Abutment structure and construction process thereof

Abstract

The application provides a new type of abutment structure and a construction process of the abutment, which comprises a road-bridge connecting support structure and a retaining structure. The road-bridge connecting support structure comprises an abutment body and an abutment cap supported by the abutment body. The retaining structure comprises a back abutment backfill, an abutment body connecting a side wall of the back abutment backfill, an abutment cap and a back wall, which form a back abutment backfill of the abutment and a supporting surface. The abutment cap comprises a load-bearing part at the upper end of the abutment body and an extension section. The load-bearing part is used for loading a prestressed beam of a beam slab. The extension section extends to be installed on the back abutment backfill. The back wall is installed on the upper end of the extension section. A construction and maintenance passage is reserved between the back wall and the beam slab. The application provides an abutment structure and a construction process of the abutment, which can ensure smooth connection between the abutment and the beam slab, provide a certain construction and maintenance space and have a simple structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge engineering, specifically to a novel bridge abutment structure and its construction process. Background Technology

[0002] Bridge abutments, located at both ends of the bridge, support the bridge span at the front and connect to the roadbed at the rear, serving to retain the roadbed backfill behind the abutment and connect the bridge span to the roadbed. Existing bridge abutments can be broadly classified into four types based on their structural form: The first type is the gravity abutment, also known as a solid abutment, which relies mainly on its own weight to balance the soil pressure behind it. The abutment body is mostly constructed using masonry materials such as stone masonry and rubble concrete, and often employs on-site construction techniques. However, due to its large scale, it is now rarely used. The second type is the reinforced concrete thin-walled abutment, which consists of buttress retaining walls and thin-walled side walls on both sides. Compared to gravity abutments, it can reduce the masonry volume by 40%-50%, and also reduces the pressure on the foundation due to its own weight. However, its structure is complex, and it requires a relatively large amount of steel reinforcement. It is suitable for bridges built on soft soil foundations. The third type is the buried abutment, in which the abutment body is buried in a conical slope, with only the abutment cap exposed to house the supports and superstructure. The buried abutment uses the earth pressure generated by the conical slope in front of the abutment to offset the active earth pressure behind the abutment, which can increase the stability of the abutment. The size of the abutment is also reduced accordingly. The conical slope of the buried abutment has a large water-retaining area, which compresses the water passage area under the bridge arch and compresses the river channel. The fourth type is the composite abutment, in which the abutment itself must bear the vertical and horizontal forces transmitted from the bridge span structure, while the earth pressure behind the abutment is borne by other bridge span structures. This solves the thrust problem of some arch bridges and is applied to the construction of arch bridges on soft soil foundations, realizing the lightweighting of the abutment.

[0003] In existing applications, pre-embedded abutments are more stable for medium- and long-span bridges. These bridges also require manholes on the end beams for construction and maintenance. However, in existing pre-embedded abutment structures, the limited space for tensioning prestressed steel strands at the beam ends necessitates single-end tensioning instead of double-end tensioning, or adjusting the anchorage position to the top of the prestressed beam to avoid tensioning at the beam ends. While these prestressed steel strand arrangements meet structural stress requirements, single-end tensioning reduces prestressing efficiency, and adjusting the anchorage position to the top of the prestressed beam to cut off the end stirrups and longitudinal reinforcement reduces the shear capacity at the beam ends and the bending capacity of the beam. Furthermore, in prestressed concrete bridge structures, based on stress characteristics and reinforcement layout requirements, prestressed steel strands should be anchored at the beam ends as much as possible.

[0004] In addition, the existing common bridge abutment structure makes it difficult for workers and equipment to reach the manholes set on the end beams during bridge construction and operation and maintenance, which brings great difficulties to construction and maintenance.

[0005] Ensuring a smooth connection between the bridge abutment and the bridge beam, and achieving a bridge abutment structure with sufficient construction and maintenance space and a simple structure while performing prestressed anchorage at the ends of the bridge beam, are problems that urgently need to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The first objective of this invention is to provide a novel bridge abutment structure and construction process for prestressed anchoring at the ends of beams and slabs in the prior art.

[0007] Therefore, the above-mentioned objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A novel bridge abutment structure includes a road-bridge connection support structure and a retaining structure. The road-bridge connection support structure includes an abutment body and an abutment cap supporting the abutment body. The retaining structure includes backfill material behind the abutment, and the abutment body, abutment cap, and back wall are connected to form the sidewall of the backfill material, forming the roadbed backfill material and support surface behind the retaining bridge abutment. The abutment cap includes a load-bearing part and an extension section located at the upper end of the abutment body. The load-bearing part supports the prestressed beams of the bridge slab. The extension section extends and is installed on the backfill material behind the abutment. The back wall is installed at the upper end of the extension section. A construction and maintenance passage is reserved between the back wall and the bridge slab.

[0009] While adopting the above technical solutions, the present invention may also adopt or combine the following technical solutions:

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the width of the pedestal cap from the bearing part to the protruding section is the sum of the width of the prestressed beam resting on the bearing part, the width of the construction and maintenance passage, and the width of the back wall;

[0011] Alternatively, the top surface of the platform cap may be provided with a drainage slope in the direction of the mid-span.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the back wall supports the slab, and the slab is provided with a corbel at the cantilever end facing the beam slab, and a bridge expansion joint is installed on the corbel.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the back wall is supported by the plate support, the plate support includes a horizontal limiting rod, a plate pad and elastic filler, the plate pad is disposed between the plate and the back wall, the horizontal limiting rod is anchored and limited to the plate and the back wall, and the elastic filler fills the remaining gap between the plate and the back wall except for the plate pad.

[0014] Alternatively, cast-in-place concrete may be used in the gaps between the slab and the back wall, and around the horizontal limiting rod.

[0015] Alternatively, the horizontal limiting rod may be made of ribbed steel bars.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the approach plate extends out of the back wall at one end away from the beam, and the extension length of the approach plate is the difference between the net distance between the back wall and the end of the prestressed beam and the installation width of the expansion joint.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the approach plate extends out of the back wall at one end away from the beam slab, forming a longitudinal slope in the rear part of the platform, and is laid on the backfill material behind the platform.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: a platform pad layer and a backfill material are laid in sequence below the platform extending from the back wall, and a backfill material, a road structure layer, and a road surface layer are laid in sequence at the upper end of the platform.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the pier cap cross bridge is provided with side walls at both ends, the side walls extend into the width range of the pier cap, and manholes are provided on the side walls corresponding to the construction and maintenance passage positions;

[0020] Alternatively, a connector may be pre-embedded at the upper end of the side wall, and the connector may serve as the base for auxiliary structures such as guardrails and light poles.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the platform body is provided with a rear drainage system, the rear drainage system comprising a drainage pipe and aggregated crushed stone wrapped in geotextile, the drainage pipe extending into the aggregated crushed stone wrapped in geotextile.

[0022] The second objective of this invention is to provide a novel construction process for bridge abutments, addressing the shortcomings of existing technologies. To this end, the above objective is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0023] A novel construction technique for bridge abutments includes the following steps:

[0024] S1: Cast-in-place construction of the abutment body and cap to the bridge abutment back wall, and pre-embed horizontal limit rods in the back wall;

[0025] S2: Install prestressed beam supports on the load-bearing part of the beam and slab, erect or pour prestressed beams, and complete the prestressing tensioning, grouting and anchor sealing processes;

[0026] S3: After removing the loose soil from the ground behind the platform, lay the geogrid, then backfill and compact it in layers to the design elevation of the bottom of the slab cushion layer, and pour the slab cushion layer.

[0027] S4: Lay elastic filler on the top of the bridge abutment back wall, reserve space for the approach slab pad block, tie the approach slab reinforcement, embed the expansion joint reinforcement, and pour the approach slab and approach slab pad block concrete in the same section.

[0028] S5: Backfill the remaining portion after the platform, and construct the road structure layer to the design elevation;

[0029] S6: Install expansion joints and construct road surface layer.

[0030] This invention provides a novel bridge abutment structure and its construction process. By expanding the abutment cap and adding an extension section towards the rear of the abutment, the abutment structure can be modified with minimal changes without affecting its function of supporting the bridge span at one end. The abutment cap provides space for tensioning or anchoring the ends of the beams connecting the road and bridge, and also provides space for workers and equipment to reach the crossbeams at the ends of the beams during bridge construction and operation and maintenance. This invention achieves a multi-functional structural improvement, enhancing the convenience of construction and operation and maintenance with extremely low modification costs. It has great potential for widespread application in bridge abutment structure improvement. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the bridge abutment structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the exterior elevation of the bridge abutment structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the connection between the platform and the platform back;

[0034] In the attached diagram: 1. Road surface layer; 2. Prestressed beam; 3. Expansion joint; 4. Approach slab; 401. Cantilever end; 5. Road structure layer; 6. Approach slab cushion layer; 7. Backfill material behind the abutment; 8. Approach slab support; 9. Back wall; 10. Abutment cap; 101. Load-bearing section; 102. Extension section; 11. Back drainage system; 12. Abutment body; 13. Ground in front of the abutment; 14. Prestressed beam support; 15. Abutment side wall; 16. Manhole; 17. Horizontal limit rod; 18. Elastic filler; 19. Approach slab pad. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] The present invention discloses a novel bridge abutment structure, comprising a road-bridge connection support structure and a retaining structure. The road-bridge connection support structure includes an abutment body 12 and an abutment cap 10 supported by the abutment body 12. The retaining structure includes a backfill material 7 behind the abutment, and the abutment body 12, abutment cap 10, and back wall 9 connecting to form the sidewall of the backfill material 7, forming the roadbed fill material and support surface behind the retaining bridge abutment. The abutment cap 10 includes a bearing portion 101 located at the upper end of the abutment body 12 and an extension section 102. The bearing portion 101 loads and installs the prestressed beam of the beam slab 2, and the extension section 102 extends and is installed on the backfill material 7 behind the abutment. The back wall 9 is installed at the upper end of the extension section 102, and a construction and maintenance passage is reserved between the back wall 9 and the beam slab 2.

[0037] In this invention, by setting a bearing portion 101 and an extension section 102 facing the rear of the abutment on the cap 10, and setting the bearing portion 101 on the upper end face of the cap 10 at the upper end of the abutment body 12, the prestressed beam of the beam slab 2 is supported for installation. Without affecting the function of supporting the bridge span at one end, the enlarged space extension section 102 on the cap 10 provides space for tensioning or anchoring the ends of the beam slab connected to the road and bridge, while also reserving space for personnel and equipment to reach the beam end crossbeam during bridge construction and operation and maintenance. This achieves a multi-purpose structural improvement. It is worth emphasizing that no major modifications to the existing abutment structure are required. The extension section of the cap 10 only needs to be connected to the backfill material 7 laid at the rear end, and the cap 10 and the back wall 9 are formed as a whole through cast-in-place construction. Only a small increase in the space of the cap 10 is needed, with minimal impact on the existing abutment modification, low modification cost, and significant advantages in construction, operation and maintenance.

[0038] The width of the cap 10 from the bearing part 101 to the extension section 102 is the sum of the width of the prestressed beam resting on the bearing part 101, the width of the construction and maintenance passage, and the width of the back wall 9. With minimal changes to the existing bridge abutment structure, the increased space extension section 102 provides space for tensioning or anchoring the ends of the beams connecting the road and bridge, while also reserving space for workers and equipment to reach the beam ends during bridge construction and operation and maintenance.

[0039] The top surface of the cap 10 is provided with a drainage slope in the direction of the mid-span to facilitate drainage of the construction and maintenance passages on the cap 10.

[0040] The back wall 9 supports the slab 4, and the slab 4 has a corbel at the cantilever end 401 facing the beam, and the bridge expansion joint 3 is installed on the corbel.

[0041] The approach plate 4 is used to connect with the roadbed behind the abutment. The roadbed connection structure of this invention can conveniently and quickly reserve expansion joints to improve the service life of the bridge abutment structure. No additional structural design is required, which is convenient for construction and application.

[0042] The back wall 9 is supported by the slab 4 via the slab support 8. The slab support 8 includes a horizontal limiting rod 17, a slab pad 19, and an elastic filler 18. The slab pad 19 is disposed between the slab 4 and the back wall 9. The horizontal limiting rod 17 is anchored and limits the connection between the slab 4 and the back wall 9. The elastic filler 18 fills the remaining gap between the slab 4 and the back wall 9 except for the slab pad 19. With the use of the elastic filler 18, during support, the elastic contact of the elastic filler 18 reduces some of the compressive stress on the back wall 9, increases the load-bearing capacity of the back wall 9, and extends the service life of the back wall.

[0043] The gap between the support plate 4 and the back wall 9 and around the horizontal limiting rod 17 is filled with cast-in-place concrete. The horizontal limiting rod 17 is made of ribbed steel bars to enhance the overall bearing capacity of the supporting tower plate 4, including the back wall 9.

[0044] The slab 4 extends out of the back wall 9 at one end away from the beam slab 2. The extension length of the slab 4 is the difference between the net distance between the back wall 9 and the end of the prestressed beam 2 and the installation width of the expansion joint 3.

[0045] The approach slab 4 extends beyond the back wall 9 at the end offset from the beam slab 2, forming a longitudinal slope at the rear of the abutment. It is laid on the backfill material 7 behind the abutment. The approach slab 4 forms a downward slope at the rear of the abutment. This longitudinal slope design reduces the shear stress on the back wall 9 due to the lever force when vehicles pass over it, thus increasing the load-bearing capacity of both the back wall 9 and the approach slab 4 under the same conditions. It also facilitates a more reasonable and coordinated deformation response at the rear of the abutment, forming a gradually changing roadbed structure transition section.

[0046] Below the slab 4 extending from the back wall 9, a slab pad layer 6 and backfill material 7 are laid in sequence. At the top of the slab 4, backfill material 7, road structure layer 5, and road surface layer 1 are laid in sequence.

[0047] The pier cap 10 has side walls 15 at both ends of the horizontal bridge. The side walls 15 extend into the width range of the pier cap 10. Manholes 16 are provided on the side walls 15 at the locations of the construction and maintenance passages to facilitate construction and maintenance.

[0048] The upper end of the side wall 15 is pre-embedded with a connector, which serves as the base for auxiliary structures such as guardrails and light poles.

[0049] The platform is equipped with a rear drainage system 11, which includes a drainage pipe and aggregated crushed stone wrapped in geotextile. The drainage pipe extends into the aggregated crushed stone wrapped in geotextile.

[0050] The construction process of the bridge abutment in this invention includes the following steps:

[0051] S1: Cast-in-place abutment body 12, abutment cap 10 to bridge abutment back wall 9, and pre-embed horizontal limit rod 17 in back wall 9;

[0052] S2: Install the prestressed beam support 14 of the beam plate 2 in the bearing part 101, erect or pour the prestressed beam 2, and complete the prestressing tensioning, grouting and anchor sealing process.

[0053] S3: After removing the loose soil on the ground behind the platform, lay the geogrid, then backfill and compact it in layers to the design elevation of the bottom surface of the slab cushion 6, and pour the slab cushion 6.

[0054] S4: Lay elastic filler 18 on the top of the bridge abutment back wall 9, reserve space for approach plate pad 19, tie the reinforcement of approach plate 4, embed the expansion joint 3 reinforcement, and pour concrete of approach plate 4 and approach plate pad 19 in the same compartment.

[0055] S5: Backfill the remaining part after the platform, and construct the road structure layer 5 to the design elevation;

[0056] S6: Install expansion joint 3, construct road surface layer 1. Example

[0057] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a novel bridge abutment structure of the present invention comprises, above the abutment pier, abutment body 12, abutment cap 10, back wall 9, and approach slab 4, arranged sequentially. Side walls 15 are provided at both ends of the abutment cap 10 in the transverse direction of the bridge. The abutment cap 10, back wall 9, and side walls 15 are cast-in-place as a whole through construction joints. Approach slab supports 8 are provided between the abutment back wall 9 and approach slab 4, connected by horizontal limiting rods 17. Corbels are provided at the cantilever ends of approach slab 4, and bridge expansion joints 3 are installed on the corbels. Backfill material 7 and a cushion layer are laid sequentially below the approach slab 4, and backfill material 7, road structure layer 5, and road surface layer 1 are laid sequentially above the approach slab 4 to the design elevation.

[0058] In this invention, a channel is provided on the bridge abutment cap to provide a certain construction space for the tensioning of prestressed steel strands;

[0059] A passageway is provided on the bridge abutment cap, providing a safe and convenient route for maintenance personnel and equipment to pass through during bridge operation;

[0060] The approach slab has a certain slope, forming a gradual transition section of the roadbed structure, which makes the deformation coordination behind the abutment more reasonable.

[0061] The bridge abutment body 12 adopts a reinforced concrete rectangular cross-section structure with a cross-section width of 100cm, and is equipped with a drainage system 11 behind the abutment.

[0062] The drainage system 11 is located at the abutment body 12 and consists of drainage pipes and graded crushed stone wrapped with geotextile.

[0063] The abutment cap 10 adopts a reinforced concrete rectangular cross-section structure with a cross-section size of 225×70cm. The top surface of the abutment cap 10 is provided with a 2% drainage slope in the direction of mid-span. The net distance between the abutment back wall 9 and the prestressed beam is 90cm.

[0064] The abutment sidewalls 15 are located on both sides of the abutment and extend to the width of the abutment cap 10. The sidewalls 15 are 35cm thick and are made of reinforced concrete and cast in place with the abutment. A 140×60cm manhole 16 is provided on the sidewalls 15 at the location of the construction and maintenance passage. The upper end of the sidewalls 15 is pre-embedded with connectors, which serve as the base for auxiliary structures such as guardrails and light poles.

[0065] The approach plate support 8 is set between the approach plate 4 and the abutment back wall 9, with a height of 2cm, and consists of three parts: a horizontal limiting rod 17, an approach plate pad 19, and an elastic filler 18.

[0066] The horizontal limiting rod 17 is made of φ25 ribbed L-shaped steel bars, evenly arranged at 50cm intervals. The straight section of the steel bar is 90cm long, the right-angle bend section is 20cm long, and the straight section is inserted into the back wall 9 of the bridge abutment to a depth of 55cm.

[0067] Approach plate pad 19 is set in the gap between approach plate 4 and bridge abutment back wall 9 and around horizontal limit rod 17. The cross-sectional size is 10×2cm. It is continuously set with the horizontal limit rod 17 as the center and is cast in place with concrete.

[0068] The elastic filler 18 is a 2cm thick foam board placed between the approach plate 4 and the bridge abutment back wall 9, in the remaining gaps except for the approach plate pad 19.

[0069] The approach slab 4 is set on the back wall 9 of the abutment. The end of the approach slab 4 extends 65cm beyond the back wall 9, and the extended part is 60cm thick. It is equipped with a corbel with a cross section of 35×27cm. The expansion joint 3 steel bars are pre-embedded at the position of the corbel. The part of the approach slab 4 behind the abutment is 25cm thick and 600cm long. It adopts a 1:5 slope along the longitudinal direction. The thickness change is transitioned with a 27×27cm chamfer.

[0070] The backfill material 7 behind the platform is well-graded gravel with a maximum particle size of no more than 50mm.

[0071] A novel bridge abutment structure construction process is characterized by the following construction steps:

[0072] S1. The bridge abutment structure is constructed up to the bridge abutment back wall 9, and a horizontal limiting rod 17 is pre-embedded in the bridge abutment back wall 9.

[0073] S2. Install the prestressed beam support 14 at the center of the bridge abutment 12, erect the prestressed beam 2, and complete the prestressing tensioning, grouting and anchor sealing procedures.

[0074] S3. After removing 30cm of loose soil from the ground behind the platform, lay geogrid, then backfill and compact it in layers with a thickness of 20cm to the design elevation of the bottom of the slab cushion 6, and pour the slab cushion 6.

[0075] S4. Lay foam board on the top of bridge abutment back wall 9, reserve space for approach plate pad 19, tie the reinforcement of approach plate 4, embed the expansion joint reinforcement 3, and pour concrete of approach plate 4 and approach plate pad 19 in the same compartment.

[0076] S5, backfill the remaining part after the platform, and construct the road structure layer 5 to the design elevation;

[0077] S6. Install expansion joints 3 and construct road surface layer 1.

[0078] The novel bridge abutment structure and construction process of this invention, by expanding the abutment cap and adding an extension section towards the rear of the abutment, does not affect the function of supporting the bridge span at one end with minimal structural modifications. The abutment cap provides space for tensioning or anchoring the ends of the beams connecting the road and bridge, and also reserves space for personnel and equipment to reach the crossbeams at the ends of the beams during bridge construction and operation and maintenance. This achieves a multi-functional structural improvement, and improves the convenience of construction and operation and maintenance with extremely low modification costs. It has great significance for the promotion of bridge abutment structure improvement.

[0079] The above specific embodiments are used to explain and illustrate the present invention, and are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made to the present invention within the spirit and scope of the claims shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bridge abutment structure, characterized in that: The bridge connection support structure includes a road-bridge connection support structure and a retaining structure. The road-bridge connection support structure includes an abutment body (12) and an abutment cap (10) supported by the abutment body (12). The retaining structure includes backfill material (7) behind the abutment, and the abutment body (12), abutment cap (10), and back wall (9) connected to form the side wall of the backfill material (7) to form the support surface of the roadbed fill material behind the retaining bridge abutment. The abutment cap (10) includes a bearing part (101) and an extension section (102) located at the upper end of the abutment body (12). The bearing part (101) loads the prestressed beam of the beam plate (2) and the extension section (102) extends and is installed on the backfill material (7). The back wall (9) is installed at the upper end of the extension section (102). A construction and maintenance passage is reserved between the back wall (9) and the beam plate (2). During construction, the beam plate ends are tensioned in the passage. The back wall (9) supports the approach plate (4), and the approach plate (4) is provided with a corbel at the cantilever end facing the beam plate, and the bridge expansion joint (3) is installed on the corbel. The extension plate (4) extends out of the back wall (9) at one end away from the beam (2), and the extension length of the extension plate (4) is the difference between the net distance between the back wall (9) and the end of the prestressed beam and the installation width of the expansion joint (3). The platform is equipped with a rear drainage system (11).

2. The bridge abutment structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the cap (10) from the supporting part (101) to the extended part (102) is the sum of the width of the prestressed beam resting on the supporting part (101), the width of the construction and maintenance passage, and the width of the back wall (9); Alternatively, the top surface of the platform cap (10) may be provided with a drainage slope in the direction of the mid-span.

3. The bridge abutment structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The back wall (9) supports the deck (4) through the deck support (8). The deck support (8) includes a horizontal limiting rod (17), a deck pad (19), and an elastic filler (18). The deck pad (19) is placed between the deck (4) and the back wall (9). The horizontal limiting rod (17) anchors and limits the connection between the deck (4) and the back wall (9). The elastic filler (18) fills the remaining gap between the deck (4) and the back wall (9) except for the deck pad (19). Alternatively, concrete may be used to fill the gap between the slab (4) and the back wall (9) and around the horizontal limiting rod (17); Alternatively, the horizontal limiting rod (17) may be made of ribbed steel bars.

4. The bridge abutment structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The approach slab (4) extends out of the back wall (9) at the end that is away from the beam slab (2), forming a longitudinal slope in the rear part of the platform, and is laid in the backfill material (7) behind the platform.

5. The bridge abutment structure as described in claim 4, characterized in that: Below the slab (4) extending out of the back wall (9), a slab pad layer (6) and backfill material (7) are laid in sequence. The backfill material (7), road structure layer (5), and road surface layer (1) are laid in sequence at the top of the slab (4).

6. The bridge abutment structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The platform cap (10) is provided with side walls (15) at both ends of the transverse bridge. The side walls (15) extend into the width range of the platform cap (10). Manholes (16) are provided in the side walls (15) corresponding to the construction and maintenance passage positions. Alternatively, a connector may be pre-embedded at the upper end of the side wall (15), which serves as the base for auxiliary structures such as guardrails and light poles.

7. The bridge abutment structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage system (11) behind the platform includes a drainage pipe and aggregated crushed stone wrapped in geotextile. The drainage pipe extends into the aggregated crushed stone wrapped in geotextile.

8. A construction method for a bridge abutment structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The process includes the following steps: S1: Construct the abutment body (12) and abutment cap (10) in place to the bridge abutment back wall (9), and pre-embed horizontal limit rods (17) in the back wall (9). S2: Install the prestressed beam support (14) of the beam plate (2) in the bearing part (101), erect or pour the prestressed beam, and complete the prestressing tensioning, grouting and anchor sealing process; S3: After removing the loose soil on the ground behind the platform, lay the geogrid, then backfill and compact it in layers to the bottom design elevation of the slab cushion (6), and pour the slab cushion (6). S4: Lay elastic filler (18) on the top of the bridge abutment back wall (9), reserve space for the approach plate pad (19), tie the reinforcement of the approach plate (4), embed the expansion joint (3) reinforcement, and pour the concrete of the approach plate (4) and the approach plate pad (19) in the same compartment. S5: Backfill the remaining part after the platform, and construct the road structure layer (5) to the design elevation; S6: Install expansion joints (3), construct road surface layer (1).

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