Light magnesium-aluminum alloy composite material plate and processing technology thereof

Abstract

This invention provides a lightweight magnesium-aluminum alloy composite material plate with a thickness ≥9mm. The material plate includes an aluminum-containing metal on the outer periphery and a magnesium-containing metal in the inner core of the aluminum-containing metal. The thickness of the aluminum-containing metal layer wrapping the magnesium-containing metal in the thickness and width directions of the material plate is 1.5-30mm. The dimension of the aluminum-containing metal wrapping the magnesium-containing metal in the length direction of the material plate is greater than the thickness of the aluminum-containing metal layer wrapping the magnesium-containing metal in the thickness and width directions of the material plate. The processing technology includes: S1, preparing magnesium-containing metal rods, aluminum-containing metal tubes, and aluminum-containing metal connecting rods; S2, cleaning the surface of the billet; S3, inserting the magnesium-containing metal rods into the aluminum-containing metal tubes to form aluminum-clad magnesium composite rods; S4, sequentially connecting the billet with aluminum-containing metal connecting rods, aluminum-clad magnesium composite rods, and aluminum-containing metal connecting rods in a repetitive manner, and placing them sequentially in an extrusion cylinder, with aluminum-containing metal connecting rods at both ends of the billet; S5, extrusion; S6, cutting the extruded plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of composite material preparation, specifically to a lightweight magnesium-aluminum alloy composite material plate and its processing technology. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum-containing metals possess high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and surface treatment properties, making them widely used in transportation, aerospace, and 3C products. With the development of electrification, the need for lightweight vehicles is becoming increasingly urgent, and more and more automotive parts manufacturers hope to replace traditional steel with aluminum-containing metals, and even magnesium-containing metals with steel.

[0003] Magnesium-containing metals, as the lightest metallic structural materials currently available, are one of the preferred materials for lightweight development. However, their poor corrosion resistance, surface decoration, and weldability limit their wider application. Aluminum-containing metals have good corrosion resistance and weldability, but their density is still significantly higher than that of magnesium-containing metals (magnesium-containing metals are 1.8 g / cm³). 3 It contains 2.7 g / cm³ of aluminum. 3 ).

[0004] Combining the advantages of magnesium-containing metals (light weight) with the advantages of aluminum-containing metals (corrosion resistance, good decorative properties, and weldability), magnesium-aluminum composite materials have great application potential. However, conventional magnesium-aluminum composite materials expose the interface between the magnesium and aluminum metals on the sides, making it difficult to achieve satisfactory surface corrosion protection and appearance. In particular, if the surface anti-corrosion layer at the interface is damaged, galvanic corrosion will form between the magnesium and aluminum metals, accelerating the corrosion of the magnesium metal and seriously affecting the reliability and service life of the material. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the unavoidable corrosion of magnesium-aluminum alloy composite materials in the prior art, this invention discloses a lightweight magnesium-aluminum alloy composite material plate and its preparation process. The provided magnesium-aluminum alloy composite material plate has aluminum metal completely encapsulating magnesium metal, providing a new solution for the corrosion resistance and lightweight development of this structural composite material.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is a lightweight magnesium-aluminum alloy composite material, wherein the composite material is a plate with a thickness ≥ 9 mm; the plate includes an aluminum-containing metal on the outer periphery and a magnesium-containing metal in the inner core of the aluminum-containing metal, the composite material plate includes an aluminum-containing metal on the outer periphery and a magnesium-containing metal in the inner core of the aluminum-containing metal, wherein the aluminum-containing metal completely covers the magnesium-containing metal; the thickness of the aluminum-containing metal layer covering the magnesium-containing metal in the thickness and width directions of the plate is 1.5-30 mm; the dimension of the aluminum-containing metal covering the magnesium-containing metal in the length direction of the plate is greater than the thickness of the aluminum-containing metal layer covering the magnesium-containing metal in the thickness and width directions of the plate.

[0007] This invention also provides a processing technology for the above-mentioned lightweight magnesium-aluminum alloy composite material, including the following steps:

[0008] S1. Preparation of extruded billets: Prepare magnesium-containing metal rods, aluminum-containing metal tubes, and aluminum-containing metal connecting rods;

[0009] S2. Material cleaning: Clean the surface of the blank prepared in step S1 to ensure that there are no impurities on the material surface.

[0010] S3. Insert a magnesium-containing metal rod into an aluminum-containing metal tube to form an aluminum-clad magnesium composite rod;

[0011] S4. Connect the billet in the extrusion cylinder in the following order: aluminum-containing metal connecting rod, aluminum-clad magnesium composite rod, aluminum-containing metal connecting rod, aluminum-clad magnesium composite rod, and aluminum-containing metal connecting rod. Place the billet in the extrusion cylinder with aluminum-containing metal connecting rods at both ends. Place the placed billet in the heating furnace for preheating, and then place the extrusion die in the heating furnace for preheating.

[0012] S5, extrusion;

[0013] S6. Extrusion plate cutting.

[0014] Furthermore, the magnesium-containing metal in step S1 above is an AZ-series magnesium-aluminum alloy; the aluminum-containing metal includes one or more of the 1-series, 5-series, and 6-series aluminum alloys.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S1 above, the preparation of the extruded billet also includes billet size design: the size of each billet is based on the density ρ of the composite material. 复 Design based on size: ρ 复 =ρ 铝 +[r 2 L(ρ 镁 -ρ 铝 )] / R 2 (L+L1), where: ρ 铝 ρ is the density of aluminum-containing metals. 镁 Let r be the density of the magnesium metal, r be the radius of the magnesium metal rod, R be the radius of the aluminum metal connecting rod, the radius of the outer circle of the aluminum metal tube is the same as the radius of the aluminum metal connecting rod, L be the length of the magnesium metal rod, the length of the aluminum metal tube is the same as the length of the magnesium metal rod, and L1 be the length of the aluminum metal connecting rod.

[0016] Furthermore, the above-mentioned blank size design method also includes: when the diameter 2r of the magnesium metal rod is d mm, the inner diameter D of the aluminum metal tube is designed to be in the range of (d+0.1) to (d+0.15) mm, and the wall thickness of the aluminum metal tube is ≥15 mm; the length L1 of the aluminum metal connecting rod is ≥2λL0, where λ is the extrusion ratio and L0 is the length of the pure aluminum metal at both ends of the composite material sheet obtained after the extrusion process in step S6.

[0017] Furthermore, the placement of the billet in step S4 above can also be carried out in the following way: first place an aluminum-containing metal connecting rod in the extrusion cylinder, then place an aluminum-clad magnesium composite rod, and then place another aluminum-containing metal connecting rod to start the first extrusion; after the first extrusion is completed, when adding material to the extrusion die, first place an aluminum-clad magnesium composite rod, then place an aluminum-containing metal connecting rod and then start extrusion. Repeat this material addition method until the entire batch production is completed.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S2 above, the surface cleaning includes sandblasting, shot blasting, mechanical sand removal, and solution immersion.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S4 above, the preheating involves keeping the material used for extrusion at 380-450℃ for 6-12 hours and the extrusion die at 380-450℃ for 3-5 hours.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S5 above, the billet temperature in the extrusion process is 380-450℃, the extrusion cylinder temperature is 280-320℃, the extrusion die temperature is 380-450℃, and the extrusion speed is 1.0-1.6m / min.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S6 above, the extrusion plate cutting involves sawing the extruded plate at the aluminum-containing metal joint to cut it into single composite plates for later use. During cutting, the plate is sawed near the extrusion plate stop mark to ensure that the magnesium-containing metal in the composite plate is not exposed.

[0022] This invention, through material design and extrusion compounding, prepares a well-bonded magnesium-aluminum composite material that meets the product's requirements for lightweight and corrosion resistance. Its advantage over existing technologies lies in:

[0023] (1) The production efficiency of magnesium-aluminum alloy composite plates prepared by extrusion is high and the bonding strength of the composite plates is high, thereby reducing the cost of composite materials and facilitating the market promotion and application of composite plates.

[0024] (2) The magnesium metal is completely encased in the aluminum metal. The composite board is surrounded by aluminum metal. Welding, drilling or other machining can be performed on the pure aluminum metal part without having to worry about the poor corrosion resistance of the composite board caused by the exposed magnesium metal. At the same time, the surface of the composite board is entirely aluminum metal, which can ensure that the surface decoration performance of the material is the same as that of the aluminum metal, and can create a beautiful appearance.

[0025] (3) The core of the composite board is entirely made of magnesium metal, which can effectively reduce the density of the composite material and meet the requirements of lightweighting. Especially in wide and thick plates, the overall proportion of magnesium metal can be designed to be larger, which is more conducive to lightweighting. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding method in the extrusion cylinder in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an aluminum-clad magnesium composite rod formed by covering an aluminum-containing metal tube with a magnesium-containing metal in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the composite material sheet obtained in the embodiment of the present invention; wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the cross section in the length direction of the obtained composite material sheet; and (b) is a schematic diagram of the cross section in the width direction of the obtained composite material sheet. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are mostly within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] A lightweight magnesium-aluminum alloy composite plate is made of 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31 magnesium alloy rods.

[0032] Its processing technology includes: first preparing the... AZ31 magnesium alloy rod, 5052 aluminum alloy tube, The 5052 aluminum alloy connecting rods are sandblasted to remove impurities and oil stains from the outer surface of the material. The sandblasted AZ31 magnesium alloy rod is then inserted into a 5052 aluminum alloy tube to form a composite rod. The composite rod and the 5052 aluminum alloy connecting rod are placed in a heating furnace and held at 440℃ for 8 hours. The extrusion die is then held at 440℃ for 3 hours. Extrusion is then performed by first adding one 5052 aluminum alloy connecting rod to the extrusion cylinder, then adding one composite rod, and then adding another 5052 aluminum alloy connecting rod. The cylinder temperature is 32℃. At 0℃ and an extrusion speed of 1m / min, a composite sheet of 9.5*175mm is extruded. The thickness of the composite sheet is about 1.8mm in the thickness direction and about 15mm in the width direction. The feeding method during the extrusion process is to first add a composite rod, then add a 5052 aluminum alloy connecting rod before extrusion begins. After extrusion, the extruded long plate is sawn off at the pure 5052 aluminum alloy plate and cut into individual composite sheets. When cutting, the cut is made near the extrusion plate stop mark to ensure that the magnesium-containing metal is not exposed.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] A lightweight magnesium-aluminum alloy composite material plate is made by combining 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ80 magnesium alloy plates.

[0035] Its processing technology includes: first preparing the... AZ80 magnesium alloy rod, 5052 aluminum alloy tube, The 5052 aluminum alloy connecting rods are sandblasted to remove impurities and oil stains from the outer surface of the material. The sandblasted AZ80 magnesium rod is then inserted into a 5052 aluminum alloy tube to form a composite rod. The composite rod and the 5052 aluminum alloy connecting rod are placed in a heating furnace and held at 420℃ for 8 hours. The extrusion die is then held at 420℃ for 3 hours. Extrusion is then performed by first adding one 5052 aluminum alloy connecting rod to the extrusion cylinder, then adding one composite rod, and then adding another 5052 aluminum alloy connecting rod. The extrusion begins at a cylinder temperature of 300℃. The extrusion speed is 1.2m / min, and the composite sheet is extruded into a 9.5*175mm composite sheet. The thickness of the composite sheet is about 1.8mm in the thickness direction and about 15mm in the width direction. The feeding method during the extrusion process is to first add a composite rod, then add a 5052 aluminum alloy connecting rod before extrusion begins. After extrusion, the extruded long plate is sawn off at the pure 5052 aluminum alloy plate and cut into composite sheets. When cutting, the cut is made near the extrusion plate stop mark to ensure that the magnesium-containing metal is not exposed.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] A lightweight magnesium-aluminum alloy composite plate is made of 6061 aluminum alloy and AZ31 magnesium alloy rods.

[0038] Its processing technology includes: first preparing the... AZ31 magnesium alloy rod, 6061 aluminum alloy tube, The 6061 aluminum alloy connecting rod is sandblasted to remove impurities and oil stains from its outer surface. The sandblasted AZ31 magnesium alloy rod is then inserted into the 6061 aluminum alloy tube to form a composite rod. The composite rod and the 6061 aluminum alloy connecting rod are placed in a heating furnace and held at 400℃ for 8 hours. The extrusion die is then held at 400℃ for 4 hours. Extrusion is then performed by first adding one 6061 aluminum alloy connecting rod to the extrusion cylinder, then adding one composite rod, and finally adding another 6061 aluminum alloy connecting rod. The extrusion begins at a cylinder temperature of 280℃. The extrusion speed is 1.6m / min, and the composite sheet is extruded into a 30*220mm composite sheet. The aluminum alloy cladding thickness in the thickness direction of the composite sheet is about 3mm, and the aluminum alloy cladding thickness in the width direction is about 25mm. The feeding method during the extrusion process is to first add a composite rod, then add a 6061 aluminum alloy connecting rod before extrusion begins. After extrusion, the extruded long plate is sawn off at the pure 6061 aluminum alloy plate and cut into composite sheets. When cutting, the cut is made near the stop mark of the extrusion plate to ensure that the magnesium-containing metal is not exposed.

[0039] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A lightweight magnesium-aluminum alloy composite material plate, characterized in that, The thickness of the composite material plate is ≥9 mm; The composite material plate includes an aluminum-containing metal on the outer periphery and a magnesium-containing metal in the inner core of the aluminum-containing metal, wherein the aluminum-containing metal completely covers the magnesium-containing metal; The thickness of the aluminum-containing metal layer wrapping the magnesium-containing metal in the thickness and width directions of the composite material plate is 1.5-30 mm; the dimension of the aluminum-containing metal wrapping the magnesium-containing metal in the length direction of the composite material plate is greater than the thickness of the aluminum-containing metal layer wrapping the magnesium-containing metal in the thickness and width directions of the composite material plate. The lightweight magnesium-aluminum alloy composite material plate is obtained through the following processing steps: S1. Preparation of extruded billets: Prepare magnesium-containing metal rods, aluminum-containing metal tubes, and aluminum-containing metal connecting rods; S2. Material cleaning: Clean the surface of the blank prepared in step S1 to ensure that there are no impurities on the material surface. S3. Insert a magnesium-containing metal rod into an aluminum-containing metal tube to form an aluminum-clad magnesium composite rod; S4. The billet is connected sequentially in a repeating pattern of aluminum-containing metal connecting rod, aluminum-clad magnesium composite rod, aluminum-containing metal connecting rod, aluminum-clad magnesium composite rod, and aluminum-containing metal connecting rod, and placed in an extrusion cylinder. Both ends of the billet are aluminum-containing metal connecting rods. The placed billet is placed in a heating furnace for preheating, and then the extrusion die is placed in the heating furnace for preheating. The preheating involves holding the extruded billet at 380-450 ℃ for 6-12 h and the extrusion die at 380-450 ℃ for 3-5 h. S5. Extrusion; In the extrusion process, the temperature of the billet is 380-450 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 280-320 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion die is 380-450 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 1.0-1.6 m / min; S6. Extrusion plate cutting; Magnesium-containing metals include AZ-series magnesium-aluminum alloys; aluminum-containing metals include one or more of the 1-series, 5-series, and 6-series aluminum alloys. The length of the aluminum-containing metal connecting rod L1≥2λL0, where λ is the extrusion ratio and L0 is the length of the pure aluminum-containing metal at both ends of the composite material sheet obtained after the extrusion process. Magnesium-containing metal rods are inserted into aluminum-containing metal tubes to form aluminum-clad magnesium composite rods. The billets are then sequentially connected in a repeating pattern of aluminum-containing metal connecting rods, aluminum-clad magnesium composite rods, aluminum-containing metal connecting rods, aluminum-clad magnesium composite rods, and aluminum-containing metal connecting rods. The dimensions of each billet are determined based on the density ρ of the composite material. 复 Design based on size: ρ 复 =ρ 铝 +[r 2 L(ρ 镁 -ρ 铝 )] / R 2 (L+L1), where: ρ 铝 ρ is the density of aluminum-containing metals. 镁 Let r be the density of the magnesium metal, r be the radius of the magnesium metal rod, R be the radius of the aluminum metal connecting rod, the radius of the outer circle of the aluminum metal tube is the same as the radius of the aluminum metal connecting rod, L be the length of the magnesium metal rod, the length of the aluminum metal tube is the same as the length of the magnesium metal rod, and L1 be the length of the aluminum metal connecting rod. The blank dimensions also include: when the diameter 2r of the magnesium metal rod is d mm, the inner diameter D of the aluminum metal tube is designed to be in the range of (d+0.1)~(d+0.15) mm, and the wall thickness of the aluminum metal tube is ≥15 mm; the length L1 of the aluminum metal connecting rod is ≥2λL0, where λ is the extrusion ratio and L0 is the length of the aluminum metal at both ends of the composite material sheet obtained after the extrusion process in step S6.

2. The processing technology of the lightweight magnesium-aluminum alloy composite material plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of extruded billets: Prepare magnesium-containing metal rods, aluminum-containing metal tubes, and aluminum-containing metal connecting rods; magnesium-containing metals include AZ series magnesium-aluminum alloys; aluminum-containing metals include one or more of 1 series, 5 series, and 6 series aluminum alloys. The blank size design is based on the density ρ of the composite material plate. 复 Size of: ρ 复 =ρ 铝 +[r 2 L(ρ 镁 -ρ 铝 )] / R 2 (L+L1), where: ρ 铝 ρ is the density of aluminum-containing metals. 镁 Let r be the density of the magnesium metal, r be the radius of the magnesium metal rod, R be the radius of the aluminum metal connecting rod, the radius of the outer circle of the aluminum metal tube is the same as the radius of the aluminum metal connecting rod, L be the length of the magnesium metal rod, the length of the aluminum metal tube is the same as the length of the magnesium metal rod, and L1 be the length of the aluminum metal connecting rod. The blank dimensions also include: when the diameter 2r of the magnesium metal rod is d mm, the inner diameter D of the aluminum metal tube is designed to be in the range of (d+0.1)~(d+0.15) mm, and the wall thickness of the aluminum metal tube is ≥15 mm; the length L1 of the aluminum metal connecting rod is ≥2λL0, where λ is the extrusion ratio and L0 is the length of the aluminum metal at both ends of the composite material sheet obtained after the extrusion process in step S6; S2. Material cleaning: Clean the surface of the blank prepared in step S1 to ensure that there are no impurities on the material surface. S3. Insert a magnesium-containing metal rod into an aluminum-containing metal tube to form an aluminum-clad magnesium composite rod; S4. The billet is connected sequentially in a repeating pattern of aluminum-containing metal connecting rod, aluminum-clad magnesium composite rod, aluminum-containing metal connecting rod, aluminum-clad magnesium composite rod, and aluminum-containing metal connecting rod, and placed in an extrusion cylinder. Both ends of the billet are aluminum-containing metal connecting rods. The placed billet is placed in a heating furnace for preheating, and then the extrusion die is placed in the heating furnace for preheating. The preheating involves holding the extruded billet at 380-450 ℃ for 6-12 h and the extrusion die at 380-450 ℃ for 3-5 h. S5. Extrusion; In the extrusion process, the temperature of the billet is 380-450 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 280-320 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion die is 380-450 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 1.0-1.6 m / min; S6. Extrusion plate cutting.

3. The processing technology of the lightweight magnesium-aluminum alloy composite material plate as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The billet placement in step S4 is replaced by the following method: first place an aluminum-containing metal connecting rod in the extrusion cylinder, then place an aluminum-clad magnesium composite rod, and then place another aluminum-containing metal connecting rod to start the first extrusion; after the first extrusion is completed, when adding material to the extrusion die, first place an aluminum-clad magnesium composite rod, then place an aluminum-containing metal connecting rod, and then start extrusion. Repeat this material addition method until the entire batch production is completed.

4. The processing technology of the lightweight magnesium-aluminum alloy composite material plate as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the surface cleaning includes sandblasting, shot blasting, mechanical sand removal, and solution immersion.

5. The processing technology of the lightweight magnesium-aluminum alloy composite material plate as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S6, the extrusion plate cutting involves sawing the extruded plate at the aluminum-containing metal joint to cut it into single composite plates for later use. During cutting, the plate is sawed near the extrusion plate stop mark to ensure that the magnesium-containing metal in the composite material plate is not exposed.

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