Acousto-optical induction vertical slot fishway fish attracting system based on automatic parameter optimization

Abstract

The present invention discloses an acoustic-optical induction vertical slot fishway fish attracting system based on automatic parameter optimization. The system comprises a vertical slot fishway and an acoustic-optical signal acquisition and control system. An acoustic-optical fish attracting assembly is installed at the bottom edge of each vertical slot channel of the vertical slot fishway. The acoustic-optical fish attracting assembly emits signals in the same direction, toward the downstream. A detector for fish identification and counting is provided at the entrance and exit of the vertical slot fishway. An acoustic-optical background collector is provided at the entrance of the vertical slot fishway. The acoustic-optical signal acquisition and control system traverses all parameter combinations within the optimization range based on the duration of a single group of experiments, optimizes the optimal operating parameters of the acoustic-optical fish attracting assembly based on the maximum fish passing success rate, and controls the acoustic-optical fish attracting assembly to operate stably and long-term under the optimal parameter conditions. The present invention leverages the advantages of the flow structure of traditional vertical slot fishways, utilizes sound fish attracting technology and the phototaxis of fish, and controls the acoustic-optical induction based on automatic parameter optimization, thereby improving the fish passing efficiency of the fishway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy engineering, and in particular relates to an acoustic and optical induction type vertical slot fishway fish attracting and luring system based on automatic parameter optimization. Background Art

[0002] Hydropower projects require damming rivers, which cuts off fish's normal migratory and spawning pathways. Fishways are one of the primary means of ecologically compensating for this phenomenon. Traditional fishway design often focuses on creating favorable flow conditions for fish in order to lure them to migrate. However, traditional fishways, such as vertical slot fishways, have limited appeal simply through flow control. Fish often linger in the pools or return downstream, failing to achieve the desired success rate. Therefore, new approaches and improvements are needed for fishway design.

[0003] Leveraging sound-based fish luring technology and fish phototaxis is an emerging area of ​​integrated fish luring technology. However, traditional sound and light signaling for fish luring suffers from interference between upstream and downstream light and sound sources. To maintain consistent luring direction, the upstream and downstream sound and light signals must be intermittently switched on and off, resulting in a short effective fish luring period. Furthermore, whether using optical or acoustic fish luring, successful large-scale fish luring can only be achieved by controlling the sound and light signal parameters to optimal values. Excessive light and inappropriate sound signals can repel fish. This makes the simultaneous use of sound, light, and flow signals to lure fish difficult. Further optimization is needed to rationally utilize sound and light signals to increase the success rate of fish passing through fishways. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the known technology, the present invention, based on the advantages of the flow structure of the traditional vertical slot fishway, uses sound fish luring technology and the phototaxis of fish to provide an acoustic and light induced vertical slot fishway device based on automatic parameter optimization, which can improve the fish passing efficiency of the fishway.

[0005] The present invention adopts a technical solution to solve the technical problems existing in the known technology: an acoustic and light induction vertical slot fishway fish gathering and attracting system based on automatic parameter optimization, comprising a vertical slot fishway and an acoustic and light signal acquisition and control system, wherein the vertical slot fishway is divided into a plurality of pool chambers by a plurality of vertical slot wing walls, an acoustic and light fish attracting component is installed at the lower edge of each vertical slot channel, and the acoustic and light fish attracting component emits signals in the same direction, toward the downstream; a detector of a fish identification and counting device is respectively arranged at the inlet and outlet of the vertical slot fishway, an acoustic and light background collector is arranged at the inlet of the vertical slot fishway, the acoustic and light signal acquisition and control system is provided with a signal analysis and control component and a power supply component, the signal analysis and control component is provided with a signal analysis and control component and a power supply component, and the signal analysis and control component is provided with a signal analysis and control component and a power supply component. The analysis and control component is provided with a signal controller and a data analyzer. The signal controller sends light intensity, angle, amplitude and frequency signals to each of the sound and light fish attracting components in real time, wherein the light intensity is equal to the background light intensity plus the relative light intensity, and the amplitude is equal to the background noise amplitude plus the additional amplitude. The background light intensity and background noise are obtained in real time by the sound and light background collector. The relative light intensity, angle, frequency and additional amplitude are obtained by the data analyzer by traversing all parameter combinations within the optimization range in units of a single group of test duration and optimizing based on the maximum fish passing success rate. The sound and light fish attracting components maintain stable operation under optimal parameter conditions under the coordinated cooperation of the signal controller and the data analyzer.

[0006] The main body of the sound and light fish luring component is arranged in a capsule-shaped cabin, and the cabin is provided with an arc-shaped transparent glass cover. The main body of the sound and light fish luring component is provided with an LED lamp and an onomatopoeic vibration device, and the LED lamp and the onomatopoeic vibration device are installed on an arc-shaped shell, and the arc-shaped shell is rotatably installed on a support shaft, and the support shaft is fixed on a bottom plate, and two guide rails composed of arc-shaped racks are provided on the bottom plate, and the guide rails are located on the outside of the arc-shaped shell, and the two are connected by a clamping structure, and a driving gear meshing with the inner side of the guide rail is provided in the arc-shaped shell, and the driving gear is driven by a motor, and the motor is fixed in the arc-shaped shell, and the motor is controlled by the signal controller; a frosted glass sheet is sealed in front of the LED lamp and the onomatopoeic vibration device.

[0007] The clamping structure includes a guide rod fixed on the top of the arc-shaped shell, the guide rod passes through the gap between the two guide rails, a movable pressure plate is mounted on the guide rod, a back plate is fixed on the top of the guide rod, a spring is clamped between the back plate and the movable pressure plate, and four driven gears are connected to the movable pressure plate, two of the driven gears on one side, and the driven gears on both sides are respectively engaged with the outer sides of the two guide rails.

[0008] A water leakage detection needle is provided below the bottom plate and is vertically fixed thereto. The water leakage detection needle is connected to the signal controller.

[0009] The sound and light fish attracting component is provided with a base, and the capsule-shaped cabin is fixedly connected to the base.

[0010] The sound and light signals of the sound and light fish attracting components on the same cross section of the vertical slot fishway are connected in series with the signal control unit, and the sound and light signals of the sound and light fish attracting components on different cross sections are connected in parallel; the power supplies of all the sound and light fish attracting components are independent of each other and are powered by the power supply component.

[0011] The method of traversal optimization based on the success rate of fish passing by the data analyzer is:

[0012] Read the duration of a single group of fishway parameter automatic optimization tests, marked as dT; set the acoustic fish attracting parameters to zero, read the range of optical fish attracting parameters, including minimum angle, maximum angle, minimum relative light intensity and maximum relative light intensity, marked as X1min, X1max, X2min and X2max; traverse the combination of angles and relative light intensities in units of a single group of tests; the signal controller is responsible for sending light intensity, angle, amplitude and frequency signals to each acoustic and optical fish attracting component, where the light intensity is equal to the background light intensity plus the relative light intensity, and the amplitude is equal to the background noise amplitude plus the additional amplitude; the data analyzer is responsible for recording the number of fish recorded by the fish identification and counting devices at the entrance and exit of the fishway in each single group of tests and calculating the success rate of fish passing, which is equal to the number of fish at the exit divided by the number of fish at the entrance, marked as Y; the highest success rate of fish passing is used as the standard, and the best fish passing is selected. The optimal angle and relative light intensity are set; the optical fish attracting parameters are set to the optimal values ​​found, and the range of acoustic fish attracting parameters is read, including the minimum frequency, maximum frequency, minimum additional amplitude and maximum additional amplitude, which are marked as X3min, X3max, X4min and X4max; the combination of frequency and relative amplitude is traversed in units of a single group of experiments; the signal controller is responsible for sending light intensity, angle, amplitude and frequency signals to each sound and light fish attracting component, where the light intensity is equal to the background light intensity plus the relative light intensity, and the amplitude is equal to the background noise amplitude plus the additional amplitude; the data analyzer is responsible for recording the number of fish recorded by the fish identification and counting devices at the entrance and exit of the fishway in each single group of experiments and calculating the success rate of fish passing, which is equal to the number of fish at the exit divided by the number of fish at the entrance, marked as Y; the optimal frequency and additional amplitude are selected based on the maximum success rate of fish passing.

[0013] The data analyzer is provided with a data recording and printing output module.

[0014] The vertical slot fishway is curved and consists of multiple arc structures.

[0015] The geometric shape of the vertical slot fishway is determined based on the curved shape of natural river channels with similar depth and width conditions near the project area, and is adjusted based on the geometric constraints of the project plane; the size and spacing of the vertical slot channels are designed based on the flow parameters preferred by the fish passing objects, and are determined by mathematical models or physical model experiments.

[0016] The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1) The present invention utilizes the latest technologies of fish phototaxis and acoustic fish attraction to improve the fish passing effect of traditional vertical slot fishways. At the same time, it makes good use of the barrier effect of the vertical slot fishway's wing wall to avoid the interference of downstream sound and light signals on upstream, so that fish are always in an environment where sound, light, and flow signals continuously guide them upstream. Compared with the method of requiring interval opening and closing of upstream and downstream sound and light signals, the sound and light signals at each node of the present invention can continuously play a fish-attracting role, significantly improving the fish passing efficiency.

[0018] 2) The present invention sets the optical angle, relative light intensity, acoustic frequency, and acoustic additional amplitude as optimization parameters, which can realize automatic optimization of the sound and light induced signal parameters, and avoid the phenomenon that the fish are driven away by the set sound and light signal being too strong; in addition, selecting relative light intensity and acoustic additional amplitude as optimization parameters can ensure that the present invention can adjust the sound and light signal parameters in real time according to the background environment, and always maintain a high fish passing efficiency.

[0019] 3) The present invention ensures the independent operation of each sound and light fish attracting component by independently setting the power supply of each sound and light fish attracting component, automatically cutting off the power when a single component leaks water, and generating a maintenance signal, thereby avoiding the situation where a large number of components are damaged at the same time and the sound and light fish attracting system cannot work normally; at the same time, it is convenient for maintenance personnel to obtain fault information and facilitate timely processing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure installation of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the vertical slits in the fishway and the sound and light fish attractant components;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single sound and light fish attractant component;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the main body of the sound and light fish attractant component;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical signal wiring method and independent power supply connection method of the sound and light fish attractant component.

[0025] In the figure: 1. Vertical slot fishway, 11. Vertical slot wing wall, 12. Vertical slot channel; 2. Sound and light signal acquisition and control system, 21. Signal analysis and control component, 22. Power supply component; 3. Sound and light fish attracting component, 31. Main body of the sound and light fish attracting component, 311. LED lamp, 312. Imitation sound vibration device, 313. Arc-shaped shell, 314. Bottom plate, 315. Guide rail composed of arc-shaped rack, 316. Driving gear, 317. Motor, 318. Frosted glass sheet, 319. Guide rod, 3110. Movable pressure plate, 3111. Back plate, 3112. Spring, 3113. Driven gear, 3114. Water leakage detection needle, 32. Arc-shaped transparent glass cover, 33. Capsule-shaped cabin, 34. Base; 4. Detector of fish identification and counting device; 5. Sound and light background collector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to further understand the content, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are given as examples and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0027] See also Figures 1 to 5 A sound and light induction vertical slot fishway fish attracting system based on automatic parameter optimization includes a vertical slot fishway 1 and a sound and light signal acquisition and control system 2.

[0028] The vertical slot fishway 1 is divided into multiple pool chambers by multiple vertical slot wing walls 11. A sound and light fish attracting component 3 is installed at the bottom edge of each vertical slot channel 12. The sound and light fish attracting component 3 sends signals in the same direction, toward the downstream, against the direction of fish migration.

[0029] A detector 4 of a fish identification and counting device is respectively provided at the entrance and exit of the vertical slot fishway 1 , and an acoustic and optical background collector 5 is provided at the entrance of the vertical slot fishway 1 .

[0030] The detectors of the fish identification and counting device set at the entrance and exit of the fishway are a combination of visible light and passive infrared detectors, wherein the visible light signal is used for fish identification and counting during the day, and the passive infrared signal is used for fish identification and counting at night, without generating other interfering light sources; the video signal is processed by the sound and light signal acquisition and control system 2.

[0031] The sound and light background collector is installed at the downstream fishway entrance, away from the sound and light fish attracting component of the first-stage pool chamber, so as to avoid its influence on the sound and light signal; the collected background sound and light signal includes: background light intensity and background sound amplitude, and the signal is sent to the sound and light signal collection and control system 2.

[0032] The sound and light signal acquisition and control system 2 is provided with a signal analysis and control component 21 and a power supply component 22. The signal analysis and control component 21 is provided with a signal controller and a data analyzer. The signal controller sends light intensity, angle, amplitude, and frequency signals to each of the sound and light fish attracting components 3 in real time, wherein the light intensity is equal to the background light intensity plus the relative light intensity, and the amplitude is equal to the background noise amplitude plus the additional amplitude. The background light intensity and background noise are obtained in real time by the sound and light background collector 5. The relative light intensity, angle, frequency, and additional amplitude are obtained by the data analyzer by traversing all parameter combinations within the optimization range in units of a single group of test duration and optimizing based on the maximum fish passing success rate. The sound and light fish attracting components 3 maintain stable operation under optimal parameter conditions under the coordinated cooperation of the signal controller and the data analyzer.

[0033] By adopting the above scheme, the fishway operates stably under the conditions of optimal optical angle, optimal optical relative light intensity, optimal acoustic frequency, and optimal acoustic additional amplitude; fish are affected by the combined influence of sound, light, and flow, and gather and move from downstream to upstream toward the vertical slit; when the fish cross a certain level of vertical slit and enter the upper level pool chamber from the downstream pool chamber, the sound and light signals in the downstream direction are naturally blocked due to the obstruction of the wing wall of the vertical slit structure, and the fish are only guided by the sound and light signals in the upstream direction; under the combined influence of sound, light, and flow, the above steps are repeated, and finally reach the upstreammost part of the fishway.

[0034] In a more specific embodiment, the main body 31 of the sound and light fish attracting assembly is arranged in a capsule-shaped cabin 33, and the cabin 33 is provided with an arc-shaped transparent glass cover 32. The main body 31 of the sound and light fish attracting assembly is provided with an LED lamp 311 and an imitation sound vibration device 312, and the LED lamp 311 and the imitation sound vibration device 312 are installed on an arc-shaped shell 313, and the arc-shaped shell 313 is rotatably mounted on a support shaft, and the support shaft is fixed on a bottom plate 314, and two screws are provided on the bottom plate 314. A guide rail 315 is formed of an arc-shaped rack, and the guide rail 315 is located on the outside of the arc-shaped shell 313. The two are connected by a clamping structure. A driving gear 316 is provided in the arc-shaped shell 313 and engages with the inner side of the guide rail 315. The driving gear 316 is driven by a motor 317. The motor 317 is fixed in the arc-shaped shell 313 and controlled by the signal controller. A frosted glass sheet 318 is sealed in front of the LED lamp 311 and the imitation sound vibration device 312.

[0035] LED lamp 311 emits a light signal downstream through frosted glass 318, making the light less dazzling when approached at close range and less likely to drive away fish. The onomatopoeic vibration device 312 emits sound in the same direction as the light emission of LED lamp 311, emitting an acoustic signal downstream at a certain angle. The angle of onomatopoeic vibration device 312 and LED lamp 311 is adjusted by controlling the rotation of motor 317. The specific process is as follows: motor 317 drives driving gear 316, which drives arc-shaped housing 313, onomatopoeic vibration device 312, and LED lamp 311 to rotate on arc-shaped guide rail 315, thereby adjusting the angle of sound and light signal emission.

[0036] The clamping structure includes a guide rod 319 fixed on the top of the arc-shaped shell 313, and the guide rod 319 passes through the gap between the two guide rails 315. A movable pressure plate 3110 is mounted on the guide rod 319, and a back plate 3111 is fixed on the top of the guide rod 319. A spring 3112 is clamped between the back plate 3111 and the movable pressure plate 3110. Four driven gears 3113 are connected to the movable pressure plate 3110, and there are two driven gears 3113 on one side. The driven gears 3113 on both sides are respectively engaged with the outer sides of the two guide rails 315.

[0037] The above-mentioned pressing structure can ensure that the driving gear 316 and the guide rail 315 are in a meshing state, thereby smoothly achieving the inclination adjustment of the sound and light signal source.

[0038] A water leak detection needle 3114 is fixedly attached perpendicularly to the bottom plate 314 below the bottom plate 314. This needle is connected to the signal controller. When the capsule-shaped chamber 33 leaks, the water submerges the needle, sending a leak signal to the signal controller. The signal controller automatically disconnects the power to the sound and light fish attractant assembly and generates a maintenance signal.

[0039] The sound and light fish attracting assembly 3 is provided with a base 34, and the capsule-shaped cabin 33 is fixedly connected to the base 34. When installed, half of the capsule-shaped cabin 33 and the base 34 are completely embedded in the interior of the lower edge of the vertical slot channel to prevent being washed away by water.

[0040] The sound and light signals of the sound and light fish attracting assemblies on the same cross section of the vertical slot fishway are connected in series with the signal control unit, and the received sound and light signals are the same. The sound and light signals of the sound and light fish attracting assemblies on different cross sections are connected in parallel, and the received sound and light signals are independent of each other. The power supply of all the sound and light fish attracting assemblies 3 is independent and supplied by the power supply assembly 22. If one sound and light attracting assembly loses power due to a fault or water leakage, the normal operation of the other assemblies will not be affected.

[0041] When the above-mentioned sound and light induced vertical slot fishway fish attracting system based on automatic parameter optimization is in operation, the technicians input the single group test duration dT of the parameter automatic optimization test, the optical fish attracting parameter range, including the minimum angle, maximum angle, minimum relative light intensity and maximum relative light intensity, namely X1min, X1max, X2min and X2max, and the acoustic fish attracting parameter range, including the minimum frequency, maximum frequency, minimum additional amplitude and maximum additional amplitude, namely X3min, X3max, X4min and X4max, through the sound and light signal acquisition and control system. The data analyzer traverses all parameter combinations within the optimization range in units of a single group test duration, sends sound and light parameters to the sound and light induction component, calculates the fish passing success rate of each parameter combination, and automatically optimizes based on the fish passing success rate. The specific method is:

[0042] Read the duration of a single group of fishway parameter automatic optimization tests, marked as dT; set the acoustic fish attracting parameters to zero, read the range of optical fish attracting parameters, including minimum angle, maximum angle, minimum relative light intensity and maximum relative light intensity, marked as X1min, X1max, X2min and X2max; traverse the combination of angles and relative light intensities in units of a single group of tests; the signal controller is responsible for sending light intensity, angle, amplitude and frequency signals to each acoustic and optical fish attracting component, where the light intensity is equal to the background light intensity plus the relative light intensity, and the amplitude is equal to the background noise amplitude plus the additional amplitude; the data analyzer is responsible for recording the number of fish recorded by the fish identification and counting devices at the entrance and exit of the fishway in each single group of tests and calculating the success rate of fish passing, which is equal to the number of fish at the exit divided by the number of fish at the entrance, marked as Y; the highest success rate of fish passing is used as the standard, and the best fish passing is selected. The optimal angle and relative light intensity are set; the optical fish attracting parameters are set to the optimal values ​​found, and the range of acoustic fish attracting parameters is read, including the minimum frequency, maximum frequency, minimum additional amplitude and maximum additional amplitude, which are marked as X3min, X3max, X4min and X4max; the combination of frequency and relative amplitude is traversed in units of a single group of experiments; the signal controller is responsible for sending light intensity, angle, amplitude and frequency signals to each sound and light fish attracting component, where the light intensity is equal to the background light intensity plus the relative light intensity, and the amplitude is equal to the background noise amplitude plus the additional amplitude; the data analyzer is responsible for recording the number of fish recorded by the fish identification and counting devices at the entrance and exit of the fishway in each single group of experiments and calculating the success rate of fish passing, which is equal to the number of fish at the exit divided by the number of fish at the entrance, marked as Y; the optimal frequency and additional amplitude are selected based on the maximum success rate of fish passing.

[0043] After obtaining the optimal parameters, the fish passing success rate and the optimal parameter group under each parameter combination condition are output, and all the sound and light induction components are controlled to operate stably and long-term with the optimal parameters.

[0044] The data analyzer is provided with a data recording and printing output module, which is used to print out the fish passing success rate matrix corresponding to the optical fish attracting parameter angle and relative light intensity; output the fish passing success rate matrix corresponding to the acoustic fish attracting parameter frequency and additional amplitude; output the optimal angle and relative light intensity; output the optimal frequency and additional amplitude for technical research.

[0045] The vertical slot fishway 1 is curved and composed of multiple arc-shaped sections. More specifically, the geometry of the vertical slot fishway 1 is based on the curvature of natural river channels with similar depth and width near the project site, and is adjusted based on the geometric constraints of the project plan. The size and spacing of the vertical slots are designed based on the flow parameters preferred by the fish, determined by mathematical or physical model testing. The layout of the vertical slots 12 accommodates both single and double slots.

[0046] This fish-attracting system can be used not only in newly constructed fish passages but also in existing ones. Specifically, existing vertical slot fishways can be retrofitted with various acoustic and visual fish attracting components, along with an acoustic and visual signal acquisition and control system, detectors for fish identification and counting, and an acoustic and visual background collector. The acoustic and visual signals and power supply are routed through the excavated floor of the pond, ensuring waterproofing.

[0047] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments. The above-mentioned specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, which all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An acoustic and optical induction vertical slot fishway fish attracting system based on automatic parameter optimization, characterized in that: Including vertical slot fishway and sound and light signal acquisition control system, The vertical slot fishway is divided into a plurality of pool chambers by a plurality of vertical slot wing walls, and a sound and light fish attracting assembly is installed at the bottom edge of each vertical slot channel, and the sound and light fish attracting assembly emits signals in the same direction, toward the downstream; A detector of a fish identification and counting device is provided at the entrance and exit of the vertical slot fishway, and an acoustic and optical background collector is provided at the entrance of the vertical slot fishway. The sound and light signal acquisition and control system is provided with a signal analysis and control component and a power supply component. The signal analysis and control component is provided with a signal controller and a data analyzer. The signal controller sends light intensity, angle, amplitude, and frequency signals to each of the sound and light fish attracting components in real time, wherein the light intensity is equal to the background light intensity plus the relative light intensity, and the amplitude is equal to the background noise amplitude plus the additional amplitude. The background light intensity and background noise are obtained in real time by the sound and light background collector. The relative light intensity, angle, frequency, and additional amplitude are obtained by the data analyzer by traversing all parameter combinations within the optimization range in units of a single group of test duration and optimizing based on the maximum fish passing success rate. The sound and light fish attracting components maintain stable operation under optimal parameter conditions under the coordinated cooperation of the signal controller and the data analyzer.

2. The acoustic and optical induction vertical slot fishway fish attracting and luring system based on automatic parameter optimization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The main body of the sound and light fish luring component is arranged in a capsule-shaped cabin, and the cabin is provided with an arc-shaped transparent glass cover. The main body of the sound and light fish luring component is provided with an LED lamp and an onomatopoeic vibration device, and the LED lamp and the onomatopoeic vibration device are installed on an arc-shaped shell, and the arc-shaped shell is rotatably installed on a support shaft, and the support shaft is fixed on a bottom plate, and two guide rails composed of arc-shaped racks are provided on the bottom plate, and the guide rails are located on the outside of the arc-shaped shell, and the two are connected by a clamping structure, and a driving gear meshing with the inner side of the guide rail is provided in the arc-shaped shell, and the driving gear is driven by a motor, and the motor is fixed in the arc-shaped shell, and the motor is controlled by the signal controller; a frosted glass sheet is sealed in front of the LED lamp and the onomatopoeic vibration device.

3. The acoustic and optical induction vertical slot fishway fish attracting and luring system based on automatic parameter optimization according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping structure includes a guide rod fixed on the top of the arc-shaped shell, the guide rod passes through the gap between the two guide rails, a movable pressure plate is mounted on the guide rod, a back plate is fixed on the top of the guide rod, a spring is clamped between the back plate and the movable pressure plate, and four driven gears are connected to the movable pressure plate, two of the driven gears on one side, and the driven gears on both sides are respectively engaged with the outer sides of the two guide rails.

4. The acoustic and optical induction vertical slot fishway fish attracting and luring system based on automatic parameter optimization according to claim 2, characterized in that: A water leakage detection needle is provided below the bottom plate and is vertically fixed thereto. The water leakage detection needle is connected to the signal controller.

5. The acoustic and optical induction vertical slot fishway fish attracting and luring system based on automatic parameter optimization according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sound and light fish attracting component is provided with a base, and the capsule-shaped cabin is fixedly connected to the base.

6. The acoustic and optical induction vertical slot fishway fish attracting and luring system based on automatic parameter optimization according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sound and light signals of the sound and light fish attracting components on the same cross section of the vertical slot fishway are connected in series with the signal control unit, and the sound and light signals of the sound and light fish attracting components on different cross sections are connected in parallel; the power supplies of all the sound and light fish attracting components are independent of each other and are powered by the power supply component.

7. The acoustic and optical induction vertical slot fishway fish attracting and luring system based on automatic parameter optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of traversal optimization based on the success rate of fish passing by the data analyzer is: The duration of a single group of fishway parameter automatic optimization tests is read, marked as dT; the acoustic fish attracting parameters are set to zero, and the range of optical fish attracting parameters is read, including the minimum angle, maximum angle, minimum relative light intensity, and maximum relative light intensity, marked as X1min, X1max, X2min, and X2max; the combination of angles and relative light intensities is traversed in units of a single group of test duration; the signal controller is responsible for sending light intensity, angle, amplitude, and frequency signals to each acoustic and optical fish attracting component, where the light intensity is equal to the background light intensity plus the relative light intensity, and the amplitude is equal to the background noise amplitude plus the additional amplitude; the data analyzer is responsible for recording the number of fish recorded by the fish identification and counting devices at the entrance and exit of the fishway in each single group of tests and calculating the fish passing success rate, which is equal to the number of fish at the exit divided by the number of fish at the entrance, marked as Y; Taking the maximum success rate of fish passing as the standard, the optimal angle and relative light intensity are selected; Set the optical fish-luring parameters to the optimal values ​​found, and read the acoustic fish-luring parameter range, including the minimum frequency, maximum frequency, minimum additional amplitude, and maximum additional amplitude, marked as X3min, X3max, X4min, and X4max; traverse the combination of frequency and relative amplitude in units of the duration of a single group of experiments; the signal controller is responsible for sending light intensity, angle, amplitude, and frequency signals to each acoustic and optical fish-luring component, where the light intensity is equal to the background light intensity plus the relative light intensity, and the amplitude is equal to the background noise amplitude plus the additional amplitude; the data analyzer is responsible for recording the number of fish recorded by the fish identification and counting devices at the entrance and exit of the fishway in each single group of experiments and calculating the fish passing success rate, which is equal to the number of fish at the exit divided by the number of fish at the entrance, marked as Y; select the optimal frequency and additional amplitude based on the maximum fish passing success rate.

8. The acoustic and optical induction vertical slot fishway fish attracting and luring system based on automatic parameter optimization according to claim 7, characterized in that: The data analyzer is provided with a data recording and printing output module.

9. The acoustic and optical induction vertical slot fishway fish attracting and luring system based on automatic parameter optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical slot fishway is curved and consists of multiple arc structures.

10. The acoustic and optical induction vertical slot fishway fish attracting and luring system based on automatic parameter optimization according to claim 9, characterized in that: The geometric shape of the vertical slot fishway is determined based on the curved shape of natural river channels with similar depth and width conditions near the project area, and is adjusted based on the geometric constraints of the project plane; the size and spacing of the vertical slot channels are designed based on the flow parameters preferred by the fish passing objects, and are determined by mathematical models or physical model experiments.

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