Fixed disc brake for use in a pneumatic brake line of a commercial vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a fixed disc brake for a commercial vehicle air brake pipeline, which comprises a caliper body (1), an inner piston cavity (2) and an outer piston cavity (3) are arranged in the caliper body (1), the inner piston cavity (2) and the outer piston cavity (3) are communicated through an oil channel, a jaw side (6) of the caliper body (1) is used for placing a brake disc, a back side (7) of the caliper body (1) is provided with a columnar connecting column (8), the connecting column (8) is provided with a pressure building cavity (4), the pressure building cavity (4) is provided with a pressurized oil hole (9) in communication with the outer piston cavity (3) or / and the inner piston cavity (2), the pressure building cavity (4) is provided with a push rod (5), one end of the push rod (5) extends outside the caliper body (1) and is used for being connected with a brake cylinder; the push rod (5) can seal sliding relative to an inner wall of the pressure building cavity (4). The caliper has the advantages of brake force balance, fast response, large brake force, no jamming and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of brake calipers, in particular to a fixed disc brake for use in a pneumatic brake pipe of a commercial vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] The fixed caliper disc brake is widely concerned and promoted for its fast braking response, easy lightweight, stable braking, good pedal feeling and other advantages. However, the current fixed caliper brake is generally only suitable for hydraulic brake pipes, and needs to introduce external high-pressure brake fluid to realize braking action and output braking torque during braking. The brake system on a commercial vehicle is a pneumatic brake pipe, and its basic brake is a pneumatic disc brake, which is a floating caliper structure, has the defects of long braking response time and uneven pressure on both sides of the brake disc, and is prone to long braking distance, uneven wear of the friction block and brake noise. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a fixed disc brake for use in a pneumatic brake pipe of a commercial vehicle according to the problems of the prior art.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0005] The fixed disc brake for use in a pneumatic brake pipe of a commercial vehicle comprises a caliper body, an inner piston cavity and an outer piston cavity are arranged in the caliper body, the inner piston cavity and the outer piston cavity are communicated through an oil channel, a caliper opening side of the caliper body is used for placing a brake disc, a columnar connecting column is arranged on a caliper back side of the caliper body, a pressure building cavity is arranged in the connecting column, a pressurizing oil hole is arranged in the pressure building cavity and is communicated with the outer piston cavity or / and the inner piston cavity, a push rod is arranged in the pressure building cavity, one end of the push rod extends outside the caliper body and is used for connecting with a brake cylinder; the push rod can sealably slide relative to an inner wall of the pressure building cavity. The pressure building cavity matches the piston cavity to play a pressurizing role, to ensure rapid and reliable braking, and without causing great changes to the appearance of the caliper body.

[0006] As a preferred, a dynamic skin bowl is mounted on the push rod, a compensation oil hole is arranged on a side wall of the pressure building cavity and is used for connecting to an external oil storage tank, the dynamic skin bowl is in sealing abutment with the side wall of the pressure building cavity, the dynamic skin bowl abuts on the compensation oil hole to cut off the communication between the compensation oil hole and the pressure building cavity; the dynamic skin bowl is formed with a deformation groove; under the action of an external force, the abutment part of the dynamic skin bowl and the side wall of the pressure building cavity can be deformed towards the deformation groove, the dynamic skin bowl is separated from the sealing of the compensation oil hole, and the compensation oil hole and the pressure building cavity are communicated.

[0007] As a preferred, the dynamic skin bowl comprises a mounting ring for sleeving on the push rod and a sealing ring abutting on the inner wall of the pressure building cavity, the deformation groove is formed between the mounting ring and the sealing ring, and the deformation groove is V-shaped.

[0008] As preferred, the static leather bowl is further included, the inner side of the opening end of the pressure building cavity is provided with a stepped surface along the circumference thereof, a limiting ring is arranged on the stepped surface, the static leather bowl is sleeved on the push rod and abuts against the limiting ring, a limiting plate is further sleeved on the push rod and abuts against the end surface of the static leather bowl, and the limiting plate is fixed to the pressure building cavity through the clamping ring arranged on the inner wall of the pressure building cavity.

[0009] As preferred, the push rod comprises a thick shaft part and a thin shaft part, the static leather bowl and the limiting plate are sleeved on the thin shaft part, the thick shaft part is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the pressure building cavity, the end of the thick shaft part is provided with a clamping groove, and the dynamic leather bowl is sleeved in the clamping groove.

[0010] As preferred, a return spring is further included, one end of the return spring abuts against the bottom of the pressure building cavity, the other end of the return spring abuts against the end of the push rod, the bottom of the pressure building cavity is provided with a limiting boss, and the return spring is sleeved on the boss.

[0011] As preferred, the pliers body comprises an inner pliers body and an outer pliers body, the connecting column is in an integrated structure with the inner pliers body and the outer pliers body, one end of the connecting column is connected with the inner pliers body, the other end of the connecting column is connected with the outer pliers body, the connecting column protrudes outward on the back side of the pliers, and the connecting column and the pliers bodies on both sides form an L-shaped space.

[0012] As preferred, the back side of the pliers is provided with an opening, the back side of the friction block is provided with a mounting lug, the mounting lug extends from the opening into the L-shaped space, the corner of the L-shaped space is provided with a fixing seat, the number of the fixing seats is two and they are respectively located on the upper side and the lower side of the opening, a guide rod is mounted on the fixing seat, and the inner friction block and the outer friction block are sleeved on the guide rod through the mounting lug.

[0013] As preferred, a return assembly for returning the inner friction block and the outer friction block is further included, the return assembly comprises a fixing part and a return part; the return part is bent into a spring blade, comprising two support parts for supporting the inner friction block and the outer friction block respectively and a connecting part connecting the two support parts, the connecting part and the support part are bent into a C-shaped opening at the connection position, the outer side of the two C-shaped openings forms a clamping groove in the middle of the connecting part, the fixing part is a C-shaped clamping sleeve, the fixing part is clamped on the connecting column, the middle of the C-shaped clamping sleeve is bent into a fixing sheet through punching, the fixing sheet is mounted in the clamping groove and is fixedly connected with the connecting part; the included angle between the fixing sheet and the side surface of the L-shaped space is an acute angle.

[0014] As preferred, the inner piston cavity and the outer piston cavity are both double-cavity structures, the outer piston cavity comprises cavity one and cavity two, a partition wall is formed between the cavity one and the cavity two, a hole one is arranged on the partition wall to communicate the cavity one and the cavity two, the pressurized oil hole is arranged at the bottom of the pressure building cavity, the pressurized oil hole is communicated with the hole one through a first oil channel, and the first oil channel is L-shaped and partially arranged in the partition wall; the inner piston cavity and the outer piston cavity are communicated through a second oil channel.

[0015] The scheme has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The fixed caliper disc brake designed in the application can realize that the caliper body remains fixed and only the brake piston and related components are in action mode during braking action. The fixed caliper disc brake has the advantages of fast braking response time, short braking distance, equal friction block inner and outer surface pressure, and no problems such as eccentric wear. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the caliper.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the caliper.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a partial enlarged view of Figure 2 .

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal oil circuit.

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the return assembly.

[0022] In the application, 1 is the caliper body, 2 is the inner piston cavity, 3 is the outer piston cavity, 4 is the pressure building cavity, 5 is the push rod, 6 is the caliper mouth side, 7 is the caliper back side, 8 is the connecting column, 9 is the pressurized oil hole, 10 is the dynamic leather bowl, 11 is the compensation oil hole, 12 is the deformation groove, 13 is the mounting ring, 14 is the sealing ring, 15 is the static leather bowl, 16 is the step surface, 17 is the limiting ring, 18 is the limiting plate, 19 is the clamping ring, 20 is the thick shaft part, 21 is the thin shaft part, 22 is the clamping groove, 23 is the return spring, 24 is the limiting boss, 25 is the L-shaped space, 26 is the inner caliper body, 27 is the outer caliper body, 28 is the opening, 29 is the fixed seat, 30 is the guide rod, 31 is the fixed part, 32 is the return part, 33 is the supporting part, 34 is the connecting part, 35 is the C-shaped port, 37 is the clamping sleeve, 38 is the fixed sheet, 39 is cavity one, 40 is cavity two, 41 is the first oil way, 42 is hole one, 43 is the second oil way, and 44 is the partition wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Embodiment 1

[0024] The fixed disc brake used in the air brake pipeline of a commercial vehicle comprises a caliper body 1, the caliper body 1 is provided with an inner piston cavity 2 and an outer piston cavity 3, the inner piston cavity 2 and the outer piston cavity 3 are communicated through an oil way, the caliper mouth side 6 of the caliper body 1 is used for placing a brake disc, the caliper back side 7 of the caliper body 1 is provided with a columnar connecting column 8, and the connecting column 8 is located at the middle position of the caliper back side 7 of the caliper body 1. The connecting column 8 is provided with a pressure building cavity 4, one end of the pressure building cavity 4 is provided with an opening 28, and the opening 28 is used for placing a push rod 5 and a leather bowl and other components.

[0025] The pressure building cavity 4 is provided with a pressurized oil hole 9 communicated with the outer piston cavity 3 or / and the inner piston cavity 2, and the pressurized oil hole 9 is arranged at the bottom of the pressure building cavity 4 in the present scheme. The inner piston cavity 2, the outer piston cavity 3 and the pressure building cavity 4 are all filled with brake fluid before working. The pressure building cavity 4 is provided with a push rod 5, one end of the push rod 5 extends outside the caliper body 1 for connecting with a brake cylinder, and the brake rod can drive the push rod 5 to slide so as to pressurize the hydraulic oil in the pressure building cavity 4 to pressurize the piston; the push rod 5 can seal sliding relative to the inner wall of the pressure building cavity 4, in order to avoid sealing the push rod 5 and avoiding hydraulic oil leakage, the present scheme adopts a dynamic piston and a static piston to realize sealing. The pressure building cavity 4 matches the piston cavity in the present scheme to play a pressurizing role, which ensures rapid and reliable braking, and does not cause great changes to the appearance of the caliper body 1.

[0026] In the present scheme, the push rod 5 is provided with a dynamic cup 10, the side wall of the pressure building cavity 4 is provided with a compensation oil hole 11 connected to an external oil tank, the dynamic cup 10 is in sealing contact with the side wall of the pressure building cavity 4, the dynamic cup 10 is in contact with the compensation oil hole 11 to separate the compensation oil hole 11 and the pressure building cavity 4; the dynamic cup 10 is formed with a deformation groove 12; under the action of external force, the contact part of the dynamic cup 10 and the side wall of the pressure building cavity 4 can be deformed towards the deformation groove 12, the dynamic cup 10 is separated from the sealing of the compensation oil hole 11, and the compensation oil hole 11 and the pressure building cavity 4 are communicated. In the present scheme, when a vacuum appears in the pressure building cavity 4, the brake fluid in the oil tank will be pressed into the pressure building cavity 4 under the action of atmospheric pressure.

[0027] In the present embodiment, the dynamic cup 10 includes a mounting ring 13 for sleeving on the push rod 5 and a sealing ring 14 in contact with the inner wall of the pressure building cavity 4, and the deformation groove 12 is formed between the mounting ring 13 and the sealing ring 14, and the deformation groove 12 is V-shaped.

[0028] In order to realize good sealing, the present scheme adopts double sealing, and further includes a static cup 15, which is closer to the opening 28 end of the pressure building cavity 4 than the dynamic cup 10. The inner side of the opening 28 end of the pressure building cavity 4 is provided with a stepped surface 16 along the circumference thereof, the stepped surface 16 is provided with a limiting ring 17, the static cup 15 is sleeved on the push rod 5 and in contact with the limiting ring 17, and a limiting plate 18 is further sleeved on the push rod 5 and in contact with the end surface of the static cup 15, and the limiting plate 18 is fixed with the pressure building cavity 4 through a clamping ring 19 arranged on the inner wall of the pressure building cavity 4.

[0029] In the embodiment, the push rod 5 comprises a thick shaft part 20 and a thin shaft part 21, the static leather bowl 15 and the limiting plate 18 are sleeved on the thin shaft part 21, the thick shaft part 20 is in contact with the inner wall of the pressure building cavity 4 and slides, the end of the thick shaft part 20 is provided with a clamping groove 22, and the dynamic leather bowl 10 is sleeved in the clamping groove 22. In order to facilitate the quick return of the push rod 5, a return spring 23 is further arranged, one end of the return spring 23 abuts against the bottom of the pressure building cavity 4, the other end abuts against the end of the push rod 5, the bottom of the pressure building cavity 4 is provided with a limiting boss 24, the return spring 23 is sleeved on the boss, and the pressure building oil hole is arranged in the middle of the end face of the boss.

[0030] The pliers body 1 comprises an inner pliers body 26 and an outer pliers body 27, the connecting column 8 is integrated with the inner pliers body 26 and the outer pliers body 27, one end of the connecting column 8 is connected with the inner pliers body 26, the other end is connected with the outer pliers body 27, the connecting column 8 protrudes outward from the back side 7, and the connecting column 8 and the pliers body 1 on both sides form an L-shaped space 25. The back side is provided with an opening 28, the back side 7 of the friction block is provided with a mounting lug, the mounting lug extends outward from the opening 28 and into the L-shaped space 25, the corner of the L-shaped space 25 is provided with a fixing seat 29, the number of the fixing seat 29 is two and is located on the upper side and the lower side of the opening 28 respectively, a guide rod 30 is mounted on the fixing seat 29, and the inner friction block and the outer friction block are sleeved on the guide rod 30 through the mounting lug.

[0031] In the scheme, a return assembly for returning the inner friction block and the outer friction block is further arranged, the return assembly comprises a fixing part 31 and a return part 32; the return part 32 is bent into a spring leaf shape and comprises two support parts 33 for supporting the inner friction block and the outer friction block respectively and a connecting part 34 connecting the two support parts 33, the connecting part 34 and the support part 33 are bent into a C-shaped opening 35 at the connecting position, the outer sides of the two C-shaped openings 35 form a clamping groove 22 in the middle of the connecting part 34, the fixing part is a C-shaped clamping sleeve 37, the fixing part is clamped on the connecting column 8, in order to make the clamping sleeve 37 more fixed, the outer wall of the connecting column 8 and the surface matched with the outer wall are both transition arc surfaces, and the connecting column 8 is provided with a groove structure matched with the clamping sleeve 37. The middle of the C-shaped clamping sleeve 37 is formed into a fixing sheet 38 through punching and bending, the fixing sheet 38 is mounted in the clamping groove 22 and is fixedly connected with the connecting part 34, and a rivet is used for riveting in particular; the included angle between the fixing sheet 38 and the side surface of the L-shaped space 25 is an acute angle.

[0032] In the embodiment, the inner piston cavity 2 and the outer piston cavity 3 are both double-cavity structures, the outer piston cavity 3 comprises a cavity one 39 and a cavity two 40, a partition wall 44 is formed between the cavity one 39 and the cavity two 40, a hole one 42 is arranged on the partition wall 44 and communicates the cavity one 39 and the cavity two 40, the pressure oil hole 9 is arranged at the bottom of the pressure building cavity 4, the pressure oil hole 9 communicates the hole one 42 through a first oil channel 41, and the first oil channel 41 is L-shaped and partially arranged in the partition wall 44; the inner piston cavity 2 and the outer piston cavity 3 are communicated through a second oil channel 43.

[0033] Braking principle:

[0034] When the vehicle issues a braking command, the air chamber outputs a braking force, which is transmitted to the push rod 5. The push rod 5 feeds downward against the elastic force of the return spring 23, compresses the brake fluid in the pressure building chamber 4 to build pressure, and stores elastic potential energy in the return spring 23. Then, the high-pressure brake fluid is transmitted to the inner and outer piston cavities 3 through the oil passage in the caliper body 1, pushing the pistons and the friction blocks to feed toward the brake disc. A rectangular sealing ring is designed in the middle of the piston, which is nested in the sealing groove on the caliper body 1 on the outside and is sleeved on the piston on the inside. As the piston moves outward, the rectangular sealing ring is stretched and deformed, storing elastic potential energy. When the disc gap is eliminated, the friction blocks exert a clamping force on the brake disc. Under the friction between the friction blocks and the brake disc, the braking effect on the brake disc is formed.

[0035] When the vehicle braking command is released, the air pressure in the air chamber is released, and the force of the air chamber on the push rod 5 is released and returns to its original position. The elastic potential energy of the return spring 23 in the push rod 5 is released, and under the action of the spring force, the push rod 5 returns to its original position, and the pressure in the pressure building chamber 4 and the piston cavity is released. The low-pressure brake fluid flows back with the push rod 5. The elastic potential energy of the deformed rectangular sealing ring is released to pull the piston back to its original position, and the elastic potential energy of the return spring is released to push the friction blocks away from the brake disc to return to their original positions, realizing the release of braking.

[0036] Need liquid self-compensation principle:

[0037] As the brake works for a long time, the friction block material will wear out, and the disc gap will increase. During braking, due to the excessive disc gap, the piston will slide relative to the sealing ring to compensate for the disc gap, achieving the function of self-adjusting the disc gap. However, this increases the volume of the piston cavity, resulting in an increase in the amount of liquid required by the caliper body 1 during braking. The force-liquid conversion unit and the air chamber moving parts have relatively stable working displacement, and cannot meet the requirement of more liquid in the piston cavity. Therefore, a need liquid self-compensation structure needs to be designed. A compensation hole is opened on the pressure building chamber 4 of the caliper body 1, which is designed near the dynamic cup 10. An external liquid tank is connected. When the braking command is contacted, the brake fluid in the piston cavity flows back, and the increase in the volume of the piston cavity caused by the self-compensation of the disc gap will form a certain vacuum degree inside, under the action of atmospheric pressure, the brake fluid in the external liquid tank can flow into the pressure building chamber 4 through the compensation hole and push open the outside of the cup, realizing the function of self-compensation of brake fluid.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] The difference from Example 1 is that the brake is a six-piston brake.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] A vehicle is equipped with the above brake.

Claims

1. A fixed disc brake for use in a pneumatic brake pipe of a commercial vehicle, comprising a caliper body (1) in which an inner piston chamber (2) and an outer piston chamber (3) are arranged, characterized in that: The inner piston cavity (2) and the outer piston cavity (3) are communicated through an oil passage, the jaw side (6) of the caliper body (1) is used for placing a brake disc, the back side (7) of the caliper body (1) is provided with a columnar connecting column (8), the connecting column (8) is provided with a pressure building cavity (4) inside, the pressure building cavity (4) is provided with a pressurized oil hole (9) in communication with the outer piston cavity (3) or / and the inner piston cavity (2), the pressure building cavity (4) is provided with a push rod (5), one end of the push rod (5) extends outside the caliper body (1) for connecting with a brake cylinder; the push rod (5) can seal sliding relative to the inner wall of the pressure building cavity (4); The connecting column (8) protrudes outside the back side (7), and the connecting column (8) and the caliper bodies (1) on both sides form an L-shaped space (25); The back side (7) is provided with an opening (28), the back side (7) of the friction block is provided with a mounting lug, the mounting lug extends from the opening (28) into the L-shaped space (25), and the corner of the L-shaped space (25) is provided with a fixing seat (29), the number of the fixing seat (29) is two and is located on the upper side and the lower side of the opening (28) respectively, the fixing seat (29) is provided with a guide rod (30), and the inner friction block and the outer friction block are sleeved on the guide rod (30) through the mounting lug; Further comprising a return assembly for returning the inner friction block and the outer friction block, the return assembly comprises a fixing part (31) and a return part (32); the return part (32) is bent into a spring leaf shape and comprises two support parts (33) for supporting the inner friction block and the outer friction block respectively and a connecting part (34) connecting the two support parts (33), the connecting part (34) and the support part (33) are bent into a C-shaped opening (35) at the connecting position, the outer sides of the two C-shaped openings (35) form a clamping groove (22) in the middle of the connecting part (34), the fixing part is a C-shaped clamping sleeve (37), the fixing part is clamped on the connecting column (8), the middle of the C-shaped clamping sleeve (37) is punched and bent into a fixing sheet (38), the fixing sheet (38) is mounted in the clamping groove (22) and is fixedly connected with the connecting part (34); the included angle between the fixing sheet (38) and the side surface of the L-shaped space (25) is an acute angle.

2. A fixed disc brake for use in a pneumatic brake pipe of a commercial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The push rod (5) is provided with a dynamic leather bowl (10), the side wall of the pressure building cavity (4) is provided with a compensation oil hole (11) for connecting to an external oil storage tank, the dynamic leather bowl (10) is in sealing contact with the side wall of the pressure building cavity (4), the dynamic leather bowl (10) is in contact with the compensation oil hole (11) to cut off the communication between the compensation oil hole (11) and the pressure building cavity (4); the dynamic leather bowl (10) is formed with a deformation groove (12); under the action of an external force, the contact part of the dynamic leather bowl (10) and the side wall of the pressure building cavity (4) can be deformed in the direction of the deformation groove (12), the dynamic leather bowl (10) is separated from the sealing of the compensation oil hole (11), and the compensation oil hole (11) and the pressure building cavity (4) are communicated.

3. A fixed disc brake for use in a pneumatic brake pipe of a commercial vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dynamic leather bowl (10) comprises a mounting ring (13) for sleeving on the push rod (5) and a sealing ring (14) in contact with the inner wall of the pressure building cavity (4), the deformation groove (12) is formed between the mounting ring (13) and the sealing ring (14), and the deformation groove (12) is V-shaped.

4. Fixed disc brake for use in a pneumatic brake line of a utility vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The static leather bowl (15) is sleeved on the push rod (5) and abuts against the limiting ring (17), the limiting plate (18) is further sleeved on the push rod (5) and abuts against the end surface of the static leather bowl (15), and the limiting plate (18) is fixed with the pressure building cavity (4) through the clamping ring (19) arranged on the inner wall of the pressure building cavity (4).

5. A fixed disc brake for use in a pneumatic brake pipe of a commercial vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The push rod (5) comprises a thick shaft part (20) and a thin shaft part (21), the static leather bowl (15) and the limiting plate (18) are sleeved on the thin shaft part (21), the thick shaft part (20) is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the pressure building cavity (4), and the end of the thick shaft part (20) is provided with a clamping groove (22) in which the dynamic leather bowl (10) is sleeved.

6. A fixed disc brake for use in a pneumatic brake pipe of a commercial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The return spring (23) is further arranged, one end of the return spring (23) abuts against the bottom of the pressure building cavity (4), the other end of the return spring (23) abuts against the end of the push rod (5), the bottom of the pressure building cavity (4) is provided with a limiting boss (24), and the return spring (23) is arranged on the boss.

7. A fixed disc brake for use in a pneumatic brake pipe of a commercial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pliers body (1) comprises an inner pliers body (26) and an outer pliers body (27), the connecting column (8) is in an integrated structure with the inner pliers body (26) and the outer pliers body (27), one end of the connecting column (8) is connected with the inner pliers body (26), and the other end of the connecting column (8) is connected with the outer pliers body (27).

8. A fixed disc brake for use in a pneumatic brake pipe of a commercial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner piston cavity (2) and the outer piston cavity (3) are both double-cavity structures, the outer piston cavity (3) comprises cavity one (39) and cavity two (40), a partition wall (44) is arranged between the cavity one (39) and the cavity two (40), a hole one (42) is arranged on the partition wall (44) and communicates the cavity one (39) and the cavity two (40), the pressurizing oil hole (9) is arranged at the bottom of the pressure building cavity (4), the pressurizing oil hole (9) communicates with the hole one (42) through a first oil channel (41), the first oil channel (41) is in an L shape and partially arranged in the partition wall (44), and the inner piston cavity (2) and the outer piston cavity (3) are communicated through a second oil channel (43).

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