A method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans. Specifically, it includes the following steps: (1) Directional regulation of soil microorganisms; (2) Intercropping of sunflowers and soybeans; (3) After harvesting sunflowers and soybeans, the sunflower straws and soybean straws are crushed and returned to the field in zones; (4) Planting ecological restoration grass in autumn; (5) Exchanging the planting areas of sunflowers and soybeans every year; (6) Mowing the ecological restoration grass in spring and no-till planting; (7) Soil nutrient determination and organic supplementation. The present invention intercrops sunflowers and soybeans to construct a resource-efficient population structure, making them form layers in height and rows alternately, fully utilizing resources such as light energy, water, and soil, and directionally regulating soil microorganisms to promote biological nitrogen fixation of soybeans and efficient utilization of nutrients by sunflowers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans. Background Art

[0002] Intercropping and relay cropping are to plant two or more crops in rows or strips at intervals in the same field. Intercropping and relay cropping can make full use of light energy and heat energy in terms of time and space, improve the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients by crops, improve the utilization efficiency of soil moisture, reduce pest and disease damage and continuous cropping obstacles, and increase crop yields and farmland productivity.

[0003] Among them, the intercropping and relay cropping planting methods of sunflowers and other crops have been recognized and adopted by farmers in many sunflower production areas, bringing significant economic benefits to agricultural production. Intercropping sunflowers and soybeans can increase the planting area of soybeans, effectively utilize the land, and achieve the purpose of increasing production and efficiency. However, in order to grow products with good quality and high yields, various organic and inorganic chemical fertilizers are usually applied and a large amount of pesticides are sprayed, resulting in the accumulation of their remaining components in the soil, causing the soil to lose its self-purification ability. At the same time, the long-term use of chemical fertilizers such as nitrogen and phosphorus will damage the soil structure, cause soil compaction, degradation of arable land soil, shallowing of the plough layer, and decline in water and fertilizer retention capacity, bringing great obstacles to crop growth. However, the research focus in the existing technology only lies in the improvement of planting patterns, and there is a lack of methods for improving the soil itself. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans, which can significantly improve soil fertility and increase the quantity and abundance of microorganisms in the soil under the efficient planting mode of sunflowers and soybeans.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Directional regulation of soil microorganisms;

[0008] (2) Intercropping soybeans and sunflowers;

[0009] (3) After harvesting sunflowers and soybeans, crush the sunflower straws and soybean straws and return them to the field, apply a decomposing agent, and then carry out rotary tillage and rolling after harrowing;

[0010] (4) Plant ecological restoration grass in autumn;

[0011] (5) Exchange the planting areas of sunflowers and soybeans every year;

[0012] (6) Mow the ecological restoration grass in spring;

[0013] (7) Soil nutrient determination and organic supplementation.

[0014] Preferably, the soil microorganism directional regulation in step (1) refers to applying a special microbial directional regulation agent for sunflowers in the sunflower planting strip, including: 8-12 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 7-11 parts of Paenibacillus polymyxa, 5-8 parts of silicate bacteria, 5-9 parts of Bacillus circulans, 50-60 parts of modified coal gangue, 24-30 parts of biochar, 18-22 parts of wheat bran, 16-20 parts of chicory residue, and 300-400 parts of water;

[0015] In the soybean planting strip, apply a special microbial directional regulation agent for soybeans, including: 10-14 parts of rhizobia, 5-9 parts of Pseudomonas putida, 2-6 parts of Pseudomonas, 24-30 parts of biochar, 14-18 parts of starch, 25-29 parts of cottonseed meal, and 300-400 parts of water.

[0016] Preferably, two rows of sunflowers and four rows of soybeans in step (2) form an intercropping strip.

[0017] Preferably, in step (2), the row spacing of sunflower planting is 50-60 cm, the plant spacing is 55-65 cm; the row spacing of soybean planting is 35-45 cm, the plant spacing is 15-25 cm; the spacing between the sunflower and soybean planting strips is 30-40 cm.

[0018] Preferably, the preparation method of the modified coal gangue is: mix the crushed coal gangue with lime, aluminum chloride, and calcium oxide and then calcine to obtain the modified coal gangue.

[0019] Preferably, the mass ratio of the coal gangue to lime, aluminum chloride, and calcium oxide is: 57-63:13-17:4-6:7-9.

[0020] Preferably, the calcination temperature is 740-840 °C and the time is 2.5-3.5 h.

[0021] Preferably, the preparation method of the special microbial directional regulation agent for sunflowers is:

[0022] a. Mix Bacillus megaterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa, silicate bacteria, water, Bacillus circulans, and biochar to obtain mixture 1;

[0023] b. Mix mixture 1 with modified coal gangue and filter to obtain the filtrate;

[0024] c. Mix the filtrate, wheat bran, and chicory residue to obtain the special microbial directional regulation agent for sunflowers.

[0025] Preferably, the preparation method of the special microbial directional regulation agent for soybeans is:

[0026] A. Mix biochar, starch and cottonseed meal to obtain Mixture 1;

[0027] B. Mix rhizobia, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas bacillus and Mixture 1 to obtain the specific microbial directional control agent for soybeans.

[0028] Preferably, the composting agent in step (3) is pig manure, cow manure, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris and basidiomycetes; the mass ratio of pig manure, cow manure, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris and basidiomycetes is 200 - 300:200 - 300:3 - 5:2 - 4:4 - 8:1 - 2:3 - 7.

[0029] Preferably, the ecological restoration grass planted in autumn in step (4) is to immediately drill and plant annual triticale and other ecological restoration grasses after the crop is harvested, so as to form a plant cover layer on the ground surface before the soil freezes, reducing wind erosion in winter and spring.

[0030] Preferably, in step (5), the planting areas of sunflowers and soybeans are swapped every year, and the central positions of the strips of two rows of sunflowers and four rows of soybeans are swapped, while the intercropping ratio of sunflowers and soybeans of 2:4 remains unchanged.

[0031] Preferably, the ecological restoration grass mowed and no - till planted in spring in step (6) means that the ecological restoration grass is mowed before spring sowing, with a stubble height of 10 - 25 cm, and then sunflowers and soybeans are no - till planted according to the intercropping ratio.

[0032] Preferably, the soil nutrient determination and organic supplementation in step (7) means that the physical and chemical property indexes such as soil organic matter are measured once every 3 years, and if the organic matter decreases, organic fertilizers are timely applied for supplementation.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The present invention inter - crops sunflowers and soybeans, reasonably collocating the crop population, making them form layers in height and rows alternately, fully utilizing resources such as light energy, water, and soil. By adding a modifier, the types and abundances of microorganisms in the soil are increased. Also, the straws of sunflowers and soybeans are returned to the field, and with the use of the composting agent, the straws are quickly decomposed, increasing the organic matter content in the soil and improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

[0035] 2. The straw composting agent added in the present invention has good synergistic degradation effect among strains. After preparing the composting agent, the present invention first conducts composting treatment on it, which not only increases the content of beneficial bacteria in the composting agent but also degrades macromolecules such as fibers in the livestock and poultry manure of the composting agent, releasing the nutrients in the livestock and poultry manure.

[0036] 3. The present invention modifies coal gangue to have a porous structure. Then, the present invention mixes biochar, bacterial strains, and an aqueous phase, adsorbs the bacterial strains in the biochar, and then adds the modified coal gangue. The adsorbed biochar is adsorbed in the coal gangue, making the coal gangue a carrier for adsorbing bacterial strains and contributing to the reproduction of beneficial bacteria. Detailed implementation mode

[0037] The present invention provides a method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans, comprising the following steps:

[0038] (1) Directional regulation of soil microorganisms;

[0039] (2) Intercropping soybeans and sunflowers;

[0040] (3) After harvesting sunflowers and soybeans, crush the sunflower straws and soybean straws and return them to the field. Apply a decomposing agent, and then carry out rotary tillage and rolling after harrowing;

[0041] (4) Plant ecological restoration grass in autumn;

[0042] (5) Exchange the planting areas of sunflowers and soybeans every year;

[0043] (6) Mow the ecological restoration grass in spring;

[0044] (7) Soil nutrient determination and organic supplementation.

[0045] In the present invention, the directional regulation of soil microorganisms in step (1) refers to applying a special microbial directional regulation agent for sunflowers in the sunflower planting strip, including: 8-12 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 7-11 parts of Paenibacillus polymyxa, 5-8 parts of silicate bacteria, 5-9 parts of Bacillus circulans, 50-60 parts of modified coal gangue, 24-30 parts of biochar, 18-22 parts of wheat bran, 16-20 parts of chicory residue, and 300-400 parts of water; preferably 10 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 9 parts of Paenibacillus polymyxa, 7 parts of silicate bacteria, 7 parts of Bacillus circulans, 55 parts of modified coal gangue, 27 parts of biochar, 20 parts of wheat bran, 18 parts of chicory residue, and 350 parts of water.

[0046] In the soybean planting strip, apply a special microbial directional regulation agent for soybeans, including: 10-14 parts of Rhizobium, 5-9 parts of Pseudomonas putida, 2-6 parts of Pseudomonas, 24-30 parts of biochar, 14-18 parts of starch, 25-29 parts of cottonseed meal, and 300-400 parts of water; preferably 12 parts of Rhizobium, 7 parts of Pseudomonas putida, 4 parts of Pseudomonas, 27 parts of biochar, 16 parts of starch, 27 parts of cottonseed meal, and 350 parts of water.

[0047] In the present invention, in step (2), two rows of sunflowers and four rows of soybeans form an intercropping strip.

[0048] In the present invention, in step (2), the row spacing for sunflower planting is 50 - 60 cm, and the plant spacing is 55 - 65 cm; preferably, the row spacing is 55 cm and the plant spacing is 60 cm.

[0049] In the present invention, in step (2), the row spacing for soybean planting is 35 - 45 cm, and the plant spacing is 15 - 25 cm; preferably, the row spacing for soybean planting is 37 - 43 cm, and the plant spacing is 17 - 23 cm; further preferably, the row spacing for soybean planting is 39 - 41 cm, and the plant spacing is 19 - 21 cm; more preferably, the row spacing for soybean planting is 40 cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm.

[0050] In the present invention, in step (2), the spacing between the sunflower and soybean planting belts is 30 - 40 cm; preferably, it is 32 - 38 cm; further preferably, it is 34 - 36 cm; more preferably, it is 35 cm.

[0051] In the present invention, the preparation method of the modified coal gangue is: mixing the crushed coal gangue with lime, aluminum chloride, and calcium oxide, and then calcining to obtain the modified coal gangue.

[0052] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the coal gangue to lime, aluminum chloride, and calcium oxide is: 57 - 63:13 - 17:4 - 6:7 - 9; preferably, it is 58 - 62:14 - 16:5:8; further preferably, it is 59 - 61:5:5:8; more preferably, it is 60:5:5:8.

[0053] In the present invention, the temperature of the calcination is 740 - 840 °C, and the time is 2.5 - 3.5 h; preferably, it is 760 - 820 °C; further preferably, it is 780 - 800 °C; more preferably, it is 790 °C.

[0054] In the present invention, the preparation method of the sunflower - specific microbial directional control agent is:

[0055] a. Mixing Bacillus megaterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa, silicate bacteria, water, Bacillus circulans, and biochar to obtain mixture 1;

[0056] b. Mixing mixture 1 with the modified coal gangue, and filtering to obtain a filtrate;

[0057] c. Mixing the filtrate, wheat bran, and chicory residue to obtain the sunflower - specific microbial directional control agent.

[0058] In the present invention, the preparation method of the soybean - specific microbial directional control agent is:

[0059] A. Mixing biochar, starch, and cottonseed meal to obtain mixture 1;

[0060] B. Mix rhizobia, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas bacillus and Mixture 1 to obtain the special microbial directional control agent for soybeans.

[0061] In the present invention, the composting agent in step (3) is pig manure, cow manure, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris and basidiomycetes; the mass ratio of pig manure, cow manure, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris and basidiomycetes is 200 - 300:200 - 300:3 - 5:2 - 4:4 - 8:1 - 2:3 - 7; preferably 220 - 280:220 - 280:4:3:5 - 7:1.5:4 - 6; more preferably 250:250:4:3:6:1.5:5.

[0062] In the present invention, the ecological restoration grass planted in autumn in step (4) is to directly drill and plant ecological restoration grasses such as annual rye immediately after the crop is harvested, so as to form a plant cover layer on the ground surface before the soil freezes, reducing wind erosion in winter and spring.

[0063] In the present invention, in step (5), the sunflower and soybean planting areas are swapped every year, and the central positions of the strips of two rows of sunflowers and four rows of soybeans are swapped, while the intercropping ratio of sunflower and soybean of 2:4 remains unchanged.

[0064] In the present invention, mowing the ecological restoration grass and no - till planting in spring in step (6) means mowing the ecological restoration grass before spring sowing, leaving a stubble height of 10 - 25 cm, and then no - till planting sunflowers and soybeans according to the intercropping ratio; preferably 15 cm.

[0065] In the present invention, the soil nutrient determination and organic supplementation in step (7) means measuring the physical and chemical property indexes such as soil organic matter every three years, and if the organic matter decreases, applying organic fertilizers in time for supplementation.

[0066] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] A method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans, the steps are as follows:

[0069] (1) Directional regulation of soil microorganisms;

[0070] (2) Intercrop soybeans and sunflowers; Two rows of sunflowers and four rows of soybeans form an intercropping belt. The row spacing of sunflower planting is 50 cm, and the plant spacing is 55 cm; the row spacing of soybean planting is 35 cm, and the plant spacing is 15 cm; the spacing between the sunflower and soybean planting belts is 30 cm.

[0071] (3) After harvesting sunflowers and soybeans, crush the sunflower stalks and soybean stalks and return them to the field. Apply a composting agent, then plow and harrow, followed by rotary tillage and rolling.

[0072] (4) Plant ecological restoration grass in autumn; immediately after harvesting the crops, drill and plant ecological restoration grass such as annual triticale in rows to form a plant cover layer on the ground surface before the soil freezes, reducing wind erosion in winter and spring.

[0073] (5) Exchange the planting areas of sunflowers and soybeans every year; exchange the central positions of the strips of two rows of sunflowers and four rows of soybeans, while keeping the intercropping ratio of sunflowers and soybeans at 2:4 unchanged.

[0074] (6) Mow the ecological restoration grass before spring sowing, leaving a stubble height of 10 cm, and then no-till plant sunflowers and soybeans according to the intercropping ratio.

[0075] (7) Measure the physical and chemical property indexes such as soil organic matter every three years. If the organic matter decreases, promptly apply organic fertilizer to supplement it.

[0076] The soil microorganism directional regulation described in step (1) refers to applying a sunflower-specific microorganism directional regulation agent in the sunflower planting strip, including: 8 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 7 parts of Paenibacillus polymyxa, 5 parts of silicate bacteria, 5 parts of Bacillus circulans, 50 parts of modified coal gangue, 24 parts of biochar, 18 parts of wheat bran, 16 parts of chicory residue, and 300 parts of water; the bacteria content of Bacillus megaterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa, silicate bacteria, and Bacillus circulans is all 10 log cfu / g.

[0077] The preparation method of the sunflower-specific microorganism directional regulation agent is as follows:

[0078] a. Mix Bacillus megaterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa, silicate bacteria, water, Bacillus circulans, and biochar to obtain mixture 1.

[0079] b. The preparation method of modified coal gangue is: mix crushed coal gangue with lime, aluminum chloride, and calcium oxide in a mass ratio of 57:13:4:7, and then calcine at 740 °C for 2.5 h to obtain modified coal gangue.

[0080] c. Mix mixture 1 with modified coal gangue and filter to obtain a filtrate.

[0081] d. Mix the filtrate, wheat bran, and chicory residue to obtain the sunflower-specific microorganism directional regulation agent.

[0082] In the soybean planting strip, a special microbial directional control agent for soybeans is applied, including: 10 parts of rhizobia, 5 parts of Pseudomonas putida, 2 parts of Pseudomonas sp., 24 parts of biochar, 14 parts of starch, 25 parts of cottonseed meal, and 300 parts of water. The application rate is 200 kg / mu; the bacterial content of rhizobia, Pseudomonas putida, and Pseudomonas sp. is 10 log cfu / g;

[0083] The preparation method of the special microbial directional control agent for soybeans is as follows:

[0084] A. Mix biochar, starch, and cottonseed meal to obtain mixture 1;

[0085] B. Mix rhizobia, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas sp., and mixture 1 to obtain the special microbial directional control agent for soybeans. The application rate is 200 kg / mu.

[0086] The composting agent is pig manure, cow manure, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and Basidiomycetes; the mass ratio of pig manure, cow manure, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and Basidiomycetes is 200:200:3:2:4:1:3; the bacterial content of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and Basidiomycetes is 10 log cfu / g;

[0087] The preparation method of the composting agent is: mix pig manure, cow manure, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and Basidiomycetes according to a mass ratio of 200:200:3:2:4:1:3 to obtain a mixture, adjust the water content of the mixture to 60%, and ferment at room temperature for 6 days; the application rate is 1600 kg / mu.

[0088] Example 2

[0089] A method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans is as follows:

[0090] (1) Directional regulation of soil microorganisms;

[0091] (2) Intercrop soybeans and sunflowers; two rows of sunflowers and four rows of soybeans form an intercropping belt. The row spacing of sunflower planting is 60 cm, and the plant spacing is 65 cm; the row spacing of soybean planting is 45 cm, and the plant spacing is 25 cm; the spacing between the sunflower and soybean planting belts is 40 cm.

[0092] (3) After harvesting sunflowers and soybeans, crush the sunflower straws and soybean straws and return them to the field, apply the composting agent, and then plow and harrow, followed by rotary tillage and rolling;

[0093] (4) Plant ecological restoration grass in autumn; immediately after the crop harvest, drill and plant ecological restoration grass such as annual triticale, so as to form a plant cover layer on the ground surface before the soil freezes, reducing wind erosion in winter and spring.

[0094] (5) Swap the planting areas of sunflowers and soybeans every year; swap the central positions of the strips of two rows of sunflowers and four rows of soybeans, and keep the intercropping ratio of sunflowers and soybeans at 2:4 unchanged.

[0095] (6) Mow the ecological restoration grass before spring sowing, leaving a stubble height of 25 cm, and then plant sunflowers and soybeans without tillage according to the intercropping ratio.

[0096] (7) Measure the physical and chemical property indexes such as soil organic matter every three years. If the organic matter decreases, promptly apply organic fertilizer for supplementation.

[0097] The soil microorganism directional regulation described in step (1) refers to applying a special microorganism directional regulation agent for sunflowers in the sunflower planting strip, including: 12 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 11 parts of Paenibacillus polymyxa, 8 parts of silicate bacteria, 9 parts of Bacillus circulans, 60 parts of modified coal gangue, 24 - 30 parts of biochar, 22 parts of wheat bran, 20 parts of chicory residue and 400 parts of water; the bacteria content of Bacillus megaterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa, silicate bacteria and Bacillus circulans is all 14 log cfu / g;

[0098] The preparation method of the special microorganism directional regulation agent for sunflowers is as follows:

[0099] a. Mix Bacillus megaterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa, silicate bacteria, water, Bacillus circulans and biochar to obtain mixture 1;

[0100] b. The preparation method of modified coal gangue is: mix crushed coal gangue with lime, aluminum chloride and calcium oxide according to a mass ratio of 63:17:6:9, and calcine at 840 °C for 3.5 h to obtain modified coal gangue.

[0101] c. Mix mixture 1 with modified coal gangue, filter to obtain a filtrate;

[0102] d. Mix the filtrate, wheat bran and chicory residue to obtain the special microorganism directional regulation agent for sunflowers.

[0103] In the soybean planting strip, apply a special microorganism directional regulation agent for soybeans, including: 14 parts of rhizobia, 9 parts of Pseudomonas putida, 6 parts of Pseudomonas sp., 30 parts of biochar, 18 parts of starch, 29 parts of cottonseed meal and 400 parts of water; the application rate is 150 kg / mu; the bacteria content of rhizobia, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas sp. is all 14 log cfu / g;

[0104] The preparation method of the special microbial directional regulation and control agent for soybeans is as follows:

[0105] A. Mix biochar, starch, and cottonseed powder to obtain mixture 1;

[0106] B. Mix rhizobia, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas bacillus, and mixture 1 to obtain the special microbial directional regulation and control agent for soybeans. The application rate is 150 kg / mu.

[0107] The composting agent is pig manure, cow manure, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and basidiomycetes; the mass ratio of pig manure, cow manure, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and basidiomycetes is 300:300:5:4:8:2:7; the bacteria content of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and basidiomycetes is 14 log cfu / g;

[0108] The preparation method of the composting agent is as follows: Mix pig manure, cow manure, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and basidiomycetes according to a mass ratio of 300:300:5:4:8:2:7 to obtain a mixture, adjust the water content of the mixture to 70%, and then ferment at room temperature for 10 d; the application rate is 1200 kg / mu.

[0109] Example 3

[0110] A method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans is as follows:

[0111] (1) Directional regulation of soil microorganisms;

[0112] (2) Intercrop soybeans and sunflowers; Two rows of sunflowers and four rows of soybeans form an intercropping belt. The row spacing of sunflower planting is 55 cm, and the plant spacing is 60 cm; the row spacing of soybean planting is 40 cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm; the spacing between the sunflower and soybean planting belts is 35 cm.

[0113] (3) After harvesting sunflowers and soybeans, crush the sunflower straws and soybean straws and return them to the field, apply the composting agent, and then plow and rotary till and roll;

[0114] (4) Plant ecological restoration grass in autumn; Immediately after harvesting the crops, drill and plant annual ecological restoration grass such as annual ryegrass to form a plant cover layer on the surface of the soil before it freezes in winter and spring to reduce wind erosion in winter and spring.

[0115] (5) Exchange the sunflower and soybean planting areas every year; Exchange the central positions of the strips of two rows of sunflowers and four rows of soybeans, and keep the intercropping ratio of 2:4 for sunflowers and soybeans unchanged.

[0116] (6) Before spring sowing, mow the ecological restoration grass, leaving a stubble height of 15 cm. Then, according to the intercropping ratio, plant sunflowers and soybeans without tillage.

[0117] (7) Measure the physical and chemical property indexes of soil organic matter, etc. every three years. If the organic matter decreases, promptly apply organic fertilizer for supplementation.

[0118] The soil microorganism directional regulation described in step (1) refers to applying a special microbial directional regulation agent for sunflowers in the sunflower planting strip, including: 10 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 9 parts of Paenibacillus polymyxa, 7 parts of silicate bacteria, 7 parts of Bacillus circulans, 55 parts of modified coal gangue, 27 parts of biochar, 20 parts of wheat bran, 18 parts of chicory residue, and 350 parts of water; the bacterial content of Bacillus megaterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa, silicate bacteria, and Bacillus circulans is all 12 log cfu / g;

[0119] The preparation method of the special microbial directional regulation agent for sunflowers is as follows:

[0120] a. Mix Bacillus megaterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa, silicate bacteria, water, Bacillus circulans, and biochar to obtain mixture 1;

[0121] b. The preparation method of modified coal gangue is: Mix the crushed coal gangue with lime, aluminum chloride, and calcium oxide in a mass ratio of 60:15:5:8, and then calcine at 790 °C for 3 h to obtain modified coal gangue.

[0122] c. Mix mixture 1 with modified coal gangue, filter to obtain a filtrate;

[0123] d. Mix the filtrate, wheat bran, and chicory residue to obtain the special microbial directional regulation agent for sunflowers.

[0124] In the soybean planting strip, apply a special microbial directional regulation agent for soybeans, including: 12 parts of rhizobia, 7 parts of Pseudomonas putida, 4 parts of Pseudomonas sp., 27 parts of biochar, 16 parts of starch, 27 parts of cottonseed meal, and 350 parts of water; the application rate is 180 kg / mu; the bacterial content of rhizobia, Pseudomonas putida, and Pseudomonas sp. is all 14 log cfu / g;

[0125] The preparation method of the special microbial directional regulation agent for soybeans is as follows:

[0126] A. Mix biochar, starch, and cottonseed meal to obtain mixture 1;

[0127] B. Mix rhizobia, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas sp., and mixture 1 to obtain the special microbial directional regulation agent for soybeans. The application rate is 180 kg / mu.

[0128] The composting agent is pig manure, cow manure, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and basidiomycetes; the mass ratio of pig manure, cow manure, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and basidiomycetes is 250:250:4:3:6:1.5:5; the bacteria content of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and basidiomycetes is 12 log cfu / g;

[0129] The preparation method of the composting agent is as follows: Mix pig manure, cow manure, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and basidiomycetes according to a mass ratio of 250:250:4:3:6:1.5:5 to obtain a mixture, adjust the water content of the mixture to 65%, and then ferment it at room temperature for 8 days; the application rate is 1400 kg / mu.

[0130] Experimental Example 1

[0131] Select a test area as the experimental field and divide it evenly into 27 planting areas, with three planting areas randomly planted in each group. The types and quantities of microorganisms, soil bulk density, and organic matter content in the test area are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0132] Table 1

[0133] Microbial species <![CDATA[Bacteria 10 5 cfu / g]]> <![CDATA[Fungus 10 5 cfu / g]]> <![CDATA[Actinomycetes 10 5 cfu / g]]> Quantity 0.46 0.11 0.25

[0134] Table 2

[0135] <![CDATA[Soil bulk density g / cm 3 > Organic matter content (g / kg) 1.61 12.64

[0136] Use the method of Example 3 as the experimental group;

[0137] Control Group 1: Other methods are the same as those in Example 3, except that the modifier is replaced with ordinary base fertilizer (Fengtianbao biological organic fertilizer, used according to the instructions);

[0138] Control Group 2: Other methods are the same as those in Example 3, except that the coal gangue in the modifier is not modified;

[0139] Control Group 3: Other methods are the same as those in Example 3, except that wheat bran, chicory residue, and cottonseed meal are not used in the modifier;

[0140] Control Group 4: Other methods are the same as those in Example 3, except that Bacillus megaterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa, and Bacillus circulans are not added to the modifier;

[0141] Control Group 5: Other methods are the same as those in Example 3, except that the composting agent is not used;

[0142] Control group 6: Other methods were the same as those in Example 3, except that the composting agent was used directly without fermentation.

[0143] Control group 7: Other methods were the same as those in Example 3, except that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma viride were not added to the composting agent.

[0144] Existing technology group: Traditional planting methods for sunflowers and soybeans (Reference: Li Chunyang, Li Yan, Li Yan. Intercropping Cultivation Techniques of Sunflowers and Soybeans [J]. Jilin Agriculture: The Second Half of the Month, 2018(1):1.).

[0145] After two years of the experiment, the types and quantities of microorganisms, soil bulk density, and organic matter content in the planting areas of different groups were measured again, and the results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0146] Table 3

[0147] <![CDATA[Bacteria 10 5 cfu / g]]> <![CDATA[Fungus 10 4 cfu / g]]> <![CDATA[Actinomyces 10 5 cfu / g]]> Experimental group 7.48 4.96 4.21 Control group 1 6.21 4.34 3.68 Control group 2 5.27 3.45 2.96 Control group 3 6.38 4.45 3.80 Control group 4 5.87 3.86 3.27 Control group 5 5.92 3.94 3.20 Control group 6 6.34 4.38 3.72 Control group 7 5.88 3.91 3.24 Prior art group 6.01 3.98 3.34

[0148] Table 4

[0149] <![CDATA[Soil bulk density g / cm 3 > Organic matter content (g / kg) Experimental group 1.24 15.33 Control group 1 1.33 14.33 Control group 2 1.47 12.34 Control group 3 1.29 14.65 Control group 4 1.45 13.24 Control group 5 1.44 12.15 Control group 6 1.31 14.20 Control group 7 1.44 13.02 Prior art group 1.42 13.88

[0150] By comparing the data in Tables 1 to 4, it is not difficult to see that the method of the present invention can significantly increase the number of microorganisms in the soil and improve the soil quality. Its soil bulk density decreases and the organic matter content increases. Therefore, through the intercropping of sunflowers and soybeans, the present invention achieves the purpose of improving the soil.

[0151] From the data of the control groups, it can be seen that the use or not of the modified coal gangue described in the present invention directly affects the use effect of the modifier. This is because ordinary coal gangue does not have a porous structure and cannot effectively adsorb the biochar attached with probiotics, thus affecting the reproduction of microorganisms. Wheat bran, chicory residue, and cottonseed meal, as excellent carbon and nitrogen sources for the growth of probiotics, will affect the initial reproduction of microorganisms if not added.

[0152] In the modifier, the addition of each beneficial bacterium plays a synergistic role. If only some strains are added, the synergistic effect between the balanced bacteria groups will be affected.

[0153] The composting agent added in the present invention has the effect of accelerating the decomposition of straw, enabling it to be quickly converted into small-molecule substances. However, if only some of the beneficial bacteria are added, it cannot effectively accelerate the decomposition of straw.

[0154] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Directional regulation of soil microorganisms; (2) Intercropping soybeans and sunflowers; (3) After harvesting sunflowers and soybeans, crush the sunflower straws and soybean straws and return them to the field, apply a composting agent, and then carry out rotary tillage and rolling after harrowing; (4) Plant ecological restoration grass in autumn; (5) Exchange the planting areas of sunflowers and soybeans every year; (6) Mow the ecological restoration grass in spring; (7) Soil nutrient determination and organic supplementation; The directional regulation of soil microorganisms described in step (1) refers to applying a special microbial directional regulation agent for sunflowers in the sunflower planting strip, including: 8-12 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 7-11 parts of Paenibacillus polymyxa, 5-8 parts of silicate bacteria, 5-9 parts of Bacillus circulans, 50-60 parts of modified coal gangue, 24-30 parts of biochar, 18-22 parts of wheat bran, 16-20 parts of chicory residue, and 300-400 parts of water; In the soybean planting strip, apply a special microbial directional regulation agent for soybeans, including: 10-14 parts of rhizobia, 5-9 parts of Pseudomonas putida, 2-6 parts of Pseudomonas, 24-30 parts of biochar, 14-18 parts of starch, 25-29 parts of cottonseed meal, and 300-400 parts of water.

2. The method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), two rows of sunflowers and four rows of soybeans form an intercropping strip.

3. A method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the row spacing of sunflower planting is 50-60 cm, and the plant spacing is 55-65 cm; the row spacing of soybean planting is 35-45 cm, and the plant spacing is 15-25 cm; the spacing between the sunflower and soybean planting strips is 30-40 cm.

4. A method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the modified coal gangue is: mix the crushed coal gangue with lime, aluminum chloride, and calcium oxide and then calcine to obtain the modified coal gangue.

5. A method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the coal gangue to lime, aluminum chloride, and calcium oxide is: 57-63:13-17:4-6:7-9.

6. A method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans according to claim 5, characterized in that, The calcination temperature is 740-840 °C, and the time is 2.5-3.5 h.

7. A method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the special microbial directional regulation agent for sunflowers is: a. Mix Bacillus megaterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa, silicate bacteria, water, Bacillus circulans, and biochar to obtain mixture 1; b. Mix mixture 1 with modified coal gangue and filter to obtain a filtrate; c. Mix the filtrate, wheat bran, and chicory residue to obtain the special microbial directional regulation agent for sunflowers.

8. A method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the special microbial directional regulation agent for soybeans is: A. Mix biochar, starch, and cottonseed meal to obtain mixture 1; B. Mix rhizobia, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas, and mixture 1 to obtain the special microbial directional regulation agent for soybeans.

9. A method for improving soil by intercropping sunflowers and soybeans according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composting agent described in step (3) is pig manure, cow manure, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and Basidiomycetes; the mass ratio of pig manure, cow manure, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma reesei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and Basidiomycetes is 200-300:200-300:3-5:2-4:4-8:1-2:3-7.