Molecular devices based on supramolecular weak interactions and their preparation, use and applications

Abstract

This invention provides a molecular device based on weak supramolecular interactions. The molecular device comprises a substrate electrode, a needle electrode, and a single supramolecular element between the two electrodes. The single supramolecular element consists of two model molecules with interchangeable π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions. The molecular device provided by this invention exhibits stable performance and a high on / off ratio. It requires no external stimuli or the participation of other auxiliary molecules. Reversible switching of the electrical transport mode can be achieved by repeatedly stretching and compressing the needle electrode to change the spacing between the model molecules within the single supramolecular element. The device maintains stable lifetime and on / off state switching even at relatively high oscillation frequencies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fabrication of micro- and nano-electronic devices, specifically to a molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions, its fabrication method, its usage method, and its application in supramolecular electronic devices, information storage materials, and logic circuits. Background Technology

[0002] Nanoscale electronic devices play a vital role in both basic scientific research and the further development of integrated circuits due to their miniaturization and the resulting quantum effects.

[0003] Traditional electronic devices are primarily limited to silicon-based semiconductors, and the number of transistors that can be accommodated on integrated circuits roughly doubles every 18 to 24 months. Due to current limitations in device fabrication scale, the number of transistors cannot increase indefinitely. Based on this, single-molecule devices using individual small organic molecules as the core unit have been developed. However, the realization of various electrical functions in single-molecule devices depends on changes in the charge transport properties of the core group—the small organic molecule; yet, achieving a functional device with a high on / off ratio within a single device remains challenging. Furthermore, even if a high on / off ratio is achieved, the stability of device performance remains a problem. Therefore, fabricating a molecular device with high versatility and excellent, stable switching performance remains a significant challenge.

[0004] In recent years, external stimuli such as light, electricity, and magnetism have been proven to enable effective control of the electrical properties of devices.

[0005] Although remarkable results have been achieved, this method is only applicable to certain molecules with special structures that respond to external stimuli and lacks excellent universality, which seriously hinders the expansion and application of molecular devices in future integrated circuits.

[0006] Compared to altering the structure of molecules themselves, supramolecular weak interactions have been shown to play a crucial role in electron transport, and different weak interactions result in significant differences in electrical properties. These interactions have broad applications in supramolecular device design and fabrication, logic circuits, and information storage.

[0007] Therefore, designing and constructing room-temperature supramolecular switching devices with stable performance, high switching efficiency, and sensitive response is one of the major challenges facing this field.

[0008] The patent specification with publication number CN114597260A discloses a method for constructing an electrically controllable single-molecule switch device based on a graphene junction: by bridging the terminal carboxyl group (-COOH) dangling bond formed by each pair of graphene point electrodes with the amino group (-NH2) end capped molecule in the radical-type molecular bridge through an amidation reaction, the construction of a molecular junction with amide bonds (-CO-NH-) and a radical-type molecular bridge is realized. Furthermore, a gate voltage can be introduced to control the current between the source and drain, thereby achieving switching control.

[0009] Patent specification CN112898582A discloses a method for constructing a supramolecular single-molecule field-effect transistor. Cucurbitaurea is selected as the host molecule, and viologen-like molecules, styrene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, etc., are selected as guest molecules. Research shows that a supramolecular system can be obtained through host-guest interactions. By introducing a gate, a single-molecule field-effect transistor can be successfully realized, achieving switching functionality.

[0010] The patent specification with publication number CN1963524 discloses a molecular switch type microfluidic chip that selectively adsorbs positively or negatively charged macromolecules (ON / OFF) by controlling the chip through an external potential, and realizes the separation of macromolecules by using molecular switch response.

[0011] Gate voltage modulation is a common method for constructing single-molecule switches. However, as the device size is reduced to the nanoscale, on the one hand, this method requires the introduction of a gate, which increases the difficulty of device fabrication; on the other hand, this method greatly reduces the maximum operating voltage of the device and affects the device's performance, lifetime, and stability. Summary of the Invention

[0012] To address the shortcomings in this field, the present invention provides a molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions, its preparation method, its usage method, and its application in supramolecular electronic devices, information storage materials, and logic circuits, such as as a molecular switch.

[0013] This invention provides a novel molecular device based on weak supramolecular interactions, utilizing the weak interactions of a single supramolecular junction to construct the device. This supramolecular junction possesses an electrode / molecule / electrode structure. The molecular device exhibits stable performance and a high on / off ratio. The differences in electrical properties resulting from different weak interactions are significant, manifesting as a two-order-of-magnitude difference in conductivity in this invention. Furthermore, the molecular device requires no external stimuli or the participation of other auxiliary molecules. Reversible switching of the electrical transport mode can be achieved by repeatedly stretching and compressing needle-shaped electrodes to change the spacing of model molecules within a single supramolecular junction. Simultaneously, it maintains good device lifetime and stable switching of on / off states even at relatively high oscillation frequencies.

[0014] This invention provides a molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions.

[0015] A molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions, wherein the molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions comprises a substrate electrode, a needle electrode, and a single supramolecular element between the two electrodes;

[0016] The single supramolecular SMeXPy-SMeXPy is composed of two vertically oriented model molecules SMeXPy, and there are interchangeable π–π stacking and hydrogen bond interactions between the two model molecules.

[0017] The model molecule SMeXPy has an X-substituted pyridine at one end and a thiomethyl group at the other end, and its structural formula is one of formulas 1 to 3:

[0018]

[0019] Where n is an integer from 0 to 3, and X represents one of –OH, –NHCH3, –F, –P, –Br.

[0020] The molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions provided by this invention has the following characteristics: Figure 1 The device structure is shown. In the molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions, the single supramolecular SMeXPy-SMeXPy is the core functional structure in the supramolecular junction, consisting of two vertically oriented model molecules SMeXPy. Due to the presence of conjugated rings, the two model molecules tend to exist in a π–π stacking form, and because the monomer has dipoles, the interaction between dipoles strengthens the π–π stacking. Furthermore, hydrogen bonding interactions dominated by dispersion forces can form between the pyridine end groups in the SMeXPy molecule.

[0021] In the aforementioned molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions, the model molecule can be extended to molecular systems with different monomer lengths, meaning that the molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions provided by this invention has excellent universality.

[0022] In the aforementioned molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions, the substrate electrode is one of Au, Ag, and Pt.

[0023] In the aforementioned molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions, the needle-shaped electrode is one of Au, Ag, and Pt.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, both the base electrode and the needle electrode are Au. This is because Au is stable in air and not easily oxidized, exhibits excellent flow properties at high temperatures, facilitates the ablation of the needle electrode, and can form stable Au–S bonds with -SCH3.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, when the material of the base electrode is Au, a Cr layer with a thickness of 5 nm is deposited on the surface of the ultra-flat silicon wafer by thermal evaporation. Cr serves as an adhesion layer to prevent the subsequently deposited Au layer from falling off the silicon substrate surface. Then, an Au layer with a thickness of 100 nm is deposited on the surface of the Cr layer to obtain the base electrode.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, when the needle electrode is Au, a gold wire with a diameter of 0.25 mm is heated to form a gold ball with a diameter of 0.5 mm, thereby obtaining the needle electrode.

[0027] The present invention also provides a method for fabricating the aforementioned molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions.

[0028] A method for fabricating a molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions, the method comprising: at room temperature, mounting the substrate electrode and the needle electrode in a scanning tunneling junction device and controlling the movement precision of the needle electrode; subsequently dissolving the model molecule in a nonpolar organic solvent to obtain a solution containing the model molecule; adding 1-2 drops of the solution to the substrate electrode; repeatedly changing the distance between the needle electrode and the substrate electrode; anchoring two SMeXPy molecules to the two electrodes by forming chemical bonds with their terminal –SCH3 groups; and having interchangeable π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions between the two model molecules, thereby forming a molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions and having a sandwich configuration of electrode / SMeXPy-SMeXPy / electrode.

[0029] This invention also provides a more specific method for fabricating the aforementioned molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions. The method includes: at room temperature, mounting the substrate electrode and the needle electrode in a scanning tunneling junction device; then driving the needle electrode closer and closer to the substrate; when the needle tip is sufficiently close to the substrate, activating the coordinated movement mode of the scanning tunneling junction device electrode and the piezoelectric ceramic (connected to the needle electrode) to ensure the movement accuracy of the needle electrode is stably maintained at the nm level; subsequently, dissolving the model molecule in a nonpolar organic solvent to obtain a solution containing the model molecule; adding 1-2 drops of the solution to the substrate electrode; repeatedly changing the distance between the needle electrode and the substrate electrode; the two SMeXPy molecules are anchored to the two electrodes by forming chemical bonds with their terminal –SCH3 groups, respectively; and there are switchable π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions between the two model molecules, thereby forming a molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions and possessing a sandwich configuration of electrode / SMeXPy-SMeXPy / electrode.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the substrate electrode and the needle electrode are made of Au. In the molecular device, the two model molecules are anchored to the two Au electrodes via Au-S bonds, forming a molecular device with an Au / SMeXPy-SMeXPy / Au sandwich structure. A single supramolecular SMeXPy-SMeXPy molecule is connected between the two electrodes, realizing the construction of a closed-loop molecular device.

[0031] Preferably, the organic solvent is one of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, mesitylene, and decane; more preferably, the organic solvent is 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. On the one hand, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene can better dissolve SMeXPy molecules; on the other hand, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene has a very high boiling point, which can largely avoid solvent evaporation problems during testing. Furthermore, this solvent will not cause signal interference to electrical tests.

[0032] Preferably, the molecular concentration of the solution is 0.05-0.2 mM. Within this range, on the one hand, excessively high molecular concentrations can prevent molecules from agglomerating at the needle tip, making it difficult to capture single-molecule signals; on the other hand, it ensures the success rate of molecules being connected to the electrode gap, avoiding the problem of insufficient molecular signal capture due to excessively low concentrations. More preferably, the molecular concentration of the solution is 0.2 mM.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the organic solvent is 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, the molecular concentration of the solution is 0.2 mM, and the corresponding high conductivity and low conductivity are 10 Ω·cm and 10 Ω·cm, respectively. –2.75 log(G / G0) and 10 –5.25 log(G / G0), the on / off ratio reaches two orders of magnitude.

[0034] The present invention also provides a method for using the aforementioned molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions.

[0035] A method of using the aforementioned molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions, wherein the method specifically involves changing the distance between the needle electrode and the substrate electrode, thereby changing the spacing between the two model molecules and switching between π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions between the two model molecules;

[0036] When the spacing is short, the intermolecular forces are π–π stacking, and the molecular device is in the "on" state, i.e., a high conductivity state; when the spacing is long, the intermolecular forces are hydrogen bonds, and the molecular device is in the "off" state, i.e., a low conductivity state.

[0037] The schematic diagram of the structure of the molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions during the oscillating motion of the needle-shaped electrode under stretching and compression is shown below. Figure 2 As shown.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, a square wave voltage is applied to the needle-shaped electrode, causing it to oscillate vertically at a specific frequency, thereby controlling the switching of the molecular device's on / off state. More preferably, the voltage of the square wave is 0.025V, and the oscillation frequency is 20–200Hz. The distance that the piezoelectric ceramic connected to the needle-shaped electrode can be moved under this oscillation voltage is… This distance corresponds precisely to the difference between the length of the π–π stacked supramolecular junction and the length of the hydrogen-bonded supramolecular junction. At this oscillation frequency, the device can operate at a relatively high frequency while maintaining excellent on / off ratio performance. However, at excessively high frequencies, the increased severity of mechanical disturbances can lead to a decrease in the device's switching performance, even if an on / off ratio of two orders of magnitude is still maintained. More preferably, the oscillation frequency is 110 Hz.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the organic solvent is 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, the molecular concentration of the solution is 0.2 mM, a square wave voltage is applied to the needle electrode, causing the needle electrode to oscillate vertically at a specific frequency, and the amplitude of the applied square wave voltage is 0.025 V (corresponding to an oscillation distance of approximately...). The applied mechanical oscillation frequency is 110Hz, and the switching ratio reaches 336.

[0040] The above-described preferred embodiments, in which a square wave voltage is applied to the needle-shaped electrode to cause the needle-shaped electrode to oscillate in the vertical direction at a specific frequency, demonstrate that the present invention can construct a stable molecular switch based on supramolecular weak interactions. Furthermore, it confirms that the device provided by the present invention, based on supramolecular weak interactions, can still maintain stable and excellent working performance at different oscillation frequencies.

[0041] This invention also provides the application of the aforementioned molecular devices based on supramolecular weak interactions in supramolecular electronic devices, information storage materials, and logic circuits.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the main advantages of this invention are at least as follows:

[0043] 1) The molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions provided by this invention has stable performance and high on / off ratio.

[0044] 2) The molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions provided by this invention does not need to operate under harsh experimental conditions; it can achieve stable properties and excellent performance at room temperature and pressure.

[0045] 3) The molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions provided by this invention can operate at different mechanical oscillation frequencies, and the lifetime and stability of the device can be well maintained at higher oscillation frequencies.

[0046] 4) The molecular devices based on supramolecular weak interactions provided by this invention have good application prospects in supramolecular electronic devices, information storage materials and logic circuits.

[0047] 5) This invention is the first to utilize the weak interactions of a single supramolecular junction to achieve high-frequency, high-on / off ratio switching. Unlike external stimuli such as light, electricity, and magnetism that alter the charge transport properties of small organic molecules, supramolecular weak interactions do not require external stimulation and can reversibly achieve switching of electrical transport modes within the same molecular system. Furthermore, the differences in electrical properties resulting from different weak interactions are significant, manifested in this invention as a two-order-of-magnitude difference in conductivity.

[0048] 6) Compared with single-molecule switches constructed by gate voltage regulation, the present invention does not require the use of electrolytes, so there is no need to consider the lifespan and type of electrolytes, and the third electrode is eliminated, simplifying the fabrication process for application in logic circuits. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions.

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions during the oscillating motion of the needle-shaped electrode under stretching and compression.

[0051] Figure 3 This refers to the molecular electrical information of the molecular device described in Example 1 at different needle electrode-substrate electrode distances;

[0052] Figure 4 The image shows a two-dimensional oscillation pattern of the molecular device described in Example 2, measured at an oscillation frequency of 110 Hz.

[0053] Figure 5 The diagram shows the high and low conductivity distribution and the on / off distribution of the molecular device described in Example 3 at different mechanical oscillation frequencies. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Operating methods not specifically specified in the following embodiments are generally performed under conventional conditions or as recommended by the manufacturer.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] The electrical characterization results of the molecular device in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 3As shown, the model molecule used is the one in Formula 1, where n = 1 and X represents H. The specific process includes the following steps: SMeXPy is dissolved in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to prepare a 0.2 mM solution. A commercially available 0.25 mm diameter gold wire is heat-treated with a torch to form a gold sphere approximately 0.5 mm in diameter; this sphere serves as the top electrode for constructing the molecular junction. A 5 nm thick Cr and a 100 mm thick Au electrode are thermally deposited onto the surface of an ultra-flat silicon wafer to serve as the base electrode for constructing the molecular junction. Before performing conductivity characterization of the SMeXPy-SMeXPy supramolecular structure, the electron tunneling conductivity is first tested in pure 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to ensure the purity of the testing environment. Then, 1-2 drops of a 0.2 mM SMeXPy molecular solution are added to the substrate. Through repeated stretching and compression of the needle tip, the supramolecular structure is transformed from short-distance π–π stacking to longer hydrogen bond interactions, thereby altering the probability of electron transport on the molecular junction. Figure 3 As shown, when the distance between the needle tip and the substrate is 1.1–1.2 nm (this distance is the step length statistically shown in the figure plus the gold-gold atom retraction distance; the sum of the two represents the length of the molecule in the electrode gap), the conductivity of the molecular junction in the form of π–π stacking interaction is approximately 10. –2.75 log(G / G0), and as the needle tip continues to pull the molecule, the distance between the needle tip and the base electrode continuously increases. The pyridine groups of the two monomer molecules are more likely to form CH···N hydrogen bonds dominated by dispersion forces. The molecular conductivity corresponding to this type is approximately 10. –5.25 log(G / G0) corresponds to a distance of approximately 2.0 nm between the tip and the substrate, which is two orders of magnitude different, indicating excellent switching performance of the device.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] In this embodiment, a square voltage wave is applied to the needle-shaped electrode of the molecular device, causing the needle-shaped electrode to oscillate in the vertical direction at a specific frequency.

[0059] The electrical characterization results of the room-temperature supramolecular switch device in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 4As shown, the specific process includes the following: The model molecule is the same as in Example 1, using the molecule in Formula 1, where n = 1 and X represents H. SMeXPy is dissolved in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to prepare a 0.2 mM solution. A commercially available 0.25 mm diameter gold wire is heat-treated with a torch to form a gold sphere with a diameter of approximately 0.5 mm, which serves as the top electrode for constructing the molecular junction. A 5 nm thick Cr and a 100 mm thick Au electrode are thermally deposited on the surface of an ultra-flat silicon wafer to serve as the base electrode for constructing the molecular junction. Before performing conductivity characterization of the SMeXPy-SMeXPy molecule, the electron tunneling conductivity is first tested in pure solvent 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to ensure the purity of the test environment. Then, 1-2 drops of a 0.1 mM SMeXPy molecular solution are added to the substrate. We measured and characterized the weak interactions and electrical properties of the constructed supramolecular junctions by stretching and compressing the distance between the needle tip and the substrate at a certain frequency. In this experiment, the size of the nanogap was adjusted by applying a square wave with an amplitude of 0.025V to the piezoelectric ceramic, thereby realizing the transformation of π–π stacked dimers into hydrogen-bonded complexes within the nanogap. Similarly, when supramolecular bridges are formed within the nanogap, the interaction can also be adjusted at an amplitude of 0.025V (corresponding to a stretching distance of...). Under a square wave voltage, mechanical compression is applied to form π–π stacked dimers. By repeatedly performing the above mechanical compression and stretching, a product such as... can be obtained. Figure 4 The oscillating two-dimensional conductivity statistics plot shown clearly shows the switching phenomenon of SMeXPy-SMeXPy at an oscillation frequency of 110 Hz. The observed supramolecular junction can stably cycle from high conductivity to low conductivity, and the switching ratio is about two orders of magnitude different.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] Molecular device stability at different mechanical oscillation frequencies:

[0062] The electrical characterization results of the room-temperature supramolecular switch device in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 5As shown, the specific process includes the following: The model molecule is the same as in Example 1, using the molecule in Formula 1, where n = 1 and X represents H. SMeXPy is dissolved in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to prepare a 0.2 mM solution. A commercially available 0.25 mm diameter gold wire is heat-treated to form a gold sphere with a diameter of approximately 0.5 mm, which serves as the top electrode for constructing the molecular junction. A 5 nm thick Cr and a 100 mm thick Au electrode are thermally deposited on the surface of an ultra-flat silicon wafer to serve as the base electrode for constructing the molecular junction. Before performing conductivity characterization of the SMeXPy-SMeXPy molecule, the electron tunneling conductivity is first tested in pure solvent 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene to ensure the purity of the test environment. Then, 1-2 drops of a 0.2 mM SMeXPy molecular solution are added to the substrate. We summarize the on / off ratio of the molecule at different oscillation frequencies, such as... Figure 5 As shown, it can be clearly seen that when the frequency is less than 100Hz, the difference between high and low conductivity is always two orders of magnitude, and the on / off ratio remains basically constant. However, as the frequency increases, the switching efficiency shows a slight downward trend, which may be due to the insufficient response of the molecular device under high-frequency oscillation, but it still remains at an on / off ratio of two orders of magnitude.

[0063] Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the above description of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions, characterized in that, The aforementioned molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions consists of a substrate electrode, a needle electrode, and a single supramolecular element between the two electrodes. The single supramolecular SMeXPy-SMeXPy is composed of two vertically oriented model molecules SMeXPy, and there are interchangeable π–π stacking and hydrogen bond interactions between the two model molecules. The model molecule SMeXPy has an X-substituted pyridine at one end and a thiomethyl group at the other end, and its structural formula is one of formulas 1 to 3: Where n is an integer from 0 to 3, and X represents one of –OH, –NHCH3, –F, –P, –Br.

2. The molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base electrode is one of Au, Ag, and Pt; the needle electrode is one of Au, Ag, and Pt.

3. The molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate electrode is made of Au. A 5 nm thick Cr layer is deposited on the surface of the ultra-flat silicon wafer as an adhesion layer using a thermal evaporation method. Then, a 100 nm thick Au layer is deposited on the surface of the Cr layer to obtain the substrate electrode. The needle-shaped electrode is made of Au. A gold wire with a diameter of 0.25 mm is heated and shaped into a gold ball with a diameter of 0.5 mm to obtain the needle-shaped electrode.

4. The method for fabricating molecular devices based on supramolecular weak interactions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method includes: under room temperature conditions, installing the substrate electrode and the needle electrode in a scanning tunneling junction device and controlling the movement accuracy of the needle electrode; then dissolving the model molecule in a nonpolar organic solvent to obtain a solution containing the model molecule; adding 1-2 drops of the solution to the substrate electrode; repeatedly changing the distance between the needle electrode and the substrate electrode; and anchoring the two SMeXPy molecules to the two electrodes by forming chemical bonds with the terminal –SCH3 of the two electrodes respectively. There are interchangeable π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions between the two model molecules, thereby forming a molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions and having a sandwich configuration of electrode / SMeXPy-SMeXPy / electrode.

5. The method for fabricating molecular devices based on supramolecular weak interactions according to claim 4, characterized in that, The organic solvent is one of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, mesitylene, and decane.

6. The method for fabricating molecular devices based on supramolecular weak interactions according to claim 4, characterized in that, The molecular concentration of the solution is 0.05-2 mM.

7. The method of using the molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of use specifically involves changing the distance between the needle electrode and the base electrode, thereby changing the spacing between the two model molecules and switching between π–π stacking and hydrogen bond interactions between the two model molecules. When the spacing is short, the intermolecular forces are π–π stacking, and the molecular device is in the "on" state, i.e., a high conductivity state; when the spacing is long, the intermolecular forces are hydrogen bonds, and the molecular device is in the "off" state, i.e., a low conductivity state.

8. The method of using the molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions according to claim 7, characterized in that, A square wave voltage is applied to the needle-shaped electrode, causing the needle-shaped electrode to oscillate in the vertical direction at a frequency of 20~200 Hz, thereby controlling the switching of the molecular device's on / off state.

9. The method of using the molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions according to claim 8, characterized in that, The voltage of the square wave is 0.025 V.

10. The application of the molecular device based on supramolecular weak interactions as described in claim 1 in supramolecular electronic devices, information storage materials, and logic circuits.

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