Cutting insert, cutting tool, and method of manufacturing a workpiece
By designing polygonal cutting inserts and using concave and convex structures to isolate the constraint surface from contact with the workpiece, the problem of insufficient constraint stability and durability in existing technologies is solved, achieving high-precision and high-efficiency cutting.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- KYOCERA CORP
- Filing Date
- 2021-05-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
AI Technical Summary
The plane connecting the primary and secondary cutting edges of existing cutting inserts is prone to contact with the workpiece, resulting in reduced constraint stability and affecting the durability and machining accuracy of the cutting inserts.
A polygonal cutting insert was designed with a polygonal upper and lower surface, and recesses and protrusions on the side. The recesses have flat constraint surfaces to prevent the main cutting edge from directly contacting the workpiece, thereby enhancing constraint stability. It is also fixed to the tool holder through a through hole to improve durability.
It improves the constraint stability and durability of the cutting inserts, ensures machining accuracy and cutting performance, and extends the service life of the inserts.
Smart Images
Figure CN115697605B_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] Cross-reference of related applications
[0002] This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-095460, filed on June 1, 2020, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field
[0003] This disclosure relates to cutting inserts, cutting tools, and methods for manufacturing workpieces generally used in the cutting of workpieces. More specifically, it relates to cutting tools used in rotary cutting processes. Background Technology
[0004] As cutting inserts used in machining workpieces such as metals, for example, the cutting insert for a cutting tool described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-523352 (Patent Document 1) is known. The cutting insert described in Patent Document 1 has a main cutting edge and a secondary cutting edge located on two end faces (an upper surface and a lower surface), respectively. Furthermore, a circumferential surface is disposed between the upper and lower surfaces, which are the two end faces. The circumferential surface has a plane connecting to the main cutting edge on the upper surface and the secondary cutting edge on the lower surface, and other planes connecting to the secondary cutting edge on the upper surface and the main cutting edge on the lower surface. These planes are inclined relative to the central axis, thereby improving the durability of the main cutting edge.
[0005] In the cutting tool described in Patent Document 1, the aforementioned two planes can be used as contact surfaces that abut against the tool holder. However, in Patent Document 1, these two planes are connected to the main cutting edge and the secondary cutting edge, thus the two planes come into contact with the workpiece and may be damaged. As a result, the constraint stability of the cutting insert may be reduced. Summary of the Invention
[0006] A cutting insert based on an undefined aspect of this disclosure has: a polygonal upper surface having a first upper corner, a first upper side extending from the first upper corner, and a second upper side extending from the first upper corner; a polygonal lower surface having a first lower corner located below the first upper corner, a first lower side located below the second upper side and extending from the first lower corner, and a second lower side located below the first upper side and extending from the first lower corner; a side surface located between the upper surface and the lower surface; an upper cutting edge located at the junction of the upper surface and the side surface; and a lower cutting edge located at the junction of the lower surface and the side surface. The side surface has: a first side surface connected to the first upper side and the second lower side; a second side surface connected to the second upper side and the first lower side; and a third side surface located between the first side surface and the second side surface. An imaginary straight line passing through the center of the upper surface and the center of the lower surface serves as the central axis. The first side surface has a first recess with a flat first constraint surface. The second side surface has a second recess with a flat second constraint surface. The third side has a convex portion that is convex in cross-section along the central axis. The first recess is separated from the second recess by the convex portion. Attached Figure Description
[0007] Figure 1 This is a perspective view showing a cutting insert of an undefined aspect of this disclosure.
[0008] Figure 2 It is an observation from above. Figure 1 The top view of the cutting blade shown.
[0009] Figure 3 It is an observation from above. Figure 1 The top view of the cutting blade shown.
[0010] Figure 4 It is looking up. Figure 1 The top view of the cutting blade shown.
[0011] Figure 5 Observed from direction A1 Figure 2 The side view of the cutting blade shown.
[0012] Figure 6 Observed from the A2 direction Figure 2 The side view of the cutting blade shown.
[0013] Figure 7 Observed from the A2 direction Figure 2 The side view of the cutting blade shown.
[0014] Figure 8 yes Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of section VIII-VIII shown.
[0015] Figure 9 yes Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of section IX-IX shown.
[0016] Figure 10 yes Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of section XX shown.
[0017] Figure 11 yes Figure 3 The XI-XI section shown is a cross-sectional view.
[0018] Figure 12 yes Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of section XII-XII shown.
[0019] Figure 13 yes Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of section XIII-XIII shown.
[0020] Figure 14 yes Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of section XIV-XIV shown.
[0021] Figure 15 yes Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of section XV-XV shown.
[0022] Figure 16 yes Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of section XVI-XVI is shown.
[0023] Figure 17 This is a perspective view showing a cutting tool of an undefined aspect of this disclosure.
[0024] Figure 18 yes Figure 17 The side view of the cutting tool shown.
[0025] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram illustrating one step in a method for manufacturing a machined object according to an undefined aspect of this disclosure.
[0026] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram illustrating one step in a method for manufacturing a machined object according to an undefined aspect of this disclosure.
[0027] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram illustrating one step in a method for manufacturing a machined object according to an undefined aspect of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation
[0028] <Cutting inserts>
[0029] Hereinafter, a cutting insert 1 (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "insert 1") of an undefined aspect of this disclosure will be described in detail using the accompanying drawings. However, in the figures referred to below, only the main components required for the description of the embodiments are simplified for ease of explanation. Therefore, the insert 1 can include any constituent components not shown in the figures. In addition, the dimensions of the components in the figures do not accurately represent the actual dimensions of the constituent components or the dimensional ratios of each component. It should be noted that, for ease of visual understanding, therefore... Figure 7 In the diagram, a diagonal line is used to mark a specific area in blade 1.
[0030] like Figures 1 to 16 As shown in the undefined example, the cutting tool 1 may have an upper surface 3, a lower surface 5, a side surface 7, an upper cutting edge 9, and a lower cutting edge 11. It should be noted that the terms upper surface 3 and lower surface 5 are used for convenience and do not indicate any upward or downward directionality. For example, the upper surface 3 does not necessarily face upwards when the cutting tool 1 is being used. The same applies to other parts that include the terms "upper" and "lower".
[0031] The upper surface 3 can be polygonal. Additionally, the lower surface 5 can be located on the opposite side of the upper surface 3. The lower surface 5 can also be polygonal, just like the upper surface 3. Furthermore, the blade 1 can be a polygonal plate shape.
[0032] Examples of polygonal shapes include triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, hexagons, and octagons. It should be noted that the polygonal shape does not need to be strictly polygonal. For example, the edges of the upper surface 3 may not be strictly straight lines; they may be slightly curved when viewed from above. Furthermore, the angles between adjacent edges of the upper surface 3 may not be strictly angles. In other words, the angles of the upper surface 3 may not be strictly angles. When viewed from above, the angles can be convex curves, or they can be shapes combining straight lines and curves. The same applies to the lower surface 5.
[0033] An imaginary straight line passing through the center of the upper surface 3 and the center of the lower surface 5 can be the central axis O1 of the blade 1. If the upper surface 3 is polygonal, the center can be the intersection of straight lines connecting opposite corners of the upper surface 3. The starting point of the diagonal can be the intersection of the extensions of the sides constituting the polygon. Alternatively, the center of the upper surface 3 can be the centroid of the upper surface 3 when viewed from above. The center of the lower surface 5 can be defined in the same way as the center of the upper surface 3.
[0034] When viewed from above, the upper surface 3 is rotationally symmetrical about the central axis O1 by 180°. Similarly, when viewed from the front (looking down) at the lower surface 5, the lower surface 5 is rotationally symmetrical about the central axis O1 by 180°.
[0035] The upper surface 3 may have multiple corners, including a first upper corner 13. Additionally, the upper surface 3 may have multiple edges, including a first upper edge 15 and a second upper edge 17. That is, the upper surface 3 may have a first upper corner 13, a first upper edge 15, and a second upper edge 17.
[0036] The first upper corner 13 can be an obtuse angle. In this case, the first upper corner 13 is less likely to be damaged. In addition, when viewed from above, the first upper corner 13 can be located at the position furthest from the central axis O1 among the multiple corners of the upper surface 3.
[0037] The first top edge 15 and the second top edge 17 can each extend from the first top corner 13. The length of the first top edge 15 can be the same as the length of the second top edge 17, or it can be different from the length of the second top edge 17. For example, as... Figure 1 As shown in the undefined example, the length of the first upper part 15 can be longer than the length of the second upper part 17.
[0038] The lower surface 5 may have multiple corners, including a first lower corner 19. Additionally, the lower surface 5 may have multiple edges, including a first lower edge 21 and a second lower edge 23. That is, the lower surface 5 may have a first lower corner 19, a first lower edge 21, and a second lower edge 23.
[0039] The lower corner 19 can be located below the upper corner 13. When the upper corner 13 and the lower corner 19 are respectively indicated by dots, the lower corner 19 can be determined to be below the upper corner 13 if the upper corner 13 and the lower corner 19 satisfy the following condition: That is, when observing the side 7 from the main view (side view), if the angle between the imaginary line connecting the upper corner 13 and the lower corner 19 and the central axis O1 is 10° or less, the lower corner 19 can be determined to be below the upper corner 13.
[0040] Furthermore, if the angle is a convex curve or a shape obtained by combining straight lines and curves, and the first upper angle 13 and the first lower angle 19 are not represented by points but by lines, then the first lower angle 19 can be determined to be below the first upper angle 13 if the first upper angle 13 and the first lower angle 19 satisfy the following conditions.
[0041] That is, when viewed from the side, if at least a portion of the first upper corner 13 and at least a portion of the first lower corner 19 coincide along the direction of the central axis O1, it can be determined that the first lower corner 19 is located below the first upper corner 13. In other words, when viewed from the side, if the first upper corner 13 is stretched towards the lower surface 5 along the direction of the central axis O1 and intersects or coincides with the first lower corner 19, it can be determined that the first lower corner 19 is located below the first upper corner 13.
[0042] The first lower corner 19 can be an obtuse angle. In this case, the first lower corner 19 is less likely to be damaged. In addition, when viewed from below, the first lower corner 19 can be located at the position furthest from the central axis O1 among the multiple corners of the lower surface 5.
[0043] The first bottom edge 21 and the second bottom edge 23 can each extend from the first bottom corner 19. The length of the first bottom edge 21 can be the same as the length of the second bottom edge 23, or it can be different from the length of the second bottom edge 23. For example, ... Figure 1 As shown in the undefined example, the length of the first bottom edge 21 can be longer than the length of the second bottom edge 23.
[0044] The first bottom edge 21 can be located below the second top edge 17. Additionally, the second bottom edge 23 can be located below the first top edge 15. The phrase "located below" the top edges (second top edge 17 and first top edge 15) as used above can mean, for example, as... Figure 6 As shown in the undefined example, when viewed from the side, the object intersects with the lower part of the object as the upper part is stretched towards the lower surface 5 along the central axis O1. Additionally, "located below" could mean, as... Figures 8 to 16 As shown in the undefined example, the lower object portion appears in a cross section parallel to the central axis O1 and intersecting the upper edge.
[0045] The blade 1 is not limited to a specific size. For example, the maximum amplitude when viewing the upper surface 3 from above can be set to approximately 6 to 25 mm. Furthermore, the height from the upper surface 3 to the lower surface 5 can be set to approximately 1 to 10 mm. The height from the upper surface 3 to the lower surface 5 can refer to the maximum value of the distance between the upper surface 3 and the lower surface 5 in the direction parallel to the central axis O1. In other words, the height from the upper surface 3 to the lower surface 5 can also be expressed as the width of the side surface 7 along the direction of the central axis O1.
[0046] Side 7 can be located between the upper surface 3 and the lower surface 5. For example... Figure 5 As shown in the undefined example, side 7 can be connected to the upper surface 3 and the lower surface 5.
[0047] The upper cutting edge 9 can be located at the intersection of the upper surface 3 and the side surface 7. The upper cutting edge 9 can be used to cut the workpiece when using the insert 1 to manufacture the workpiece.
[0048] The upper cutting edge 9 may be located entirely within the aforementioned intersecting area, or it may be located only within a portion of the intersecting area. In top or side views, the upper cutting edge 9 may be a straight line or a curved line. Furthermore, in top or side views, the upper cutting edge 9 may also be a shape combining straight lines and curves.
[0049] When the insert 1 has an upper cutting edge 9, one of the upper surface 3 and the side surface 7 may have a rake face region, and the other of the upper surface 3 and the side surface 7 may have a flank face region. For example... Figure 1 As shown in the undefined example, the upper surface 3 may have a rake face region and the side surface 7 may have a flank face region.
[0050] The lower cutting edge 11 can be located at the intersection of the lower surface 5 and the side surface 7. The lower cutting edge 11, like the upper cutting edge 9, can be used to cut the workpiece when using the insert 1 to manufacture the workpiece.
[0051] The lower cutting edge 11 can be located entirely within the aforementioned intersecting area, or it can be located only within a portion of the intersecting area. When viewed from below or from the side, the lower cutting edge 11 can be a straight line or a curved line. Furthermore, when viewed from below or from the side, the lower cutting edge 11 can also be a shape combining a straight line and a curve. It should be noted that when the insert 1 has both an upper cutting edge 9 and a lower cutting edge 11, the insert 1 can be a double-sided device.
[0052] Here, as Figure 1 as well as Figure 6 As shown in the undefined example, side 7 may have a first side 25, a second side 27, and a third side 29. The first side 25 may be connected to the first upper side 15 and the second lower side 23. The second side 27 may be connected to the second upper side 17 and the first lower side 21. The third side 29 may be located between the first side 25 and the second side 27.
[0053] like Figure 7 As shown in the undefined example, the first side surface 25 may have a first recess 31. The first recess 31 may have a flat first constraint surface 33. Additionally, the second side surface 27 may have a second recess 35. The second recess 35 may have a flat second constraint surface 37.
[0054] The term "constraint surface" as used above can refer to the surface that can be constrained by the tool holder when the insert 1 is mounted on the tool holder. That is, the first constraint surface 33 and the second constraint surface 37 are not limited to the surfaces constrained by the tool holder when the upper cutting edge 9 is used.
[0055] The first constraint surface 33 and the second constraint surface 37 do not need to be strictly flat. The first constraint surface 33 and the second constraint surface 37 only need to be generally flat, and can be slightly curved to a degree that is indistinguishable when the blade 1 is viewed as a whole, or can have minute irregularities. For example, the first constraint surface 33 and the second constraint surface 37 can have minute irregularities of about tens of μm. The same applies to other flat surfaces.
[0056] When the first side surface 25 has a first recess 31 with a first constraint surface 33, the first constraint surface 33 is located within the first recess 31, so the first constraint surface 33 is less likely to come into contact with the workpiece during cutting. Similarly, when the second side surface 27 has a second recess 35 with a second constraint surface 37, the second constraint surface 37 is located within the second recess 35, so the second constraint surface 37 is less likely to come into contact with the workpiece during cutting. Therefore, damage and deterioration of the first constraint surface 33 and the second constraint surface 37 can be easily avoided, and the constraint stability of the insert 1 is high.
[0057] The first recess 31 can be separated from the first upper edge 15, and also from the second lower edge 23. The second recess 35 can be separated from the second upper edge 17, and also from the first lower edge 21.
[0058] The third side 29 may have a protrusion 39. For example... Figure 16 As in the undefined example shown, the protrusion 39 may be convex in cross-section along the central axis O1. The first recess 31 and the second recess 35 may be separated from each other by the protrusion 39.
[0059] In structures where the first recess 31 and the second recess 35 are connected, the side surface 7 has a large recess, which may reduce the durability of the cutting edge. The protrusion 39 can function like a beam. Therefore, when the first recess 31 and the second recess 35 are separated by the protrusion 39, the durability of the insert 1 is less likely to decrease due to the presence of the protrusion 39.
[0060] like Figure 11 as well as Figure 15 As in the undefined example shown, the imaginary plane orthogonal to the central axis O1 and located between the upper surface 3 and the lower surface 5 can be the reference plane S1. It should be noted that when evaluating the positional relationship with the central axis O1, the imaginary straight line O1a parallel to the central axis O1 can be used as the reference.
[0061] The first constraint surface 33 and the second constraint surface 37 can intersect with the reference surface S1. In this case, it is easy to avoid the first constraint surface 33 and the second constraint surface 37 being located on either the upper surface 3 or the lower surface 5, and the constraint stability of the blade 1 is high.
[0062] like Figure 2 As shown in the undefined example, the upper cutting edge 9 may have an upper primary cutting edge 41 and an upper secondary cutting edge 43. The upper primary cutting edge 41 may be located on a first upper edge 15. The upper secondary cutting edge 43 may be located on a second upper edge 17. The upper primary cutting edge 41 can be used as a so-called primary cutting edge when manufacturing a workpiece using the upper cutting edge 9, serving as the main machining workpiece. The upper secondary cutting edge 43 can be used as a ramp cutting edge when performing ramp cutting using the upper cutting edge 9. The upper secondary cutting edge 43 can also be used as a so-called finishing edge to improve the accuracy of the finished surface of the workpiece.
[0063] like Figure 11 As shown in the undefined example, the first constraint surface 33 can move away from the central axis O1 as it approaches the second lower edge 23. Sometimes a relatively large cutting load is applied to the main cutting edge compared to the secondary cutting edge. When the first constraint surface 33 moves away from the central axis O1 as it approaches the second lower edge 23, it is easy to ensure the wall thickness of the insert 1 directly below the upper main cutting edge 41, which can function as the main cutting edge. Therefore, the insert 1 has high durability.
[0064] The length of the upper primary cutting edge 41 can be longer than the length of the upper secondary cutting edge 43. The upper primary cutting edge 41 can be located entirely on the first upper edge 15, or it can be located only on a portion of the first upper edge 15. The upper secondary cutting edge 43 can be located entirely on the second upper edge 17, or it can be located only on a portion of the second upper edge 17. These points also apply to the lower primary cutting edge 45 and the lower secondary cutting edge 47 described below.
[0065] like Figure 4 As shown in the undefined example, the lower cutting edge 11 may have a lower primary cutting edge 45 and a lower secondary cutting edge 47. The lower primary cutting edge 45 may be located at a first lower edge 21. The lower secondary cutting edge 47 may be located at a second lower edge 23. The lower primary cutting edge 45 can be used as a so-called primary cutting edge for primarily machining the workpiece when using the lower cutting edge 11 to manufacture the workpiece. The lower secondary cutting edge 47 can also be used as a ramp cutting edge when using the lower cutting edge 11 for ramp machining. The lower secondary cutting edge 47 can also be used as a so-called finishing edge to improve the accuracy of the finished surface of the workpiece.
[0066] like Figure 15As shown in the undefined example, the second constraint surface 37 moves away from the central axis O1 as it approaches the second upper edge 17. In this case, it is easy to ensure the wall thickness of the insert 1 directly above (or below) the lower main cutting edge 45, which can function as the main cutting edge. Therefore, the insert 1 has high durability.
[0067] When the first constraint surface 33 moves away from the central axis O1 as it approaches the second lower edge 23, and the second constraint surface 37 moves away from the central axis O1 as it approaches the second upper edge 17, the versatility of the secondary cutting edges (upper secondary cutting edge 43 and lower secondary cutting edge 47) is high. That is, when the secondary cutting edge is used as a finishing edge, it is easy to make the secondary cutting edge into a sharp shape, so the surface accuracy of the machined surface is high (the surface roughness is small). In addition, when it is used for ramp machining, the constraint surface directly below (directly above) the secondary cutting edge is less likely to come into contact with the workpiece.
[0068] like Figure 4 As shown in the undefined example, the lower surface 5 may have a flat lower bearing surface 49. When the upper cutting edge 9 is used to manufacture the workpiece and the insert 1 is mounted on the tool holder, the lower bearing surface 49 can abut (contact) the tool holder. The lower bearing surface 49 may be perpendicular to the central axis O1. Perpendicularity is not limited to strict perpendicularity; it can mean a range of approximately 90° ± 5°.
[0069] like Figure 2 As shown in the undefined example, when viewed from above, the second lower edge 23 can be located further away from the central axis O1 than the first upper edge 15. In this case, it is easy to stretch the lower bearing surface 49 to near the area directly below the first upper edge 15 (upper main cutting edge 41). Therefore, the main component force applied to the first upper edge 15 during cutting using the upper cutting edge 9 can be easily and stably borne by the lower bearing surface 49.
[0070] like Figure 11 As shown in the undefined example, the first recess 31 may have a first bottom 51, a first upper opening 53, and a first lower opening 55. The first upper opening 53 is located on the upper surface 3 side. The first lower opening 55 is located on the lower surface 5 side. It should be noted that the first bottom 51 may be located in the first recess 31 at the position closest to the central axis O1.
[0071] In a top-view section orthogonal to the first upper edge 15, the width W11 along the reference plane S1 from the first bottom 51 to the first upper opening 53 can be narrower than the width W12 along the reference plane S1 from the first bottom 51 to the first lower opening 55. When comparing the upper main cutting edge 41 and the lower secondary cutting edge 47 located above and below the first recess 31, it is relatively easier to apply a larger cutting load to the upper main cutting edge 41. With width W11 narrower than width W12, it is easier to ensure the wall thickness of the insert 1 directly below the upper main cutting edge 41. Therefore, the upper cutting edge 9 has high durability.
[0072] like Figure 2 As shown in the undefined example, the upper surface 3 may have a flat upper bearing surface 57. The upper bearing surface 57 can abut (contact) the tool holder when the workpiece is manufactured using the lower cutting edge 11 and the insert 1 is mounted on the tool holder. The upper bearing surface 57 may be perpendicular to the central axis O1.
[0073] like Figure 4 As shown in the undefined example, when viewed from below, the second upper edge 17 can be located further away from the central axis O1 than the first lower edge 21. In this case, it is easy to stretch the upper bearing surface 57 to near the area directly above (or below) the first lower edge 21 (lower main cutting edge 45). Therefore, the main component force applied to the first lower edge 21 during cutting using the lower cutting edge 11 can be easily and stably borne by the upper bearing surface 57.
[0074] like Figure 15 As in the undefined example shown, the second recess 35 may also have a second bottom 59, a second upper opening 61, and a second lower opening 63. The second upper opening 61 may be located on the upper surface 3 side. The second lower opening 63 may be located on the lower surface 5 side. It should be noted that the second bottom 59 may be located in the second recess 35 at the position closest to the central axis O1.
[0075] In a cross-section orthogonal to the first lower edge 21 when viewed from below, the width W21 along the reference plane S1 from the second bottom 59 to the second lower opening 63 can be narrower than the width W22 along the reference plane S1 from the second bottom 59 to the second upper opening 61. When comparing the lower main cutting edge 45 and the upper secondary cutting edge 43 located above and below the second recess 35, it is relatively easier to apply a larger cutting load to the lower main cutting edge 45. With the width W21 narrower than the width W22, it is easier to ensure the wall thickness of the insert 1 directly above (below) the lower main cutting edge 45. Therefore, the lower cutting edge 11 has high durability.
[0076] The blade 1 may have a through hole 65. The through hole 65 can be used, for example, for inserting a screw when fixing the blade 1 to the tool holder. It should be noted that, when fixing the blade 1 to the tool holder, a clamping member can also be used instead of a screw.
[0077] The through hole 65 can open in areas on opposite sides of the side 7, and can also open on the upper surface 3 and the lower surface 5. For example... Figure 1 As in the undefined example shown, the through hole 65 can open at the center of both the upper surface 3 and the lower surface 5. The central axis of the through hole 65 can be an imaginary straight line passing through the center of both the upper surface 3 and the lower surface 5. In other words, the central axis of the through hole 65 can coincide with the central axis O1 of the blade 1.
[0078] Materials for the cutting tool 1 can include, for example, cemented carbide and cermet. Compositions of cemented carbide can include, for example, WC-Co, WC-TiC-Co, and WC-TiC-TaC-Co. Here, WC, TiC, and TaC can be hard particles, and Co can be a binder phase.
[0079] Furthermore, cermets can be sintered composite materials formed by combining metal and ceramic components. Examples of cermets include titanium compounds with titanium carbide (TiC) or titanium nitride (TiN) as the main components. Of course, the material of blade 1 is not limited to the above composition.
[0080] The surface of the blade 1 can be coated using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD). Examples of suitable coating materials include titanium carbide (TiC), titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbonitride (TiCN), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3).
[0081] <Cutting Tools>
[0082] Next, use Figure 17 as well as Figure 18 The cutting tool 101, which is not limited to one aspect of this disclosure, will be described. Furthermore, in Figure 16 In the figure, the rotation axis O2 of the cutting tool 101 is represented by a double-dotted line, and the rotation direction of the rotation axis O2 is represented by an arrow Y1.
[0083] like Figure 17 as well as Figure 18 As shown in the undefined example, the cutting tool 101 may have a tool holder 103 and an insert 1. When the cutting tool 101 has an insert 1, the insert 1 has high constraint stability, and therefore can perform excellent cutting performance.
[0084] The cutting tool 101 is capable of rotating about the rotation axis O2. The cutting tool 101 can be used for rotary cutting.
[0085] The handle 103 can be a cylindrical shape extending from the first end 103a to the second end 103b along the rotation axis O2. The cylindrical shape only needs to be approximately cylindrical, and does not need to be a strictly cylindrical shape.
[0086] The tool holder 103 may have a cutting groove 105 located on the first end 103a side. The cutting blade 1 can be installed in the cutting groove 105. The cutting groove 105 may have openings on the outer peripheral surface of the tool holder 103 and the end face on the first end 103a side.
[0087] The cutting insert 1 can be located in the tool holder 105. It should be noted that there can be only one tool holder 105, or there can be multiple tool holders 105. When the tool holder 103 has multiple tool holders 105, the cutting tool 101 can have multiple cutting inserts 1. In addition, one cutting insert 1 can be located in each tool holder 105.
[0088] When the tool holder 103 has multiple tool slots 105, these tool slots 105 can be arranged at equal intervals around the rotating shaft O2, or they can be arranged at unequal intervals.
[0089] The insert 1 can be mounted in the tool holder 105 such that at least a portion of its cutting edge protrudes from the tool holder 103. For example, the insert 1 can also be mounted in the tool holder 103 such that its upper cutting edge 9 protrudes from the tool holder 103 toward the workpiece. In this case, the lower surface 5 and the side surface 7 can abut against the tool holder 103.
[0090] The blade 1 can be mounted to the tool holder 105 by screw 107. That is, the screw 107 can be inserted into the through hole 65 of the blade 1, and the front end of the screw 107 can be inserted into the threaded hole formed in the tool holder 105, so that the screw 107 is fixed in the threaded hole, thereby mounting the blade 1 to the tool holder 103.
[0091] Materials for the handle 103 include, for example, steel and cast iron. When the handle 103 is made of steel, it has high toughness.
[0092] <Methods for Manufacturing Machined Workpieces>
[0093] Next, use Figures 19-21 A method for manufacturing a workpiece 203 that is not limited to one aspect of this disclosure will be described.
[0094] The workpiece 203 can be manufactured by machining the workpiece 201. The method for manufacturing the workpiece 203 may include the following steps:
[0095] (1) A process of rotating the cutting tool 101 represented by the above-described undefined embodiments;
[0096] (2) The process of bringing the rotating cutting tool 101 into contact with the workpiece 201; and
[0097] (3) The process of removing the cutting tool 101 from the workpiece 201.
[0098] Specifically, firstly, such as Figure 19 As shown in the undefined example, the cutting tool 101 can be rotated about the rotation axis O2 in the Y1 direction while relatively approaching the workpiece 201. Then, as... Figure 20 As shown in the undefined example, the upper cutting edge 9 of the cutting tool 101 can be brought into contact with the workpiece 201 to cut the workpiece 201. Furthermore, as... Figure 21 As in the undefined example shown, the cutting tool 101 can also be positioned relatively away from the workpiece 201.
[0099] After the above-described process, the constraint stability of the cutting tool 1 is high, thus enabling the production of a machined workpiece 203 with a high precision finished surface.
[0100] It should be noted that, in Figures 19-21 In one example that is not limited to the one shown, the workpiece 201 to be cut is fixed and the cutting tool 101 is moved in each process, but of course it is not limited to this manner.
[0101] For example, in step (1), the workpiece 201 can be brought closer to the cutting tool 101. Similarly, in step (3), the workpiece 201 can be moved away from the cutting tool 101. If the cutting process continues, the cutting tool 101 can be kept in a rotating state, and the process of bringing the upper cutting edge 9 of the insert 1 into contact with different parts of the workpiece 201 can be repeated.
[0102] Examples of materials that can be used for the workpiece 201 include carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, cast iron, and non-ferrous metals.
[0103] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures
[0104] 1...Cutting inserts (blades)
[0105] 3... Top surface
[0106] 5...lower surface
[0107] 7...side view
[0108] 9... Upper cutting edge
[0109] 11...lower cutting edge
[0110] 13...Top corner
[0111] 15...First top
[0112] 17...Second top
[0113] 19...bottom corner
[0114] 21...First bottom
[0115] 23...Second bottom
[0116] 25...First profile
[0117] 27...Second side view
[0118] 29...Third side view
[0119] 31...First recess
[0120] 33...First constraint surface
[0121] 35...Second recess
[0122] 37...Second Constraint Surface
[0123] 39...convex part
[0124] 41... Upper main cutting edge
[0125] 43... Upper secondary cutting edge
[0126] 45...lower main cutting edge
[0127] 47...lower secondary cutting edge
[0128] 49... Lower bearing surface
[0129] 51...First bottom
[0130] 53...First upper opening
[0131] 55...First opening
[0132] 57... Upper bearing surface
[0133] 59...Second bottom
[0134] 61...Second upper opening
[0135] 63...Second lower opening
[0136] 65... Through hole
[0137] 101... Cutting tools
[0138] 103...handle
[0139] 103a..First end
[0140] 103b..Second End
[0141] 105... Tool Groove
[0142] 107... screw
[0143] 201...workpiece
[0144] 203...workpiece
[0145] O1...Central Axis
[0146] O2... Rotating Axis
[0147] S1...datum plane.
Claims
1. A cutting insert, wherein, The cutting blade has: The upper surface of the polygon shape has a first upper corner, a first upper side extending from the first upper corner, and a second upper side extending from the first upper corner; The lower surface of the polygon shape has a first lower corner located below the first upper corner, a first lower side located below the second upper side and extending from the first lower corner, and a second lower side located below the first upper side and extending from the first lower corner. The side is located between the upper surface and the lower surface; The upper cutting edge is located at the intersection of the upper surface and the side surface; as well as The lower cutting edge is located at the intersection of the lower surface and the side surface. The side has: The first side is connected to the first upper side and the second lower side; The second side is connected to the second upper side and the first lower side; as well as The third side is located between the first side and the second side. The central axis is an imaginary straight line drawn through the center of the upper surface and the center of the lower surface. The first side has a first recess, and the first recess has a flat first constraint surface. The second side has a second recess, and the second recess has a flat second constraint surface. The third side has a protrusion that is convex in cross-section along the central axis. The first recess and the second recess are separated by the convex portion. The first constraint surface is located midway between the upper surface and the lower surface along the direction of the central axis. In a top-view view, in a section orthogonal to the first upper edge, when an imaginary straight line passing through the first upper edge and parallel to the central axis is taken as the imaginary axis, The first constraint surface is inclined in a manner that it approaches the imaginary axis as it moves closer to the first upper edge. The end of the lower surface of the first constraint surface is located on the outer side of the imaginary axis.
2. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein, An imaginary plane orthogonal to the central axis and located midway between the upper and lower surfaces is used as the reference plane. The first constraint surface and the second constraint surface intersect the reference surface, respectively.
3. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein, The upper cutting edge has: The upper main cutting edge, which is located on the first upper edge; and The upper secondary cutting edge is located on the upper side of the second one. The first constraint surface moves away from the central axis as it approaches the second lower edge.
4. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein, The lower cutting edge has: The lower main cutting edge is located at the first lower edge; and The lower secondary cutting edge is located on the second lower edge. The second constraint surface moves away from the central axis as it approaches the second upper edge.
5. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein, The lower surface has a flat lower bearing surface. When viewed from above, the second lower edge is located further away from the central axis than the first upper edge.
6. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein, The first recess has: First bottom; A first upper opening, located on the side of the upper surface; and The first lower opening is located on the side of the lower surface. An imaginary plane orthogonal to the central axis and located midway between the upper and lower surfaces is used as the reference plane. In a cross section orthogonal to the first upper edge when viewed from above, The width from the first bottom to the first upper opening along the reference plane is narrower than the width from the first bottom to the first lower opening along the reference plane.
7. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein, The upper surface has a flat upper bearing surface. When viewed from below, the second upper edge is located further away from the central axis than the first lower edge.
8. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein, The second recess has: Second bottom; The second upper opening is located on the side of the upper surface; and The second lower opening is located on the side of the lower surface. An imaginary plane orthogonal to the central axis and located midway between the upper and lower surfaces is used as the reference plane. In the cross section orthogonal to the first lower edge when viewed from below, The width from the second bottom to the second lower opening along the reference plane is narrower than the width from the second bottom to the second upper opening along the reference plane.
9. The cutting insert according to claim 1, wherein, The second constraint surface is located midway between the upper surface and the lower surface along the direction of the central axis. In a cross-section orthogonal to the first lower edge when viewed from below, if an imaginary straight line passing through the first lower edge and parallel to the central axis is taken as the imaginary axis, The second constraint surface is inclined in a manner that it approaches the imaginary axis as it moves closer to the first lower edge. The end of the upper surface of the second constraint surface is located on the outer side of the imaginary axis.
10. A cutting tool, wherein, The cutting tool has: The tool holder is cylindrical in shape, extending from a first end to a second end along a rotation axis, and has a cutting groove located on the side of the first end. The cutting blade of claim 1, located in the cutting groove.
11. A method for manufacturing a workpiece that has undergone machining, wherein, The method for manufacturing the workpiece includes: The process of rotating the cutting tool as described in claim 10; The process of bringing the rotating cutting tool into contact with the workpiece; and The process of removing the cutting tool from the workpiece.