A method for improving edible fungus cultivation efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the efficiency of edible fungus cultivation, and belongs to the technical field of edible fungus production. The invention adds γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel to the cultivation material, stirs, loads, sterilizes, inoculates edible fungus strains, germinates, and produces mushrooms. The invention is mainly used to improve the efficiency of edible fungus cultivation. The method is non-toxic, anti-pollution, has strong water retention performance, and high resource utilization. At the same time, it can effectively improve the unit yield and bioconversion rate of edible fungus cultivation, promote mycelium growth, and shorten the production cycle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus production, and in particular relates to a method for improving edible fungus cultivation efficiency. Background Art

[0002] Edible fungi are rich in nutrients such as protein, polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals, etc., and their amino acid composition is comprehensive, rich in 8 kinds of amino acids necessary for the human body, and are foods with relatively high nutritional value. Some edible fungi (such as shiitake mushrooms, cordyceps sinensis, white mushrooms, etc.) contain functional ingredients such as polysaccharides, which have anti-cancer, antibacterial, antiviral, blood pressure lowering, blood lipid lowering, anti-thrombotic, stomachic and other functions, and are medicinal and edible foods.

[0003] A high humidity environment is a suitable condition for the growth of edible fungi. In nature, edible fungi are mostly produced in forests and grasslands after rain. In order to meet the public's demand for edible fungi, an industrialized edible fungi cultivation technology that simulates natural conditions has been developed. Among them, the culture medium formula and the cultivation process control parameters play an important role in improving the efficiency of edible fungi cultivation. Among the cultivation process control parameters, how to maintain a high humidity environment is a key issue. The current method is to apply water frequently. For some edible fungi that have high humidity requirements, water needs to be applied 2-3 times a day, which is not only labor-intensive, but also water-intensive. Due to the difficulty in controlling humidity, if too much water is applied, the edible fungi are prone to rot and edema; if too little water is applied, the edible fungi will become shriveled and the mushroom production efficiency will be affected.

[0004] The Chinese invention patent with application publication number CN106386169A (application publication date February 15, 2017) discloses a method for growing fresh edible fungi, and proposes that adding gel can prevent rapid evaporation of water and lock the water in the culture medium. Although this method can continuously supply water to the edible fungi, the components of the added gel are polymethacrylate, phenolic resin and other difficult-to-degrade and inedible chemical substances, which turns the edible fungi production residues that were originally reusable into unusable waste. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides a method for improving the cultivation efficiency of edible fungi, which is non-toxic, degradable, pollution-resistant, has strong water-retaining performance and high resource utilization rate, and can effectively improve the yield and bioconversion rate of edible fungi cultivation.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for improving the cultivation efficiency of edible fungi, comprising the following steps:

[0007] The gamma-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel is added to the cultivation material, stirred, loaded, sterilized, and then the edible fungus strains are inoculated, fermented, and mushrooms are produced.

[0008] Furthermore, the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel is at least one of a γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan composite hydrogel, a γ-polyglutamic acid / gelatin composite hydrogel, and a γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan / gelatin composite hydrogel.

[0009] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel to the cultivation material is 0.1-10%;

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel to the cultivation material is 0.5-2%.

[0011] Furthermore, the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel is prepared by the following steps: dissolving chitosan and / or gelatin in a solution, adding γ-polyglutamic acid and / or γ-polyglutamic acid fermentation liquid to obtain the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel.

[0012] Furthermore, the mass ratio of γ-polyglutamic acid to gelatin is 1:0.5-1.5; the mass ratio of γ-polyglutamic acid to chitosan is 1:0.5-1.5;

[0013] The mass ratio of gelatin to γ-polyglutamic acid fermentation broth is 5-10 g:300 mL; the mass ratio of chitosan to γ-polyglutamic acid fermentation broth is 5-10 g:300 mL.

[0014] Furthermore, the sterilization comprises the following steps: high pressure sterilization at 121° C. for 2.0-2.5 h, exhausting at a pressure of 0.05 MPa, keeping warm at a pressure of 0.11 MPa for 90 min, cooling to room temperature, and ending the sterilization.

[0015] Furthermore, the edible fungi include wood-rotting fungi and grass-rotting fungi.

[0016] Furthermore, the wood-rotting fungi include shiitake mushrooms, white mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, and velutipes; the grass-rotting fungi include Agaricus bisporus, brown mushrooms, and straw mushrooms.

[0017] Furthermore, the mushroom production includes at least one of wall-building type, mud-smearing type, shelf type, ground-standing type, soil-covering type, and bottle-growing type.

[0018] Furthermore, the mushroom production includes at least one of a wall-building method and a mud-smearing method.

[0019] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] The method for improving the cultivation efficiency of edible fungi proposed by the present invention applies γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel to edible fungi cultivation. The γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel is non-toxic, degradable, and anti-pollution. It has strong water retention performance, can fix nutrients dissolved in water, absorb nutrients and can achieve slow release, reduce the loss of water and soluble nutrients, effectively improve the water utilization rate during the growth of edible fungi, and promote the growth of edible fungi. At the same time, the degradation products of the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel can also promote mycelial growth and shorten the production cycle. In addition, the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel can also regulate the activity of extracellular degradation enzymes, so that the nutrients in the cultivation material can be more effectively utilized.

[0021] The method for improving the cultivation efficiency of edible fungi proposed in the present invention can reduce the pollution rate, improve the water utilization rate, promote the growth of edible fungi, thereby shortening the cultivation time, and effectively increase the single-stick yield and total yield of edible fungi, with the average single-stick yield increased by nearly one-fold. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a graph showing the change in water content in a cultivation material for Pleurotus eryngii of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the change in water content of the fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the change in water utilization efficiency of Pleurotus eryngii of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 is a graph showing changes in the laccase activity of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a graph showing the change in the activity of the manganese peroxidase of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the spawning and fruiting of the cultivation bag after inoculation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents or devices used in the following examples can be obtained from conventional commercial sources or by existing known methods. The methods used are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0031] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for improving the cultivation efficiency of edible fungi, comprising the following steps:

[0032] The gamma-polyglutamic acid (PGA) composite hydrogel is added to the cultivation material, stirred, loaded, sterilized, and then the edible fungus strains are inoculated, the fungi are fermented, and the mushrooms are produced.

[0033] The method for improving the cultivation efficiency of edible fungi proposed in the embodiment of the present invention is to apply γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel to edible fungi cultivation. The γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel has environmental protection characteristics such as non-toxicity, degradability, and pollution resistance. It has strong water retention performance, can fix nutrients dissolved in water, absorb nutrients and slowly release them, reduce the loss of water and soluble nutrients, effectively improve the water utilization rate during the growth of edible fungi, and promote the growth of edible fungi.

[0034] In addition, γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel can also control the amount of organic matter degradation in the cultivation material during the entire growth period by regulating the activity of various extracellular degradation enzymes, providing more nutrients for the growth of edible fungi mycelium, making the nutrients in the cultivation material more effectively utilized, and enriching nutrients to concentrate on supplying fruiting bodies to promote growth.

[0035] In addition, chitosan, gelatin, and γ-polyglutamic acid are chemically cross-linked to form a composite hydrogel, whose structure is more stable than the raw material monomers. The water storage rate, capacity rate, and water utilization rate of the hydrogel formed by the composite of chitosan, gelatin, and γ-polyglutamic acid are significantly improved compared with the monomers, and the water retention performance is enhanced, which is more conducive to the increase of edible fungi production.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel to the cultivation material is 0.1-10%. Preferably, the mass ratio of the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel to the cultivation material is 0.1-5%. More preferably, the mass ratio of the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel to the cultivation material is 0.5-2%. For example, the mass ratio of the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel to the cultivation material can be 1.5%.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present invention, the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel is at least one of a γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan composite hydrogel, a γ-polyglutamic acid / gelatin composite hydrogel, and a γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan / gelatin composite hydrogel.

[0038] In the embodiment of the present invention, gelatin, chitosan, and γ-polyglutamic acid can all be biologically extracted and are all degradable materials. The γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel prepared therefrom is degradable, safe, and non-toxic, and there is no potential food safety problem when used for edible fungus cultivation. The remaining edible fungus production residues (such as waste mushroom sticks, etc.) can also be reused for the feeding of farm animals, or used as organic fertilizers after composting, so as to realize a circular economy without causing a burden on the environment. In addition, the prices of chitosan and gelatin are lower than those of γ-polyglutamic acid, which reduces the overall cost of the composite hydrogel.

[0039] Specifically, the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel is prepared by the following steps: dissolving chitosan and / or gelatin in a solution, adding γ-polyglutamic acid and / or γ-polyglutamic acid fermentation liquid to obtain the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel.

[0040] When gelatin is used, an aqueous solution is used for dissolution. When chitosan is used, an acetic acid solution is used for dissolution.

[0041] Preferably, the mass ratio of γ-polyglutamic acid to gelatin is 1:0.5-1.5. Preferably, the mass ratio of γ-polyglutamic acid to chitosan is 1:0.5-1.5.

[0042] Preferably, the mass ratio of gelatin to γ-polyglutamic acid fermentation broth is 5-10 g:300 mL. More preferably, the mass ratio of gelatin to γ-polyglutamic acid fermentation broth is 6.3 g:300 mL.

[0043] Preferably, the mass ratio of chitosan to γ-polyglutamic acid fermentation broth is 5-10 g:300 mL. More preferably, the mass ratio of chitosan to γ-polyglutamic acid fermentation broth is 7.5 g:300 mL.

[0044] It should be noted that the γ-polyglutamic acid fermentation broth is prepared by a conventional method, for example, the γ-polyglutamic acid fermentation broth can be prepared by the method disclosed in CN103695485B.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present invention, acetic acid is used to adjust chitosan to be acidic, and then electrostatic attraction is formed with γ-polyglutamic acid to form a three-dimensional network structure. The chitosan, γ-polyglutamic acid and acetic acid work synergistically to promote the growth of edible fungi and increase the yield of edible fungi.

[0046] The preparation method of γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan / gelatin composite hydrogel comprises the following steps:

[0047] Add 5-10g gelatin to 300mL water, stir at 50℃-100℃ until fully dissolved, until the solution is clear; dissolve 6g γ-PGA in the above solution, stir until the solution is clear; (or add 5-10g gelatin to 300mL γ-PGA fermentation broth, stir at 50℃-100℃ until fully dissolved, until the solution is clear;)

[0048] Add 5-10 g of chitosan to the γ-PGA / gelatin solution, stir, slowly drop an appropriate amount of glacial acetic acid until the chitosan is completely dissolved (pH 3.0-5.0), continue stirring for 1-2 minutes to obtain a composite hydrogel.

[0049] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the edible fungus is Pleurotus eryngii, the cultivation material includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10-15 parts of bran, 15-20 parts of corn cobs, 15-25 parts of sawdust, 1-3 parts of lime, and 60-65 parts of water.

[0050] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the edible fungus is Pleurotus ostreatus, the cultivation material comprises the following raw materials in weight: 170 parts of cottonseed hulls, 20 parts of wheat bran, 8 parts of lime, 6 parts of corn flour, and 2 parts of gypsum, and the material-water ratio is 1:1.1 by weight. The pH of the cultivation material is 7.0-7.5.

[0051] In one embodiment of the present invention, the filling is to put the fully mixed planting material into the planting bag.

[0052] In one embodiment of the present invention, sterilization includes the following steps: high pressure sterilization at 121°C for 2.0-2.5h, exhausting at a pressure of 0.05MPa, keeping warm at 0.11MPa for 90min, cooling to room temperature, and ending sterilization.

[0053] In one embodiment of the present invention, the edible fungus strains are introduced under aseptic conditions.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, the germination is to place the inoculated cultivation bag in a dark, dry, ventilated place at room temperature (20-30° C.) for cultivation.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mushroom production includes at least one of a wall-building type, a mud-smearing type, a shelf type, a ground-standing type, a soil-covering type, and a bottle-growing type.

[0056] In one embodiment of the present invention, the edible fungi are artificially cultivated edible fungi. The edible fungi include wood-rotting fungi and grass-rotting fungi. The wood-rotting fungi include shiitake mushrooms, white mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, and golden needle mushrooms. The grass-rotting fungi include button mushrooms, brown mushrooms, and straw mushrooms.

[0057] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0058] Example 1: A method for improving the efficiency of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation

[0059] Test strain: Oyster mushroom Fuzhuang 109, provided by the Edible Fungi Research and Development Center of Tianjin Agricultural College.

[0060] Preparation of mother culture medium: weigh 200g peeled and diced potatoes, 20g glucose, 20g agar powder, 1.5g KH2PO4, 0.5g MgSO4, 1000ml water, cook until crisp but not mushy, let stand until slightly hot and then package, plug with rubber stopper and tie with rope, sterilize under high pressure at 121℃ for 20min, cool to 60℃ after sterilization, take out and place on a slope. Inoculate mother culture of Pleurotus ostreatus (also known as Pleurotus ostreatus) under sterile conditions, culture at a constant temperature of 25℃, and fill the test tube with it for use in 7 days. This test tube is the mother culture of Pleurotus ostreatus in test tube.

[0061] The formula of the cultivation material is: 50% cottonseed hull, 12% bran, 18% corn cob, 20% sawdust, 1.5% lime, 63% water content, pH=7.0-7.5.

[0062] The specific preparation method of the cultivation material is as follows: crush the corn cob into particles of about 1 cm in size, pre-wet it 2.5 hours in advance to make it absorb water and soften, then mix the other raw materials except lime evenly, add water to the material when mixing, stir evenly so that the water can fully penetrate into the material, adjust the moisture content of the culture material to 63%, add lime, adjust the pH to 7, and add 0.1% (w / w) γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan composite hydrogel to obtain the cultivation material.

[0063] The preparation method of γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan composite hydrogel comprises the following steps: dissolving 6 g of γ-PGA in an aqueous solution and stirring until the solution is clear; adding 7.5 g of chitosan to the above γ-PGA solution, stirring, and slowly dripping an appropriate amount of glacial acetic acid until the chitosan is completely dissolved (pH 3.0-5.0), and continuing to stir for 1-2 minutes to obtain the chitosan / γ-PGA composite hydrogel.

[0064] Filling: Stir evenly and put the fully mixed planting material into the planting bag. Keep each bag with the same density, the same amount of material, and moderate tightness. After filling the bag, wipe it clean with a dry cloth and wrap it with a rope.

[0065] Sterilization: Use high-pressure steam sterilization method, sterilize at 121℃ for 2.0-2.5h; exhaust when the pressure reaches 0.05MPa, raise the temperature to 121℃ for 12-15min, keep warm at 0.11MPa for 90min, turn off the switch, take out after sterilization, cool to room temperature for use.

[0066] Inoculation: Select strains with white mycelium, good growth, uniformity and high purity, and inoculate the rejuvenated strains according to the aseptic principle of the clean bench to ensure that the strains are evenly covered on the surface of the culture medium.

[0067] Sterilization: Place the inoculated cultivation bag in a dark, dry, ventilated place at room temperature of 25°C.

[0068] Observation: During the spawning process, the color, thickness, density and uniformity of the hyphae are observed every day to determine the growth situation, and the growth time of the hyphae is measured and recorded. In this experiment, the hyphae are marked on the bag wall after they appear, and the length of the hyphae extension is measured every 3 days, and the hyphae growth rate is calculated. The hyphae are classified according to their color, density, uniformity and growth. The hyphae with uniform, dense, thick and white growth is excellent, indicated by "+++"; the hyphae with dense, thick and milky white color is good, indicated by "++"; the hyphae with sparse, grayish white color is average, indicated by "+".

[0069] Calculation of the yield after fruiting: The final total fruiting amount was compared with the biological efficiency. The germination time, growth potential, density, color, number of days for the mycelium to fill the bags and the number of contaminated bags of Pleurotus ostreatus were used as indicators for analysis, and the results were recorded in Table 1.

[0070] Example 2 The same as Example 1, except that the amount of γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan hydrogel added in the cultivation material preparation step is 1% (w / w). The results are recorded in Table 1.

[0071] Example 3 The same as Example 1, except that the amount of γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan hydrogel added in the cultivation material preparation step is 5% (w / w). The results are recorded in Table 1.

[0072] Example 4 The same as Example 1, except that the amount of γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan hydrogel added in the cultivation material preparation step is 10% (w / w). The results are recorded in Table 1.

[0073] Comparative Example 1 : Same as Example 1, except that no polyglutamic acid / chitosan hydrogel was added.

[0074] Table 1 Mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated with different addition amounts of γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan composite hydrogel

[0075]

[0076] As shown in Table 1, adding polyglutamic acid / chitosan composite hydrogel can significantly reduce the contamination rate, which is crucial for increasing production and reducing costs. With the increase in the amount of gel added, the mycelium grows better, grows denser, and the color does not change. At the same time, the bioconversion rate is significantly improved.

[0077] Example 5: A method for improving the cultivation efficiency of Pleurotus eryngii

[0078] The gamma-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel is added to the cultivation material, stirred, loaded, sterilized, inoculated with edible fungus strains, fermented, and fruited.

[0079] Among them, the edible fungus species is the Pleurotus nebrodensis TN01 strain, provided by Tianjin Agricultural College.

[0080] The cultivation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10-15 parts of bran, 15-20 parts of corn cobs, 15-25 parts of sawdust, 1-3 parts of lime, and 60-65 parts of water. The preparation method of the cultivation material is a conventional method.

[0081] The γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel added to the cultivation material is a γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan composite hydrogel, and the preparation method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0082] The mushroom processing is carried out by wall-building. Figure 6 shown.

[0083] Example 6: A method for improving the cultivation efficiency of Pleurotus nebrodensis

[0084] Same as Example 5, except that the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel is a γ-polyglutamic acid / gelatin composite hydrogel. The preparation method of the γ-polyglutamic acid / gelatin composite hydrogel comprises the following steps: adding 6.3 g of gelatin to 300 mL of water, stirring at 50°C-100°C until fully dissolved, and until the solution is clear. Dissolve 6 g of γ-PGA in the above solution, stir until the solution is clear, and continue stirring for 1-2 minutes to obtain a gelatin / γ-PGA composite hydrogel.

[0085] Example 7: A method for improving the cultivation efficiency of Pleurotus nebrodensis

[0086] Same as Example 5, except that the mushroom fruiting process is carried out by wall building + mud plastering.

[0087] Example 8: A method for improving the cultivation efficiency of Pleurotus nebrodensis

[0088] The same as Example 6, except that the mushroom fruiting process is carried out by wall building + mud plastering.

[0089] Comparative Example 2: A method for improving the cultivation efficiency of Pleurotus nebrodensis

[0090] Same as Example 5, except that no γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel is added.

[0091] Comparative Example 3: A method for improving the cultivation efficiency of Pleurotus nebrodensis

[0092] Same as Example 7, except that no γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel is added.

[0093] Test Example 1:

[0094] For the convenience of comparison, some experimental conditions of Examples 5-8 and Comparative Examples 2-3 are statistically listed in Table 2. The methods of Examples 5-8 and Comparative Examples 2-3 were used to cultivate Pleurotus eryngii, and one wave of mushrooms was harvested respectively. The yield was recorded throughout the process and statistical analysis was performed, and non-experimental factors were kept consistent throughout the entire test process.

[0095] Table 2 Application of different γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogels and different mushroom production treatments

[0096]

[0097] (1) Observe the effect of adding γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel on the growth potential, contamination rate, cultivation time, single stick yield and total yield of Pleurotus nebrodensis

[0098] Table 3 Effects of different γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogels on the growth potential and contamination rate of Pleurotus nebrodensis mycelium

[0099]

[0100] Note: The mycelium growth of each treatment was compared with each other. "+" indicates dense mycelium and strong growth, "++" indicates relatively dense mycelium and strong growth, "+++" indicates very dense mycelium and strong growth, and "++++" indicates the densest mycelium and the strongest growth. Lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

[0101] Table 3 shows the changes in the growth potential and contamination rate of the mycelium of the first wave of Pleurotus nebrodensis after applying different γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogels. It can be seen from Table 3 that the two added γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogels can promote the growth of Pleurotus nebrodensis mycelium, and the group using the γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan composite hydrogel has a stronger growth potential and a relatively lower contamination rate. Therefore, the γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan composite hydrogel has an antibacterial effect, can inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, and can significantly reduce the contamination rate.

[0102] (2) Effect of adding γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel on the cultivation time of Pleurotus nebrodensis

[0103] Table 4 Effects of applying different γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogels on the cultivation time of Pleurotus eryngii

[0104]

[0105] Note: The vaccination day is taken as the first day. Lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

[0106] Table 4 shows the changes in the cultivation time of Pleurotus eryngii after applying different γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogels. As shown in Table 4, adding γ-polyglutamic acid / gelatin composite hydrogel and γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan composite hydrogel to the Pleurotus eryngii cultivation material advances the budding time of Pleurotus eryngii by 6-7 days. The application of γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel promotes the growth of mycelium, reaches physiological maturity faster, and then shortens the ripening period, advances the budding time, and allows more nutrients in the cultivation material to be supplied to the fruiting body growth.

[0107] (3) Observe the effect of adding γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel on the single stick yield and total yield of Pleurotus nebrodensis

[0108] Table 5 Effects of different γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogels and different mushroom processing methods on the yield of Pleurotus nebrodensis

[0109]

[0110] Note: Lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

[0111] As shown in Table 5, the application of γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel significantly increased the average single stick yield of Pleurotus eryngii. The group using γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan composite hydrogel and the group using γ-polyglutamic acid / gelatin composite hydrogel increased by 0.097 kg and 0.091 kg respectively compared with the control group without adding γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel.

[0112] Table 6 Effect of adding γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel on total yield

[0113]

[0114] Note: The yield of the first-wave mushroom and the yield of the second-wave mushroom (ground planting) are calculated based on the yield of a single stick * 130 sticks, and the total yield is the sum of the yield of the first-wave mushroom and the yield of the second-wave mushroom (ground planting).

[0115] As shown in Table 6, no matter which mushroom treatment method is used, the yield of the group with γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel addition is higher than that of the control group, indicating that even in the mushroom production method of wall building + mud smearing, which can retain water, the application of γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel can still increase the yield. During the cultivation of edible fungi, the degradation products of γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel can provide a nitrogen source for the growth of edible fungi, promote the growth of mycelium, make full use of nutrients in the first wave of mushrooms, shorten the production cycle, significantly increase the yield of the first wave of mushrooms, and reduce production inputs.

[0116] (4) Observe the effect of adding γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel on the water content in the cultivation medium of Pleurotus eryngii, the water content of the fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii, and the water use efficiency of Pleurotus eryngii

[0117] Figure 1 The following are the changes in water content in the cultivation medium of Pleurotus eryngii under different treatments. The 0th to 36th day is the mycelium growth stage; the 36th to 84th day is the mycelium maturation stage; the buds begin to appear on the 84th day, the fruiting bodies mature on the 93rd day; and the first wave of mushroom production ends on the 103rd day. Figure 1 It can be seen that in the full bag stage of mycelium growth, the water content of the group with γ-polyglutamic acid / gelatin composite hydrogel added in Example 6 showed an upward trend, while the water content of the control group in Comparative Example 2 and the γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan composite hydrogel group in Example 5 showed a downward trend. From the early stage of mycelium growth to the full bag stage, the water in the cultivation material is consumed in large quantities, and as the mycelium matures and water is replenished in the later stage, the water content in the cultivation material rises again.

[0118] Figure 2 The water content of the fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii under different treatments is changed. The water content of the fruiting body in the γ-polyglutamic acid / gelatin composite hydrogel treatment group is the highest. Combined with Table 5, it can be seen that the application of γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel can ensure the quality of Pleurotus eryngii and increase the yield of Pleurotus eryngii.

[0119] Figure 3 The water utilization efficiency of Pleurotus eryngii under different treatments was changed. The water utilization efficiency of the γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan composite hydrogel treatment group of Example 5 and the γ-polyglutamic acid / gelatin composite hydrogel treatment group of Example 6 was significantly higher than that of the control group 2, reaching 9.63% and 9.20%, respectively, and was 5.63% and 5.20% higher than that of the control group, respectively. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 It can be seen that the application of γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel significantly improves the water utilization efficiency of Pleurotus eryngii. The γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel has the function of absorbing and retaining water, fixing nutrients dissolved in water, absorbing nutrients, and slowly releasing them, reducing the loss of water and soluble nutrients to a certain extent, promoting the growth of Pleurotus eryngii, and improving the water utilization efficiency of Pleurotus eryngii.

[0120] (5) Observe the effect of adding γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel on the activity of extracellular degradation enzymes (laccase and manganese peroxidase) of Pleurotus eryngii

[0121] Under different treatments, the changes of laccase activity are as follows Figure 4As shown. Except for the middle of the ripening period, the enzyme activity of the two groups of γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel treatment groups (Example 5 and Example 6) was lower than that of the control group (Comparative Example 2). The application of γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel reduces the activity of laccase, reduces the decomposition of lignin, makes it more conducive to the growth of fruiting bodies, reduces unnecessary energy loss, and thus enhances the utilization efficiency of lignin.

[0122] Under different treatments, the changes of manganese peroxidase activity are as follows Figure 5 As shown, the peroxidase activity of the control group, comparative example 2, increased slowly during the spawning period and the post-ripening period, and reached the highest level at the budding period. In Example 5 and Example 6, the application of γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel rapidly increased the manganese peroxidase activity in the middle of the post-ripening period, and the consumption of lignin was concentrated in the post-ripening period of mycelium, which promoted the maturation of mycelium, oxidized lignin compounds that were difficult to oxidize, and shortened the post-ripening period.

[0123] The γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel controls the degradation of organic matter in the cultivation medium during the entire growth period by regulating the activity of the extracellular degradation enzymes of the first wave of mushrooms, so that the activity of carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase is increased during the budding period and the first wave of mushroom production, and the ability of Pleurotus nebrodensis to decompose cellulose and hemicellulose is enhanced; the activity of extracellular manganese peroxidase and amylase is increased in the middle of the ripening period, decomposition is carried out in advance, the ripening period is shortened, and the ability of Pleurotus nebrodensis to decompose lignin and starch is enhanced. In this way, more nutrition is provided for the growth of Pleurotus nebrodensis hyphae, the nutrients in the cultivation medium are used more effectively, the nutrients are enriched and concentrated to supply the fruiting bodies, and the fruiting body yield and biological efficiency are improved.

[0124] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the invention without departing from the principles and purpose of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0125] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for improving the cultivation efficiency of edible fungi, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Adding γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel to the cultivation material, stirring, loading, sterilizing, inoculating edible fungi, germinating, and producing mushrooms; Wherein, the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel is at least one of γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan composite hydrogel, γ-polyglutamic acid / gelatin composite hydrogel, and γ-polyglutamic acid / chitosan / gelatin composite hydrogel; The mass ratio of the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel to the cultivation material is 0.1-10%; The γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel is prepared by the following steps: dissolving chitosan and / or gelatin in a solution, adding γ-polyglutamic acid and / or γ-polyglutamic acid fermentation liquid to obtain the γ-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel; wherein, The mass ratio of γ-polyglutamic acid to gelatin is 1:0.5-1.5; The mass ratio of γ-polyglutamic acid to chitosan is 1:0.5-1.5; The mass ratio of gelatin to γ-polyglutamic acid fermentation broth is 5-10 g:300 mL; The mass ratio of chitosan to γ-polyglutamic acid fermentation broth is 5-10 g:300 mL; When gelatin is used, an aqueous solution is used for dissolution; when chitosan is used, an acetic acid solution is used for dissolution.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of the gamma-polyglutamic acid composite hydrogel to the cultivation material is 0.5-2%.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The sterilization comprises the following steps: high pressure sterilization at 121° C. for 2.0-2.5 h, exhausting when the pressure is 0.05 MPa, keeping the temperature at 0.11 MPa for 90 min, cooling to room temperature, and ending the sterilization.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The edible fungi include wood-rotting fungi and grass-rotting fungi.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The wood-rotting fungi include shiitake mushrooms, white mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, and golden needle mushrooms; The grass-rotting fungi include Agaricus bisporus, brown mushrooms, and Volvariella volvacea.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The mushroom production includes at least one of wall-building type, mud-smearing type, shelf type, ground-standing type, soil-covering type, and bottle-growing type.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The mushroom production method includes at least one of a wall-building method and a mud-smearing method.

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