An underground water influence faulted slope similar experiment device and model establishment method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of underground water influence containing fault slope similarity experiment device and model establishing method, including test infiltration system and test table system;Test table system includes test table body, test table body is set with a bottom plate and water inlet plate and drainage plate opposite to the side edge of bottom plate, water inlet plate is provided with water inlet, drainage plate is provided with drainage hole, water inlet is communicated with water supply pipe and is set;Bottom plate is located between water inlet plate and drainage plate and is provided with slope fault model, slope fault model includes the slope section, fault section and horizontal section along the direction of water inlet plate to drainage plate, and detection sensor assembly is provided in slope fault model.The application can simulate the deformation characteristics of underground water influence containing fault slope, so that the research of such slope problem is intuitive, simple, economical, fast, accurate.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of faulted slope model, in particular to a similar experiment device for a groundwater-affected faulted slope and a model establishing method. BACKGROUND

[0002] There are many studies on the stability of slopes, which mainly consider only the fault-related parameters or the seepage of groundwater, and the coupling of faults and groundwater in the slope is relatively less. However, both faults and groundwater are important factors that control the stability of slopes, and the coupling of faults and groundwater is common in open-pit mines. In this case, not only will the groundwater change the physical and mechanical properties of the fault filling medium, activating the fault, but the fault will also affect the seepage characteristics of the groundwater, and the interaction mechanism is very complex. At present, the research methods for such problems are mainly numerical simulation and theoretical analysis.

[0003] The prior art carries out engineering geological investigation and two-dimensional seismic geophysical investigation on the slope of the research area to determine the occurrence of faults and the occurrence of groundwater, carries out pumping test calculation and analysis to obtain seepage parameters, establishes a numerical model based on the formation mechanism of faults in the theory of geological body structure and the activation of faults by groundwater, considers the fault tectonic stress and the Mohr-Coulomb criterion, and studies the deformation and failure of the faulted slope under the action of seepage. However, the related test research carried out in the field requires a lot of manpower and material resources, and is time-consuming and labor-intensive. At the same time, it is not intuitive to understand the stress change and failure process of the slope and the internal state, and the observation is often restricted or even affected by production. At the same time, due to the use of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the results are quite different from the actual engineering due to the closeness of the related conditions to the field geological conditions.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a model similar to the original slope situation for the study of the stability of such slopes, thereby reducing the investment of manpower and physical resources, and enabling more intuitive and accurate research on the stability of slopes. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a similar experiment device for a groundwater-affected faulted slope, comprising a seepage test system and a test bench system.

[0007] The seepage test system comprises a nitrogen tank and a water tank, the nitrogen tank is in communication with the water tank, and a water supply pipe is provided on the water tank.

[0008] The test-bed system comprises a test-bed body, the test-bed body is provided with a bottom plate in the shape of a Greek letter, and water inlet plates and water outlet plates are provided opposite to the two side edges of the bottom plate, the water inlet plates are provided with water inlet holes, the water outlet plates are provided with water outlet holes, and the water inlet holes are in communication with the water supply pipes; a slope fault model is arranged on the bottom plate between the water inlet plates and the water outlet plates, the slope fault model comprises a slope section, a fault section and a horizontal section arranged in the direction from the water inlet plate to the water outlet plate, and a detection sensor assembly is arranged in the slope fault model.

[0009] The present application can simulate the deformation characteristics of a slope containing a fault under the influence of underground water, and can make the research on such slope problems intuitive, simple, economical, fast and accurate, and can adjust the fault-related parameters by fixing certain parameters, adjusting the seepage conditions of underground water and changing the fault filling materials and proportions, so as to simulate and study the slope deformation law under different working conditions.

[0010] Optionally, a gas supply pipe is arranged at the top end of the nitrogen tank in communication with the nitrogen tank, a water supply pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the water tank, a pressure relief valve is arranged on the gas supply pipe, and a water pressure and flow sensor is arranged on the water supply pipe.

[0011] Further, a plurality of water inlet holes are arranged along the height direction of the water inlet plate, and a plurality of water outlet holes are arranged along the height direction of the water outlet plate, and a blocking piece is detachably arranged at the end of each water inlet hole facing the test seepage system.

[0012] Further, the test-bed system further comprises two baffle assemblies vertically arranged on the side edges of the water inlet plate and the water outlet plate, and each baffle assembly comprises a plurality of unit baffles, and each unit baffle is detachably connected to the water outlet plate and the water inlet plate.

[0013] Further, the slope fault model is provided with a speckle coating on the end surface perpendicular to the water inlet plate and the water outlet plate, and a water-proof coating is arranged outside the speckle coating.

[0014] Further, the sensor assembly comprises a pressure sensor arranged in the slope section, and a groundwater seepage sensor arranged in the horizontal section.

[0015] Further, a plurality of weak surface layers are arranged in the slope fault model, and the weak surface layers are made of mica powder.

[0016] The present application also provides a method for establishing a similar experimental model of a slope containing a fault under the influence of underground water, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1, determining a basic model, selecting a field slope engineering geological model as a basic model, and conducting a field investigation on the basic model to determine the spatial structure of the basic model and the position, size and rock mass mechanical parameters of each part of the basic model;

[0018] S2, slope fault model parameter calculation, based on the position, size and rock mass mechanical parameters of each part of the basic model in S1, according to the similarity theorem, the corresponding physical size parameters, position and rock mass mechanical parameters of the slope fault model are calculated;

[0019] S3, selecting model materials, using aggregate and cementing material as model manufacturing materials, and according to the geological structure of the basic model, mica powder is selected as the manufacturing material of the weak surface at the weak surface position of the model;

[0020] S4, model making, arranging the test bed system, arranging the corresponding model in the test bed system according to the parameter calculation results in S2 and the determination results of the position of each part of each model;

[0021] S5, model seepage setting, connecting the seepage system to the test bed system of the slope fault model established in S4, simulating the underground water flow, water pressure and water level according to the basic model, and adjusting the flow, water pressure and water injection position of the seepage system.

[0022] Preferably, in S3, the aggregate includes river sand, barite and mica powder, and the cementing material includes gypsum, vaseline, cement, lime and kaolin.

[0023] Further, in S4, the following steps are included:

[0024] S41, determining the relative position of the fault in the slope and the fault size;

[0025] S42, using the ramming filling method to accumulate different layer models, installing unit baffles from bottom to top in sequence for model laying, after completing the model laying of the current unit baffle corresponding layer, installing the adjacent unit baffle above to lay the model of the adjacent layer above, and tamping each layer of material;

[0026] S43, supporting the model material with a template of corresponding width at the fault position according to the fault width;

[0027] S44, arranging pressure sensors at the positions to be detected in the model and setting speckle displacement detection points on the end surface of the model;

[0028] S45, natural curing for 10-15 days, after the model is dried and shaped, remove the baffle and wood board, fill the material in the fault, and seal the opening positions at both ends of the fault.

[0029] Further, in the S42, materials are selected, test pieces are processed and performance tests are conducted according to similar material simulation matching requirements, and mica powder is uniformly spread between each layer.

[0030] Further, the filling material in the fault is selected from sand, lime powder, mica powder and talc powder with different particle sizes.

[0031] Further, in the S5, the following steps are included:

[0032] S51, a plurality of water inlet holes are reserved on one side of the test bench system along the vertical height direction, the plurality of water inlet holes are spaced apart from each other by 20mm, and a pressure sensor mounting groove is reserved at the water inlet hole, according to the water level elevation of the base model, corresponding water inlet holes are selected in the similar height direction of the slope fault model for water injection;

[0033] S52, the nitrogen tank in the test system supplies pressure to the water tank, according to the data of water pressure and flow in the base model, the test system controls the similar water pressure and water flow of the water injection hole.

[0034] Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter in the description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the application will become apparent and be readily appreciated from the following description, including the appended drawings.

[0036] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic view of a groundwater influence containing fault slope similar experiment device according to the application;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of a method for establishing a groundwater influence containing fault slope similar experiment model according to the application;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a specific step schematic view of the S4 step of the method for establishing a groundwater influence containing fault slope similar experiment model according to the application;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a specific step schematic view of the S5 step of another method for establishing a groundwater influence containing fault slope similar experiment model according to the application.

[0040] Explanation of reference signs:

[0041] 1, nitrogen tank; 2, pressure relief valve; 3, water inlet hole; 4, water tank; 5, water pressure and flow sensor; 6, displacement monitoring speckle; 7, test bench; 8, pressure sensor; 9, fault; 10, groundwater seepage sensor; 11, steel baffle; 12, drainage hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference signs represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0043] The present application provides a groundwater influence containing fault 9 slope deformation similar experiment device, which is described in detail below. Figures 1 to 4 It should be noted that in the Figure 1 baffle assembly itself is a detachable assembly, and the state shown in the figure is the completed state of the slope fault model, so the installation position of the baffle assembly during modeling is indicated by a dashed line.

[0044] A groundwater influence containing fault 9 slope deformation similar experiment device, comprising a test seepage system and a test bench system;

[0045] The test seepage system comprises a nitrogen tank 1 and a water tank 4, the nitrogen tank 1 is in communication with the water tank 4, and a water supply pipe is provided on the water tank 4, the nitrogen tank 1 and the water tank 4 are in communication at the top end and are provided with a gas supply pipe, the water supply pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the water tank 4, the gas supply pipe is provided with a pressure relief valve 2, and the water supply pipe is provided with a water pressure and flow sensor;

[0046] The test bench system comprises a test bench 7 body, the test bench 7 body is in the shape of a n-shaped plate and is provided with a bottom plate and water inlet plates and drainage plates arranged opposite to the two side edges of the bottom plate, the water inlet plates are provided with water inlet holes 3, the drainage plates are provided with drainage holes 12, and the water inlet holes 3 are in communication with the water supply pipe; the bottom plate is provided with a slope fault model between the water inlet plates and the drainage plates, the slope fault model comprises a slope section, a fault 9 section and a horizontal section arranged in the direction from the water inlet plate to the drainage plate, and the slope fault model is provided with a detection sensor assembly.

[0047] The present application can simulate the deformation characteristics of the groundwater influence containing fault 9 slope, which makes the research of such slope problems intuitive, simple, economical, fast, accurate, and can adjust the groundwater seepage conditions, change the fault 9 filling materials and proportions to adjust the fault 9 related parameters according to the needs, so as to simulate and study the slope deformation law under different working conditions.

[0048] Further, in order to inject water at different water levels according to the water level in the actual situation, a plurality of water inlet holes 3 are arranged along the height direction of the water inlet plate, a plurality of drainage holes 12 are arranged along the height direction of the water outlet plate, and the end of the water inlet hole 3 facing the test seepage system is detachably provided with a plugging member. After selecting the water injection hole corresponding to the height, the non-selected water injection hole is plugged by using the plugging member.

[0049] Meanwhile, considering that various powders are used as raw materials when the model is made, and the test table 7 in the shape of a Chinese character 'n' needs to be plugged at both ends to form a modeling space that can put various raw materials and the raw materials cannot leak out, therefore, the test table system further comprises two baffle assemblies vertically arranged on the side of the water inlet plate and the water outlet plate, the baffle assembly comprises a plurality of unit baffles, and each unit baffle is detachably connected with the water outlet plate and the water inlet plate. When modeling, the staff installs the unit baffles from bottom to top, two unit baffles arranged horizontally are a group, after the installation of each group of unit baffles is completed, the raw materials are filled in the horizontal layer corresponding to the group of unit baffles, and the model shape is rammed, after the modeling of the layer is completed, the unit baffles of the adjacent upper layer are installed, and the model of the layer corresponding to the upper unit baffles is established again, and the whole model is built in sequence from bottom to top according to the method. Meanwhile, a weak surface layer is arranged between each layer, and mica powder is used as the material for making the weak surface layer.

[0050] After the modeling is completed, in order to facilitate the detection of the whole model, the sensor assembly needs to be installed, the sensor assembly comprises a pressure sensor 8 arranged in the slope section and a groundwater seepage sensor 10 arranged in the horizontal section, meanwhile, a speckle coating is arranged on the end surface of the slope fault model perpendicular to the water inlet plate and the water outlet plate, which is used for detecting the speckle position by using an external instrument, and in order to ensure that the water flow does not flow out from the two end surfaces of the model entity, a waterproof coating is arranged outside the speckle coating.

[0051] The application also provides a method for establishing a similar experimental model of a faulted slope affected by groundwater, comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1, determining a basic model, selecting a field slope engineering geological model as the basic model, and conducting field investigation on the basic model to determine the spatial structure of the basic model and the position, size and rock mass mechanical parameters of each part of the basic model;

[0053] S2, calculating the parameters of the slope fault model, based on the position, size and rock mass mechanical parameters of each part of the basic model in S1, and according to the similar three theorem, calculating the corresponding physical size parameters, position and rock mass mechanical parameters of the slope fault model;

[0054] S3, selecting model materials, selecting aggregate and cementing material as model manufacturing materials, and according to the geological structure of the basic model, selecting mica powder as the manufacturing material of the weak surface at the weak surface position of the model;

[0055] S4, manufacturing the model, arranging the test bench system, arranging the corresponding model in the test bench system according to the parameter calculation results in S2 and the determination results of the positions of each part of each model;

[0056] S5, model seepage setting, connecting the seepage test system to the test bench system in which the slope fault model is established in S4, and adjusting the flow, water pressure and water injection position of the seepage test system according to the underground water flow, water pressure and water level elevation in the basic model.

[0057] More specifically, in S3, the aggregate includes river sand, barite and mica powder, and the cementing material includes gypsum, vaseline, cement, lime and kaolin.

[0058] Further, in S4, manufacturing the model includes the following steps:

[0059] S41, determining the relative position of the fault 9 in the slope and the size of the fault 9;

[0060] S42, using the ramming filling method to accumulate different layer models, installing unit baffles from bottom to top in sequence for model laying, after completing the model laying of the layer corresponding to the current unit baffle, installing the adjacent unit baffle above to lay the model of the adjacent layer above, and tamping each layer of material;

[0061] S43, supporting the model material with a template of corresponding width at the position of the fault 9 according to the width of the fault 9;

[0062] S44, arranging pressure sensors 8 at the positions to be detected in the model and setting speckle displacement detection points on the end surface of the model;

[0063] S45, natural curing for 10-15 days, after the model is dried and shaped, remove the baffle and the wood board, fill the material in the fault 9, and seal the opening positions at both ends of the fault 9.

[0064] In S42, materials are selected, test pieces are processed and performance tests are conducted according to the requirements of similar material simulation proportioning, and each layer is uniformly spread with mica powder.

[0065] After the model is established, the fault 9 needs to be filled, and the filling material in the fault 9 is selected from sand, lime powder, mica powder and talc powder with different particle sizes.

[0066] After the modeling of S4 is completed, the seepage test system needs to be debugged, that is, in S5, the following steps are included:

[0067] S51, a plurality of drainage holes 12 are reserved on one side of the test bench system along the vertical height direction, the plurality of drainage holes 12 are spaced 20mm apart from each other, and a pressure sensor 8 installation slot is reserved at the water inlet hole 3, according to the water level elevation of the basic model, a corresponding water inlet hole 3 is selected in the similar height direction of the slope fault model for water injection;

[0068] S52, the nitrogen tank 1 in the test system supplies pressure to the water tank 4, according to the data of water pressure and flow in the basic model, the test system controls the similar water pressure and water flow of the water injection hole.

[0069] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example", "a specific example", or "some examples" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, different embodiments or examples described in the present specification and the features of different embodiments or examples can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.

[0070] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0071] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations of the embodiments can be made without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for establishing a similar experimental model of the influence of groundwater on fault-bearing slopes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Determine the basic model, select the on-site slope engineering geological model as the basic model, conduct on-site investigation of the basic model, determine the rock strata spatial structure of the basic model, and determine the location, size and rock mass mechanical parameters of each part of the basic model; S2. Calculation of slope fault model parameters: Based on the position, size and rock mechanics parameters of each part of the basic model in S1, the physical size parameters, position and rock mechanics parameters of the slope fault model are calculated according to the three similarity theorems. S3. Select model materials. Use aggregate and binder as model making materials. Based on the geological structure of the basic model, use mica powder as the material for the weak surface of the model. S4. Construct a model and set up the test bench system. Based on the parameter calculation results in S2 and the determination results of the positions of each part of each model, arrange the corresponding models in the test bench system. The test bench system includes a test bench body, which is U-shaped and has a base plate, a water inlet plate and a drainage plate set on both sides of the base plate. The slope fault model is provided with a speckled coating on the end face perpendicular to the water inlet plate and the drainage plate, and a water-proof coating is provided outside the speckled coating. The slope fault model includes a slope section, a fault section and a horizontal section set along the direction from the water inlet plate to the drainage plate. The slope fault model is provided with a detection sensor assembly and several weak surface layers made of mica powder. S5. Model seepage settings: Connect the test bench system of the slope fault model established in S4 to the seepage test system. Perform similar simulations based on the groundwater flow rate, water pressure and water level in the basic model, and adjust the flow rate, water pressure and water injection position of the seepage test system.

2. The method for establishing a similar experimental model of groundwater influence on fault-bearing slopes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The infiltration test system includes a nitrogen tank and a water tank, the nitrogen tank and the water tank are connected and connected to a water supply pipe; The test bench is also equipped with two baffle assemblies vertically disposed on the sides of the water inlet plate and the drainage plate. The water inlet plate is provided with a water inlet hole, and the drainage plate is provided with a drainage hole. The water inlet hole is connected to the water supply pipe. The slope fault model is disposed on the bottom plate between the water inlet plate and the drainage plate. The baffle assembly includes multiple unit baffles, and each unit baffle is detachably connected to the drainage plate and the water inlet plate.

3. The method for establishing a similar experimental model of groundwater influence on fault-bearing slopes as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The nitrogen tank is connected to the top of the water tank by a gas supply pipe, and the water supply pipe is located at the bottom of the water tank. The gas supply pipe is equipped with a depressurization valve, and the water supply pipe is equipped with a water pressure and flow sensor.

4. The method for establishing a similar experimental model of groundwater influence on fault-bearing slopes as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Multiple water inlets are provided along the height direction of the water inlet plate, and several drainage holes are provided along the height direction of the drainage plate. Each end of the water inlet facing the test seepage system can be detachably equipped with a sealing component.

5. The method for establishing a similar experimental model of groundwater influence on fault-bearing slopes as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The sensor assembly includes a pressure sensor disposed in the slope section and a groundwater seepage sensor disposed in the horizontal section.

6. A method for establishing a similar experimental model of groundwater influence on fault-bearing slopes as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, In S3, the aggregates include river sand, barite, and mica powder, and the binders include gypsum, petrolatum, cement, lime, and kaolin.

7. The method for establishing a similar experimental model of groundwater influence on fault-bearing slopes as described in claim 6, characterized in that, S4 includes the following steps: S41. Determine the relative location of the fault in the slope and the size of the fault; S42. The model of different layers is accumulated by ramming and filling. Unit baffles are installed from bottom to top to lay the model. After the model of the corresponding layer of the current unit baffle is laid, the adjacent unit baffle above is installed to lay the model of the adjacent layer above, and each layer of material is rammed. S43. At the fault location, use templates of corresponding width to support the model material according to the fault width; S44. Install pressure sensors at the locations to be detected on the model and set speckle displacement detection points on the end face of the model; S45. Allow the model to dry and set naturally for 10-15 days. After this, remove the baffles and wooden boards, fill the fracture with material, and seal the openings at both ends of the fracture.

8. The method for establishing a similar experimental model of groundwater influence on fault-bearing slopes as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In step S42, materials are selected, specimens are processed, and performance is tested according to the requirements of similar material simulation ratio, and mica powder is evenly spread between each layer.

9. The method for establishing a similar experimental model of groundwater influence on fault-bearing slopes as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The filling materials in the fault are sand, lime powder, mica powder and talc powder of different particle sizes.

10. The method for establishing a similar experimental model of groundwater influence on fault-bearing slopes as described in claim 6, characterized in that, S5 includes the following steps: S51. Multiple water inlets are reserved on one side of the test bench system along the vertical height direction. The multiple water inlets are spaced 20mm apart from each other, and pressure sensor mounting slots are reserved at the water inlets. According to the water level elevation of the foundation model, the corresponding water inlets are selected in the similar height direction in the slope fault model for water injection. S52. The nitrogen tank in the test infiltration system supplies pressure to the water tank. Based on the water pressure and flow data in the basic model, the test infiltration system controls the supply of similar water pressure and flow to the injection holes.

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