An antenna structure and electronic device

Abstract

This application provides an antenna structure and an electronic device. The antenna structure may include a first antenna element and a second antenna element. A first slot of the first antenna element and a second slot of the second antenna element extend in a first direction and are spaced apart in a second direction, and the projections of the first slot and the second slot in the second direction at least partially coincide, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. A first feed point of the first antenna element is located in the central region of the first slot, or at one end of the first slot, and a second feed point of the second antenna element is located at one end of the second slot. The first antenna element and the second antenna element operate in the same or adjacent frequency bands and have good isolation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and more particularly to an antenna structure and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of key technologies such as curved and flexible screens, thinner and lighter designs and extremely low screen-to-body ratios have become a trend in industrial design (ID) for electronic devices, especially mobile phones. This design has significantly compressed antenna space. Simultaneously, the increasing demands of electronic devices for functions such as photography have led to a gradual increase in the number and size of cameras, further complicating the overall antenna design. In this environment, designing multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna systems generally faces space constraints, or using traditional designs in compact spaces results in poor system isolation or envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), making it difficult to meet the performance requirements of communication frequency bands. Currently, for a considerable period, electronic devices will continue to experience the coexistence of 3G, 4G, and 5G frequency bands, leading to an increasing number of antennas, wider frequency band coverage, and increasingly severe mutual interference. Based on these changes, it has become an urgent task to develop new types of antennas that are wide-bandwidth, small in size, and highly flexible in electronic devices. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an antenna structure and an electronic device. The antenna structure may include a first antenna element and a second antenna element. The first antenna element and the second antenna element operate in the same or adjacent frequency bands and have good isolation, making it applicable to multiple-input multiple-output antenna systems. Simultaneously, the radiating elements of the first antenna element and the second antenna element can be arranged parallel and spaced apart, reducing the space occupied by the antenna structure and making it suitable for the increasingly limited internal space of electronic devices.

[0004] In a first aspect, an antenna structure is provided, the antenna structure comprising: a first antenna element, the first antenna element including a first slot and a first feed point; and a second antenna element, the second antenna element including a second slot and a second feed point; wherein the first slot and the second slot extend in a first direction and are spaced apart in a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction, and the projections of the first slot and the second slot in the second direction at least partially coincide, the distance between the first slot and the second slot in the second direction being less than one-quarter of a first wavelength or one-quarter of a second wavelength, the first wavelength being the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the first antenna element, and the second wavelength being the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the second antenna element; the first feed point is disposed in the central region of the first slot, or, the first feed point is disposed at one end of the first slot, the first feed point being used to feed the first antenna element; the second feed point is disposed at one end of the second slot, the second feed point being used to feed the second antenna element.

[0005] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first antenna element adopts a centrally symmetrical feeding method, and the electric field it generates is symmetrically distributed. The second antenna element adopts an eccentric feeding method, and the electric field it generates is anti-symmetrically distributed. Since the electric fields generated by the first antenna element and the second antenna element are orthogonal (the electric field of the first antenna element is symmetrically distributed, and the electric field of the second antenna element is anti-symmetrically distributed), the isolation between the first antenna element and the second antenna element is good.

[0006] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first operating frequency band of the first antenna element and the second operating frequency band of the second antenna element are the same or adjacent.

[0007] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit and the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit are the same or adjacent, and have good isolation, which can be applied to a multiple input multiple output antenna system.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first operating frequency band and the second operating frequency band are adjacent when the distance between the start frequency of the first operating frequency band and the end frequency of the second operating frequency band is less than 10% of the center frequency of the first operating frequency band, and the frequency of a frequency point in the first operating frequency band is greater than the frequency of a frequency point in the second operating frequency band.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the distance between the virtual axis of symmetry of the first slit and the virtual axis of symmetry of the second slit in the first direction is less than one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the virtual axis of symmetry of the first gap and the virtual axis of symmetry of the second gap coincide.

[0011] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, as the overall symmetry of the antenna structure increases, the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure will improve. However, in electronic devices, the antenna structure needs to be designed in conjunction with the internal space of the electronic device. Therefore, the virtual symmetry axis of the first slot and the virtual symmetry axis of the second slot may not be completely coincident. When the distance between the virtual symmetry axis of the first slot and the virtual symmetry axis of the second slot in the first direction is less than one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength, good isolation can also be maintained between the first antenna element and the second antenna element.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first feed point is located in the central region of the first gap, the electrical length of the first gap is a first wavelength, and the electrical length of the second gap is a second wavelength.

[0013] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, the size of the antenna radiator can be based on one working wavelength. Since the size of the radiator of the antenna structure is large, the increase of the radiation aperture can improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna structure. Therefore, the radiation efficiency bandwidth of the above-mentioned antenna structure is good.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first feed point is located at one end of the first gap, the electrical length of the first gap is half of the first wavelength, and the electrical length of the second gap is the second wavelength.

[0015] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, the size of the antenna radiator can be based on half of the operating wavelength, which can reduce the size of the antenna structure.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first feed point and the second feed point are located on the same side of a virtual axis, the virtual axis being a virtual axis of symmetry of the first gap or the second gap, and the virtual axis being perpendicular to the first direction.

[0017] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, the first feed point and the second feed point can be set on the same side of the virtual axis, or they can be set on both sides of the virtual axis according to the actual design.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the distance between the first gap and the second gap in the second direction is less than 10 mm.

[0019] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, the distance between the first gap and the second gap can be considered as the shortest straight-line distance between a point in the first gap and a point in the second gap.

[0020] In a second aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising the antenna structure described in any one of the first aspects above, the electronic device further comprising: one or more conductive portions; wherein the first gap of the first antenna unit or the second gap of the second antenna unit is any one of the following gaps: a gap disposed on the conductive portion, or a gap formed between at least two conductive portions of the one or more conductive portions.

[0021] Thirdly, an antenna structure is provided, comprising: a first antenna element including a slot and a first feed point; and a second antenna element including a radiator and a second feed point; wherein the slot extends in a first direction and is spaced apart in a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction, and the projection of the slot and the radiator in the second direction at least partially coincides, the distance between the slot and the radiator in the second direction is less than one-quarter of a first wavelength or one-quarter of a second wavelength, the first wavelength being the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the first antenna element, and the second wavelength being the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the second antenna element; the first feed point is disposed at one end of the slot and is used to feed the first antenna element; the second feed point is disposed in the central region of the radiator, or, the second feed point is disposed at one end of the radiator and is used to feed the second antenna element.

[0022] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, the first antenna element adopts an eccentric feeding method, and the second antenna element adopts a central symmetrical feeding method or an eccentric feeding method. The electric field generated by the first antenna element and the electric field generated by the second antenna element are orthogonal. Therefore, the isolation between the first antenna element and the second antenna element is good.

[0023] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the first operating frequency band of the first antenna element and the second operating frequency band of the second antenna element are the same or adjacent.

[0024] According to the technical solution of the embodiments of this application, the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit and the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit are the same or adjacent, and have good isolation, which can be applied to a multiple input multiple output antenna system.

[0025] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the distance between the virtual axis of symmetry of the slit and the virtual axis of symmetry of the radiator in the first direction is less than one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength.

[0026] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the virtual axis of symmetry of the slit coincides with the virtual axis of symmetry of the radiator.

[0027] According to the technical solution of this application embodiment, as the overall symmetry of the antenna structure increases, the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure will improve. However, in electronic devices, the antenna structure needs to be designed in conjunction with the internal space of the electronic device. Therefore, the virtual symmetry axis of the first slot and the virtual symmetry axis of the second slot may not be completely coincident. When the distance between the virtual symmetry axis of the first slot and the virtual symmetry axis of the second slot in the first direction is less than one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength, good isolation can also be maintained between the first antenna element and the second antenna element.

[0028] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the electrical length of the slit is the first wavelength, and the electrical length of the radiator is the second wavelength.

[0029] Fourthly, an electronic device is provided, comprising the antenna structure described in any one of the third aspects above, the electronic device further comprising: one or more conductive portions; wherein the gap of the first antenna is any one of the following gaps: a gap disposed on a first conductive portion of the one or more conductive portions, or a gap formed between at least a first conductive portion and a second conductive portion of the one or more conductive portions.

[0030] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in some implementations of the fourth aspect, the radiator of the second antenna is a third conductive portion of the one or more conductive portions, and the radiator is open at both ends.

[0031] Fifthly, an antenna structure is provided, the antenna structure comprising: a first antenna element, the first antenna element including a first radiator and a first feed point; and a second antenna element, the second antenna element including a second radiator and a second feed point; wherein the first radiator and the second radiator are parallel and spaced apart, the distance between the first radiator and the second radiator is less than one-quarter of a first wavelength or one-quarter of a second wavelength, the first wavelength being the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the first antenna, the second wavelength being the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the second antenna, and wherein the electric length of the first radiator is the first wavelength and / or the electric length of the second radiator is the first wavelength; the electric field generated by the first antenna element is orthogonal to the electric field generated by the second antenna element, or the current generated by the first antenna element is orthogonal to the current generated by the second antenna element.

[0032] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, the first operating frequency band of the first antenna element and the second operating frequency band of the second antenna element are the same or adjacent.

[0033] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, the electric field generated by the first antenna element is antisymmetric along a virtual axis, and the electric field generated by the second antenna element is symmetric along the virtual axis, wherein the virtual axis is a virtual axis of symmetry of the first radiator or the second radiator; or, the current generated by the first antenna element is antisymmetric along the virtual axis, and the current generated by the second antenna element is symmetric along the virtual axis. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an even function provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an odd function provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a wire antenna with centrally symmetrical feeding provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a wire antenna provided in the embodiments of this application, which uses eccentric feeding or central antisymmetric feeding.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the slot antenna provided in the embodiments of this application, which uses eccentric feeding or central antisymmetric feeding.

[0040] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of a slot antenna provided in an embodiment of this application using a centrally symmetrical feed.

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a patch antenna provided in an embodiment of this application, which uses a centrally symmetrical feed.

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the patch antenna provided in the embodiments of this application, which uses eccentric feeding or center antisymmetric feeding.

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a slot antenna including a floor, provided in an embodiment of this application, using either eccentric feeding or central antisymmetric feeding.

[0044] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a slot antenna including a floor, provided in an embodiment of this application, using a centrally symmetrical feed.

[0045] Figure 12 These are the four antenna pair combinations provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0046] Figure 13 These are four other combinations of antenna pairs provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0047] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure 100 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0048] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the open gap provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0049] Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional view of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0050] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0051] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0052] Figure 19 yes Figure 14 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure shown.

[0053] Figure 20 It is an antenna structure in which both the first and second antenna elements are centrally symmetrically fed.

[0054] Figure 21 yes Figure 20 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure is shown.

[0055] Figure 22The antenna structure is such that both the first and second antenna elements are fed off on the same side with an eccentric feed.

[0056] Figure 23 yes Figure 22 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure is shown.

[0057] Figure 24 It is an antenna structure in which both the first and second antenna elements adopt opposite-side eccentric feeding.

[0058] Figure 25 yes Figure 24 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure is shown.

[0059] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the asymmetric antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0060] Figure 27 yes Figure 26 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure is shown.

[0061] Figure 28 yes Figure 26 The simulation results of the system efficiency of the antenna structure shown are illustrated.

[0062] Figure 29 yes Figure 26 A schematic diagram of the electric field distribution when the first feed unit in the antenna structure is in operation.

[0063] Figure 30 yes Figure 26 A schematic diagram of the electric field distribution when the second feed unit in the antenna structure is in operation.

[0064] Figure 31 yes Figure 26 The radiation pattern of the first feed unit in the antenna structure shown is in operation.

[0065] Figure 32 yes Figure 26 The radiation pattern of the second feed unit in the antenna structure shown is in operation.

[0066] Figure 33 This is another antenna structure layout scheme provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0067] Figure 34 yes Figure 33 The antenna structure shown and Figure 26 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure is shown.

[0068] Figure 35 yes Figure 33 The antenna structure shown and Figure 26 The diagram shows the isolation of the antenna structure.

[0069] Figure 36 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure 200 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0070] Figure 37 yes Figure 36 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure shown.

[0071] Figure 38 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure.

[0072] Figure 39 yes Figure 38 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure is shown.

[0073] Figure 40 yes Figure 36 The simulation results of the efficiency of the antenna structure shown are illustrated.

[0074] Figure 41 yes Figure 36 A schematic diagram of the electric field distribution when the first feed unit in the antenna structure is in operation.

[0075] Figure 42 yes Figure 36 A schematic diagram of the electric field distribution when the second feed unit in the antenna structure is in operation.

[0076] Figure 43 yes Figure 36 The radiation pattern of the first feed unit in the antenna structure shown is in operation.

[0077] Figure 44 yes Figure 36 The radiation pattern of the second feed unit in the antenna structure shown is in operation.

[0078] Figure 45 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure 300 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0079] Figure 46 yes Figure 45 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure shown.

[0080] Figure 47 The antenna structure uses eccentric feeding for both the first and second antenna elements.

[0081] Figure 48 yes Figure 47 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure is shown.

[0082] Figure 49 yes Figure 45 The simulation results of the efficiency of the antenna structure shown are illustrated.

[0083] Figure 50 yes Figure 45The diagram shows the electric field and current distribution when the first feed unit in the antenna structure is working.

[0084] Figure 51 yes Figure 36 The diagram shows the electric field and current distribution when the second feed unit in the antenna structure is working.

[0085] Figure 52 yes Figure 45 The radiation pattern of the first feed unit in the antenna structure shown is in operation.

[0086] Figure 53 yes Figure 45 The radiation pattern of the second feed unit in the antenna structure shown is in operation. Detailed Implementation

[0087] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0088] It should be understood that in this application, "electrical connection" can be understood as physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the form of connection between different components in a circuit structure through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals, such as copper foil or wires on a printed circuit board (PCB); it can also be understood as electrical conduction through indirect coupling. "Coupling" can be understood as electrical conduction through indirect coupling. Those skilled in the art will understand that coupling refers to the phenomenon where there is close cooperation and mutual influence between the inputs and outputs of two or more circuit elements or electrical networks, and energy is transferred from one side to the other through interaction. "Connection" and "linked" can both refer to a mechanical or physical connection relationship. For example, A connected to B or A linked to B can mean that there are fastening components (such as screws, bolts, rivets, etc.) between A and B, or that A and B are in contact and difficult to separate.

[0089] Antenna radiation pattern: also known as radiation pattern. It refers to the graph showing how the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna's radiated field changes with direction at a certain distance from the antenna. It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular planar radiation patterns passing through the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna.

[0090] Antenna radiation patterns typically have multiple radiating beams. The beam with the highest radiating intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining beams are called side lobes. Among the side lobes, the side lobe in the opposite direction to the main lobe is also called the back lobe.

[0091] Antenna system efficiency: refers to the ratio of the power radiated into space by the antenna (i.e., the power effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the antenna's input power. System efficiency is the actual efficiency after considering antenna port matching; that is, the antenna's system efficiency is the antenna's actual efficiency (i.e., effectiveness).

[0092] Antenna radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated by the antenna into space (i.e., the power effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the active power input to the antenna. The active power input to the antenna equals the antenna's input power minus the power loss. Power loss mainly includes return loss power, ohmic loss power of the metal, and / or dielectric loss power. Radiation efficiency is a measure of an antenna's radiation capability; metal loss and dielectric loss are both factors affecting radiation efficiency.

[0093] Those skilled in the art will understand that efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between it and dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna.

[0094] Antenna return loss: This can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port after passing through the antenna circuit to the transmit power at the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the higher the antenna's radiation efficiency. Conversely, the larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency.

[0095] Antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is one of the S-parameters. S11 represents the reflection coefficient, and this parameter characterizes the antenna's transmission efficiency. The S11 parameter is usually negative. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the antenna return loss, the less energy the antenna reflects back, which means more energy actually enters the antenna, and the higher the antenna's system efficiency. Conversely, the larger the S11 parameter, the greater the antenna return loss, and the lower the antenna's system efficiency.

[0096] It should be noted that in engineering, an S11 value of -6dB is generally used as the standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -6dB, the antenna can be considered to be working normally, or the antenna can be considered to have good transmission efficiency.

[0097] Antenna isolation refers to the ratio of the signal received by one antenna through another to the signal received by the transmitting antenna. Isolation is a physical quantity used to measure the degree of mutual coupling between antennas. Assuming two antennas form a two-port network, the isolation between the two antennas is represented by their S21 and S12 values. Antenna isolation can be expressed using the S21 and S12 parameters. These parameters are typically negative. Smaller S21 and S12 values ​​indicate greater isolation and less mutual coupling between the antennas; larger S21 and S12 values ​​indicate less isolation and greater mutual coupling. Antenna isolation depends on factors such as the antenna radiation pattern, the spatial distance between the antennas, and the antenna gain.

[0098] Ground: Generally refers to at least a portion of any grounding layer, ground plane, or grounding metal layer within an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or at least a portion of any combination of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding components. "Ground" can be used for grounding components within an electronic device. In one embodiment, "ground" can be the grounding layer of a circuit board in an electronic device, or a grounding metal layer formed by a ground plane formed within the frame of the electronic device or a metal film formed beneath the screen. In one embodiment, the circuit board can be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-14-layer board having 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or components separated and electrically insulated by dielectric or insulating layers such as fiberglass or polymers. In one embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a grounding layer, and a trace layer, with the trace layer and grounding layer electrically connected via vias. In one embodiment, components such as display 120, touch screen, input buttons, transmitter, processor, memory, battery 140, charging circuit, system-on-chip (SoC) architecture, etc., may be mounted on or connected to the circuit board; or electrically connected to the trace layers and / or ground layers in the circuit board. For example, an RF source is disposed on a trace layer.

[0099] Any of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding metal layers are made of conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive material may be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate and tin-plated copper, graphite-impregnated cloth, graphite-coated substrates, copper-plated substrates, brass-plated substrates, and aluminum-plated substrates. Those skilled in the art will understand that grounding layers / ground planes / grounding metal layers may also be made of other conductive materials.

[0100] The technical solutions provided in this application are applicable to electronic devices employing one or more of the following communication technologies: Bluetooth (BT) communication technology, Global Positioning System (GPS) communication technology, Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) communication technology, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) communication technology, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) communication technology, Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology, and other future communication technologies. The electronic devices in the embodiments of this application can be mobile phones, tablets, laptops, smart bracelets, smartwatches, smart helmets, smart glasses, etc. Electronic devices can also be cellular phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, in-vehicle devices, electronic devices in 5G networks, or electronic devices in future evolved public land mobile networks (PLMNs), etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto.

[0101] Figure 1 The internal environment of the electronic device provided in this application is illustrated by way of example, with a mobile phone as the example.

[0102] like Figure 1 As shown, the electronic device 10 may include: a cover glass 13, a display screen 15, a printed circuit board (PCB) 17, a housing 19, and a rear cover 21.

[0103] The glass cover 13 can be set close to the display screen 15, and can be mainly used to protect the display screen 15 from dust.

[0104] In one embodiment, the display screen 15 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display, or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, etc., and this application does not limit it.

[0105] The printed circuit board (PCB) 17 can be made of flame-retardant material (FR-4) dielectric substrate, Rogers dielectric substrate, or a hybrid dielectric substrate of Rogers and FR-4, etc. Here, FR-4 is a designation for a flame-retardant material grade, and Rogers dielectric substrate is a type of high-frequency board. A metal layer can be provided on the side of the PCB 17 near the mid-frame 19. This metal layer can be formed by etching metal onto the surface of the PCB 17. This metal layer can be used to ground the electronic components carried on the PCB 17 to prevent electric shock to the user or damage to the equipment. This metal layer can be called a PCB ground plane. Not limited to a PCB ground plane, the electronic device 10 can also have other grounding surfaces, such as a metal mid-frame or other metal planes in the electronic device. Furthermore, multiple electronic components are disposed on the PCB 17, including one or more of a processor, power management module, memory, sensor, SIM card interface, etc., and these electronic components may also have metal on their interior or surface.

[0106] The electronic device 10 may also include a battery, which is not shown here. The battery may be disposed within the middle frame 19, and the battery can divide the PCB 17 into a main board and a sub-board. The main board may be disposed between the edge 11 of the middle frame 19 and the upper edge of the battery, and the sub-board may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the lower edge of the battery. A metal layer may also be disposed inside or on the surface of the battery.

[0107] The mid-frame 19 primarily serves to support the entire device. The mid-frame 19 may include a bezel 11, which can be formed of a conductive material such as metal. The bezel 11 can extend around the periphery of the electronic device 10 and the display screen 15, specifically surrounding the four sides of the display screen 15 to help secure it. In one implementation, the bezel 11, made of metal, can be directly used as the metal bezel of the electronic device 10, forming a metal bezel appearance, suitable for industrial design (ID). In another implementation, the outer surface of the bezel 11 can also be made of a non-metallic material, such as a plastic bezel, forming a non-metallic bezel appearance, suitable for non-metallic ID.

[0108] The back cover 21 can be made of metal or non-conductive material, such as glass or plastic.

[0109] Figure 1 The electronic device 10 is shown only schematically, and the actual shape, size, and construction of these components are not subject to change. Figure 1 Limited. In addition, electronic device 10 may also include devices such as cameras and sensors.

[0110] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, second-generation (2G) mobile communication systems primarily supported voice calls. Electronic devices were simply tools for sending and receiving text messages and voice communication. Wireless internet access was extremely slow because data transmission relied on voice channels. Today, electronic devices are used not only for calls, sending text messages, and taking photos, but also for listening to music online, watching online movies, and real-time video, covering a wide range of applications in people's lives, including calls, entertainment, and e-commerce. Many of these applications require wireless networks for uploading and downloading data. As the demand for high-speed data transmission increases, the requirements for antennas also become more stringent. However, the space available for antennas within electronic devices is limited. With the increasing demand for antennas in fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems, antenna designs with high isolation and multi-band compatibility are becoming increasingly important.

[0111] This application provides an electronic device including an antenna structure. The antenna structure may include a first antenna element and a second antenna element. The operating frequency bands of the first antenna element and the second antenna element are the same or adjacent, and they have good isolation, making it applicable to multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna systems. Furthermore, the radiating elements of the first antenna element and the second antenna element can be arranged parallel and spaced apart, reducing the space occupied by the antenna structure and making it suitable for the increasingly limited internal space of electronic devices.

[0112] It should be understood that the statement in this article that the operating frequency band of the first antenna element and the operating frequency band of the second antenna element are the same (also referred to as, co-frequency) can be understood as any of the following situations:

[0113] The operating frequency bands of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit include the same communication frequency band. For example, if both the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are sub-units in a MIMO antenna system, and both the operating frequency bands of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit include the sub-6G frequency band in 5G, then the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit can be considered to have the same frequency.

[0114] The operating frequency bands of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit partially overlap. For example, the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit includes B35 (1.85-1.91GHz) in LTE, and the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit includes B39 (1.88-1.92GHz) in LTE. Since the operating frequency bands of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit partially overlap, it can be considered that the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit operate at the same frequency.

[0115] It should be understood that the operating frequency bands of the first antenna element and the second antenna element being adjacent can be interpreted as:

[0116] - The operating frequency bands of the first antenna element and the second antenna element are relatively close together. This can be considered as the distance between the starting frequency of the high-frequency band and the ending frequency of the low-frequency band being less than 10% of the center frequency of the high-frequency band. For example, if the operating frequency band of the first antenna element includes B3 (1.71-1.785GHz) in LTE, and the operating frequency band of the second antenna element includes L1 (1578.42±1.023MHz) in GPS, the distance between B3 (1.71-1.785GHz) and L1 (1578.42±1.023MHz) is relatively small. Alternatively, if the operating frequency band of the first antenna element includes B40 (2.3-2.4GHz) in LTE, and the operating frequency band of the second antenna element includes the BT band (2.4-2.485GHz), the distance between B40 (2.3-2.4GHz) and the BT band (2.4-2.485GHz) is relatively small, then the operating frequency bands of the first antenna element and the second antenna element can be considered to be adjacent.

[0117] First, by Figures 2 to 13 The principles involved in this application will be explained. Among them, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an even function provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an odd function provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a wire antenna with centrally symmetrical feeding provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a wire antenna provided in the embodiments of this application, which uses eccentric feeding or central antisymmetric feeding. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the slot antenna provided in the embodiments of this application, which uses eccentric feeding or central antisymmetric feeding. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a slot antenna provided in an embodiment of this application using a centrally symmetrical feed. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a patch antenna provided in an embodiment of this application, which uses a centrally symmetrical feed. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the patch antenna provided in the embodiments of this application, which uses eccentric feeding or center antisymmetric feeding. Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of a slot antenna including a floor, provided in an embodiment of this application, using either eccentric feeding or central antisymmetric feeding. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a slot antenna including a floor, provided in an embodiment of this application, using a centrally symmetrical feed. Figure 12 These are the four antenna pair combinations provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 13 These are four other combinations of antenna pairs provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0118] like Figure 2 As shown, f(x) is an even function, satisfying f(-x) = f(x) from -Xo to +Xo. And as... Figure 3 As shown, g(x) is an odd function, satisfying g(-x) = -g(x) in the interval from -Xo to +Xo. The inner product of the even function f(x) and the odd function g(x) is zero, satisfying the following formula:

[0119]

[0120] We can consider that even functions f(x) and odd functions g(x) are orthogonal.

[0121] Here, w(x) is a weighting function, and in the simplified case, w(x) can be considered as 1.

[0122] The antenna structure provided in this application includes an antenna pair. Utilizing the above principle, the current or electric field distribution of the two antenna elements in the antenna pair is similar to the characteristics of the odd and even functions mentioned above, so that the radiation generated by the two antenna elements has a zero product in the far field (integral orthogonal) and does not affect each other. Therefore, good isolation can be obtained between the two antenna elements.

[0123] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 The diagram shows a line antenna with different feeding methods, where the line antenna extends in the X direction and has a virtual axis in the Y direction.

[0124] like Figure 4 As shown in (a), the wire antenna employs a symmetrical central feed, where the electric field generated on the wire antenna is symmetrically distributed along a virtual axis (e.g., the electric field amplitudes are the same, and the phases are the same), or the current on the wire antenna is symmetrically distributed along the virtual axis (e.g., the currents are in opposite directions). The radiation pattern in the xoy plane generated by this feeding method is shown in Figure [image missing]. Figure 4 As shown in (b) of the diagram.

[0125] It should be understood that a virtual axis can refer to a virtual axis of symmetry of the radiators in an antenna structure, where the lengths or electrical lengths of the radiators on both sides of the virtual axis are equal. Electrical length can be expressed as the ratio of the physical length (i.e., mechanical or geometric length) multiplied by the time it takes for an electrical or electromagnetic signal to travel in a medium to the time required for that signal to travel a distance in free space equal to the physical length of the medium. Electrical length can be expressed by the following formula:

[0126]

[0127] Where L is the physical length, a is the transmission time of the electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium, and b is the transmission time in free space.

[0128] Alternatively, electrical length can also refer to the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, and electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

[0129]

[0130] Where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0131] The term "centrally symmetrical feeding" mentioned in this application can be understood as the connection point (feed point) between the feed unit and the radiator being located at the center of the radiator. In one embodiment, the connection area between the feed unit and the radiator covers the geometric midpoint of the radiator, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator. When the radiator is a slot in a slot antenna, "centrally symmetrical feeding" can be understood as the connection point (feed point) between the feed unit and the side of the slot being located at the center of the side of the slot. For example, the connection area between the feed unit and the side of the slot covers the geometric midpoint of the side of the slot, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the side of the slot. It should be understood that the "midpoint" mentioned in this application is not a strictly mathematical midpoint, but should allow for a certain deviation. The connection point (feed point) between the feed unit and the radiator can also be a region within a certain range near the aforementioned midpoint, for example, a region within a quarter electrical length range away from the midpoint (excluding the position of a quarter electrical length), or a region within a one-eighth electrical length range away from the midpoint, where the electrical length can refer to the electrical length of the radiator.

[0132] like Figure 5As shown in (a), the wire antenna employs either an offset central feed or an anti-symmetrical central feed, resulting in an anti-symmetrical electric field distribution along a virtual axis (e.g., the same amplitude but opposite phase) (opposite phase could be, for example, a 180° phase difference), or an anti-symmetrical current distribution along the virtual axis (e.g., currents in the same direction). The radiation pattern in the xoy plane generated by this feeding method is shown below. Figure 5 As shown in (b) of the diagram.

[0133] The term "eccentric feeding" mentioned in this application can be understood as edge feeding. In one embodiment, the connection point (feed point) between the feeding unit and the radiator is offset from the center of symmetry (virtual axis) of the radiator. In another embodiment, the connection point (feed point) between the feeding unit and the radiator is located at the end of the radiator and within a quarter electrical length (excluding the position of a quarter electrical length) from the end point of the radiator, or it can be within a first electrical length of one-eighth from the end point of the radiator, where the electrical length can refer to the electrical length of the radiator.

[0134] The "center-antisymmetric feeding" mentioned in this application can be understood as the positive and negative poles of the feeding unit being connected to two connection points near the midpoint of the radiator. The signals output from the positive and negative poles of the feeding unit have the same amplitude but opposite phase, for example, a phase difference of 180°±10°.

[0135] Antenna pairs based on the above-described feeding configuration of linear antennas, when the first linear antenna in the antenna pair passes through as follows... Figure 4 As shown in (a), when the first wire antenna is centrally symmetrically fed, wavelength modes of 1, 2, 3...n times (n is a positive integer) can be excited. When the second wire antenna in the antenna pair is eccentrically fed or centrally anti-symmetrically fed, wavelength modes of 1 / 2, 2 / 2, 3 / 2...n / 2 can be excited. Since the first and second wire antennas use different feeding methods, the current and electric field distributions they generate are similar to the characteristics of the odd and even functions mentioned above. This makes the radiation generated by the two antenna elements have a zero product in the far field and do not affect each other. The first and second wire antennas can achieve high isolation within the bandwidth corresponding to the excited modes.

[0136] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 The diagram shows a slot antenna with different feeding methods, where the slot antenna extends in the X direction and has a virtual axis in the Y direction.

[0137] like Figure 6As shown in (a), the slot antenna uses either an off-center feed or a center-antisymmetric feed. The electric field generated by the slot antenna is antisymmetrically distributed along the virtual axis (same amplitude, opposite phase, e.g., 180° phase difference). The radiation pattern in the yoz plane generated by this feeding method of the slot antenna is shown in Figure 1. Figure 6 As shown in (b) of the diagram.

[0138] like Figure 7 As shown in (a), the slot antenna uses a centrally symmetrical feed, and the electric field generated by the slot antenna is symmetrically distributed along the virtual axis (with the same amplitude and phase). The radiation pattern in the yoz plane generated by this feeding method of the slot antenna is shown in Figure 1. Figure 7 As shown in (b) of the diagram.

[0139] Based on the above-described feeding configuration, a slot antenna pair is constructed. When the first slot antenna in the antenna pair passes through, as shown in the example... Figure 6 As shown in (a), when fed eccentrically or centrally antisymmetrically, the first slot antenna can be excited with wavelength modes of 1 / 2, 2 / 2, 3 / 2…n / 2 (n is a positive integer). When the second slot antenna in the antenna pair is centrally symmetrically fed, it can be excited with wavelength modes of 1, 2, 3…n times its original wavelength. Since the first and second slot antennas use different feeding methods, the electric field distribution they produce is similar to the characteristics of the odd and even functions mentioned above. This makes the radiation generated by the two antenna elements have a zero inner product in the far field, so they do not affect each other. The first and second slot antennas can achieve high isolation within the bandwidth corresponding to the excited modes.

[0140] It should be understood that, for Figures 4 to 7 The antenna structure shown can have radiator dimensions based on one operating wavelength (the electrical length of the radiator in a linear antenna is one operating wavelength, or the electrical length of the slot in a slotted antenna is one operating wavelength). The operating wavelength can be considered as the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna structure's operating frequency band, or it can be considered as the wavelength corresponding to the resonance generated by the antenna structure. Because the radiator size is relatively large, increasing the radiating aperture can improve the antenna structure's radiation efficiency; therefore, the above-described antenna structures all have good radiation efficiency bandwidth.

[0141] The technical solutions provided in the above embodiments are not limited to... Figures 4 to 7The antenna structures shown are applicable to other antenna structures as well. In one embodiment, the line antenna includes a straight or bent radiator without slots, and / or a straight or bent radiator with one or more slots. In one embodiment, the line antenna also includes dipoles, patch antennas, and meta-patch antennas (a meta-structure is a metamaterial structure that can replace the original single radiator with multiple closely spaced coupling elements). In one embodiment, the slot antenna includes straight slots, L-shaped slots, or U-shaped slots. In one embodiment, the slot antenna can be a closed-slot slot antenna, an open-slot slot antenna, etc.

[0142] For example, when Figure 4 and Figure 5 When a ground plane is placed below the linear antenna shown, the resulting antenna structure changes from a dipole antenna to a patch antenna. A patch antenna can also be a meta-patch antenna. The current, electric field, and radiation patterns corresponding to different feeding methods are shown below. Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown. Similarly, this also applies to... Figure 6 and Figure 7 The antenna structure shown has a ground plane underneath, and the electric field and radiation patterns corresponding to different feeding methods are as follows. Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown.

[0143] It should be understood that the aforementioned wire antennas or slot antennas can be combined with each other to form antenna pairs, such as... Figure 12 As shown, the antenna elements in an antenna pair can change the distribution of their current or electric field through the feeding method. As long as the current or electric field is orthogonal, a high-isolation antenna pair can be formed.

[0144] like Figure 12 The diagram shows four different combinations of antenna pairs. However, in actual design, the antenna structure is not limited to that shown in the above embodiments. Regardless of whether it is a wire antenna, slot antenna, or other antenna form, or its electrical dimensions (the antenna structure can be designed based on half a wavelength, one wavelength, or three-half a wavelength, etc.), as long as the current or electric field of the antenna elements in the antenna pair is orthogonal (one antenna element is symmetrically distributed, i.e., even function characteristics, and the other antenna element is antisymmetrically distributed, i.e., odd function characteristics), they can be combined to form antenna pairs with high isolation.

[0145] For example, such as Figure 13As shown, both the slot antenna designed for half a wavelength and the slot antenna designed for one-time wavelength are fed using an eccentric feeding method. The electric field generated by the half-wavelength slot antenna is symmetrically distributed, while the electric field generated by the one-time wavelength slot antenna is anti-symmetrically distributed. These two antenna elements can be combined to form a high-isolation antenna pair. Figure 13 (The second line of the middle) and so on, Figure 13 The two double-wavelength antenna structures and two half-wavelength antenna structures shown can be combined to form four different high-isolation antenna pairs. It should be understood that the above technical solutions also apply to antenna structures based on three-half-wavelength and double-wavelength designs, which will not be elaborated upon here. It is important to note that in the antenna design of electronic devices, due to limited internal space, quarter-wavelength antenna structures, such as quarter-wavelength wire antennas with one end grounded and the other open, are generally considered to have a current (or electric field) distribution similar to antisymmetric distribution.

[0146] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure 100 provided in an embodiment of this application, which can be applied to... Figure 1 In the electronic device shown.

[0147] like Figure 14 As shown, the antenna structure 100 includes a first antenna element 110 and a second antenna element 120, and the first antenna element 110 and the second antenna element 120 operate in the same or adjacent frequency bands.

[0148] The first antenna element 110 may include a first slot 111 disposed on the metal layer 130. The second antenna element 120 may include a second slot 121 disposed on the metal layer 130. The first slot 111 and the second slot 121 on the metal layer 130 may be arranged parallel and spaced apart to save the area of ​​the metal layer 130 occupied by the antenna structure 100, making it more suitable for the increasingly limited internal space inside electronic devices. The first slot 111 and the second slot 121 extend in a first direction and are spaced apart in a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction, and the projections of the first slot 111 and the second slot 121 in the second direction at least partially overlap. It should be understood that "extends in a first direction" in this application should be understood as the radiator / slot being straight and the straight shape extending in the first direction, or the radiator / slot being bent and at least a part or all of the bent shape extending in the first direction. "spaced apart in the second direction" in this application should be understood as the first radiator / slot being uniformly spaced apart from the second radiator / slot in the second direction, or being non-uniformly spaced apart. The distance between the first slot 111 and the second slot 121 in the second direction is less than one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength. The first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the first antenna 110. For example, the first wavelength can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the first antenna 110 or the wavelength corresponding to the resonant point of the first antenna 110. The second wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the second antenna 120. For example, the second wavelength can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the second antenna 120 or the wavelength corresponding to the resonant point of the second antenna 120. The first slot 111 includes a first feed point 113, which is located in the central region 114 of the first slot 111 and is used to feed the first antenna element 110. The first feed element 112 is electrically connected to the metal layers on both sides of the first feed point 113 and the first slot 111 to feed the first antenna element 110. The second slot 121 includes a second feed point 123, which is located at one end of the second slot 121 and is used to feed power to the second antenna unit 120. The second feed unit 122 is electrically connected to the metal layers on both sides of the second slot 121 at the second feed point 123 to feed power to the second antenna unit 120.

[0149] In this embodiment, the first antenna element 110 is centrally fed, resulting in a symmetrically distributed electric field. The second antenna element 120 is eccentrically fed, resulting in an antisymmetric electric field. Since the electric fields generated by the first antenna element 110 and the second antenna element 120 are orthogonal (the electric field of the first antenna element is symmetrically distributed, i.e., an even function, while the electric field of the second antenna element is antisymmetrically distributed, i.e., an odd function), the first antenna element 110 and the second antenna element 120 can be combined to form a highly isolated antenna pair.

[0150] It should be understood that, referring to the principle shown in the above embodiments, the second antenna unit 120 can also produce the same effect by adopting a center-antisymmetric feeding method, that is, the second feeding point 123 is set in the central region of the second gap 121, and the second feeding unit 122 is electrically connected to the metal layers on both sides of the second feeding point 123 and the second gap 121 to feed the second antenna unit 120.

[0151] In the above embodiments, the parallel arrangement of the first gap 111 and the second gap 121 can be understood as the length direction of the first gap 111 being approximately parallel to the length direction of the second gap 121. Due to increasingly limited space inside electronic devices, in engineering applications, the first gap 111 and the second gap 121 may be bent (the first gap 111 and the second gap 121 are not necessarily straight lines) to accommodate the internal space of the electronic device. Therefore, the parallelism of the first gap 111 and the second gap 121 can be considered as the angle between the length direction of the first gap 111 and the length direction of the second gap 121 being less than 45°.

[0152] The "central region of the slit" mentioned in this application (e.g., the central region 114 of the first slit 111) can be understood as a region formed at a certain distance from the midpoint of the first slit 111. The midpoint of the first slit 111 can be the geometric center of the first slit 111 (the lengths of the first slits 111 on both sides of the midpoint are the same), or the midpoint of the electrical length of the first slit 111 (the electrical lengths of the first slits 111 on both sides of the midpoint are the same). For example, when the electrical length of the first slit 111 is the first wavelength, its central region 114 can be a region within a quarter of the first wavelength from the midpoint. The "feed point is set in the central region of the slit" mentioned in this application should be understood as the feed point being set in the central region of the slit, and can specifically be set on the side of the slit.

[0153] The term "one end of the slit" (e.g., one end of the second slit 121) mentioned in this application should not be narrowly interpreted as necessarily being a single point. It can also be considered as a slit region on the second slit 121 including the slit endpoint. For example, when the electrical length of the second slit 121 is the second wavelength, one end of the second slit 121 can be considered as a slit region within one-quarter of the second wavelength from the endpoint, or it can be considered as a slit region within 10 mm from the endpoint. The term "feed point is set at one end of the slit" mentioned in this application should be understood as the feed point being set at one end of the slit, and can specifically be set on the side of the slit.

[0154] In one embodiment, the electric field generated by the first antenna element 110 can be symmetrically distributed along a virtual axis, and the electric field generated by the second antenna element 120 can be antisymmetrically distributed along the virtual axis. The virtual axis can be a virtual axis of symmetry of the first slot 111 (the length or electrical length of the first slot 111 on both sides of the virtual axis is the same), or it can be a virtual axis of symmetry of the second slot 121 (the length or electrical length of the second slot 121 on both sides of the virtual axis is the same).

[0155] In one embodiment, the virtual axis of symmetry of the first slot 111 and the virtual axis of symmetry of the second slot 121 are spaced apart in the first direction by a distance less than one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength. As the overall symmetry of the antenna structure increases, the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure improve. For example, the radiator characteristics of the antenna structure are optimal when the virtual axes of symmetry of the first slot 111 and the second slot 121 coincide. However, within electronic devices, the antenna structure needs to be designed in conjunction with the internal space of the electronic device. Therefore, the virtual axes of symmetry of the first slot 111 and the second slot 121 may not necessarily coincide completely. Good isolation can still be maintained between the first antenna element and the second antenna element when the distance between the virtual axes of symmetry of the first and second slots in the first direction is less than one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength.

[0156] In one embodiment, the first slot 111 and the second slot 121 are symmetrical along a virtual axis, meaning that the length or electrical length of the first slot 111 on both sides of the virtual axis is the same, and the length or electrical length of the second slot 121 on both sides of the virtual axis is also the same. It should be understood that as the symmetry of the first slot 111 and the second slot 121 increases, the overall radiation characteristics of the antenna structure 100 improve. However, within an electronic device, the antenna structure needs to be designed in conjunction with the internal space of the electronic device. Therefore, the first slot 111 and the second slot 121 cannot be perfectly symmetrical along the virtual axis. Even when the first slot 111 or the second slot 121 deviates from the virtual axis by one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength, good isolation can still be maintained between the first antenna element 110 and the second antenna element 120. For example, the virtual axis of symmetry of the first slot 111 and the virtual axis of symmetry of the second slot 121 are spaced within one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength.

[0157] In one embodiment, the first power supply unit 112 and the second power supply unit 122 may be different radio frequency channels in the radio frequency chip inside the electronic device.

[0158] In one embodiment, the electrical length of the first slit 111 can be a first wavelength, and the electrical length of the second slit 121 can be a second wavelength, which can correspond to... Figure 12 The second antenna pair in the diagram. It should be understood that the lengths of the first slot 111 and the second slot 121 can be changed using different electronic components while maintaining their electrical lengths. This application uses the example of the first antenna unit 110 and the second antenna unit 120 operating at 3GHz. Since the resonant points generated by the first antenna unit 110 and the second antenna unit 120 are different, the length L1 of the first slot 111 is 82mm and the length L2 of the second slot 121 is 102mm for illustration. The lengths of the first slot 111 and the second slot 121 can be adjusted according to actual production design requirements, or electronic components can be added. Both methods can adjust the resonant frequency bands of the first antenna unit 110 and the second antenna unit 120, and this application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0159] Furthermore, the width L4 of the first gap 111 and the width L5 of the second gap 121 can be adjusted to adjust the resonant frequency band of the first antenna element 110 and the second antenna element 120. This application uses L4 = L5 = 3mm as an example for illustration. It can be adjusted according to actual production design requirements. This application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0160] In one embodiment, the first antenna element 110 and the second antenna element 120 can be positioned very close together to form a co-frequency antenna pair, which can be applied to a MIMO antenna system. This embodiment is illustrated using the first antenna element 110 and the second antenna element 120 operating at 3GHz as an example. The distance between the first slot 111 and the second slot 121 can be less than 10mm. For example, in this embodiment, the distance L3 between the first slot 111 and the second slot 121 is 6.5mm. The distance between the first slot 111 and the second slot 121 can be adjusted according to actual production design requirements, and this application does not impose any limitations on this. It should be understood that the distance L3 between the first slot 111 and the second slot 121 can be considered as the shortest straight-line distance between a point within the first slot 111 and a point within the second slot 121.

[0161] In one embodiment, the first gap 111 and the second gap 121 can be closed gaps, such as... Figure 14 As shown, or, the first gap 111 and the second gap 121 can also be open gaps, such as... Figure 15 As shown, adjustments can be made according to actual production design requirements, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0162] In one embodiment, the first and / or second gaps described above can be formed through hollow portions of any conductive part (e.g., a conductive plate or conductive layer) in the electronic device. It should be understood that the first and / or second gaps in this application can be filled with insulating material.

[0163] In one embodiment, the metal layer 130 may be Figure 1 The metal layer in PCB 17 of the illustrated electronic device can be used as a ground plane in the electronic device, or as a carrier for the first gap 111 and the second gap 121. It should be understood that... Figure 14 The first gap 111 and the second gap 121 shown are for illustrative purposes only. In actual production, the first gap 111 and the second gap 121 can be formed using various different structures. For example, as... Figure 16As shown, a first metal layer 151 can be disposed above the PCB 17 using laser-direct-structuring (LDS) technology. One end of the first metal layer 151 is electrically connected to the PCB 17, and the other end of the first metal layer 151 is also electrically connected to the PCB 17, forming a first gap between the first metal layer 151 and the PCB 17. Specifically, one end of the first metal layer 151 is electrically connected to the second metal layer 152 (ground plane) in the PCB 17, and the other end of the first metal layer 151 is electrically connected to the second metal layer 152 to form a gap 111 (shown in the dashed box in the figure). The first metal layer 151 can be disposed above the support 150 to provide good strength. The second gap 121 can also adopt the same structure, such as... Figure 17 As shown.

[0164] Alternatively, the second gap 121 can be formed by other structures, such as Figure 18 As shown, a second gap 121 can be formed using a portion of the metal frame 160 of the electronic device and the PCB 17. The metal frame 160 is electrically connected to the PCB 17 at a first position 161 and at a second position 162, thereby forming the second gap 121 between the metal frame 160 and the PCB 17. Specifically, the second gap 121 is formed by a second metal layer (ground) in the metal frame 160 and the PCB 17.

[0165] Alternatively, the first and second gaps can be formed by other conductive parts in the electronic device. For example, a gap can be formed between the middle frame of the electronic device and the PCB, or between the display screen of the electronic device and the PCB, or between the display screen of the electronic device and the metal layer set on the bracket, or between the middle frame of the electronic device and the frame. This application does not limit this and any two conductive parts in the electronic device can be used to form the gap.

[0166] Figures 19 to 25 These are antenna structures with different feeding methods and corresponding S-parameter simulation diagrams provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 19 yes Figure 14 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure shown. Figure 20 It is an antenna structure in which both the first and second antenna elements are centrally symmetrically fed. Figure 21 yes Figure 20 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure is shown. Figure 22 The antenna structure is such that both the first and second antenna elements are fed off on the same side with an eccentric feed. Figure 23 yes Figure 22 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure is shown. Figure 24 It is an antenna structure in which both the first and second antenna elements adopt opposite-side eccentric feeding. Figure 25 yes Figure 24 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure is shown.

[0167] It should be understood that the differences in the antenna structures shown in the above embodiments lie only in the feeding method and the length of the slot. Figure 20 22 and Figure 24 In the antenna structures shown, the length of the slots is 82mm, and the rest of the environment is the same. For example, the metal layer used in all antenna structures has the same size: 120mm × 80mm × 0.1mm, with a conductivity of 5.8 × e7 S / m, and the width of the slots is 3mm. For the sake of brevity, this embodiment uses the example where the operating frequency bands of the first antenna element and the second antenna element are the same (the first antenna element and the second antenna element operate at the same frequency). The technical solution provided in this embodiment can also be used where the operating frequency bands of the first antenna element and the second antenna element are adjacent.

[0168] Furthermore, the lengths of the two slots in the antenna structure can be the same or different, and can be adjusted using electronic components. Figure 14 The antenna structure shown has two slots of different lengths, which is only to simplify the antenna structure matching and at the same time enable the two antenna elements to achieve the same frequency.

[0169] like Figure 19 (corresponding to) Figure 14 (The antenna structure shown) Figure 21 (corresponding to) Figure 20 (The antenna structure shown) Figure 23 (corresponding to) Figure 22 (The antenna structure shown) and Figure 25 (corresponding to) Figure 24 As shown in the antenna structure, when the first antenna element and the second antenna element are at the same frequency, only Figure 14 In the antenna structure shown, the isolation (S12, S21) between the first and second antenna elements is greater than 19dB in the same frequency band. The first and second antenna elements can be used in a MIMO antenna system, or as antenna elements operating in the same frequency band (e.g., operating in the WiFi and BT bands respectively). Other antenna structures ( Figure 20 , Figure 22 , Figure 24 The antenna structure shown has different feeding methods, resulting in non-orthogonal electric fields generated by the first and second antenna elements. Therefore, the isolation is poor, both around -5dB.

[0170] It should be understood that, such as Figure 14 and19 As shown, the first antenna element uses a centrally symmetrical feed, and when fed, it can be excited to produce one-wavelength and two-wavelength modes. The second antenna element uses an off-center feed, and when fed, it can be excited to produce half-wavelength, one-wavelength, three-half-wavelength, two-wavelength, and five-half-wavelength modes. Figure 14 In the antenna structure shown, near 3 GHz, the first antenna element and the second antenna element can be made to have the same frequency by using a wavelength-doubled mode of the first antenna element and a wavelength-doubled mode of the second antenna element. Alternatively, near 6.3 GHz, the first antenna element and the second antenna element can be made to have the same frequency by using a wavelength-doubled mode of the first antenna element and a wavelength-doubled mode of the second antenna element.

[0171] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the asymmetric antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0172] It should be understood that, Figure 14 In the antenna structure shown, the first slot 111 and the second slot 121 are symmetrical along a virtual axis, and the first feed point 113 of the first antenna element is located on the virtual axis. In this configuration, good isolation can be achieved. Figure 19 As shown. When the first feed point 113 set on the first slot 111 deviates from the virtual axis (which can be considered as the virtual axis of symmetry of the first slot), the asymmetry of the overall antenna structure can be compensated by shifting the second slot 121 to the same side as the first feed point.

[0173] like Figure 26 As shown, the first feed point 113 is offset to the left by an offset amount D1 of 2.5mm. The asymmetry caused by the offset of the first feed point 113 can be compensated by offsetting the second gap as a whole 121 to the left.

[0174] Figures 27 to 32 This is a schematic diagram of simulation results provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 27 yes Figure 26 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure is shown. Figure 28 yes Figure 26 The simulation results of the total efficiency of the antenna structure shown are presented. Figure 29 yes Figure 26 A schematic diagram of the electric field distribution when the first feed unit in the antenna structure is in operation. Figure 30 yes Figure 26 A schematic diagram of the electric field distribution when the second feed unit in the antenna structure is in operation. Figure 31 yes Figure 26 The radiation pattern of the first feed unit in the antenna structure shown is in operation. Figure 32 yes Figure 26 The radiation pattern of the second feed unit in the antenna structure shown is in operation.

[0175] like Figure 27 As shown, in this case, the first antenna element and the second antenna element can still achieve an isolation of more than 15dB in the same frequency band (S21).

[0176] In practical engineering applications, a completely symmetrical structure is impossible. Therefore, the technical solution provided in this application can adjust the design of the antenna structure according to the actual spatial layout to better adapt to the internal space of electronic devices, while the antenna elements in the antenna structure can still have good isolation.

[0177] like Figure 28 As shown, the system efficiency of both the first antenna element and the second antenna element in the same frequency band is greater than -5dB, indicating high system efficiency.

[0178] like Figure 29 and Figure 30 The diagram shows the electric field distribution corresponding to the resonant points of the first and second antenna elements. Figure 29 As shown, when the first feeding element is powered, the electric field generated by the first antenna element at 3.15 GHz is symmetrically distributed. Figure 30 As shown, when the second feed unit is powered, the electric field generated by the second antenna unit at 3.12 GHz exhibits an antisymmetric distribution. Since the electric fields generated by the first and second antenna units are orthogonal, the isolation between the first and second antenna units is good.

[0179] It should be understood that because the electric fields generated by the first antenna element and the second antenna element are orthogonal, the corresponding radiation patterns differ significantly, such as... Figure 31 and Figure 32 As shown. Meanwhile, as Figure 27 As shown, in the 1GHz-8GHz range, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit have two frequency bands with the same frequency (around 3GHz and around 6.3GHz). For the sake of brevity, only the simulation results around 3GHz are given in the embodiments of this application. The first antenna unit and the second antenna unit will also produce similar effects around 6.3GHz, which will not be described in detail here.

[0180] Figure 33 This is another antenna structure layout scheme provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0181] It should be understood that for slot antennas, the current distribution on the metal layer may be asymmetrical when the feeding unit powers the slot antenna due to the different positions of the slots within the metal layer, thus affecting the radiation characteristics. Therefore, embodiments of this application provide a structure that is not located at the center of the metal layer, which is different from... Figure 26 Compared to the antenna structures shown, the only difference lies in the location of the antenna structure. Figure 33 The antenna structure shown is located at the lower right corner of the metal layer, and its size differs from that of the metal layer. Figure 26 In the antenna structure shown, the dimensions of the metal layer are 120mm × 80mm × 0.1mm, while Figure 33 The dimensions of the middle metal layer are 180mm × 120mm × 0.1mm.

[0182] Figure 34 yes Figure 33 The antenna structure shown and Figure 26 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure is shown.

[0183] like Figure 34 As shown, adjusting the position of the antenna structure did not affect the resonance generated by the first antenna element and the second antenna element.

[0184] Figure 35 yes Figure 33 The antenna structure shown and Figure 26 The diagram shows the isolation of the antenna structure.

[0185] like Figure 35 As shown, adjusting the position of the antenna structure did not affect the isolation between the first antenna element and the second antenna element (S21). The first antenna element and the second antenna element can still maintain good isolation, with an isolation greater than 18dB in the same frequency band.

[0186] Figure 36 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure 200 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0187] It should be understood that in the above embodiments (such as...) Figures 14 to 35 As shown, this is an example of a slot antenna where the first and second antenna elements are one wavelength apart. Figure 12 The second antenna pair is shown. Figure 19As shown, in the above embodiment, the use of a wavelength-doubled mode for the first antenna element and a wavelength-doubled mode for the second antenna element allows the first and second antenna elements to operate at the same frequency. The electric field generated by the centrally symmetrically fed first antenna element is symmetrically distributed, while the electric field generated by the eccentrically fed second antenna element is anti-symmetrically distributed. This ensures that the electric fields generated by the first and second antenna elements are orthogonal, thereby maintaining good isolation between the first and second antenna elements in the same frequency band.

[0188] like Figure 36 As shown, the size of the second slot 221 can be reduced so that the electrical length of the second antenna element 220 is half the second wavelength. By using the one-wavelength mode of the first antenna element 210 and the half-wavelength mode of the second antenna element 220, the first antenna element 210 and the second antenna element 220 can operate at the same frequency. At the same time, the area of ​​the metal layer 230 occupied by the antenna structure 200 can also be reduced.

[0189] It should be understood that for the second antenna element 220, the electric field generated by the half-wavelength slot antenna is symmetrically distributed when it is fed by an off-center feed (the second feed element 222 feeds the second antenna element 220 at one end of the second slot 221). Therefore, to ensure good isolation between the first antenna element and the second antenna element in the same or adjacent frequency bands, the electric field generated by the first antenna element 210 needs to be antisymmetric. The first antenna element 210 needs to be fed by an off-center feed (the first feed element 212 feeds the first antenna element 210 at one end of the first slot 211) to generate an antisymmetric electric field. At the same time, the second feed point 223 electrically connected to the second feed element 222 and the second slot 221, and the first feed point 213 electrically connected to the first feed element 212 and the first slot 211 can be located on the same side of the virtual axis, or on opposite sides of the virtual axis, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0190] Figure 36 The antenna structure shown corresponds to Figure 13 The second antenna pair shown, which is based on a slot antenna designed for half a wavelength and a slot antenna designed for one wavelength, are both fed by an eccentric feeding method. The electric field generated by the slot antenna for half a wavelength is symmetrically distributed, while the electric field generated by the slot antenna for one wavelength is anti-symmetrically distributed. These two antenna elements can be combined to form an antenna pair with high isolation.

[0191] like Figure 36As shown, the electrical length of the first slot 211 can be a first wavelength. The electrical length of the second slot 221 can be half the second wavelength. It should be understood that the first slot 211 and the second slot 221 can be filled with a dielectric material to further reduce the area of ​​the metal layer 230 occupied by the antenna structure 200. This application uses a mixture of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (PC / ABS) as an example, with a dielectric constant (Er) of 3 and a loss tangent (tanθ) of 0.01. This application does not impose limitations on these properties and adjustments can be made according to the actual design.

[0192] This application uses the example of the first antenna unit 210 and the second antenna unit 220 operating at 2.5GHz. Since the first antenna unit 210 and the second antenna unit 220 generate different resonant points, the length L1 of the first gap 211 is 95mm and the length L2 of the second gap 221 is 46mm. The lengths of the first gap 211 and the second gap 221 can be adjusted according to actual production design requirements, or electronic components can be added. The resonant frequency bands of the first antenna unit 210 and the second antenna unit 220 can be adjusted in this way. This application does not limit this.

[0193] Furthermore, the width L4 of the first gap 211 and the width L5 of the second gap 221 can be adjusted to adjust the resonant frequency band of the first antenna element 210 and the second antenna element 220. This application uses L4 = L5 = 2mm as an example for illustration. It can be adjusted according to actual production design requirements. This application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0194] This application describes an embodiment using the first antenna element 210 and the second antenna element 220 operating at 2.5 GHz as an example. The distance between the first slot 211 and the second slot 221 can be less than 10 mm. For example, in this embodiment, the distance L3 between the first slot 211 and the second slot 221 is described as 4 mm. The distance between the first slot 111 and the second slot 121 can be adjusted according to actual production design requirements, and this application does not impose any limitations on this. It should be understood that the distance L3 between the first slot 111 and the second slot 121 can be considered as the shortest straight-line distance between a point in the first slot 111 and a point in the second slot 121.

[0195] Figures 37 to 39 These are antenna structures with different feeding methods and corresponding S-parameter simulation diagrams provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 37 yes Figure 36 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure shown. Figure 38 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure. Figure 39 yes Figure 38 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure is shown.

[0196] like Figure 38 As shown, the first antenna element in the antenna structure uses a centrally symmetrical feed. It should be understood that... Figure 38 and Figure 36 The only difference between the antenna structures shown is the feeding method of the first antenna element; the rest of the environment is the same. For example, all antenna structures use the same metal layer size, which is 160mm×100mm×0.7mm, with a conductivity of 5.8×e7 S / m.

[0197] like Figure 37 and Figure 39 As shown, when the first antenna element and the second antenna element operate in the same or adjacent frequency bands, only Figure 36 In the antenna structure shown, the isolation (S21) between the first antenna element and the second antenna element is greater than 13dB in the same frequency band. The first antenna element and the second antenna element can be applied to a MIMO antenna system, or used as antenna elements in the same frequency band (e.g., operating in the WiFi band and the BT band respectively). Figure 38 The antenna structure shown has a poor isolation level, around -5dB, because the first antenna element is centrally symmetrically fed and the second antenna element is eccentrically fed and the electric field is symmetrically distributed.

[0198] like Figures 36-37 As shown, the first antenna element uses an off-center feed. When the first feed element is powered, it can be excited to produce half-wavelength, double-wavelength, three-half-wavelength, double-wavelength, and five-half-wavelength modes. The second antenna element also uses an off-center feed. When the second feed element is powered, it can be excited to produce half-wavelength and double-wavelength modes. Figure 36 In the antenna structure shown, near 2.5 GHz, the first antenna element and the second antenna element can be made to have the same frequency by using a one-wavelength mode of the first antenna element and a half-wavelength mode of the second antenna element. Alternatively, near 5.2 GHz, the first antenna element and the second antenna element can be made to have the same frequency by using a two-wavelength mode of the first antenna element and a one-wavelength mode of the second antenna element.

[0199] Figures 40 to 44 This is a schematic diagram of simulation results provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 40 yes Figure 36 The simulation results of the efficiency of the antenna structure shown are illustrated. Figure 41 yes Figure 36 A schematic diagram of the electric field distribution when the first feed unit in the antenna structure is in operation. Figure 42 yes Figure 36 A schematic diagram of the electric field distribution when the second feed unit in the antenna structure is in operation. Figure 43 yes Figure 36 The radiation pattern of the first feed unit in the antenna structure shown is in operation. Figure 44 yes Figure 36 The radiation pattern of the second feed unit in the antenna structure shown is in operation.

[0200] like Figure 40 As shown, the system efficiency of both the first and second antenna elements in the same frequency band is greater than -10dB, indicating high system efficiency. Furthermore, within this frequency band, the radiation efficiency of the first and second antenna elements is comparable, with a difference within 1dB, demonstrating similar radiation performance.

[0201] like Figure 41 and Figure 42 The diagram shows the electric field distribution corresponding to the resonant points of the first and second antenna elements. Figure 41 As shown, when the first feed element is fed, the electric field generated by the first antenna element at 2.52 GHz exhibits an antisymmetric distribution. Figure 42 As shown, when the second feed unit is powered, the electric field generated by the second antenna unit at 2.52 GHz is symmetrically distributed. Since the electric fields generated by the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are orthogonal, the isolation between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit is good.

[0202] It should be understood that because the electric fields generated by the first antenna element and the second antenna element are orthogonal, the corresponding radiation patterns differ significantly, such as... Figure 43 and Figure 44 As shown. Meanwhile, as Figure 27 As shown, in the 1GHz-7GHz range, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit have two frequency bands with the same frequency (around 2.5GHz and around 5.2GHz). For the sake of brevity, only the simulation results around 2.5GHz are given in the embodiments of this application. The first antenna unit and the second antenna unit will also produce similar effects around 5.2GHz, which will not be described in detail here.

[0203] Figure 45 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure 300 provided in an embodiment of this application, which can be applied to... Figure 1 In the electronic device shown.

[0204] like Figure 45 As shown, the antenna structure 300 includes a first antenna element 310 and a second antenna element 320, and the first antenna element 310 and the second antenna element 320 operate in the same or adjacent frequency bands.

[0205] The first antenna element 310 may include a slot 311. The second antenna element 320 may include a first radiator 321. The first radiator 321 and the slot 311 may be arranged parallel and spaced apart to save space occupied by the antenna structure 300, making it more suitable for the increasingly limited internal space of electronic devices. The slot 311 and the first radiator 321 extend in a first direction and are spaced apart in a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction, and the projections of the slot 311 and the first radiator 321 in the second direction at least partially overlap. The distance between the slot 311 and the first radiator 321 in the second direction is less than one-quarter of a first wavelength or one-quarter of a second wavelength. The first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the first antenna 310, for example, the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the first antenna 310 or the wavelength corresponding to the resonant point of the first antenna 310. The second wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the second antenna 320, for example, the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the second antenna 320 or the wavelength corresponding to the resonant point of the second antenna 320. The slot 311 includes a first feed point 313, which is located at one end of the slot 311 and is used to feed the first antenna element 310. A first feed element 312 is electrically connected to a conductor on one side of the slot 311 at the first feed point 313 to feed the first antenna element 310. The first radiator 321 includes a second feed point 323, which is located in the central region of the first radiator 321 and is used to feed the second antenna element 320. The second feed element 322 is electrically connected to the first radiator 321 at the second feed point 323 to feed the second antenna element 320.

[0206] In this embodiment, the first antenna element 310 is eccentrically fed, resulting in an antisymmetric electric field. The second antenna element 320 is centrally symmetrically fed, resulting in a symmetrical electric field. Since the electric fields generated by the first antenna element 310 and the second antenna element 320 are orthogonal (the electric field of the first antenna element is antisymmetric, i.e., an odd function characteristic, while the electric field of the second antenna element is symmetrical, i.e., a coupling function characteristic), the first antenna element 310 and the second antenna element 320 can be combined to form a highly isolated antenna pair.

[0207] It should be understood that, referring to the principle shown in the above embodiments, the first antenna unit 310 can also produce the same effect by adopting a center-antisymmetric feeding method. That is, the first feeding point 313 is set in the central region of the slot 311, and the positive and negative poles of the first feeding unit 312 are electrically connected to the metal on both sides of the slot 311 at the first feeding point 313 to feed the first antenna unit 320.

[0208] In the above embodiments, the parallel arrangement of the first radiator 321 and the slot 311 can be understood as the length direction of the first radiator 321 being approximately parallel to the length direction of the slot 311. Due to increasingly limited space inside electronic devices, in engineering applications, the first radiator 321 and the slot 311 may be bent (the first radiator 321 and the slot 311 are not necessarily straight lines) to accommodate the internal space of the electronic device. Therefore, the parallel arrangement of the first radiator 321 and the slot 311 can be considered as the angle between the length direction of the first radiator 321 and the length direction of the slot 311 being less than 45°.

[0209] One end of the slot 311 cannot be narrowly interpreted as necessarily being a point. It can also be considered as a radiating body on the slot 311 including the endpoint. For example, when the electrical length of the slot 311 is the first wavelength, one end of the slot 311 can be considered as a region within one-quarter of the first wavelength from the endpoint, or it can be considered as a region within 10mm from the endpoint. The first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the first antenna element 310. For example, the first wavelength can be the wavelength corresponding to the resonant point of the first antenna element 310, or it can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the first antenna element 310.

[0210] The central region of the first radiator 321 can be understood as the region formed at a certain distance from the midpoint of the first radiator 321. The midpoint of the first radiator 321 can be the geometric center of the first radiator 321 (where the lengths of the first radiators 321 on both sides of the midpoint are the same), or it can be the midpoint of the electrical length of the first radiator 321 (where the electrical lengths of the first radiators 321 on both sides of the midpoint are the same). For example, when the electrical length of the first radiator 321 is one time the second wavelength, its central region can be the region within one-quarter of the second wavelength from the midpoint. The second wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit 320. For example, the second wavelength can be the wavelength corresponding to the resonant point of the second antenna unit 320, or it can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit 320.

[0211] In one embodiment, the gap 311 can be formed using the conductive portion of the frame 360 ​​of the electronic device and the PCB 17. The frame 360 ​​can also be a metal frame. The metal frame 360 ​​is electrically connected to the PCB 17 at a first position 361 and at a second position 362, forming the gap 311 between the metal frame 360 ​​and the PCB 17. Specifically, the metal frame 360 ​​is electrically connected to the ground metal layer of the PCB 17 at the first position 361 and at the second position 362, forming the gap 311 between the ground metal layer and the metal frame 360. It should be understood that the embodiments in this application are only for the sake of brevity and do not limit the formation of the gap 311. For example, the gap 311 can also be provided on any conductive structure (e.g., a conductive sheet or conductive layer) inside the electronic device. In one embodiment, the gap 311 can be provided on the metal layer of the PCB, or it can also be formed by... Figure 16 The method shown is implemented by placing a metal layer above the PCB using LDS (Light Filtering System) and creating gaps in the metal layer. Alternatively, a gap can be formed between the display screen of the electronic device and the PCB, or between the display screen of the electronic device and the metal layer mounted on the bracket, or between the mid-frame and the edge of the electronic device. Similarly, the first radiator 321 can be designed in various ways. For example, it can be implemented using LDS, placed above the PCB, or implemented through part of the metal frame of the electronic device, or implemented through other conductive components within the electronic device, such as an FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit). This application does not limit this and can adjust it according to the internal spatial layout of the electronic device. In one embodiment, the first radiator 321 is a radiator with open ends. For example, both the first and second ends of the first radiator 321 are open ends. In this application, "open end" should be understood as an end that is not grounded. For example, if the first end of the radiator is an open end, it should be understood that a segment of the radiator within a quarter wavelength of the first end has no grounding point.

[0212] In one embodiment, the electric field generated by the first antenna element 310 can be antisymmetrically distributed along a virtual axis, and the electric field generated by the second antenna element 320 can be symmetrically distributed along the virtual axis. The virtual axis can be a virtual axis of symmetry of the slot 311 (the length or electrical length of the slot 311 on both sides of the virtual axis is the same), or it can be a virtual axis of symmetry of the first radiator 321 (the length or electrical length of the first radiator 321 on both sides of the virtual axis is the same).

[0213] In one embodiment, the virtual axis of symmetry of the slot 311 and the virtual axis of symmetry of the first radiator 321 are separated by a distance less than one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength in the first direction. As the overall symmetry of the antenna structure increases, the radiation characteristics of the antenna structure improve. For example, the radiator characteristics of the antenna structure are optimal when the virtual axis of symmetry of the slot 311 and the virtual axis of symmetry of the first radiator 321 coincide. However, within electronic devices, the antenna structure needs to be designed in conjunction with the internal space of the electronic device. Therefore, the virtual axis of symmetry of the slot 311 and the virtual axis of symmetry of the first radiator 321 may not necessarily coincide completely. Even when the distance between the virtual axis of symmetry of the slot and the virtual axis of symmetry of the first radiator in the first direction is less than one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength, good isolation can still be maintained between the first antenna element and the second antenna element.

[0214] In one embodiment, the current generated by the first antenna element 310 can be antisymmetrically distributed along the virtual axis, and the current generated by the second antenna element 320 can be symmetrically distributed along the virtual axis.

[0215] In one embodiment, the slot 311 and the first radiator 321 are symmetrical along a virtual axis, meaning that the lengths or electrical lengths of the slot 311 and the first radiator 321 on both sides of the virtual axis are the same. It should be understood that as the symmetry of the slot 311 and the first radiator 321 increases, the overall radiation characteristics of the antenna structure 300 improve. However, within an electronic device, the antenna structure needs to be designed in conjunction with the internal space of the electronic device. Therefore, the slot 311 and the first radiator 321 cannot be perfectly symmetrical along the virtual axis. Even when the slot 311 or the first radiator 321 deviates from the virtual axis by less than one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength, good isolation can still be maintained between the first antenna element 110 and the second antenna element 120.

[0216] In one embodiment, the electrical length of the slit 311 can be a first wavelength, and the electrical length of the first radiator 321 can be a second wavelength, which can correspond to... Figure 12The third antenna pair in the diagram. It should be understood that the lengths of the slot 311 and the first radiator 321 can be changed by using different electronic components while ensuring that the electrical lengths of the slot 311 and the first radiator 321 remain unchanged. This application uses the example of the first antenna unit 310 and the second antenna unit 320 operating at 2.5 GHz. Since the resonant points generated by the first antenna unit 310 and the second antenna unit 320 are different, the length L1 of the slot 311 is 82 mm and the length L2 of the first radiator 321 is 78 mm for illustration. The lengths of the slot 311 and the first radiator 321 can be adjusted according to actual production design requirements, or electronic components can be added. Both methods can adjust the resonant frequency bands of the first antenna unit 310 and the second antenna unit 320, and this application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0217] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the first radiator 321 is disposed above the PCB 17 via LDS. This application takes the distance between the first radiator 321 and the PCB 17 as 2.8mm as an example for illustration. It can be adjusted according to actual production design requirements, and this application does not impose any restrictions on it.

[0218] In one embodiment, the distance L3 between the slot 311 and the first radiator 321 can be less than one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength. That is, the first antenna unit 310 and the second antenna unit 320 can be placed at a very close distance to form an antenna pair with the same frequency, which can be applied to a MIMO antenna system. This embodiment is illustrated using the first antenna unit 310 and the second antenna unit 320 operating at 2.5 GHz as an example. The distance between the slot 311 and the first radiator 321 can be less than 10 mm. For example, in this embodiment, the distance L3 between the slot 311 and the first radiator 321 is 5 mm. The distance between the slot 311 and the first radiator 321 can be adjusted according to actual production design requirements, and this application does not impose any limitations on this. It should be understood that the distance L3 between the slot 311 and the first radiator 321 can be considered as the shortest straight-line distance between a point within the slot 311 and a point on the first radiator 321.

[0219] Figures 46 to 48 These are antenna structures with different feeding methods and corresponding S-parameter simulation diagrams provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 46 yes Figure 45 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure shown. Figure 47 The antenna structure uses eccentric feeding for both the first and second antenna elements. Figure 48 yes Figure 47 The simulation diagram of the S-parameters of the antenna structure is shown.

[0220] It should be understood that the only difference between the antenna structures shown in the above embodiments is the power supply method, and the rest of the environment is the same. For example, the metal frame size of the electronic device in which all antenna structures are located is the same, which is 158mm×78mm.

[0221] like Figure 46 and Figure 48 As shown, when the first antenna element and the second antenna element are at the same frequency, only Figure 45 In the antenna structure shown, the isolation (S21) between the first antenna element and the second antenna element is greater than 25dB in the same frequency band. The first antenna element and the second antenna element can be applied to a MIMO antenna system, or used as antenna elements in the same frequency band (e.g., operating in the WiFi band and the BT band respectively). Figure 47 The antenna structure shown has poor isolation due to the different feeding methods used, resulting in non-orthogonal electric fields or currents generated by the first and second antenna elements. The worst isolation is around -5dB.

[0222] It should be understood that, such as Figure 45 and 46 As shown, the first antenna element uses an off-center feed, and when fed, it can be excited to produce half-wavelength, double-wavelength, three-half-wavelength, double-wavelength, and five-half-wavelength modes. The second antenna element uses a centrally symmetrical feed, and when fed, it can be excited to produce double-wavelength and double-wavelength modes. Figure 45 In the antenna structure shown, near 2.5 GHz, the first antenna element and the second antenna element can be made to have the same frequency by using a wavelength-doubled mode of the first antenna element and a wavelength-doubled mode of the second antenna element. Alternatively, near 4.8 GHz, the first antenna element and the second antenna element can be made to have the same frequency by using a wavelength-doubled mode of the first antenna element and a wavelength-doubled mode of the second antenna element.

[0223] Figures 49 to 44 This is a schematic diagram of simulation results provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 49 yes Figure 45 The simulation results of the efficiency of the antenna structure shown are illustrated. Figure 50 yes Figure 45 The diagram shows the electric field and current distribution when the first feed unit in the antenna structure is working. Figure 51 yes Figure 36 The diagram shows the electric field and current distribution when the second feed unit in the antenna structure is working. Figure 52 yes Figure 45 The radiation pattern of the first feed unit in the antenna structure shown is in operation. Figure 53 yes Figure 45 The radiation pattern of the second feed unit in the antenna structure shown is in operation.

[0224] like Figure 49 As shown, the system efficiency of both the first and second antenna elements in the same frequency band is greater than -10dB, indicating high system efficiency. Furthermore, within this frequency band, the radiation efficiency of the first and second antenna elements is comparable, with a difference within 1.5dB, demonstrating similar radiation performance.

[0225] like Figure 50 and Figure 51 As shown, the electric field and current distributions corresponding to the resonant points of the first and second antenna elements are displayed.

[0226] like Figure 50 As shown in (a), when the first feed element is fed, the electric field generated by the first antenna element at 2.45 GHz exhibits an antisymmetric distribution. Figure 50 As shown in (b), when the first feed unit is fed, the current generated by the first antenna unit at 2.45 GHz is antisymmetric.

[0227] like Figure 51 As shown in (a), when the second feed unit is powered, the electric field generated by the second antenna unit at 2.45 GHz is symmetrically distributed. Figure 51 As shown in (b), when the second feed unit is powered, the current generated by the second antenna unit at 2.45 GHz is symmetrically distributed.

[0228] Since the electric fields and currents generated by the first antenna element and the second antenna element are orthogonal, the isolation between the first antenna element and the second antenna element is good.

[0229] It should be understood that because the electric fields and currents generated by the first and second antenna elements are orthogonal, their corresponding radiation patterns differ significantly. Figure 52 and Figure 53 As shown. Meanwhile, as Figure 46 As shown, in the 1GHz-7GHz range, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit have two frequency bands with the same frequency (around 2.5GHz and around 4.9GHz). For the sake of brevity, only the simulation results around 2.5GHz are given in the embodiments of this application. The first antenna unit and the second antenna unit will also produce similar effects around 4.9GHz, which will not be described in detail here.

[0230] exist Figure 45 The antenna structure shown is illustrated using a slot antenna and a wire antenna with the first and second antenna elements being one wavelength each as examples. Figure 12 The third antenna pair shown. Figure 46As shown, in the above embodiment, utilizing the wavelength-doubled mode of the first antenna element and the wavelength-doubled mode of the second antenna element allows the first and second antenna elements to operate at the same frequency. The electric field or current generated by the eccentrically fed first antenna element is orthogonal to that generated by the centrally symmetrically fed second antenna element, thereby maintaining good isolation between the first and second antenna elements in the same frequency band. See also... Figure 13 The third antenna pair in the middle can reduce the size of the slot and the first radiator 321, so that the first antenna element and the second antenna element are a slot antenna of half wavelength and a line antenna of half wavelength.

[0231] In this scenario, the first antenna element is fed using an off-center feed method, resulting in a symmetrical electric field distribution generated by the half-wavelength slot antenna. Therefore, to ensure good isolation between the first and second antenna elements in the same frequency band, the electric field generated by the second antenna element needs to be antisymmetric. The second antenna element 210 requires a centrally antisymmetric feed to generate this antisymmetric electric field. The half-wavelength modes of both the first and second antenna elements can be used to achieve the same frequency for both. This also reduces the area of ​​the metal layer occupied by the antenna structure.

[0232] Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0233] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0234] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings, direct couplings, or communication connections may be through some interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units may be electrical or other forms.

[0235] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, characterized in that, The antenna structure includes: A first antenna element, the first antenna element including a first slot and a first feed point; and The second antenna element includes a second slot and a second feed point; Wherein, the first gap and the second gap extend in a first direction and are spaced apart in a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction, and the projections of the first gap and the second gap in the second direction at least partially overlap, the distance between the first gap and the second gap in the second direction is less than one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength, the first wavelength being the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the first antenna element, the second wavelength being the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the second antenna element, and the first operating frequency band of the first antenna element and the second operating frequency band of the second antenna element being the same or adjacent; The first feed point is located in the central region of the first slot, or the first feed point is located at one end of the first slot, and the first feed point is used to feed the first antenna element. The second feed point is located at one end of the second slot, and the second feed point is used to feed the second antenna element; Wherein, when the electrical length of the first slit is the first wavelength and the electrical length of the second slit is the second wavelength, the first feed point is located in the central region of the first slit; when the electrical length of the first slit is half the first wavelength and the electrical length of the second slit is the second wavelength, the first feed point is located at one end of the first slit.

2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first operating frequency band and the second operating frequency band are adjacent if the distance between the start frequency of the first operating frequency band and the end frequency of the second operating frequency band is less than 10% of the center frequency of the first operating frequency band, and the frequency of a frequency point in the first operating frequency band is greater than the frequency of a frequency point in the second operating frequency band.

3. The antenna structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The virtual axis of symmetry of the first slit and the virtual axis of symmetry of the second slit are spaced apart by a distance less than one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength in the first direction.

4. The antenna structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The virtual axis of symmetry of the first gap coincides with the virtual axis of symmetry of the second gap.

5. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first feed point and the second feed point are located on the same side of the virtual axis, which is the virtual axis of symmetry of the first gap or the second gap, and the virtual axis is perpendicular to the first direction.

6. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4, and 5, characterized in that, The distance between the first gap and the second gap in the second direction is less than 10 mm.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device further includes the antenna structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, and further includes: One or more conductive parts; Wherein, the first slot of the first antenna element or the second slot of the second antenna element is any one of the following slots: The gap provided on the conductive part, or the gap formed between at least two of the one or more conductive parts.

8. An antenna structure, characterized in that, The antenna structure includes: A first antenna element, the first antenna element including a slot and a first feed point; and The second antenna element includes a radiator and a second feed point; Wherein, the slit extends from the radiator in a first direction and is spaced apart in a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction, and the projection of the slit and the radiator in the second direction at least partially coincides, the distance between the slit and the radiator in the second direction is less than one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength, the first wavelength being the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the first antenna element, the second wavelength being the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the second antenna element, and the first operating frequency band of the first antenna element and the second operating frequency band of the second antenna element being the same or adjacent; The first feed point is located at one end of the slot, and the first feed point is used to feed the first antenna element; The second feed point is located in the central region of the radiator, or the second feed point is located at one end of the radiator, and the second feed point is used to feed the second antenna element; Wherein, when the electrical length of the slit is the first wavelength and the electrical length of the radiator is the second wavelength, the second feed point is located in the central region of the radiator; when the electrical length of the slit is the first wavelength and the electrical length of the radiator is half of the second wavelength, the second feed point is located at one end of the radiator.

9. The antenna structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The distance between the virtual axis of symmetry of the slit and the virtual axis of symmetry of the radiator in the first direction is less than one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength.

10. The antenna structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The virtual axis of symmetry of the slit coincides with the virtual axis of symmetry of the radiator.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device, comprising the antenna structure as described in any one of claims 8 to 10, further comprises: One or more conductive parts; Wherein, the slot of the first antenna element is any one of the following slots: A gap provided on the first conductive portion of the one or more conductive portions, or a gap formed between at least the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion of the one or more conductive portions.

12. The electronic device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The radiator of the second antenna unit is the third conductive part among the one or more conductive parts, and the radiator is open at both ends.

13. An antenna structure, characterized in that, The antenna structure includes: A first antenna element, the first antenna element comprising a first radiator and a first feed point; and The second antenna element includes a second radiator and a second feed point; Wherein, the first radiator and the second radiator are parallel and spaced apart, the distance between the first radiator and the second radiator is less than one-quarter of the first wavelength or one-quarter of the second wavelength, the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit, the second wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit, and the first operating frequency band of the first antenna unit and the second operating frequency band of the second antenna unit are the same or adjacent. Wherein, when the electrical length of the first radiator is the first wavelength and the electrical length of the second radiator is the second wavelength, the first feed point is located in the central region of the first radiator and the second feed point is located at one end of the second radiator; when the electrical length of the first radiator is half of the first wavelength and the electrical length of the second radiator is the second wavelength, the first feed point is located at one end of the first radiator and the second feed point is located at one end of the second radiator. The electric field generated by the first antenna unit is orthogonal to the electric field generated by the second antenna unit, or the current generated by the first antenna unit is orthogonal to the current generated by the second antenna unit.

14. The antenna structure according to claim 13, characterized in that, The electric field generated by the first antenna element is antisymmetric along a virtual axis, while the electric field generated by the second antenna element is symmetric along the virtual axis, where the virtual axis is the virtual axis of symmetry of either the first or second radiator. The current generated by the first antenna element is anti-symmetrical along the virtual axis, while the current generated by the second antenna element is symmetrical along the virtual axis.

Images