An ovt domain data interpolation method and system

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of OVT field data interpolation method and system.The method includes the seismic data of acquisition OVT slice division, the target distance of the seismic trace in the CDP bin in OVT slice to the center of the CDP bin is calculated, and all seismic traces in the CDP bin are sorted based on the size of the target distance of the seismic trace to realize the trace head calibration processing of each OVT slice;After the trace head calibration of each OVT slice, data borrowing interpolation processing is carried out to obtain the seismic data after interpolation, and data borrowing interpolation processing includes: for any OVT slice, detect whether there is no seismic trace in the CDP bin of the OVT slice, if there is, obtain the conjugate OVT slice of the OVT slice, and interpolate from a seismic trace in the corresponding CDP bin of the conjugate OVT slice.In the present application, the problem that the accuracy of interpolated seismic data is not high due to the dependence on adjacent seismic trace of the same OVT slice to fill the hole for interpolation in the prior art can be solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration data processing, and particularly relates to an OVT domain data interpolation method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous depth of seismic exploration and the higher standard requirements of exploration targets, application of wide-azimuth seismic exploration has become the mainstream direction of the development of seismic exploration technology. In recent years, high-density wide-azimuth seismic data processing technology has been widely applied, and processing based on offset vector tile (OVT) has become the basic process of wide-azimuth data processing. In a cross arrangement, a plurality of small rectangles are obtained by dividing the shot line distance and the receiver line distance at equal intervals, each small rectangle is an OVT, and the size of the OVT is determined by the shot line distance and the receiver line distance. Each OVT is composed of shot points within a limited range along the shot line and receiver points within a limited range along the receiver line, the OVT has a limited range of offset and azimuth, and the number of OVTs generated by a cross arrangement is equal to the number of coverages. After marking each OVT with a number, in the cross arrangement formed by all shot lines and receiver lines, the set of all OVTs with the same number in the same OVT piece constitutes an OVT tile. The distribution of reflection points on each OVT tile on the theoretical observation system collected seismic data is uniform, but the influence of the field construction environment inevitably causes the problem of empty channels in the OVT tile.

[0003] In the prior art, there is an OVT interpolation method for seismic data with empty channels, but the current OVT interpolation method is mainly for data regularization and interpolation expansion. For example, the Chinese invention patent application file with the application publication number CN111352158A discloses a seismic signal enhancement method and device, in which the empty channel seismic data existing in the OVT trace set seismic data is subjected to interpolation operation, and the empty channel is solved by relying on the seismic traces around the same OVT tile. However, the amplitude frequency and the like of the interpolated seismic trace are determined by the adjacent seismic traces and the interpolation parameters, and there is a certain risk in amplitude and frequency. In summary, the current related technology relies on the adjacent seismic traces of the same OVT tile to realize interpolation to fill the empty hole, so that the difference between the interpolated data and the true data is large, which affects the subsequent geological exploration effect. SUMMARY

[0004] The application provides an OVT domain data interpolation method and system, which is used to solve the problem that the prior art relies on the adjacent seismic traces of the same OVT tile to realize interpolation to fill the empty hole, so that the accuracy of the interpolated seismic data is not high.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the application provides an OVT domain data interpolation method, which comprises the following steps: 1) acquiring seismic data, converting the acquired seismic data to an OVT domain, performing OVT slice division in the OVT domain, and each OVT slice comprising a plurality of CDP bins; 2) performing trace head calibration processing on each OVT slice, wherein the trace head calibration comprises the following steps: for any OVT slice, calculating the target distance of each seismic trace in each CDP bin to the center of the CDP bin, sorting all seismic traces in the CDP bin according to the size of the target distance of the seismic trace, and calibrating the respective sorting result of each seismic trace to the respective trace head, thereby realizing the calibration of the seismic trace in each CDP bin of each OVT slice; and 3) performing data borrowing interpolation processing on each OVT slice after the trace head calibration, so as to obtain interpolated seismic data, wherein the data borrowing interpolation processing comprises the following steps: for any OVT slice, detecting whether there is a CDP bin without a seismic trace, if there is, acquiring a conjugate OVT slice of the OVT slice, and borrowing a seismic trace from the corresponding CDP bin of the conjugate OVT slice for interpolation processing.

[0006] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: based on the seismic data, a plurality of OVT slices are obtained, if it is determined that there is no seismic trace in the CDP bin of the OVT slice (i.e., the OVT slice has an empty trace), a conjugate OVT slice of the OVT slice is acquired, and a seismic trace from the corresponding CDP bin of the conjugate OVT slice is borrowed as the data of the empty trace of the OVT slice, so as to achieve the purpose of interpolation. Since the data of the conjugate OVT slice is closer to the data of the original OVT slice, the interpolation processing is performed by using the data in the conjugate OVT slice, thereby improving the accuracy of the interpolated seismic data, and solving the problem that the existing technology relies on the adjacent seismic traces of the same OVT slice to realize interpolation to fill the empty hole, so that the accuracy of the interpolated seismic data is not high.

[0007] Further, in order to better improve the accuracy of the interpolated seismic data, the application provides an OVT domain data interpolation method, which further comprises that the seismic trace borrowed from the corresponding CDP bin of the conjugate OVT slice is the nearest seismic trace to the bin center.

[0008] Further, in order to know the distance of different seismic traces to the bin center, the application provides an OVT domain data interpolation method, which further comprises that in step 2), the sorting is performed in an ascending order or a descending order according to the size of the target distance of each seismic trace.

[0009] Further, in order to remove noise from the seismic data, the application provides an OVT domain data interpolation method, which further comprises that in step 1), the acquired seismic data is preprocessed and then converted to the OVT domain, and the preprocessing comprises at least one of the following processing modes: deconvolution, residual static correction, and spherical divergence compensation.

[0010] Further, in order to better remove noise from the seismic data, the application provides an OVT domain data interpolation method, which further comprises performing spatial amplitude smoothing and frequency division noise suppression processing on the preprocessed seismic data.

[0011] Further, in order to accurately obtain the target distance, the application provides an OVT domain data interpolation method, which further comprises that the target distance satisfies: OFF lci represents the target distance of the ith trace of the cth CDP bin of the lth main survey line, BIN lcx represents the x-coordinate of the bin center point of the cth CDP bin of the lth main survey line, CMP lcy represents the y-coordinate of the bin center point of the cth CDP bin of the lth main survey line, CMP lcix represents the actual x-coordinate of the ith trace of the cth CDP bin of the lth main survey line, CMP lciy represents the actual y-coordinate of the ith trace of the cth CDP bin of the lth main survey line.

[0012] Further, in order to better reduce the number of empty traces, the application provides an OVT domain data interpolation method, which further comprises, in step 3), if the selected OVT slice does not have seismic traces in a CDP bin and the conjugate OVT slice corresponding to the OVT slice does not have seismic traces in the CDP bin, then interpolating using the data of the seismic traces around the CDP bin.

[0013] The application also provides an OVT domain data interpolation system, which comprises a memory and a processor, and the processor is used to execute instructions stored in the memory to realize the OVT domain data interpolation method described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the OVT domain data interpolation method of the application;

[0015] Figure 2 is a plan position diagram of the division of multiple OVT slices before processing in the application;

[0016] Figure 3 is a plan position diagram of the division of multiple OVT slices before processing in the application; Figure 2 is a plan position diagram of an OVT slice in

[0017] Figure 4 is a plan position diagram of an OVT slice in Figure 3

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[0019] Figure 6 is a main survey line seismic trace graph of the OVT slice before interpolation by borrowing;

[0020] Figure 7 is a main survey line seismic trace graph of the OVT slice after interpolation by borrowing; Figure 6 corresponding to the OVT slice;

[0021] Figure 8 is a stacked profile graph of all OVT slices before interpolation;

[0022] Figure 9 is a stacked profile graph of all OVT slices after interpolation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and technical effects of the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] Embodiment of OVT domain data interpolation method:

[0025] The embodiment provides an OVT domain data interpolation method. In the embodiment, the OVT domain data interpolation method comprises the following steps: acquiring seismic data, converting the acquired seismic data to an OVT domain, performing OVT slice division in the OVT domain, each OVT slice comprising a plurality of CDP bins; performing trace head calibration processing on each OVT slice; and performing data borrowing interpolation processing on each OVT slice after the trace head calibration, to obtain interpolated seismic data. The OVT domain data interpolation method according to the embodiment can solve the problem that the prior art relies on adjacent seismic traces of the same OVT slice to realize interpolation to fill in holes, so that the accuracy of the interpolated seismic data is not high.

[0026] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the OVT domain data interpolation method of the present application. The specific process is as follows:

[0027] Step one: acquiring seismic data and performing OVT slice division.

[0028] Specifically, in step one, the acquired seismic data is converted to an OVT domain, and OVT slice division is performed in the OVT domain. The seismic data can be original data in seismic acquisition data. The seismic data can be, but is not limited to, three-dimensional seismic data acquired by a controllable seismic source in the Gaodashanshan area.

[0029] In the embodiment, the acquired seismic data can be seismic data in a common middle point (CMP) gather. The CMP gather seismic data can be denoted as D1. The CMP gather seismic data D1 is sorted into an OVT domain to obtain OVT domain gather seismic data. The OVT domain gather seismic data can be denoted as D2. The OVT domain gather seismic data D2 is split into a plurality of OVT slice seismic data of a full area according to the same numbering of the OVT. The number of the OVT slices can be N. Each OVT slice seismic data can be denoted as D 2-1 2-2 ……D 2-N , where N is a non-zero natural number.

[0030] For the embodiment, the OVT slice seismic data D1, D2, …, DN-1 and DN can be obtained by the following steps. Figure 2 is a plan position map of the plurality of OVT slices before processing in the embodiment. Figure 2 In the plan position map, the horizontal coordinate represents the number (off nbx) of the OVT slice in the X direction, and the vertical coordinate represents the number (off nby) of the OVT slice in the Y direction. Figure 3 is a plan position map of one OVT slice in the Figure 2 . Figure 3 In the plan position map, the horizontal coordinate represents the actual horizontal coordinate of the seismic data, and the vertical coordinate represents the actual vertical coordinate of the seismic data. Taking seismic data acquired by a controllable seismic source in a certain high sand mountain area as an example, the CMP gather seismic data D1 of the area is acquired, the CMP gather seismic data D1 is divided into N OVT slices to obtain the plan position map of the N OVT slices shown in Figure 2 , one OVT slice in the Figure 2 is selected to obtain the plan position map of the one OVT slice shown in Figure 3 . It can be seen from Figure 3 that there is a hole in part of the bin of the OVT slice.

[0031] In the embodiment, the acquired seismic data can be preprocessed before being converted into the OVT domain. The preprocessing can include at least one of data decoding, observation system definition, deconvolution, residual static correction, and spherical divergence compensation. Thus, the noise of the seismic data can be preliminarily removed.

[0032] In the embodiment, the preprocessed seismic data can also be subjected to spatial amplitude smoothing and frequency division noise suppression processing before being converted into the OVT domain. Thus, the noise of the seismic data can be further removed, the suppression of the "black triangle" noise can be completed, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data can be improved.

[0033] Step two: OVT slice trace head calibration is performed.

[0034] ​In step two, trace header calibration is performed on each OVT bin. Each OVT bin includes a plurality of CDP (common depth point) bins. Each CDP bin includes seismic traces. The number of seismic traces in a CDP bin can be one or more. There can be a CDP bin without seismic traces. No trace header calibration is performed on a CDP bin without seismic traces.

[0035] Specifically, the trace header calibration includes selecting any OVT bin, selecting any CDP bin from the selected OVT bin, and calculating a target distance of each seismic trace in the selected CDP bin to the bin center of the selected CDP bin. The target distance satisfies: where OFF lci represents the target distance of the ith trace of the cth CDP bin of the lth inline, BIN lcx represents the x-coordinate of the bin center of the cth CDP bin of the lth inline, BIN lcy represents the y-coordinate of the bin center of the cth CDP bin of the lth inline (i.e., inline), CMP lcix represents the actual x-coordinate of the ith trace of the cth CDP bin of the lth inline, CMP lciy represents the actual y-coordinate of the ith trace of the cth CDP bin of the lth inline. The target distance OFF lci of each seismic trace is saved in the respective trace header to achieve trace header information calibration of the seismic trace. Thus, the target distance can be accurately obtained.

[0036] In step two, the trace header calibration further includes sorting all seismic traces in the CDP bin based on the size of the target distance OFF lci of each seismic trace. The sorting can be in ascending order from small to large based on the size of the target distance OFF lci of each seismic trace, or in descending order from large to small based on the size of the target distance OFF lci of each seismic trace. Thus, the distance of different seismic traces to the bin center can be obtained.

[0037] In step two, the sorting result of each seismic trace can be saved (i.e., calibrated) in the respective trace header of the seismic trace. The calibrated seismic trace can be represented by COV i . COV i represents the ith trace of the cth CDP bin of the lth inline. Thus, the respective sorting result of each seismic trace is calibrated to the respective trace header.

[0038] In step two, the selected OVT bin is calibrated by the above-mentioned trace header calibration method, and the selected OVT bin is calibrated by the above-mentioned trace header calibration method. Thus, the calibration of the seismic trace in each CDP bin of each OVT bin can be realized. The seismic data of each OVT bin after calibration can be represented by D 3-1 , D 3-2 ……D 3-N .

[0039] In this embodiment, the trace header calibration of each CDP bin of each OVT bin can be performed synchronously or sequentially.

[0040] Step three: perform OVT bin interpolation.

[0041] Specifically, in step three, the data of each OVT bin after calibration generated in step two is subjected to data borrowing interpolation processing to obtain interpolated seismic data. The data borrowing interpolation processing includes an empty trace confirmation step and a borrowing interpolation step.

[0042] In the empty trace confirmation step, for any OVT bin, it is determined whether there is a seismic trace COV i in each CDP bin of the OVT bin. If not, the corresponding CDP bin has no seismic trace (i.e., there is a CDP bin without seismic trace). Thus, the determination of the empty trace can be realized.

[0043] In the borrowing interpolation step, for the OVT bin with empty trace, the conjugate OVT bin of the OVT bin is obtained, and a seismic trace is borrowed from the corresponding CDP bin of the conjugate OVT bin for interpolation processing. Specifically, the conjugate OVT bin of each OVT bin with empty trace is selected based on conjugacy, and the corresponding CDP bin is obtained from the conjugate OVT bin. For this embodiment, Figure 4 is the plan view of the conjugate OVT bin corresponding to the OVT bin shown in Figure 3 . Figure 4 The horizontal coordinate represents the actual horizontal coordinate of the seismic data, and the vertical coordinate represents the actual vertical coordinate of the seismic data. From Figure 4 it can be seen that there is a hole (i.e., there is a bin without seismic trace) in the bin of the conjugate OVT bin, and the hole position is not the same as that in Figure 3 . The data of a seismic trace in the corresponding CDP bin of the conjugate OVT bin is selected as the data of the empty trace of the original OVT bin to realize the borrowing interpolation from the corresponding CDP bin of the conjugate OVT bin.

[0044] In the present embodiment, since all the seismic traces of each CDP bin in the OVT panel have been sorted in step two, the sorting of the seismic traces of each CDP bin in the screened conjugate OVT panel has been completed. In the present embodiment, the seismic trace borrowed from the corresponding CDP bin in the conjugate OVT panel is the seismic trace closest to the bin center in the CDP bin. For example, if ascending order arrangement is performed in step two, the seismic trace COV i The smaller i in the seismic trace COV cpi is, the closer it is to the bin center. The seismic trace with i = 1 is the seismic trace closest to the bin center. For the acquired conjugate OVT panel, if the seismic traces of each CDP bin in the conjugate OVT panel are denoted as COV cpi , the closer the seismic trace COV cpi with i = 1 is to the bin center of each CDP bin in the conjugate OVT panel, the data of the seismic trace with i = 1 is selected as the data of the empty trace of the original OVT panel (i.e. the CDP bin without seismic trace in the original OVT panel). Thus, the interpolation of 1 trace from the data of the conjugate CDP bin is realized when the CDP bin has no seismic trace, ensuring that the bin has seismic trace. Thus, the interpolation of trace from the conjugate OVT panel can be better realized.

[0045] In the present embodiment, if the selected OVT panel has a CDP bin without seismic trace, and the corresponding CDP bin of the conjugate OVT panel of the OVT panel has no seismic trace, the data of the seismic traces around the CDP bin can be used for interpolation. Thus, the number of empty traces can be better reduced.

[0046] In the present embodiment, the seismic data of each OVT panel after the interpolation of trace can be respectively denoted as D 4-1 , D 4-2 , …, D 4-N .

[0047] For the present embodiment, Figure 5 is the seismic trace reflection point plan view of the OVT panel after the interpolation of trace based on D Figure 3 and D Figure 4 . Figure 5 The horizontal coordinate in the present embodiment represents the actual horizontal coordinate of the seismic data, and the vertical coordinate represents the actual vertical coordinate of the seismic data. Figure 6 is the seismic trace plan view of a main survey line of the OVT panel before the interpolation of trace by the present application; Figure 7 is the seismic trace plan view of the corresponding OVT panel main survey line after the interpolation of trace by the present application. Figure 6 is the seismic trace plan view of a main survey line of the OVT panel before the interpolation of trace by the present application; Figure 6 and Figure 7 The horizontal coordinate in the present embodiment represents the CDP bin, and the vertical coordinate represents the time. The unit of time is second. Figures 2 to 5It can be seen that after the interpolation process, the number of void elements in the OVT chip is significantly reduced compared to the previous method. Figure 3 The number of void elements in the model is reduced to some extent. (Through comparison...) Figure 6 and Figure 7 It can be seen that after interpolation via a bypass, Figure 7 The OVT chip has more data and a significantly reduced number of voids. This further demonstrates that the OVT domain data interpolation method in this embodiment can reduce the size of voids on the OVT chip.

[0048] Step 5: Subsequent OVT domain processing.

[0049] In step five, based on the OVT chip obtained in step four, the data is processed in the OVT domain.

[0050] For the purposes of this embodiment, Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view superimposed before interpolation of all OVT sheets; Figure 9 This is a superimposed cross-sectional view after interpolation of all OVT sheets. Figure 8 and Figure 9 The horizontal axis represents CDP cells, and the vertical axis represents time. The unit of time is seconds. Based on Figure 8 and Figure 9 A comparison of the areas within the middle frame reveals that... Figure 9 In-phase axis continuity relative to Figure 8 More continuous. Therefore, it can be further demonstrated that the OVT domain data interpolation method in this embodiment can reduce the size of voids on the OVT chip.

[0051] Based on the OVT domain data interpolation method of this embodiment, the acquired seismic data is divided into OVT slices in the OVT domain. The target distance from the seismic trace within the CDP element of the OVT slice to the center of the CDP element is calculated, and all seismic traces in the CDP element are sorted according to the target distance to achieve the trace head calibration of the OVT slice. If there is a CDP element in the calibrated OVT slice without a seismic trace, the conjugate OVT slice of the OVT slice is obtained, and a seismic trace is borrowed from the corresponding CDP element of the conjugate OVT slice as the data of the empty trace of the OVT slice to achieve the purpose of interpolation. Since the data of the conjugate OVT slice is closer to the data of the original OVT slice, the accuracy of the interpolated seismic data is improved by using the data in the conjugate OVT slice for interpolation. This solves the problem that the existing technology relies on adjacent seismic traces in the same OVT slice to fill the gaps, resulting in low accuracy of the interpolated seismic data. In addition, through calibration, sorting, and borrowing interpolation, the size of the gaps (i.e., the gaps in the reflection points of the elements) on the OVT slice is reduced, which is beneficial to the subsequent processing of OVT. The OVT domain data interpolation method in this embodiment can be applied to the data processing of OVT domain seismic data, and can effectively overcome the large-area gap problem existing in the prior art.

[0052] An embodiment of an OVT domain data interpolation system is disclosed.

[0053] An embodiment of an OVT domain data interpolation system is disclosed. Through the OVT domain data interpolation system, the OVT domain data interpolation method introduced in the method embodiment of the present application can be realized.

[0054] In this embodiment, the OVT domain data interpolation system comprises a processor and a memory. The processor is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to realize the OVT domain data interpolation method in the method embodiment of the present application. The OVT domain data interpolation method has been described in detail in the above method embodiment. For those skilled in the art, computer instructions can be generated according to the OVT domain data interpolation method to obtain the OVT domain data interpolation system, which will not be described here. The memory is configured to store the computer instructions generated according to the OVT domain data interpolation method.

[0055] The OVT domain data interpolation system based on this embodiment can solve the problem that the prior art relies on adjacent seismic traces of the same OVT slice to realize interpolation to fill in the holes, so that the accuracy of the interpolated seismic data is not high.

Claims

1. An OVT domain data interpolation method, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: 1) acquiring seismic data, converting the acquired seismic data to an OVT domain, performing OVT binning in the OVT domain, and each OVT bin comprising a plurality of CDP bins; 2) performing trace header calibration processing on each OVT bin, the trace header calibration comprising: for any OVT bin, calculating, for each CDP bin in the OVT bin, a target distance of a seismic trace in the CDP bin to the center of the CDP bin, sorting all seismic traces in the CDP bin based on the size of the target distance of the seismic trace, and each seismic trace calibrating its own sorting result to its own trace header, thereby realizing the calibration of the seismic traces in each CDP bin of each OVT bin; 3) performing data borrowing interpolation processing on each OVT bin after the trace header calibration, to obtain interpolated seismic data, the data borrowing interpolation processing comprising: for any OVT bin, detecting whether there is a CDP bin without a seismic trace, if there is, obtaining a conjugate OVT bin of the OVT bin, and interpolating a seismic trace from the corresponding CDP bin of the conjugate OVT bin.

2. The OVT domain data interpolation method of claim 1, wherein, The seismic trace borrowed from the corresponding CDP bin of the conjugate OVT bin is the seismic trace closest to the center of the CDP bin.

3. The OVT domain data interpolation method of claim 1 or 2, wherein, In step 2), the sorting is performed in ascending order or descending order based on the size of the target distance of each seismic trace.

4. The OVT domain data interpolation method of claim 1 or 2, wherein, In step 1), the acquired seismic data is preprocessed and then converted to the OVT domain, the preprocessing comprising at least one of the following processing modes: deconvolution, residual static correction, and spherical divergence compensation.

5. The OVT domain data interpolation method of claim 4, wherein, The preprocessed seismic data is subjected to spatial amplitude smoothing and frequency division noise suppression processing.

6. The OVT domain data interpolation method of claim 1 or 2, wherein The target distance satisfies: Where OFF lci represents the target distance of the ith trace of the cth CDP bin of the lth main survey line, BIN lcx represents the x coordinate of the bin center point of the cth CDP bin of the lth main survey line, CMP lcy represents the y coordinate of the bin center point of the cth CDP bin of the lth main survey line, CMP lcix represents the actual x coordinate of the ith trace of the cth CDP bin of the lth main survey line, CMP lciy represents the actual y coordinate of the ith trace of the cth CDP bin of the lth main survey line.

7. The OVT domain data interpolation method of claim 1 or 2, wherein, In step 3), if the selected OVT bin has a CDP bin without a seismic trace, and the corresponding CDP bin of the obtained conjugate OVT bin also has no seismic trace, interpolation is performed using the data of the seismic traces around the CDP bin.

8. An OVT domain data interpolation system, comprising: The method comprises the following steps: a memory and a processor, the processor being configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to implement the OVT domain data interpolation method of any one of claims 1-7.

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