*λ ring modes and the mixed modes of the large and small rings through the feeding network, for example, State1 (i.e., state 1) is to excite the one-wavelength mode of the large ring in the Y polarization and the mixed mode of the small ring and the large ring in the Y polarization, and State2 (i.e., state 2) is to excite the one-wavelength mode of the large ring in the X polarization and the mixed mode of the small ring and the large ring in the X polarization. Thus, the antenna can work in different states and produce different radiation patterns.

[0006] However, the antenna in this literature has the following defects. Although the radiation patterns generated by the antenna in two antenna states are different and have a certain complementarity, implementing the state switching of this antenna requires designing a complex feeding switching network, and the two antenna states can only switch the Broadside radiation pattern (i.e., the end-fire radiation pattern) and cannot provide a horizontal omnidirectional radiation pattern.

[0007] It can be seen that the existing technology has problems of a single radiation pattern and a low spatial coverage rate of antenna radiation. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this application is to solve the problems in the existing technology, namely, a single radiation pattern and a low spatial coverage rate of antenna radiation. Therefore, this embodiment provides an antenna and an electronic device, which can control the electrical connection state between the radiation units of the antenna radiator through a switching circuit provided between the radiation units, and then change the radiation pattern of the antenna to achieve the switchability of multiple radiation patterns, thereby improving the spatial coverage ability of antenna radiation.

[0009] This embodiment of the application provides an antenna, which includes an annular radiator. The annular radiator includes a plurality of radiation units, and there is a gap between the opposite ends of any two adjacent radiation units;

[0010] Among the plurality of radiation units, there is a main radiation unit;

[0011] The main radiation unit is provided with a slit at the middle position, and the slit divides the main radiation unit into a first main radiation unit and a second main radiation unit which are end-to-end and spaced apart. The opposite ends of the first main radiation unit and the second main radiation unit are fed in an anti-symmetric feeding manner; the antenna further includes a switching circuit for controlling the electrical connection state of a first pair of radiation units among the plurality of radiation units. The first pair of radiation units includes an adjacent first radiation unit and a second radiation unit, and the gap between the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit is a first gap.

[0012] In this solution, through the switching circuit, the electrical connection state of the first pair of radiation units among the plurality of radiation units can be controlled, and thus different radiation patterns can be generated by the antenna, complementary radiation patterns can be generated for the antenna, laying a foundation for improving the spatial coverage ability of the radiation direction.

[0013] In some possible embodiments, the switching circuit is used to control the electrical connection state of any two adjacent radiation units among the plurality of radiation units.

[0014] In some possible embodiments, among the opposite ends of the first main radiation unit and the second main radiation unit, one end is connected to the positive pole of the feed source, and the other end is connected to the negative pole of the feed source to achieve feeding in an anti-symmetric feeding manner.

[0015] In some possible embodiments, the shape of the annular radiator is circular or rectangular.

[0016] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a first sub-switching unit connected between the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit of the first pair of radiation units. The first sub-switching unit has a connected state and a disconnected state, wherein,

[0017] When the first sub-switching unit is in the connected state, the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit of the first pair of radiation units are electrically connected through the first sub-switching unit.

[0018] When the first sub-switching unit is in the disconnected state, the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit of the first pair of radiation units are coupled through the first gap.

[0019] In some embodiments, the operating frequency band of the antenna when the first sub-switching unit is in the disconnected state and the operating frequency band of the antenna when the first sub-switching unit is in the connected state include the same operating frequency band.

[0020] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a first matching device. The first matching device is connected in series with the first sub-switching unit, and the first sub-switching unit and the first matching device are connected between the opposite ends of the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit of the first pair of radiation units;

[0021] The first matching device is used to control: the operating frequency band of the antenna when the first sub-switch unit is in the off state, and: the operating frequency band of the antenna when the first sub-switch unit is in the connected state, including the same frequency band. This enables the antenna to maintain a stable and consistent operating frequency in various states (for example, when the first radiation unit is electrically connected to the second radiation unit or when the first radiation unit is not electrically connected to the second radiation unit).

[0022] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a plurality of sub-switch units, the plurality of radiation units include a plurality of radiation unit pairs, each radiation unit pair includes two adjacent radiation units, the plurality of sub-switch units correspond to the plurality of radiation unit pairs one by one, and each sub-switch unit in the plurality of sub-switch units is used to control the electrical connection state of two adjacent radiation units in the corresponding radiation unit pair.

[0023] In this solution, through a plurality of sub-switch units, the electrical connection states of a plurality of radiation unit pairs can be controlled. When the states (electrically connected or not electrically connected) between two adjacent radiation units in each radiation unit pair are different, the antenna can generate different radiation patterns. For example, when all radiation units are electrically connected to their adjacent radiation units, the antenna can be understood as forming a traditional loop antenna at this time, generating a Broadside radiation pattern (i.e., an end-fire radiation pattern). When all radiation units are not electrically connected to their adjacent radiation units, the antenna can be understood as a coupled loop antenna at this time, generating a horizontal omnidirectional radiation pattern. It can be seen that this solution can use a plurality of sub-switch circuits to control the electrical connection states between radiation units, which helps the antenna generate complementary radiation patterns, improves the spatial coverage ability of the radiation direction of the antenna, and even realizes omnidirectional coverage of the radiation direction.

[0024] It should be noted that the plurality of radiation unit pairs include a first radiation unit pair. The number of radiation units is the same as the number of radiation unit pairs. For example, 3 radiation units include 3 radiation unit pairs, and 4 radiation units include 4 radiation unit pairs.

[0025] The plurality of sub-switch units include a first sub-switch unit. Further, the structures of other sub-switch units in the plurality of sub-switch units can be the same as the structure of the first sub-switch unit.

[0026] In some possible embodiments, the sub-switch unit is a switch and is disposed in the corresponding gap.

[0027] In some embodiments, the antenna includes a plurality of matching devices, the plurality of matching devices correspond to the plurality of sub-switch units one by one, each matching device in the plurality of matching devices is connected in series with the corresponding sub-switch unit, and each matching device and the sub-switch unit in series therewith are connected between two adjacent radiation units in the corresponding radiation unit pair.

[0028] It should be noted that the multiple matching devices include the first matching device. Further, the structures of the other matching devices among the multiple matching devices may be the same as the structure of the first matching device.

[0029] In some possible embodiments, the matching devices after being connected in series and the sub-switching units are disposed in corresponding gaps.

[0030] The matching devices are used to control: the operating frequency band of the antenna when each sub-switching unit is in the off state, and: the operating frequency band when each sub-switching unit is in the connected state, including the same frequency band. This can enable the antenna to maintain a stable and consistent operating frequency in various states (for example, when each radiation unit is electrically connected to an adjacent radiation unit or when each radiation unit is not electrically connected to an adjacent radiation unit).

[0031] In some possible embodiments, the resonant frequency of the antenna when each radiation unit is not electrically connected to its adjacent radiation unit, and: the resonant frequency of the antenna when each radiation unit is electrically connected to its adjacent radiation unit, are the same frequency or similar frequencies. In some possible embodiments, the matching device is an inductor.

[0032] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a first coupling stub corresponding to the first gap, and the opposite ends of the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit of the first radiation unit pair are coupled through the first coupling stub.

[0033] Among them, the first coupling stub can significantly enhance the coupling degree between the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit, especially when the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit are in the non-electrically connected state, enhance the coupling degree between the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit, and improve the radiation intensity of the radiation unit.

[0034] In some embodiments, the first coupling stub is spaced from the annular radiator, and the length of the first coupling stub extending in the circumferential direction of the annular radiator exceeds the length of the first gap extending in the circumferential direction of the annular radiator. This can further improve the coupling degree between the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit.

[0035] In some embodiments, the first coupling stub is spaced from the annular radiator in the axial direction of the annular radiator, or the first coupling stub is located on the inner circumferential side or the outer circumferential side of the annular radiator and is spaced from the annular radiator.

[0036] In some embodiments, the antenna further includes a plurality of coupling stubs; the plurality of coupling stubs correspond one-to-one with a plurality of pairs of radiation elements, each coupling stub in the plurality of coupling stubs is correspondingly arranged with a corresponding pair of radiation elements, and when the corresponding sub-switching unit is in an off state, the opposite ends of two adjacent radiation elements in each pair of radiation elements are coupled through the corresponding coupling stub.

[0037] Wherein, the coupling stub can significantly enhance the coupling degree between a corresponding adjacent pair of radiation elements, especially when a pair of adjacent radiation elements are in an off state, enhance the coupling degree between two adjacent radiation elements, improve the radiation intensity of the radiation element, so that the radiation intensity in each radiation direction of the radiator in the horizontal plane is more uniform.

[0038] It should be noted that the plurality of coupling stubs include a first coupling stub. Further, the structures of the other coupling stubs in the plurality of coupling stubs can be the same as the structure of the first coupling stub. In some possible embodiments, the annular radiator is arranged on an antenna carrier board (such as a PCB board), so that the coupling degree between any two adjacent radiation elements can be adjusted only through the coupling stub and the radiation element itself, decoupled from the thickness of the antenna carrier board (that is, independent of the thickness of the antenna carrier board), thereby reducing the design complexity.

[0039] In some possible embodiments, among the plurality of coupling stubs, the lengths of the coupling stubs far from the main radiation element along the circumferential extension direction of the annular radiator are respectively greater than the lengths of each of the remaining coupling stubs along the circumferential extension direction of the annular radiator. This can improve the imbalance of the coupling loop mode magnetic field, and further can excite a relatively pure coupling loop mode, make the electromagnetic field and current distribution of the antenna more uniform, and make the radiation pattern complementarity of the antenna in different states (such as all radiation elements are in an electrically connected state or all radiation elements are in a non-electrically connected state) better.

[0040] In some embodiments, when all sub-switching units are in an off state and the main radiation element is fed, the annular radiator can generate an annular current flowing through all radiation elements;

[0041] When all sub-switching units are in a connected state and the main radiation element is fed, the annular radiator can generate a first current and a second current;

[0042] Wherein, the first current flows through half of the annular radiator, the second current flows through the other half of the annular radiator, and the flow directions of the first current and the second current are opposite.

[0043] In some embodiments, the first main radiation element and the second main radiation element are symmetric about the slot.

[0044] In some embodiments, the annular radiator adopts a centrosymmetric structure.

[0045] In some possible embodiments, the number of the plurality of radiation units is from 2 to 6.

[0046] In some embodiments, the number of the plurality of radiation units is 3 or 4.

[0047] In some possible embodiments, if the number of the plurality of radiation units is 4, then: the plurality of sub-switching units include a first sub-switching unit, a second sub-switching unit, a third sub-switching unit, and a fourth sub-switching unit; the first sub-switching unit, the second sub-switching unit, the third sub-switching unit, and the fourth sub-switching unit are sequentially distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular radiator (in this embodiment, in the clockwise direction), the first sub-switching unit is connected between the main radiation unit connected to the negative pole of the feeder and the radiation unit adjacent to the main radiation unit (i.e., the main radiation unit connected to the negative pole of the feeder) among the first main radiation unit and the second main radiation unit, and the second sub-switching unit is connected between the main radiation unit connected to the positive pole of the feeder and the radiation unit adjacent to the main radiation unit (i.e., the main radiation unit connected to the positive pole of the feeder) among the first main radiation unit and the second main radiation unit.

[0048] Specifically, the main radiation unit connected to the negative pole of the feeder among the first main radiation unit and the second main radiation unit is the first main radiation unit, and the main radiation unit connected to the positive pole of the feeder among the first main radiation unit and the second main radiation unit is the second main radiation unit. That is to say, the first sub-switching unit is connected between the radiation unit adjacent to the first main radiation unit and the first main radiation unit, and the first main radiation unit is also connected to the negative pole of the feeder; the second sub-switching unit is connected between the radiation unit adjacent to the second main radiation unit and the second main radiation unit, and the second main radiation unit is also connected to the positive pole of the feeder.

[0049] When the two radiation units connected by the first sub-switching unit and the two radiation units connected by the third sub-switching unit are both in an electrically connected state, and: the two radiation units connected by the second sub-switching unit and the two radiation units connected by the fourth sub-switching unit are both in a non-electrically connected state, and at the same time the main radiation unit is connected to the feeder, the annular radiator can generate two currents flowing in opposite directions respectively from the fourth sub-switching unit to the second sub-switching unit;

[0050] When the two radiation units connected by the first sub-switching unit and the two radiation units connected by the third sub-switching unit are both in a non-electrically connected state, and: the two radiation units connected by the second sub-switching unit and the two radiation units connected by the fourth sub-switching unit are both in an electrically connected state, and at the same time the main radiation unit is connected to the feeder, the annular radiator can generate two currents flowing in opposite directions respectively from the first sub-switching unit to the third sub-switching unit.

[0051] In this solution, by controlling the switching of four sub-switching units between the connected state and the disconnected state, multiple different antenna states can be switched, with a maximum of 16 (2 4 ) antenna states. For example, when all four sub-switching units are in the disconnected state, each radiation unit and its adjacent radiation unit are in a non-electrically connected state. At this time, the antenna can be understood as a coupled loop antenna, generating a horizontal omnidirectional radiation pattern. When all four sub-switching units are in the connected state, each radiation unit and its adjacent radiation unit are in an electrically connected state. At this time, the antenna can be understood as a traditional loop antenna, generating a Broadside radiation pattern (i.e., an end-fire radiation pattern). When the first sub-switching unit and the third sub-switching unit are both in the connected state, and the second sub-switching unit and the fourth sub-switching unit are both in the disconnected state, the antenna at this time can generate a Broadside radiation pattern (i.e., an end-fire radiation pattern) different from the above-mentioned traditional loop antenna. When the second sub-switching unit and the fourth sub-switching unit are in the connected state, and the first sub-switching unit and the third sub-switching unit are in the disconnected state, the antenna at this time can generate a Broadside radiation pattern (i.e., an end-fire radiation pattern) different from all the above-mentioned radiation patterns.

[0052] It can be seen that the antenna provided by this solution can switch multiple different antenna states by switching four sub-switching units between the connected state and the disconnected state, further improving the spatial coverage ability of antenna radiation.

[0053] The embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, and the electronic device further includes the antenna provided in any one of the above embodiments or any possible embodiment.

[0054] In some embodiments, the electronic device further includes an anti-symmetric feeding network. The anti-symmetric feeding network includes a first RF microstrip line and a second RF microstrip line. Among the opposite ends of the first main radiation unit and the second main radiation unit, one end is connected to the positive pole of the feed source through the first RF microstrip line, and the other end is connected to the negative pole of the feed source through the second RF microstrip line, so that the first main radiation unit and the second main radiation unit are fed in an anti-symmetric feeding manner.

[0055] In some embodiments, the anti-symmetric feeding network further includes an adjustable capacitor. The adjustable capacitor is connected between the feed source of the electronic device and the main radiation unit, and is used to adjust the input impedance of the antenna.

[0056] In some embodiments, the electronic device further includes an antenna carrier board. The antenna carrier board has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and the annular radiator is arranged on the first surface of the antenna carrier board;

[0057] When the antenna further includes a first coupling stub, the first coupling stub is arranged on the first surface or the second surface of the antenna carrier board;

[0058] In some possible embodiments, the loop radiator of the antenna is attached to the antenna carrier board by a laser direct structuring process or integrated into the antenna carrier board by an etching process.

[0059] In some possible embodiments, the loop radiator of the antenna is an FPC board or a metal structural member.

[0060] In some embodiments, the antenna carrier board is a PCB board or a dielectric board, and the electronic device is a router. Description of the Drawings

[0061] Figure 1 、 Figure 2a 、 Figure 2b are respectively a schematic structural diagram of the antenna according to an embodiment of the present application, a schematic diagram of the current flow direction in state 1, and a schematic diagram of the current flow direction in state 2. Among them, the number of radiation units is 3, and the sub-switch unit and the matching device are arranged in the gap;

[0062] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna according to an embodiment of the present application, where the number of radiation units is 3, and the sub-switch unit and the matching device are arranged outside the gap;

[0063] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna and the antenna carrier board in the electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] Figure 5a to Figure 5c are respectively a three-dimensional structural diagram, a front structural diagram, and a back structural diagram of the antenna and the antenna carrier board in the electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the router according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Figure 7 is a graph showing the comparison of the S parameters of the antenna obtained when the antenna according to an embodiment of the present application is subjected to simulation effect tests in state 1 and state 2;

[0067] Figure 8 is a graph showing the comparison of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency (i.e., efficiency) of the antenna obtained when the antenna according to an embodiment of the present application is subjected to simulation effect tests in state 1 and state 2;

[0068] Figure 9a 、 Figure 9b and Fig.9c are respectively a local current distribution diagram, a local electric field distribution diagram, and a local magnetic field distribution diagram of the antenna obtained when the antenna according to an embodiment of the present application is subjected to simulation effect tests in state 1;

[0069] Fig.10a 、 Fig.10b , Fig.10c are respectively the local current distribution diagram, local electric field distribution diagram, and local magnetic field distribution diagram of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application obtained during the simulation effect test in state 2;

[0070] Fig.11a , Fig.11b are respectively the three-dimensional antenna radiation direction diagrams obtained during the simulation effect test of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application in states 1 and 2;

[0071] Figure 12a to Figure 12c is the two-dimensional comparison diagram of the antenna radiation direction obtained during the simulation effect test of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application in states 1 and 2 respectively;

[0072] Figure 13a to Figure 13c is the antenna polarization direction vector diagram obtained during the simulation effect test of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application in state 1, where the spherical coordinate system is used during the simulation effect test;

[0073] Figure 13d to Figure 13e is the schematic diagram of the angle Theta (θ) in the spherical coordinate system used during the simulation effect test of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application in state 1, ;

[0074] Figure 14a to Figure 14c is the antenna polarization direction vector diagram obtained during the simulation effect test of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application in state 2, where the spherical coordinate system is used during the simulation effect test;

[0075] Figure 14d to Figure 14e is the schematic diagram of the angle Theta (θ) in the spherical coordinate system used during the simulation effect test of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application in state 2, ;

[0076] Fig.15 is the schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application, where the coupling stub is provided on the inner peripheral side of the annular radiator, and the number of radiation units is 3;

[0077] Fig.16 is the front structure schematic diagram of the antenna and the antenna carrier board in the electronic device in the embodiment of the present application;

[0078] Fig.17 is the effect curve diagram of the S parameter comparison obtained during the simulation effect test of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application in states 1 and 2 respectively;

[0079] Fig.18 is the effect curve diagram of the comparison of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency (i.e., efficiency) of the antenna obtained during the simulation effect test of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application in states 1 and 2 respectively;

[0080] Fig.19a and Fig.19b and Fig.19c are respectively the antenna partial current distribution diagram, the antenna partial electric field distribution diagram, and the antenna partial magnetic field distribution diagram obtained when the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is subjected to a simulation effect test in state 1;

[0081] Fig.20a and Fig.20b and Fig.20c are respectively the antenna partial current distribution diagram, the antenna partial electric field distribution diagram, and the antenna partial magnetic field distribution diagram obtained when the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is subjected to a simulation effect test in state 2;

[0082] Fig.21a and Figure 21b are respectively the three-dimensional antenna radiation direction diagrams obtained when the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is subjected to a simulation effect test in states 1 and 2;

[0083] Figure 22a to Figure 22c is the two-dimensional comparison diagram of the antenna radiation direction obtained when the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is subjected to a simulation effect test in states 1 and 2 respectively;

[0084] Figure 23a to Figure 23c is the antenna polarization direction vector diagram obtained when the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is subjected to a simulation effect test in state 1, wherein a spherical coordinate system is used during the simulation effect test;

[0085] Figure 24a to Figure 24c is the antenna polarization direction vector diagram obtained when the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is subjected to a simulation effect test in state 2, wherein a spherical coordinate system is used during the simulation effect test;

[0086] Figure 25a to Figure 25e are respectively the structural schematic diagram of the antenna of the embodiment of the present application, and the schematic diagrams of the current flow directions of the antenna in states 1, 2, 3, and 4, wherein the coupling stub is arranged below the annular radiator, and the number of radiation units is 4;

[0087] Fig.26 is the structural schematic diagram of the antenna and the antenna carrier board in the electronic device of the embodiment of the present application;

[0088] Figure 27a to Figure 27c are the three-dimensional structural schematic diagram, the front structural schematic diagram, and the back structural schematic diagram of the antenna and the antenna carrier board in the electronic device of the embodiment of the present application;

[0089] Fig.28 is the effect curve diagram of the S-parameter comparison obtained when the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is subjected to a simulation effect test in states 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively;

[0090] Fig.29 The graph showing the comparison of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency (i.e., efficiency) of the antenna according to the embodiments of the present application during the simulation effect tests in states 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively;

[0091] Fig.30a , Fig.30b , Fig.30c The local current distribution diagram, local electric field distribution diagram, and local magnetic field distribution diagram of the antenna obtained when the antenna according to the embodiments of the present application is subjected to the simulation effect test in state 1 respectively;

[0092] Fig.31a , Fig.31b , Fig.31c The local current distribution diagram, local electric field distribution diagram, and local magnetic field distribution diagram of the antenna obtained when the antenna according to the embodiments of the present application is subjected to the simulation effect test in state 2 respectively;

[0093] Fig.32a , Figure 32b , Fig.32c The local current distribution diagram, local electric field distribution diagram, and local magnetic field distribution diagram of the antenna obtained when the antenna according to the embodiments of the present application is subjected to the simulation effect test in state 3 respectively;

[0094] Fig.33a , Fig.33b , Fig.33c The local current distribution diagram, local electric field distribution diagram, and local magnetic field distribution diagram of the antenna obtained when the antenna according to the embodiments of the present application is subjected to the simulation effect test in state 4 respectively;

[0095] Fig.34a , Fig.34b , Fig.34c , Fig.34d The three-dimensional radiation pattern diagrams of the antenna obtained when the antenna according to the embodiments of the present application is subjected to the simulation effect tests in states 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively;

[0096] Figure 35a to Figure 35c The two-dimensional comparison diagram of the antenna radiation pattern obtained when the antenna according to the embodiments of the present application is subjected to the simulation effect tests in states 1 and 2 respectively;

[0097] Figure 36a to Figure 36c The antenna polarization direction vector diagram obtained when the antenna according to the embodiments of the present application in state 1 is subjected to the simulation effect test, wherein the spherical coordinate system is used during the simulation effect test;

[0098] Figure 37a to Figure 37c The antenna polarization direction vector diagram obtained when the antenna according to the embodiments of the present application in state 2 is subjected to the simulation effect test, wherein the spherical coordinate system is used during the simulation effect test;

[0099] Figure 38a to Figure 38c This is the antenna polarization direction vector diagram obtained when the antenna in the embodiment of the present application is in state 3 during the simulation effect test. Among them, the spherical coordinate system is used during the simulation effect test;

[0100] Figure 39a to Figure 39c This is the antenna polarization direction vector diagram obtained when the antenna in the embodiment of the present application is in state 4 during the simulation effect test. Among them, the spherical coordinate system is used during the simulation effect test.

[0101] Description of reference numerals:

[0102] 100: Antenna;

[0103] 110: Main radiation unit; 111: First main radiation unit; 112: Second main radiation unit; 113: Slot; 120: Radiation unit; 130: Radiation unit; 141, 142, 143: Gap; 151, 152, 153: Sub-switch unit; 161, 162, 163: Matching device; 171, 172, 173: Coupling stub;

[0104] 200: Feed source;

[0105] 300: Electronic device; 310: Antenna carrier board; 311: First surface; 312: Second surface;

[0106] L1, L2, L3: Inductor; S1, S2, S3: Switch; α1, α2, α3: Central angle;

[0107] 100A: Antenna;

[0108] 110A: Main radiation unit; 111A: First main radiation unit; 112A: Second main radiation unit; 113A: Slot; 120A: Radiation unit; 130A: Radiation unit; 141A, 142A, 143A: Gap; 171A, 172A, 173A: Coupling stub;

[0109] 200A: Feed source;

[0110] 300A: Electronic device; 310A: Antenna carrier board;

[0111] L1 A 、L2 A 、L3 A : Inductor; S1 A 、S2 A 、S3 A : Switch; α1 A 、α2 A 、α3 A: Central angle; W: Width of the coupling stub; D: Distance;

[0112] 100B: Antenna;

[0113] 110B: Main radiation unit; 111B: First main radiation unit; 112B: Second main radiation unit; 113B: Slot; 120B: Radiation unit; 130B: Radiation unit; 140B: Radiation unit; 141B, 142B, 143B, 144B: Gap; 171B, 172B, 173B, 174B: Coupling stub;

[0114] 200B: Feed;

[0115] 300B: Electronic device; 310B: Antenna carrier board; 311B: First surface; 312B: Second surface; 321B: First microstrip line; 322B: Second microstrip line;

[0116] L1 B 、L2 B 、L3 B 、L4 B : Inductor; S1 B 、S2 B 、S3 B 、S4 B : Switch; C: Tunable capacitor;

[0117] R1: Inner diameter of the annular radiator; R2: Outer diameter of the annular radiator; R3: Outer diameter of the antenna carrier board; R4: Inner diameter of the coupling stub; R5: Outer diameter of the coupling stub; I0: Annular current; I1: First current; I2: Second current. Detailed implementation manners

[0118] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation manners of the present application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the content disclosed in this specification. Although the description of the present application will be introduced in combination with some embodiments, this does not mean that the features of this application are limited to this implementation manner. On the contrary, the purpose of introducing the application in combination with the implementation manner is to cover other alternatives or modifications that may be extended based on the claims of the present application. In order to provide a deep understanding of the present application, many specific details will be included in the following description. The present application can also be implemented without using these details. In addition, in order to avoid confusing or obscuring the key points of the present application, some specific details will be omitted in the description. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0119] It should be noted that in this specification, similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings.

[0120] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0121] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0122] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that in the present application, "electrical connection" can be understood as physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as a form in which different components in the circuit structure are connected through physical lines such as printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires that can transmit electrical signals. "Coupling" can be understood as electrical conduction through air through indirect coupling. Among them, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that the coupling phenomenon refers to the phenomenon that there is close coordination and mutual influence between the input and output of two or more circuit elements or electrical networks, and energy is transmitted from one side to the other through interaction. In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the implementation methods of the present application will be further described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0123] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna of the embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna, which includes a ring radiator and a switch circuit. It should be noted that the shape of the ring radiator is not limited, and can be circular, elliptical, or rectangular. In this embodiment, the ring radiator is a circle with a central symmetrical structure.

[0124] Among them, the annular radiator includes a plurality of radiation units, and there is a gap between the opposite ends of any two radiation units. Among the plurality of radiation units, one radiation unit is the main radiation unit.

[0125] In this embodiment, the number of radiation units is 3, specifically including the main radiation unit 110, the radiation units 120 and 130, and the main radiation unit 110, the radiation unit 120, and the radiation unit 130 are annularly distributed to form the above-mentioned annular radiator. There is a gap 141 between the main radiation unit 110 and the radiation unit 120, a gap 143 between the main radiation unit 110 and the radiation unit 130, and a gap 142 between the radiation unit 120 and the radiation unit 130.

[0126] Of course, those skilled in the art can understand that the number of radiation units is not limited, and can be 2, 4, 5, 6 or more than 6, and the selection of the number can be made according to the specific usage requirements of the antenna.

[0127] In addition, the main radiation unit 110 is provided with a slit 113 at the middle position, and this slit 113 divides the main radiation unit 110 into a first main radiation unit 111 and a second main radiation unit 112 that are relatively spaced end to end. It should be noted that the middle position can be understood to include the midpoint of the geometric structure of the main radiation unit 110, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the main radiation unit 110, or a region within a certain range near the above midpoint. That is to say, the main radiation unit 110 being provided with a slit 113 at the middle position can also be understood as: the slit 113 covers the midpoint of this main radiation unit. In this embodiment, the first main radiation unit 111 and the second main radiation unit 112 are symmetric about the slit 113.

[0128] It should be understood that the "symmetry" in this application is not the strict symmetry in the mathematical sense, and a certain deviation is allowed.

[0129] Among them, the main radiation unit 110 is fed in an anti-symmetric feeding manner. For example, one of the opposite ends of the first main radiation unit 111 and the second main radiation unit 112 is connected to the positive pole of the feed source 200, and the other end of the second main radiation unit 112 and the opposite end of the first main radiation unit 111 is connected to the negative pole of the feed source 200. It should be noted that the signal amplitudes output by the positive and negative poles of the feed source are the same, and the phases are opposite, for example, the phase difference is 180°±10°.

[0130] Those skilled in the art should also understand that the "end" of a radiation unit mentioned in this article is not limited to a certain endpoint of the radiation unit, and it can also be a partial area of the radiation unit including this endpoint, such as an area within 5 mm or 2 mm from the endpoint of the radiation unit.

[0131] Among them, the feeder 200 can be indirectly connected to the first main radiation unit 111 and the second main radiation unit 112 through a balun chip. The single-path signal of the feeder 200 is converted into two signals with equal amplitude and a phase difference of 180° through the balun chip to achieve anti-symmetric feeding. It can also be connected to the main radiation unit 110 through a coaxial cable. Specifically, it can be connected to the second main radiation unit 112 through the outer conductor of the coaxial cable and connected to the first main radiation unit 111 through the inner conductor of the coaxial cable. It can also be connected to the first main radiation unit 111 through the outer conductor of the coaxial cable and connected to the second main radiation unit 112 through the inner conductor of the coaxial cable. Of course, those skilled in the art can understand that in other alternative embodiments, it can also be other structures that meet anti-symmetric feeding.

[0132] Please refer to Figure 1 , the switch circuit is used to control any adjacent radiation units to switch between the electrically connected state and the non-electrically connected state. Any adjacent radiation units in this embodiment can be, for example, the main radiation unit 110 and the radiation unit 120, the main radiation unit 110 and the radiation unit 130, and the radiation unit 120 and the radiation unit 130.

[0133] When the switch circuit controls any one of the above radiation unit pairs (or can be understood as adjacent two radiation units) to be in the electrically connected state, the corresponding two radiation units (that is, the two radiation units controlled to be in the connected state) are electrically connected through the switch circuit.

[0134] When the switch circuit controls any one of the above radiation unit pairs (or can be understood as adjacent two radiation units) to be in the non-electrically connected state, the corresponding two radiation units (that is, the two radiation units controlled to be in the non-electrically connected state) can be coupled through the corresponding gap (that is, the gap between the two radiation units controlled to be in the non-electrically connected state). For example, when the switch circuit controls the main radiation unit 110 and the radiation unit 120 to be in the disconnected state, the main radiation unit 110 and the radiation unit 120 can be coupled through the gap 141.

[0135] Furthermore, through the switch circuit, any adjacent two radiation units among multiple radiation units can be controlled to switch between the electrically connected state and the non-electrically connected state. Those skilled in the art can understand that through the switch circuit, the electrical connection state between adjacent two radiation units of one radiation unit pair among multiple radiation units can be controlled, or the electrical connection state between adjacent two radiation units of each radiation unit pair can be controlled. Hereinafter, an example will be given by controlling the electrical connection state between adjacent two radiation units of each radiation unit pair.

[0136] Furthermore, as Figure 1As shown, the switch circuit includes a plurality of sub-switch units arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the gaps. Specifically, the switch circuit includes a sub-switch unit 151 arranged in correspondence with the gap 141, a sub-switch unit 152 arranged in correspondence with the gap 142, and a sub-switch unit 153 arranged in correspondence with the gap 143. Each sub-switch unit is used to control two adjacent radiating units corresponding to a gap to switch between an electrically connected state and an electrically unconnected state.

[0137] For example, when the switch S1 is in a connected state, the main radiating unit 110 and the radiating unit 120 connected to the switch S1 are in an electrically connected state, and when the switch S1 is in a disconnected state, the main radiating unit 110 and the radiating unit 120 connected to the switch S1 are in an electrically disconnected state, and the main radiating unit 110 and the radiating unit 120 are coupled through the gap 141 or the coupling branch 171 mentioned later.

[0138] When the switch S2 or S3 is in the connected state or in the disconnected state, the situation is similar to that of the switch S1 and will not be described in detail here.

[0139] In the present application, through multiple sub-switch units, it is possible to control the two adjacent radiating units of each radiating unit pair among the multiple radiating units to switch between an electrically connected state and an electrically non-connected state. When the states (electrically connected state or electrically non-connected state) of the radiating units are different, the antenna can produce different radiation patterns. For example, when all the radiating units and their adjacent radiating units are in an electrically connected state, the antenna can be understood as being able to constitute a traditional loop antenna and produce a Broadside radiation pattern (that is, an end-fire radiation pattern). When all the radiating units and their adjacent radiating units are in an electrically non-connected state, the antenna can be understood as a coupled loop antenna and produce a horizontal omnidirectional radiation pattern. It can be seen that the present application can use the switching circuit to control the states of the radiating units, which helps the antenna to produce complementary radiation patterns, improve the spatial coverage capability of the antenna in the radiation direction, and even achieve omnidirectional coverage in the radiation direction.

[0140] Please refer to Figure 2a and Figure 2b , Figure 2a Schematic diagram of current flow of the antenna in state 1 according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2b Schematic diagram of current flow of the antenna in state 2 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0141] State 1 is: the main radiation unit 110 is connected to the feed source 200, and the switches S1, S2, and S3 are all in the off state. At this time, the annular radiator can generate a uniform and unidirectional annular current I0 flowing through all the radiation units. In this embodiment, Figure 2aAs shown, the loop current I0 flows from the position connecting the positive electrode of the feed source 200 through the entire loop radiator and then flows into the position connecting the negative electrode of the feed source 200.

[0142] State 2 is: the main radiation unit 110 is connected to the feed source 200, and the switches S1, S2, and S3 are all in the connected state. When the antenna in state 2 is excited in the one-wavelength mode, at this time, the feeding position of the loop radiator (i.e., the position connected to the feed source 200) is the point with the strongest current. The upper half of the loop radiator is centered on the feeding position, and the current in the lower half of the loop radiator is symmetrically distributed with the current in the upper half, that is: the loop radiator can generate a first current and a second current. The first current flows through half of the loop radiator, and the second current flows through the other half of the loop radiator, and the directions of the first current and the second current are opposite. In this embodiment, as Figure 2b shown, the first current I1 flows counterclockwise through the upper half of the loop radiator, and the second current I2 flows clockwise through the lower half of the loop radiator.

[0143] Furthermore, as Figure 1 shown, the antenna 100 further includes matching devices corresponding to the plurality of sub-switch units one by one, such as Figure 1 the matching device 161 corresponding to the sub-switch unit 151, the matching device 162 corresponding to the sub-switch unit 152, and the matching device 163 corresponding to the sub-switch unit 153 shown in

[0144] Each matching device is connected in series with a corresponding sub-switch unit, and the series-connected sub-switch unit and the matching device are connected between the opposite ends of the corresponding adjacent two radiation units.

[0145] The matching device is used to control: the operating frequency band of the antenna when each radiation unit and its adjacent radiation unit are in the non-electrically connected state, and: the operating frequency band of the antenna when each radiation unit and its adjacent radiation unit are in the electrically connected state, including the same frequency band. Or it can be understood as: the matching device can make the resonant frequencies of the antenna in the above state 1 and state 2 be within the same frequency band. Specifically, the resonant frequencies of the antenna in state 1 and the antenna in state 2 can be the same or adjacent.

[0146] In this embodiment, as Figure 1As shown, the sub-switching unit is a switch, specifically, for example, switches S1, S2, and S3. The form of the switch is not limited. As long as it can control the corresponding adjacent two radiation units to switch between the above-mentioned electrically connected state and non-electrically connected state, it does not depart from the scope of this application.

[0147] The matching device is an inductor, specifically, for example, inductors L1, L2, and L3. Inductor L1 is connected in series with switch S1 and is disposed in gap 141. Inductor L2 is connected in series with switch S2 and is disposed in gap 142. Inductor L3 is connected in series with switch S3 and is disposed in gap 143. More specifically, taking switch S1 and inductor L1 as an example, one end of switch S1 is connected to one end of the first main radiation unit 111 close to gap 141, the other end of switch S1 is connected to one end of inductor L1, and the other end of inductor L1 is connected to one end of radiation unit 120 close to gap 141. In other embodiments, the positions of switch S1 and inductor L1 can also be swapped. As long as the switch and the inductor are connected in series between the corresponding two radiation units and are located in the corresponding gap, it does not depart from the scope of this application.

[0148] When switch S1 is in the connected state, main radiation unit 110 and radiation unit 120 are in the connected state. When switch S1 is in the disconnected state, main radiation unit 110 and radiation unit 120 are in the disconnected state. The structures and principles of switch S2 and inductor L2, and switch S3 and inductor L3 are similar and will not be elaborated here.

[0149] Further, as Figure 1 shown, the antenna may further include coupling stubs corresponding to the gaps one by one, specifically, as Figure 1 shown by the shaded part in, including coupling stub 171 corresponding to gap 141, coupling stub 172 corresponding to gap 142, and coupling stub 173 corresponding to gap 143. The relative ends of any adjacent two radiation units can also be coupled through the corresponding coupling stubs. Specifically, for coupling stub 171, when main radiation unit 110 is connected to feeder 200 and switch S1 between main radiation unit 110 and radiation unit 120 is in the disconnected state, at this time, main radiation unit 110 and radiation unit 120 are coupled through coupling stub 171. The structures and principles of coupling stubs 172 and 173 are similar to those of coupling stub 171 and will not be elaborated here.

[0150] Among them, the shape of the coupling stub is not limited. It can be a straight bar shape, an arc shape, or other shapes. In this embodiment, the shape of the coupling stub is an arc extending along the circumferential direction of the annular radiator.

[0151] By setting coupling stubs, the coupling degree between two adjacent corresponding radiation units can be significantly enhanced. In particular, when two adjacent radiation units are in a disconnected state, the coupling degree between them can be enhanced, improving the radiation intensity of the radiation units, so that the radiation intensity in each radiation direction of the radiator in the horizontal plane is more uniform.

[0152] Furthermore, the coupling stubs are arranged at intervals from the annular radiator, and the two opposite ends of each coupling stub extend beyond the gap in the circumferential direction of the annular radiator. Taking the coupling stub 171 as an example, the two opposite ends of the coupling stub extending beyond the gap in the circumferential direction of the annular radiator can be understood as: the length of the coupling stub 171 along the circumferential direction of the annular radiator is greater than the length of the gap 141 along the circumferential direction of the annular radiator. The coupling stub 171 can not only completely cover the gap 141, but also cover part of the area of the main radiation unit 110 and part of the area of the radiation unit 120. This can further improve the coupling degree between any two adjacent radiation units. The structures of other coupling stubs are similar and will not be elaborated here.

[0153] In addition, in some solutions, when the annular radiator is a non-centrosymmetric structure, or the feeding port (i.e., the slot 113) is not at the midpoint of the geometric structure of the radiation unit 110, the radiation intensity can also be corrected by adjusting the position of the coupling stub, for example, adjusting multiple coupling stubs into an asymmetric structure.

[0154] Furthermore, in this embodiment, along the axial direction of the annular radiator, each coupling stub is arranged on one side of the annular radiator. In other embodiments, different coupling stubs can also be arranged on both sides of the annular radiator respectively.

[0155] Among them, along the direction perpendicular to the annular radiator, the more the overlapping part of the coupling stub and the adjacent radiation unit, the better the coupling degree between the corresponding radiation units. The greater the length of the coupling stub along the radial extension direction of the annular radiator (or can be understood as the width of the coupling stub), the better the coupling degree between the corresponding radiation units. Furthermore, along the direction perpendicular to the annular radiator, the shorter the distance between the coupling stub and the annular radiator, the better the coupling degree between the corresponding radiation units.

[0156] In addition, it should also be noted that the smaller the gap, the greater the coupling strength between the corresponding radiation units. However, in the design and processing of the antenna, if the gap is designed too small, such as less than 1 mm, or less than 0.5 mm, it will increase the processing difficulty of the annular radiator and is prone to large processing errors, which will have a greater impact on the antenna. In this embodiment, through the corresponding coupling stub for coupling, not only can the radiation intensity between the radiation units be ensured, but also the allowable error in the antenna processing process can be increased, avoiding the influence of the processing error of the gap on the antenna.

[0157] During the specific working process, when switches S1, S2, and S3 are all in the off state, the radiation units are coupled through the corresponding coupling stubs. For example, the main radiation unit 110 is coupled to the radiation unit 120 through the coupling stub 171, the main radiation unit 110 is coupled to the radiation unit 130 through the coupling stub 173, and the radiation unit 120 is coupled to the radiation unit 130 through the coupling stub 172. At this time, the antenna is in the first state, that is, state 1. The antenna in state 1 can be understood as a coupled loop antenna, and the radiation pattern generated by it is a horizontal omnidirectional radiation pattern;

[0158] When switches S1, S2, and S3 are all in the connected state, the main radiation unit 110, the radiation unit 120, the main radiation unit 110, the radiation unit 130, and the radiation unit 120 and the radiation unit 130 are all in an electrically connected state. At this time, the antenna is in the second state, that is, state 2. The antenna in state 2 can be understood as a traditional loop antenna, and the radiation pattern generated by it is a Broadside radiation pattern (i.e., an end-fire radiation pattern).

[0159] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 which is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present application, Figure 3 The structure of the shown antenna is basically the same as that of Figure 1 shown in the figure. The difference is that the matching devices (such as inductors L1, L2, and L3) and the sub-switching units (such as switches S1, S2, and S3) are arranged outside the corresponding gaps. Specifically, taking inductor L1 and switch S1 as an example, one end of the series connection of inductor L1 and switch S1 is connected to the area of the main radiation unit 110 near the gap 141 and is located on the inner circumference side of the annular radiator, and the other end of the series connection of inductor L1 and switch S1 is connected to the area of the radiation unit 120 near the gap 141 and is located on the inner circumference side of the annular radiator. Of course, those skilled in the art can understand that the series-connected switch and inductor can be arranged on the inner circumference side of the annular radiator or on the outer circumference side of the annular radiator, which does not limit the protection scope of the present application. It should be understood that Figure 3 and Figure 1 the solutions can be combined. For example, some switches and inductors are arranged outside the corresponding gaps, and some other switches and inductors are arranged inside the corresponding gaps.

[0160] Please refer to Figure 4 to Figure 5c , Figure 4 which is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna and the antenna carrier board in the electronic device according to the embodiment of the present application. Figure 5a which is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the antenna and the antenna carrier board in the electronic device according to the embodiment of the present application. Figure 5bSchematic diagram of the front structure of the antenna and the antenna carrier board in the electronic device according to the embodiment of the present application. Figure 5c Schematic diagram of the back structure of the antenna and the antenna carrier board in the electronic device according to the embodiment of the present application.

[0161] As Figure 4 shown, the embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device 300, including an antenna carrier board 310 and the antenna 100 involved in any of the above embodiments. The antenna 100 is disposed on the antenna carrier board 310. Specifically, as Figure 5a to Figure 5c shown, the antenna carrier board 310 has a first surface 311 and a second surface 312 opposite to the first surface 311 (please refer to Figure 5c ), and the annular radiator is disposed on the first surface 311 of the antenna carrier board 310. The annular radiator of the antenna 100 can be attached to the first surface 311 by using a laser direct structuring (LDS) process or an FPC board, or can be integrated on the first surface 311 of the antenna carrier board 310 by using an etching process, or can be a metal structural member disposed on the antenna carrier board 310.

[0162] In this embodiment, as Figure 5c shown, the coupling stub is disposed on the second surface 312 of the antenna carrier board 310.

[0163] Specifically, the length of the coupling stub 172 along the circumferential extension direction of the annular radiator is respectively greater than the lengths of the other coupling stubs (such as the coupling stub 171 and the coupling stub 173) along the circumferential extension direction of the annular radiator. This can improve the imbalance of the coupled loop mode magnetic field, and then can excite a relatively pure coupled loop mode, making the electromagnetic field and current distribution of the antenna more uniform, and making the radiation pattern complementarity of the antenna in different states (such as all radiation units are in an electrically connected state or all radiation units are in an unconnected state) better.

[0164] More specifically, if an arc-shaped coupling stub is used, the angle formed by the coupling stub 172 along the circumferential extension direction of the annular radiator is 28°, and the angles formed by the coupling stub 171 along the circumferential extension direction of the annular radiator are both 19°. Of course, those skilled in the art can understand that according to the actual working needs of the antenna, the above angles can also be other angles.

[0165] Further, the antenna carrier board can be, for example, a PCB board or a dielectric board. If a dielectric board is used, the dielectric constant of the dielectric board is 2.65, and the thickness of the dielectric board is 1 mm.

[0166] To meet the design and usage requirements of electronic devices, this application provides reference size matching parameters for an annular radiator and an antenna carrier board. For example, the inner diameter R1 of the annular radiator can be 14 mm, the outer diameter R2 of the annular radiator can be 18 mm, and the outer diameter of the antenna carrier board 310 can be 22 mm. Of course, those skilled in the art can understand that, to meet the different usage and design requirements of electronic devices, the above parameters can also be other values.

[0167] Further, please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 , which is a schematic structural diagram of the router according to the embodiment of this application. The electronic device involved in any of the above embodiments can be a router. In other embodiments, it can also be an electronic device such as a smart home or a smart watch.

[0168] The provided electronic device in this embodiment is simulated and analyzed using the full-wave electromagnetic simulation software CST, and the effect curve graph as shown in Figure 7-Figure 8 is obtained. Among them, State 1 and State 2 described below can be understood as follows: State 1 is the state where all switches are in the off state, and State 2 is the state where all switches are in the connected state, and it is the one-wavelength mode of the antenna excitation loop antenna.

[0169] Obtain Figure 7-Figure 8 The simulation effects of the obtained curve graph are shown in Table 1 below (please understand in combination with Figure 1 , Figure 5a to Figure 5b ):

[0170] Table 1

[0171] parameter Numeric Inner diameter of ring radiator R1(mm) 14 Outer diameter of the ring radiator R2 (mm) 18 Outer diameter of antenna carrier plate R3 (mm) 22 The arc length of the gap 141 corresponds to the central angle α1 (°) 15 The arc length of the gap 142 corresponds to the central angle α2 (°) 15 The arc length of the gap 143 corresponds to the central angle α2 (°) 15 Angle of the coupling branch 171 along the circumferential extension direction of the annular radiator (°) 19 Angle of the coupling branch 172 along the circumferential extension direction of the annular radiator (°) 28 Angle of the coupling branch 173 along the circumferential extension direction of the annular radiator (°) 19 Inductance value of inductor L1 (H) 2.2e-9 Inductance value of inductor L2 (H) 2.2e-9 Inductance value of inductor L3 (H) 2.2e-9 The length of the gap 113 along the circumferential extension direction of the annular radiator is L (mm) 1 Thickness of antenna carrier board (mm) 1

[0172] Please refer to Figure 7-Figure 8 , Figure 7 , which is a curve graph comparing the S parameters of the antenna obtained when the antenna in the embodiment of this application is tested for simulation effects in State 1 and State 2 respectively, Figure 8 is a curve graph comparing the radiation efficiency and system efficiency (i.e., efficiency) of the antenna obtained when the antenna in the embodiment of this application is tested for simulation effects in State 1 and State 2 respectively;

[0173] In Figure 7 , the abscissa represents frequency, the unit is GHz, and the ordinate represents the magnitude value of S11, the unit is dB. S11 is one of the S parameters. S11 represents the reflection coefficient. This parameter can characterize the quality of the antenna transmission efficiency. Specifically, the smaller the S11 value, the smaller the antenna return loss, the smaller the energy reflected back by the antenna itself, that is, it means that the more energy actually enters the antenna.

[0174] It should be noted that in engineering, generally, the S11 value of -6 dB is used as the standard. When the S11 value of the antenna is less than -6 dB, it can be considered that the antenna can work normally, or it can be considered that the transmission efficiency of the antenna is good.

[0175] As can be seen from Figure 7 that within the frequency band of 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, the S11 value of the antenna in state 1 is about -12 dB to -10 dB, less than -6 dB, and the S11 value of the antenna in state 2 is about -9.2 dB to -8.9 dB, also less than -6 dB. Moreover, the resonant frequencies of the antenna in state 1 and the antenna in state 2 are both 2.45 GHz. Further, it can also be seen that within the working frequency band of 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, the S11 parameter of the antenna in state 1 is better than the S11 parameter of the antenna in state 2.

[0176] In Figure 8 the horizontal axis represents the frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents the radiation efficiency and system efficiency of the antenna. Among them, the radiation efficiency is a value that measures the radiation ability of the antenna, and both metal loss and dielectric loss are influencing factors of the radiation efficiency. The system efficiency is the actual efficiency after considering the antenna port matching, that is, the system efficiency of the antenna is the actual efficiency of the antenna (i.e., the efficiency). Those skilled in the art can understand that efficiency is generally expressed in percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between it and dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0 dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna is characterized.

[0177] As can be seen from Figure 8 that when the working frequency band is 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, the radiation efficiency of the antenna in state 1 is -0.1 dB to 0 dB, and the system efficiency is -0.7 dB to -0.3 dB. The radiation efficiency of the antenna in state 2 is -0.01 dB to 0 dB, and the system efficiency is -0.7 dB to -0.6 dB. Thus, it can be known that when the working frequency band is 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, the radiation efficiencies of the antenna in state 2 and the antenna in state 1 are similar, and the system efficiency of the antenna in state 1 is 0.3 dB higher than that of the antenna in state 2.

[0178] Please refer to Figure 9a to Figure 9c , Figure 9a , Figure 9b and Fig.9c which are respectively the antenna local current distribution diagram, antenna local electric field distribution diagram, and antenna local magnetic field distribution diagram obtained when the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is tested for simulation effect in state 1.

[0179] In Figure 9a the arrow indicates the current direction on the annular radiator of the antenna. From Figure 9aAs can be seen, for the antenna in State 1, a circular current can be generated flowing from the positive electrode position near the feeder to the negative electrode position near the feeder. In Figure 9b the darker the color, the stronger the electric field intensity. From Figure 9b it can be seen that the electric field intensity radiated by the radiation unit near the feeding position is greater than that radiated by the radiation unit far from the feeding position. In Fig.9c the darker the color, the stronger the magnetic field intensity. From Fig.9c it can be seen that for the antenna in State 1, the magnetic field intensity radiated in all directions on the horizontal plane (i.e., the plane parallel to the antenna carrier board) is relatively uniform.

[0180] Please refer to Figure 10a to Figure 10c , Fig.10a , Fig.10b , Fig.10c which are respectively the local current distribution diagram, local electric field distribution diagram, and local magnetic field distribution diagram of the antenna obtained when the simulation effect test of the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is carried out in State 2.

[0181] In Fig.10a the arrow indicates the current direction on the circular radiator of the antenna. From Fig.10a it can be seen that for the antenna in State 2, a first current and a second current can be generated flowing from the switch S1 to the switch S3 respectively. Among them, the first current flows through the upper half of the circular radiator, the second current flows through the lower half of the circular radiator, and the flow directions of the first current and the second current are opposite. In Fig.10b the darker the color, the stronger the electric field intensity. In this embodiment, the main radiation unit is on the upper part of the circular radiator. From Fig.10b it can be seen that the electric field intensities of the left and right two parts symmetric about the center line of the circular radiator (as shown by the dotted line in the figure) and far from the center line are stronger, and along the circumferential direction of the circular radiator, the part close to the center line of the circular radiator has a weaker electric field intensity. Among them, the center line of the above-mentioned circular radiator is the center line passing through the midpoint of the slit 113. In Fig.10c the darker the color, the stronger the magnetic field intensity. From Fig.10c it can be seen that for the antenna in State 2, the magnetic field intensity radiated in all directions on the horizontal plane (i.e., the plane parallel to the antenna carrier board) is uneven.

[0182] Please refer to Figure 11a to Figure 11b , Fig.11a , Fig.11b which are respectively the three-dimensional radiation pattern diagrams of the antenna obtained when the simulation effect test of the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is carried out in State 1 and State 2. The operating frequency of the antenna is 2.45 GHz, where the darker the color, the stronger the radiation intensity. From Fig.11aAs can be seen, the antenna in state 1 generates relatively strong and uniform radiation intensity on the horizontal plane (i.e., the XOY plane, the plane parallel to the antenna carrier board), and there are concave points (i.e., points with very low radiation intensity) in the Z-axis direction (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the antenna carrier board). From Fig.11b As can be seen, the antenna in state 2 generates relatively strong radiation intensity in the Z-axis direction and relatively weak radiation intensity in the X-axis direction.

[0183] Please refer to Figure 12a to Figure 12c , Figure 12a-Figure 12c which are the two-dimensional comparison diagrams of the antenna radiation directions obtained when the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is subjected to simulation effect tests in state 1 and state 2 respectively; among them, Fig.12a is the two-dimensional comparison diagram of the radiation direction on the XOZ plane, Figure 12b is the two-dimensional comparison diagram of the radiation direction on the YOZ plane, Fig.12c is the two-dimensional comparison diagram of the radiation direction on the XOY plane.

[0184] Please refer to Fig.12a , and in combination with Fig.11a and Fig.11b , the antenna in state 1 has relatively strong radiation intensity in the X-axis direction and relatively weak radiation intensity in the Z-axis direction, and the antenna in state 2 has relatively weak intensity in the X-axis direction and relatively strong radiation intensity in the Z-axis direction.

[0185] Please refer to Figure 12b , and in combination with Fig.11a and Fig.11b , the antenna in state 1 has relatively strong radiation intensity in the Y-axis direction and relatively weak and non-uniform radiation intensity in the Z-axis direction. The antenna in state 2 has relatively strong and uniform radiation intensity on the YOZ plane.

[0186] Please refer to Fig.12c , and in combination with Fig.11a and Fig.11b , the antenna in state 1 has relatively strong and uniform radiation intensity on the XOY plane. The antenna in state 2 has relatively weak and non-uniform radiation intensity on the X-axis and relatively strong but non-uniform radiation intensity on the Y-axis.

[0187] From the above comparative analysis, it can be seen that the antenna in state 1 can generate a horizontal omnidirectional radiation pattern, and the radiation intensity is relatively uniform, and there are concave points on the Z-axis (i.e., points with very low radiation intensity). The antenna in state 2 can generate a Broadside radiation pattern, and the radiation intensity on the Z-axis is relatively strong. It can be seen that through the switching circuit of the present application, the antenna can generate different and complementary radiation patterns in state 1 and state 2 respectively, thereby improving the spatial coverage ability of the radiation direction of the antenna and laying a foundation for realizing the omnidirectional coverage of the radiation direction of the antenna.

[0188] Please refer to Figure 13a to Figure 13c , Figure 13a-Figure 13c which is the antenna polarization direction vector diagram obtained when the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is subjected to a simulation effect test in State 1, where the spherical coordinate system is used during the simulation effect test. Among them, the darker the color, the stronger the electric field intensity. The polarization of the antenna refers to the direction of the electric field intensity formed when the antenna radiates, and the electric field direction of the polarized electromagnetic wave is called the polarization direction.

[0189] Fig.13a is the omnidirectional vector diagram of the antenna polarization direction in State 1. From Fig.13a it can be seen that the pole is in the Z-axis direction. Among them, the pole can be understood as the north pole in the spherical coordinate system. Fig.13b is the polarization component of the antenna in State 1 in the direction of angle Theta (θ) (the angle θ is on the XOZ plane of the Cartesian coordinate system). That is to say, Fig.13b can characterize the polarization component of the antenna in State 1 on the XOZ plane. Fig.13c is the polarization component of the antenna in State 1 in the direction of angle (the angle is on the XOY plane of the Cartesian coordinate system). That is to say, Fig.13c can characterize the polarization component of the antenna in State 1 on the XOY plane.

[0190] Among them, the angle can also be understood as being on the plane (i.e., the XOY plane) perpendicular to the axis where the pole is located (here it is the Z-axis).

[0191] Regarding the angle Theta (θ) and the angle please refer to Fig.14d and Fig.14e , and the following formula can be used for conversion with the Cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z).

[0192]

[0193]

[0194] Among them, r can be understood as any point in the Cartesian coordinate system, and the distance from it to the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system is also represented by r.

[0195] It should be noted that since the current generated by the antenna in this embodiment is parallel to the horizontal plane (specifically, it can be understood by referring to the previous text and Figure 9a , Fig.10a ), therefore, the polarization mode of the antenna in this embodiment is linear polarization. Linear polarization refers to an electromagnetic wave in which the orientation of the electric field vector in space remains fixed. When the current direction of the radiation unit of the antenna is parallel to or perpendicular to the ground, the polarization mode of the antenna is linear polarization. From Fig.13a and Fig.13c As can be seen, the polarization component of the antenna in state 1 in the direction (or can be understood as on the XOY plane) of the angle is basically consistent with the omnidirectional vector of the antenna polarization direction. Therefore, the main component of the far-field electric field of the antenna in state 1 is Figure 1 The polarization component of the antenna is (linear polarization). Since the magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the electric field direction, it can be obtained that the main component of the far-field magnetic field is H (linear polarization). Since the magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the electric field direction, it can be obtained that the main component of the far-field magnetic field is H θ .

[0196] Please refer to Figure 14a to Figure 14c , Figure 14a to Figure 14c which is the antenna polarization direction vector diagram obtained when the antenna in the embodiment of the present application is tested for simulation effect in state 2. Among them, the spherical coordinate system is used during the simulation effect test.

[0197] Fig.14a is the omnidirectional vector diagram of the antenna polarization direction in state 2. As can be seen from Fig.14a it, the pole is located in the X-axis direction. Fig.14b is the polarization component of the antenna in state 2 in the direction of the angle Theta (θ) (the angle θ is located on the XOZ plane of the Cartesian coordinate system), Fig.14c is the polarization component of the antenna in state 2 in the direction of the angle (the angle is located on the YOZ plane of the Cartesian coordinate system).

[0198] From Fig.14a and Fig.14c it can be seen that the polarization component of the antenna in state 2 in the direction of the angle Theta (θ) is basically consistent with the omnidirectional vector of the antenna polarization direction. Therefore, the main component of the far-field electric field of the antenna in state 2 is E Figure 1 , and the polarization component of the antenna is E θ (linear polarization). Since the magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the electric field direction, it can be obtained that the main component of the far-field magnetic field is θ (linear polarization). Since the magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the electric field direction, it can be obtained that the main component of the far-field magnetic field is Furthermore, since the direction of the angle θ is consistent with the X-axis, the polarization direction of the antenna is Ex linear polarization.

[0199] Among them, the angle can also be understood as being located on the plane (i.e., the YOZ plane) perpendicular to the axis where the pole is located (here it is the X-axis).

[0200] Regarding the angle Theta (θ) and the angle please refer to Fig.14d and Fig.14e , and the following formula can be used for conversion with the Cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z):

[0201]

[0202]

[0203] Among them, r can be understood as any point in the Cartesian coordinate system, and the distance from it to the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system is also represented by r.

[0204] Please refer to Fig.15 , Fig.15 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present application. Among them, the coupling stub is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the annular radiator, and the number of radiation units is 3. The structure of the antenna 100A according to the embodiment of the present application is basically the same as the structure of the antenna 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application. The difference lies in that the coupling stub (such as the coupling stub 171A, the coupling stub 172A, the coupling stub 173A) and the annular radiator (including the main radiation unit 110A, the radiation unit 120A, and the radiation unit 130A) are arranged on the same plane and located on the inner or outer peripheral side of the annular radiator, or it can be understood that: taking the plane parallel to the axis of the annular radiator as the projection plane, the projection of each coupling stub (such as the coupling stub 171A, the coupling stub 172A, the coupling stub 173A) on the projection plane and the projection of the annular radiator on the projection plane at least partially overlap. Specifically, in this embodiment, the coupling stub is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the annular radiator.

[0205] Among them, along the direction parallel to the annular radiator, the more the overlapping part of the coupling stub and the adjacent radiation unit, the greater the coupling degree between the corresponding radiation units. The greater the length of the coupling stub along the radial extension direction of the annular radiator (or it can be understood as the width of the coupling stub), the greater the coupling degree between the corresponding radiation units. Further, along the direction parallel to the annular radiator, the shorter the distance between the coupling stub and the annular radiator, the greater the coupling degree between the corresponding radiation units. In this embodiment, a size design selection example is provided as follows:

[0206] The inner diameter R1 of the annular radiator is 13 mm, the outer diameter R2 of the annular radiator is 17 mm, the inner diameter R4 of the coupling stub is 9 mm, the outer diameter R5 of the coupling stub is 12 mm, the distance D from the outer peripheral edge of the coupling stub to the inner peripheral edge of the annular radiator is 1 mm, and the dimension W of the coupling stub along the radial direction of the annular radiator (or it can be understood as the width of the coupling stub) is 3 mm.

[0207] During the specific working process, when the switch S1 A , the switch S2 A , the switch S2 A , the switch S2 AWhen all are in the off state, the radiation units are coupled to each other through the corresponding coupling stubs. At this time, the antenna is in the first antenna state, i.e., state 1. The antenna in state 1 can be understood as a coupled loop antenna, and the radiation pattern generated by it is a horizontal omnidirectional radiation pattern.

[0208] When switch S1 A , switch S2 A , and switch S3 A are all in the on state, the main radiation unit 110A is electrically connected to the radiation unit 120A, the main radiation unit 110A is electrically connected to the radiation unit 130A, and the radiation unit 120A is electrically connected to the radiation unit 130A. At this time, the antenna is in the second antenna state, i.e., state 2. The antenna in state 2 can be understood as a traditional loop antenna, and the radiation pattern generated by it is a Broadside radiation pattern (i.e., an end-fire radiation pattern).

[0209] Please refer to Fig.16 , Fig.16 , which is a front view structural schematic diagram of the antenna and the antenna carrier board in the electronic device according to the embodiment of the present application.

[0210] As Fig.16 shown, the embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device 300A, including an antenna carrier board 310A and the antenna 100A involved in each implementation manner of the above embodiments. The antenna 100A is disposed on the antenna carrier board 310A.

[0211] By disposing the coupling stubs on the inner peripheral side or the outer peripheral side of the annular radiator, when the annular radiator (such as the main radiation unit 110A, the radiation unit 120A, and the radiation unit 130A) is disposed on the antenna carrier board, the coupling degree between any two radiation units can be adjusted only through the coupling stubs and the radiation units themselves, decoupled from the thickness of the antenna carrier board (i.e., independent of the thickness of the antenna carrier board), thereby reducing the design complexity.

[0212] The full-wave electromagnetic simulation software CST is used to perform simulation analysis on the electronic device provided in this embodiment, and the effect curve graph as Figure 17-18 shown is obtained. Among them, state 1 and state 2 described below can be understood as follows: state 1 is the state where all switches are in the off state, state 2 is the state where all switches are in the on state, and the antenna excites the one-wavelength mode of the loop antenna.

[0213] The simulation effects of obtaining the curve graph as Figure 17-18 shown are as shown in Table 2 below (please understand in combination with Figure 15 and Figure 16 ):

[0214] Table 2

[0215]

[0216]

[0217] Please refer to Figures 17 - 18 , Figure 17 which is the effect curve diagram of the comparison of the S parameters of the antenna obtained when the antennas of the embodiments of the present application are respectively subjected to simulation effect tests in State 1 and State 2; Figure 18 which is the effect curve diagram of the comparison of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency (i.e., efficiency) of the antenna obtained when the antennas of the embodiments of the present application are respectively subjected to simulation effect tests in State 1 and State 2.

[0218] It can be seen from Figure 17 that in the frequency band of 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, the S11 value of the antenna in State 1 is about -9.8 dB to -8.9 dB, the S11 value of the antenna in State 2 is about -11 dB to -9.91 dB, and the resonance frequencies of the antenna in State 1 and the antenna in State 2 are both 2.45 GHz. It can also be seen that in the working frequency band of 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, the S11 parameter of the antenna in State 2 is better than the S11 parameter of the antenna in State 1.

[0219] It can be seen from Figure 18 that when the working frequency band is 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, the radiation efficiency of the antenna in State 1 is about -0.1 dB to -0 dB, the system efficiency is about -1 dB to -0.8 dB, the radiation efficiency of the antenna in State 2 is about -0.1 dB to -0.09 dB, and the system efficiency is about -0.6 dB to -0.5 dB. It can be known from this that when the working frequency band is 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, the radiation efficiencies of the antenna in State 2 and the antenna in State 1 are similar, and the system efficiency of the antenna in State 2 is 0.4 dB higher than that of the antenna in State 1.

[0220] Please refer to Figures 19a - 19c , Figure 19a , Figure 19b and Figure 19c which are respectively the local current distribution diagram, local electric field distribution diagram, and local magnetic field distribution diagram of the antenna obtained when the antenna of the embodiments of the present application is subjected to simulation effect tests in State 1.

[0221] It can be seen from Figure 19a that for the antenna in State 1, a uniform and co-directional circular current can be generated flowing from the positive electrode position near the feed source to the negative electrode position near the feed source. It can be seen from Figure 19b that the electric field intensity radiated by the radiation unit near the feeding position is greater than that radiated by the radiation unit far from the feeding position. It can be seen from Figure 19cIt can be seen that for the antenna in state 1, the magnetic field strength radiated in all directions on the horizontal plane (i.e., the plane parallel to the antenna carrier board) is relatively uniform.

[0222] And, by Figures 19a - 19c analyzing and comparing with the Figures 9a - 9c in the embodiment of the present application, it is not difficult to see that compared with the Figure 1 antenna structure, the coupled loop mode excited by the Figure 15 antenna structure (i.e., the antenna in state 1) is purer, its electromagnetic field and current distributions are more uniform, and moreover, the radiation pattern of the antenna in state 1 and the radiation pattern in state 2 have better complementarity.

[0223] Please refer to Figures 20a - 20c , Figure 20a , Figure 20b , Figure 20c which are respectively the local current distribution diagram of the antenna, the local electric field distribution diagram of the antenna, and the local magnetic field distribution diagram of the antenna obtained when the antenna in the embodiment of the present application is tested for simulation effect in state 2. They are similar to the local current distribution diagram of the antenna, the local electric field distribution diagram of the antenna, and the local magnetic field distribution diagram of the Figure 1 antenna structure, and will not be elaborated here.

[0224] Please refer to Figures 21a - 21b , Figure 21a , Figure 21b which are respectively the three-dimensional radiation pattern diagrams of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application obtained when tested for simulation effect in states 1 and 2. They are similar to the three-dimensional radiation pattern diagrams of the Figure 1 antenna structure, and will not be elaborated here.

[0225] Please refer to Figures 22a - 22c , Figures 22a - 22c which is the two-dimensional comparison diagram of the radiation pattern of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application obtained when tested for simulation effect in states 1 and 2 respectively; it is similar to the two-dimensional comparison diagram of the radiation pattern of the Figure 1 antenna structure, and will not be elaborated here.

[0226] Please refer to Figures 23a - 24c , Figures 23a - 23c which is the antenna polarization direction vector diagram obtained when the antenna in the embodiment of the present application is tested for simulation effect in state 1, Figures 24a - 24c and Figures 24a - 24c Figure 1 which is the antenna polarization direction vector diagram obtained when the antenna in the embodiment of the present application is tested for simulation effect in state 2, where the spherical coordinate system is used during the simulation effect test. They are similar to the antenna polarization direction vector diagrams of the

[0227] Please refer to Figure 25a , Figure 25aSchematic diagram of the structure of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present application, where the number of radiation units is 4. The structure of the antenna 100B according to the embodiment of the present application is basically the same as the structure of the antenna 100 provided in the embodiment, except that the number of radiation units is 4. Correspondingly, the number of switches is 4, and the number of inductors is also 4.

[0228] Specifically, the 4 switches include switch S1 B , S2 B , S3 B and S4 B , and inductors L1 B , L2 B , L3 B and L4 B .

[0229] Among them, switch S1 B is arranged in the gap 141B between the main radiation unit 110B and the radiation unit 120B, switch S2 B is arranged in the gap 142B between the main radiation unit 110B and the radiation unit 130B, switch S3 B is arranged in the gap 143B between the radiation unit 130B and the radiation unit 140B, and switch S4 B is arranged in the gap 144B between the radiation unit 140B and the radiation unit 120B. The series-connected inductor L1 B and switch S1 B , one end is connected to one end of the first main radiation unit 111B close to the gap 141B, and the other end is connected to one end of the radiation unit 120B close to the gap 141B. The series-connected inductor L2 B and switch S2 B , one end is connected to one end of the second main radiation unit 112B close to the gap 142B, and the other end is connected to one end of the radiation unit 130B close to the gap 142B. The series-connected inductor L3 B and switch S3 B , one end is connected to one end of the radiation unit 130B close to the gap 143B, and the other end is connected to one end of the radiation unit 140B close to the gap 143B. The series-connected inductor L4 B and switch S4 B , one end is connected to one end of the radiation unit 140B close to the gap 144B, and the other end is connected to one end of the radiation unit 120B close to the gap 144B. Of course, those skilled in the art can understand that the positions of the inductor and the switch can be interchanged, which does not limit the protection scope of the present application herein.

[0230] Please refer to Figures 25b - 25e , Figure 25bSchematic diagram of current flow in antenna state 1 of the embodiment of the present application Figure 25c Schematic diagram of current flow in antenna state 2 of the embodiment of the present application Figure 25d Schematic diagram of current flow in antenna state 3 of the embodiment of the present application Figure 25e Schematic diagram of current flow in antenna state 4 of the embodiment of the present application

[0231] State 1 is: The main radiation unit 110B is connected to the feeder 200B, and the switches S1 B , switch S2 B , switch S3 B , S4 B are all in the off state. At this time, the loop radiator can generate a uniform and co-directional loop current flowing through all radiation units. In this embodiment, as Figure 25b shown, the loop current I0 flows through the entire loop radiator from the position near the positive pole of the feeder 200 and then flows into the position near the negative pole of the feeder 200B

[0232] State 2 is: The main radiation unit 110B is connected to the feeder 200B, and the switches S1 B , switch S2 B , switch S3 B , S4 B are all in the connected state. As Figure 25c shown, the first current I1 flows counterclockwise through the upper half of the loop radiator, and the second current I2 flows clockwise through the lower half of the loop radiator

[0233] State 3 is: The main radiation unit 110B is connected to the feeder 200B, and the switches S1 B , switch S3 B are in the connected state, and the switches S2 B , switch S4 B are in the off state. As Figure 25d shown, the loop radiator generates a first current I1 flowing counterclockwise from the switch S4 B to the switch S2 B and a second current I2 flowing clockwise from the switch S4 B to the switch S2 B

[0234] State 4 is: The main radiation unit 110B is connected to the feeder 200B, and the switches S2 B , switch S4 B are in the connected state, and the switches S1 B , switch S3 B are in the off state. As Figure 25e shown, at this time, the loop radiator generates a current flowing counterclockwise from the switch S1 B to the switch S3 B ​The first current I1 at and the self-switch S1 B flows clockwise to the switch S3 at B the second current I2 at.

[0235] The antenna provided in this embodiment can be in different antenna states by controlling the switching of each switch between the connected state and the disconnected state. For example, when all the switches are in the disconnected state (i.e., state 1), the antenna can be understood as a coupled loop antenna. When all the switches are in the connected state (i.e., state 2), the antenna can be understood as the one-wavelength mode of a traditional loop antenna. When the switch S1 B and the switch S3 B are in the connected state and the switch S2 B and the switch S4 B are in the disconnected state (i.e., state 3), the radiation pattern of the antenna rotates counterclockwise by 45° along the horizontal plane, forming the boundary condition of the one-wavelength mode that rotates counterclockwise by 45° in the horizontal plane. When the switch S2 B and the switch S4 B are in the connected state and the switch S1 B and the switch S3 B are in the disconnected state (i.e., state 4), the radiation pattern of the antenna rotates clockwise by 45° along the horizontal plane, forming the boundary condition of the one-wavelength mode that rotates clockwise by 45° in the horizontal plane. For the specific rotation of the radiation pattern, please refer to the description of the simulation analysis in the following text.

[0236] Of course, those skilled in the art can understand that in the embodiment with 4 switches, at most 16 (2 4 ) states can be combined, and thus different current directions are generated, which does not limit the protection scope of this application herein.

[0237] Please refer to Figures 25a - 26 , this embodiment also provides an electronic device 300B, including an antenna carrier board 310B and the antenna 100B involved in any of the above embodiments. The antenna 100B is disposed on the antenna carrier board 310B.

[0238] Furthermore, in order to better adjust the impedance of the antenna under different states, the electronic device provided in this embodiment further includes an anti-symmetric feeding network for realizing anti-symmetric feeding, including: a first microstrip line 321B and a second microstrip line 322B. The first main radiation unit 111B is connected to the negative pole of the feed source 200B through the first microstrip line 321B, and the second main radiation unit 112B is connected to the positive pole of the feed source 200B through the second microstrip line 322B. Of course, those skilled in the art can understand that the positions of the first microstrip line 321B and the second microstrip line 322B can be interchanged, which does not limit the protection scope of this application herein.

[0239] Further, the electronic device provided in this embodiment further includes a tunable capacitor C, which is connected between the feed 200B and the main radiation unit 110B, and can adjust the input impedance of the antenna in different states by adjusting the parameters of the capacitor. Specifically, the tunable capacitor C is disposed on the microstrip line 322B. The specific parameter selection of the capacitor can be made according to the actual usage requirements of the antenna. This embodiment provides a reference parameter selection as follows:

[0240] When the antenna is in state 1, the parameter selection of the capacitor can be 0.75 pF. When the antenna is in states 2, 3, and 4, the parameter selection of the capacitor can be 2.7 pF. For the specific states 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the antenna, please refer to the foregoing for understanding.

[0241] Specifically, as Figures 27a - 27c shown, the antenna carrier board 310B has a first surface 311B and a second surface 312B opposite to the first surface 311B (please refer to Figure 27c ), and the annular radiator is disposed on the first surface 311B of the antenna carrier board 310B. In this embodiment, as Figure 27c shown, the coupling stub is disposed on the second surface 312B of the antenna carrier board 310B.

[0242] Specifically, in this embodiment, a size design selection example of the coupling stub is provided as follows:

[0243] The angles formed by the coupling stubs 171B, 172B, 173B, and 174B along the circumferential extension direction of the annular radiator are all 30°.

[0244] The antenna provided in this embodiment can be switched between the connected state and the disconnected state through multiple switches, enabling the antenna to switch between at least four antenna states, generating at least four different radiation patterns, and the four radiation patterns have good complementarity, greatly improving the radiation space coverage ability of the antenna.

[0245] The full-wave electromagnetic simulation software CST is used to perform simulation analysis on the electronic device provided in this embodiment, and the effect curve graph as Figures 28 - 29 shown is obtained.

[0246] Obtain Figures 28 - 29 The simulation effects of the curve graph shown are as shown in Table 1 below (please refer to Figure 25a and Figure 26 for understanding):

[0247] Table 3

[0248]

[0249] Please refer toFigures 28 - 29 , Figure 28 is the effect curve graph of the comparison of the S parameters of the antenna obtained when the antennas in the embodiments of the present application are respectively subjected to simulation effect tests in states 1, 2, 3, and 4. Figure 29 is the effect curve graph of the comparison of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency (i.e., efficiency) of the antenna obtained when the antennas in the embodiments of the present application are respectively subjected to simulation effect tests in states 1, 2, 3, and 4; wherein, state 1 is the state where all sub-switch units are in the off state, that is: switch S1 in the antenna B , switch S2 B , switch S3 B and switch S4 B are all in the off state, state 2 is the state where all sub-switch units are in the connected state, that is: switch S1 in the antenna B , switch S2 B , switch S3 B and switch S4 B are all in the connected state, and the antenna excites the one-wavelength mode of the loop antenna, state 3 is the state where antenna switch S1 B and switch S3 B are in the connected state and switch S2 B and switch S4 B are in the off state, state 4 switch S2 B and switch S4 B are in the connected state and switch S1 B and switch S3 B are in the off state.

[0250] It can be seen from Figure 28 that in the frequency band of 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, the S11 value of the antenna in state 1 is about -12 dB to -5 dB, the S11 value of the antenna in state 2 is about -18 dB to -12.8 dB, the S11 value of the antenna in state 3 is about -9 dB to -6.5 dB, and the S11 value of the antenna in state 4 is about -9 dB to -6.5 dB. And it can also be seen that in the working frequency band of 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, the S11 parameter of the antenna in state 2 is better than the S11 parameter of the antenna in state 1, the S11 parameter of the antenna in state 1 is better than the S11 parameter of the antenna in state 3, and the S11 parameters of the antennas in state 3 and state 4 are the same.

[0251] It can be seen from Figure 29It can be seen that when the operating frequency band is 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, the radiation efficiency of the antenna in State 1 is about -0.1 dB to -0 dB, the system efficiency is about -2.4 dB to -0.2 dB, the radiation efficiency of the antenna in State 2 tends to 0, the system efficiency is about -0.5 dB to -0 dB, the radiation efficiency of the antenna in State 3 tends to 0, the system efficiency is about -1.5 dB to -0.4 dB, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna in State 4 tends to 0, and the system efficiency is -1.5 dB to -0.4 dB.

[0252] It can be known from this that when the operating frequency band is 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, the radiation efficiencies of the antennas in States 1, 2, 3, and 4 are basically the same. The system efficiency of the antenna in State 2 is the best, which is 1.9 dB higher than the system efficiency of the antenna in State 1. The system efficiency of the antenna in State 1 is better than the system efficiencies of the antennas in States 3 and 4.

[0253] Please refer to Figures 30a - 30c , Figure 30a , Figure 30b and Figure 30c respectively are the antenna partial current distribution diagram, the antenna partial electric field distribution diagram, and the antenna partial magnetic field distribution diagram obtained when the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is in State 1 for simulation effect testing.

[0254] From Figure 30a it can be seen that for the antenna in State 1, a uniform and co-directional circular current can be generated flowing from the positive pole position near the feed source to the negative pole position near the feed source. From Figure 30b it can be seen that the electric field intensity radiated by the radiation unit near the feeding position is greater than that radiated by the radiation unit far from the feeding position. From Figure 30c it can be seen that for the antenna in State 1, the magnetic field intensity radiated in each direction on the horizontal plane (i.e., the plane parallel to the antenna carrier board) is relatively uniform.

[0255] Please refer to Figures 31a - 31c , Figure 31a , Figure 31b , Figure 31c respectively are the antenna partial current distribution diagram, the antenna partial electric field distribution diagram, and the antenna partial magnetic field distribution diagram obtained when the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is in State 2 for simulation effect testing.

[0256] From Figure 31a it can be seen that for the antenna in State 2, a first current and a second current can be generated. Among them, along the direction perpendicular to the radiator, the first current flows counterclockwise through the upper half of the circular radiator, and the second current flows clockwise through the lower half of the circular radiator. In this embodiment, the main radiation unit is on the upper part of the circular radiator. From Figure 31bIt can be seen that the electric field strengths of the left and right parts symmetric about the center line of the annular radiator (as shown by the dashed line in the figure) and far from the center line are relatively strong, and along the circumferential direction of the annular radiator, the electric field strength of the part close to the center line of the annular radiator is relatively weak. Among them, the center line of the above-mentioned annular radiator is the center line passing through the midpoint of the slot 113. From Figure 31c It can be seen that for the antenna in State 2, the magnetic field strengths radiated in all directions on the horizontal plane (i.e., the plane parallel to the antenna carrier board) are uneven.

[0257] Please refer to Figures 32a - 32c , Figure 32a , Figure 32b , Figure 32c They are respectively the antenna partial current distribution diagram, the antenna partial electric field distribution diagram, and the antenna partial magnetic field distribution diagram obtained when the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is tested for the simulation effect in State 3.

[0258] From Figure 32a it can be seen that for the antenna in State 3, it can generate a first current flowing counterclockwise from switch S2 B to switch S4 B and a second current flowing clockwise from switch S2 B to switch S4 B . From Figure 32b it can be seen that the electric field strength radiated by the radiation unit far from the feeding position is smaller than that radiated by the radiation unit close to the feeding position, and the region with the strongest electric field strength is concentrated near switch S2 B . From Figure 32c it can be seen that for the antenna in State 3, the magnetic field strengths radiated in all directions on the horizontal plane (i.e., the plane parallel to the antenna carrier board) are uneven, and the region with the strongest magnetic field strength is concentrated near switch S4 B .

[0259] In Figure 33a , from Figure 33a it can be seen that for the antenna in State 4, it can generate a first current I B flowing counterclockwise from switch S1 B to switch S3 1B and a second current I B flowing clockwise from switch S1 B to switch S3 2B . From Figure 33b it can be seen that the electric field strength radiated by the radiation unit far from the feeding position is smaller than that radiated by the radiation unit close to the feeding position, and the region with the strongest electric field strength is concentrated near switch S1 B , and from Figure 33cIt can be seen that for the antenna in state 4, the magnetic field strengths radiated in all directions on the horizontal plane (i.e., the plane parallel to the antenna carrier board) are uneven, and the region with the strongest magnetic field strength is concentrated near the switch S4 B Nearby.

[0260] Please refer to Figures 34a - 34d , Figure 34a , Figure 34b , Figure 34c , Figure 34d are respectively the three-dimensional diagrams of the radiation directions of the antenna in the embodiments of the present application in states 1, 2, 3, and 4 obtained during the simulation effect test. It can be seen from Figure 34a that the antenna in state 1 generates a relatively strong and uniform radiation intensity on the horizontal plane (i.e., the XOY plane, the plane parallel to the antenna carrier board), and there are concave points (i.e., points with very low radiation intensity) in the Z-axis direction (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the antenna carrier board). It can be seen from Figure 34b that the antenna in state 2 generates a relatively strong radiation intensity in the Z-axis direction and a relatively weak radiation intensity in the X-axis direction.

[0261] It can be seen from Figure 34c that the antenna in state 3 generates a relatively strong radiation intensity in the direction of rotating the Y-axis counterclockwise by 45°, and a relatively weak radiation intensity in the direction perpendicular to this direction.

[0262] It can be seen from Figure 34d that the antenna in state 4 generates a relatively strong radiation intensity in the direction of rotating the Y-axis clockwise by 45°, and a relatively weak radiation intensity in the direction perpendicular to this direction.

[0263] It can be seen that for the antenna provided in this embodiment, by controlling the switching between the connected state and the disconnected state of each switch, the antenna can be in different antenna states. For example, when all the switches are in the disconnected state (i.e., state 1), the antenna can be understood as a coupled loop antenna; when all the switches are in the connected state (i.e., state 2), the antenna can be understood as a one-wavelength mode of a traditional loop antenna. When switch S1 B and switch S3 B are in the connected state and switch S2 B and switch S4 B are in the disconnected state (i.e., state 3), the radiation pattern of the antenna rotates counterclockwise by 45° along the horizontal plane, forming the boundary condition of a one-wavelength mode rotating counterclockwise by 45° on the horizontal plane. When switch S2 B and switch S4 B are in the connected state and switch S1 B and switch S3 BIn the disconnected state (i.e., state 4), the radiation pattern of the antenna rotates clockwise by 45° along the horizontal plane, forming a boundary condition of a one-wavelength mode that rotates clockwise by 45° in the horizontal plane.

[0264] Please refer to Figures 35a - 35c , Figures 35a - 35c which are two-dimensional comparison diagrams of the antenna radiation patterns obtained when the antennas of the embodiments of the present application are respectively tested for simulation effects in state 1 and state 2; among them, Figure 35a is the two-dimensional comparison diagram of the radiation pattern on the XOZ plane, Figure 35b is the two-dimensional comparison diagram of the radiation pattern on the YOZ plane, Figure 35c is the two-dimensional comparison diagram of the radiation pattern on the XOY plane.

[0265] Please refer to Figure 35a and in combination with Figure 34a and Figure 34b , the antenna in state 1 has a stronger radiation intensity in the X-axis direction and a weaker radiation intensity in the Z-axis direction. The antenna in state 2 has a weaker intensity in the X-axis direction and a stronger radiation intensity in the Z-axis direction.

[0266] Please refer to Figure 35b and in combination with Figure 34a and Figure 34b , the antenna in state 1 has a stronger radiation intensity in the Y-axis direction and a weaker radiation intensity in the Z-axis direction, and it is less uniform. The antenna in state 2 has a stronger and more uniform radiation intensity on the YOZ plane.

[0267] Please refer to Figure 35c and in combination with Figure 34a and Figure 34b , the antenna in state 1 has a stronger and more uniform radiation intensity on the XOY plane. The antenna in state 2 has a weaker and less uniform radiation intensity on the X-axis, and a stronger but less uniform radiation intensity on the Y-axis.

[0268] From the above comparative analysis, it can be seen that in this embodiment, the antenna in state 1 can generate a horizontal omnidirectional radiation pattern, and the radiation intensity is relatively uniform, with a concave point on the Z-axis (i.e., a point with very low radiation intensity). The antenna in state 2 can generate a Broadside radiation pattern, and the radiation intensity on the Z-axis is relatively strong. The antenna in state 3 can generate a Broadside radiation pattern, and the radiation intensity generated in the direction of rotating 45° counterclockwise on the Y-axis is the strongest. The antenna in state 4 can generate a Broadside radiation pattern, and the radiation intensity generated in the direction of rotating 45° clockwise on the Y-axis is the strongest. It can be seen that through the switch circuit, the present application can enable the antenna to generate different and complementary radiation patterns in states 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively, thereby improving the spatial coverage ability of the radiation direction of the antenna and laying a foundation for realizing the omnidirectional coverage of the radiation direction of the antenna.

[0269] Please refer to Figures 36a - 36c , Figures 36a - 36c which is the antenna polarization direction vector diagram obtained when the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is tested for simulation effect in state 1, and the spherical coordinate system is used during the simulation effect test.

[0270] Figure 36a is the omnidirectional vector diagram of the antenna polarization direction when in state 1. From Figure 36a it can be seen that the pole is in the Z-axis direction. Figure 36b is the polarization component of the antenna in state 1 in the direction of angle Theta (θ) (the angle θ is on the XOZ plane of the Cartesian coordinate system). Figure 36c is the antenna in state 1 in the angle direction (the angle is on the XOY plane of the Cartesian coordinate system). From Figure 36a and Figure 36c it can be seen that the polarization component of the antenna in state 1 in the direction of angle (or can be understood as on the XOY plane) is basically consistent with the omnidirectional vector of the antenna polarization direction Figure 1 . Therefore, the main component of the far-field electric field of the antenna in state 1 is The polarization component of the antenna is (linear polarization). Since the magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the electric field direction, it can be concluded that: the main component of the far-field magnetic field is H θ . Among them, regarding the angle θ and the angle , reference can be made to the angle description in the previous embodiment state 1 for understanding.

[0271] Please refer to Figures 37a - 37c , Figures 37a - 37cThis is the antenna polarization direction vector diagram obtained when the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is tested for simulation effect in state 2. Among them, the spherical coordinate system is used during the simulation effect test;

[0272] Figure 37a is the omnidirectional vector diagram of the antenna polarization direction when in state 2. From Figure 37a it can be seen that the pole is located in the X-axis direction. Figure 37b is the polarization component of the antenna in state 2 in the direction of angle Theta (θ) (the angle θ is on the XOZ plane of the Cartesian coordinate system), Figure 37c is the antenna in state 2 at an angle direction (angle is on the YOZ plane of the Cartesian coordinate system).

[0273] From Figure 37a and Figure 37c it can be seen that the polarization component of the antenna in state 2 in the direction of angle Theta (θ) is basically consistent with the omnidirectional vector of the antenna polarization direction Figure 1 Therefore, the main component of the far-field electric field of the antenna in state 2 is E θ , and the polarization component of the antenna is E θ (linear polarization). Since the magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the electric field direction, it can be obtained that: the main component of the far-field magnetic field is

[0274] Since the direction of Theta (θ) is the same as the X-axis, the polarization direction of the antenna is Ex linear polarization.

[0275] Among them, regarding the angle θ and the angle can be understood by referring to the angle description in the previous embodiment in state 2.

[0276] Please refer to Figures 38a - 38c , Figures 38a - 38c This is the antenna polarization direction vector diagram obtained when the antenna of the embodiment of the present application is tested for simulation effect in state 3. Among them, the spherical coordinate system is used during the simulation effect test;

[0277] Figure 38a is the omnidirectional vector diagram of the antenna polarization direction when in state 3. From Figure 38a it can be seen that the pole is located in the direction of 45° clockwise rotation of the X-axis. Figure 38b is the polarization component of the antenna in state 3 in the direction of angle Theta (θ) (the angle θ is on the plane obtained by rotating the XOZ plane of the Cartesian coordinate system 45° clockwise around the Z-axis), Figure 38c is the antenna in state 3 at an angle direction (angle is on the YOZ plane of the Cartesian coordinate system).

[0278] From Figure 38a and Figure 38c It can be seen that the polarization component of the antenna in the state 3 in the direction of the angle Theta (θ) is basically the same as the omnidirectional vector of the antenna polarization direction Figure 1 So, the main component of the far - field electric field of the antenna in the state 3 is E θ , and the polarization component of the antenna is E θ (linear polarization). Since the magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the electric field direction, it can be obtained that: the main component of the far - field magnetic field is

[0279] Since the direction of Theta (θ) is the same as the direction obtained by rotating the X - axis clockwise by 45°, the main polarization direction of the antenna is + 45° linear polarization.

[0280] Among them, regarding the angles θ and the angle It can be understood by referring to the angle description in the previous embodiment in the state 2.

[0281] Figure 39a is the omnidirectional vector diagram of the antenna polarization direction in the state 4. From Figure 39a it can be seen that the pole is located in the direction of rotating the X - axis counterclockwise by 45°. Figure 39b is the polarization component of the antenna in the state 4 at the angle Theta (θ) (the angle Theta (θ) is on the plane obtained by rotating the XOZ plane of the Cartesian coordinate system counterclockwise around the Z - axis by 45°), Figure 39c is the polarization component of the antenna in the state 3 in the direction of the angle (the angle is on the YOZ plane of the Cartesian coordinate system).

[0282] From Figure 39a and Figure 39c it can be seen that the polarization component of the antenna in the state 4 in the direction of the angle Theta (θ) is basically the same as the omnidirectional vector of the antenna polarization direction Figure 1 So, the main component of the far - field electric field of the antenna in the state 4 is E θ , and the polarization component of the antenna is E θ (linear polarization). Since the magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the electric field direction, it can be obtained that: the main component of the far - field magnetic field is

[0283] Since the direction of Theta (θ) is the same as the direction of rotating the X - axis counterclockwise by 45°, the main polarization direction of the antenna is - 45° linear polarization.

[0284] Among them, regarding the angles θ and the angle It can be understood by referring to the angle description in the previous embodiment in the state 2.

[0285] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalent technologies, this application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, The antenna includes: A loop radiator, which includes a plurality of radiation units, and there is a gap between the opposite ends of any two adjacent radiation units, where: The plurality of radiation units include a main radiation unit; The main radiation unit is provided with a slit at the middle position, and the slit divides the main radiation unit into a first main radiation unit and a second main radiation unit that are end-to-end and spaced apart; the opposite ends of the first main radiation unit and the second main radiation unit are fed in an anti-symmetric feeding manner; and A switching circuit, which is used to control the electrical connection state of a first pair of radiation units in the plurality of radiation units, the first pair of radiation units includes an adjacent first radiation unit and a second radiation unit, and the gap between the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit is a first gap.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The switching circuit includes a first sub-switching unit, which is connected between the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit of the first pair of radiation units, and the first sub-switching unit has a connected state and a disconnected state, where When the first sub-switching unit is in the connected state, the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit of the first pair of radiation units are electrically connected through the first sub-switching unit; When the first sub-switching unit is in the disconnected state, the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit of the first pair of radiation units are coupled through the first gap.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The operating frequency band of the antenna when the first sub-switching unit is in the disconnected state, and the operating frequency band of the antenna when the first sub-switching unit is in the connected state, include the same frequency band.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein The antenna further includes a first matching device, the first matching device is connected in series with the first sub-switching unit, and the first sub-switching unit and the first matching device are connected between the opposite ends of the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit of the first pair of radiation units.

5. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a first coupling stub corresponding to the first gap; The opposite ends of the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit of the first pair of radiation units are coupled through the first coupling stub.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that The first coupling stub is spaced apart from the loop radiator, and the length of the first coupling stub extending in the circumferential direction of the loop radiator exceeds the length of the first gap extending in the circumferential direction of the loop radiator.

7. The antenna according to claim 5, wherein, The first coupling stub is spaced apart from the loop radiator in the axial direction of the loop radiator, or the first coupling stub is located on the inner circumferential side or the outer circumferential side of the loop radiator and is spaced apart from the loop radiator.

8. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The switching circuit includes a plurality of sub-switching units, the plurality of radiation units include a plurality of pairs of radiation units, each pair of radiation units in the plurality of pairs of radiation units includes two adjacent radiation units, the plurality of sub-switching units correspond to the plurality of pairs of radiation units one by one, and each sub-switching unit in the plurality of sub-switching units is used to control the electrical connection state of two adjacent radiation units in a corresponding pair of radiation units.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The antenna includes a plurality of coupling stubs; the plurality of coupling stubs correspond to the plurality of radiation element pairs one by one. When the corresponding sub-switching unit is in the off state, the opposite ends of two adjacent radiation elements in each radiation element pair are coupled through a corresponding one of the coupling stubs.

10. The antenna according to claim 8, wherein The antenna includes a plurality of matching devices; the plurality of matching devices correspond to the plurality of sub-switching units one by one. Each of the plurality of matching devices is connected in series with a corresponding sub-switching unit, and each matching device and the sub-switching unit in series therewith are connected between two adjacent radiation elements in a corresponding radiation element pair.

11. The antenna according to claim 8, wherein when the plurality of sub-switching units are all in the off state, the loop radiator generates a loop current flowing through each of the plurality of radiation elements; when the plurality of sub-switching units are all in the connected state, the loop radiator generates a first current and a second current, and the flow directions of the first current and the second current are opposite.

12. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The first main radiation element and the second main radiation element are symmetric about the slot.

13. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The loop radiator has a centrosymmetric structure.

14. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The number of the plurality of radiation elements is 3 or 4.

15. An electronic device, characterized in that, including the antenna according to any one of claims 1-14.

16. The electronic device according to claim 15, characterized in that, The electronic device further includes an anti-symmetric feeding network, the anti-symmetric feeding network includes a first RF microstrip line and a second RF microstrip line. Among the opposite ends of the first main radiation element and the second main radiation element, one end is connected to the positive pole of the feed source through the first RF microstrip line, and the other end is connected to the negative pole of the feed source through the second RF microstrip line.

17. The electronic device according to claim 16, wherein The anti-symmetric feeding network further includes an adjustable capacitor, and the adjustable capacitor is connected between the feed source and the main radiation element.

18. The electronic device according to any one of claims 15-17, characterized in that, The electronic device further includes an antenna carrier board, the antenna carrier board has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and the loop radiator is disposed on the first surface of the antenna carrier board; when the antenna further includes a first coupling stub, the first coupling stub is disposed on the first surface or the second surface of the antenna carrier board.

19. The electronic device according to claim 18, wherein, The antenna carrier board is a PCB board or a dielectric board, and the electronic device is a router.

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