Device for preparing three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam

Abstract

The present invention relates to a three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam preparation device, comprising: a first vacuum shell, a second vacuum shell, an atomic source, two pairs of opposite-direction two-dimensional cooling light sources, two optical adhesives, a pair of opposite-direction deflection light sources, and a glass window. The above-mentioned three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam preparation device uses two frequency-adjustable optical adhesives to generate opposite-direction light in the direction of the incident atomic beam, and at the same time connects a glass window that penetrates the nozzle along the first direction to the connection between the two vacuum shells, ensuring that the atomic beam has a smaller beam waist after entering the second vacuum cavity, while maintaining the opposite-direction light of the two optical adhesives in the two vacuum cavities, and by arranging a pair of opposite-direction deflection light sources to generate opposite-direction deflection light in the second vacuum cavity, the outgoing atomic beam formed by the deflection of the incident atomic beam is emitted from the exit port, thereby achieving the effects of low fluorescence leakage, small size, compact structure, and simple optical path.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of quantum precision measurement based on cold atoms, and in particular to a device for preparing a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam. Background Art

[0002] In the applied field of atomic physics, the production of high-throughput cold atom beams is a major prerequisite for conducting basic research and applications. Their applications are extensive, encompassing atomic clocks, atom interferometers, ultra-precision atomic and molecular spectroscopy, atomic lithography, and Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) experiments, among many others.

[0003] Currently, there are two main methods for producing continuous cold atom beams: one is based on a hot atomic beam source, which is then decelerated longitudinally and cooled transversely using lasers, such as a Zeeman slower. The other method is based on magneto-optical trapping (MOT) technology, which directly cools and traps atoms from a hot atomic vapor and then continuously ejects them using the imbalance in optical pressure. Depending on the magnetic field used, this method is further divided into 3D-MOT or low velocity intensity source (LVIS), 2D+-MOT, and 2D-MOT.

[0004] Achieving a cold atomic beam with a three-dimensional cooling temperature close to or below the Doppler cooling limit is of great value for improving subsequent detection sensitivity. For example, it can effectively enhance the contrast of interference fringes in atom interferometers. Furthermore, MOT-based cold atomic beam sources typically have a push light effect in the direction of the atomic beam's exit. The push light and atomic fluorescence entering the subsequent vacuum cavity can adversely affect subsequent measurements. For example, in atomic clocks, the push light and atomic fluorescence entering the microwave active region of the atomic clock will produce an optical frequency shift, degrading the atomic clock's performance. Similarly, in atom interferometers, the optical frequency shift can also adversely affect the sensitivity and stability of interferometric measurements.

[0005] In the prior art, the cold atom beam source based on MOT can usually only achieve cooling at or below the Doppler cooling limit in the transverse direction of the atomic beam. The velocity distribution in the longitudinal direction of the atomic beam is wide, much higher than the Doppler cooling limit, so it is difficult to prepare a three-dimensional cold atom beam. To this end, the patent document US20210243877A1 adopts a dual-cavity structure of 2D+-MOT and moving optical viscose (Moving Molasses, MM) to realize a continuous cold atom beam with three-dimensional cooling. However, the device in this technical solution has a complex system optical path and a large volume. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a preparation device for a three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beam to address the problems of a dual-cavity structure that uses 2D+-MOT and moving optical molasses (MM) to achieve three-dimensional cooling of a continuous cold atomic beam, a complex system optical path, and a large volume.

[0007] A device for preparing a three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beam comprises:

[0008] a first vacuum housing defining a first vacuum chamber with an axis along a first direction;

[0009] a second vacuum housing connected to the first vacuum housing, the second vacuum housing defining a second vacuum cavity, one end of the first vacuum cavity along a first direction being in communication with the second vacuum cavity, and the second vacuum housing being provided with an emission port;

[0010] an atom source, disposed on a side of the first vacuum housing at one end away from the second vacuum housing along the first direction, the atom source being in communication with the first vacuum chamber;

[0011] Two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources, wherein the light emitted by the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources is directed toward the center of the first vacuum chamber along a second direction and a third direction, respectively, wherein the second direction, the third direction, and the first direction are perpendicular to each other;

[0012] Two optical adhesives are respectively disposed at ends of the first vacuum housing and the second vacuum housing away from each other, so that the light beams generated by the two optical adhesives are directed toward each other along the first direction, and the two optical adhesives respectively have multiple frequencies;

[0013] a pair of opposing deflection light sources, wherein the light emitted by the opposing deflection light sources is directed toward the center of the second vacuum chamber, and the angle between the direction of the light emitted by the opposing deflection light sources and the first direction is 90°-θ, so that the incident atomic beam is deflected to form an outgoing atomic beam and then emitted from the exit port, 90°>θ>0°;

[0014] A glass window is connected to a connection between the first vacuum housing and the second vacuum housing, and the glass window is provided with a spray hole penetrating along the first direction.

[0015] In one embodiment, the device for preparing a three-dimensional cooled continuous atomic beam further includes a first magnetic field generating unit, which is used to generate a magnetic field extending along a first direction in the first vacuum chamber to control the beam waist of the incident atomic beam.

[0016] In one embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic field generating unit is a gradient magnetic field.

[0017] In one embodiment, the device for preparing a three-dimensional cooled continuous atomic beam further includes a second magnetic field generating unit, which is used to generate a magnetic field in the second vacuum chamber that extends along the emission direction of the emitted atomic beam to control the beam waist of the emitted atomic beam.

[0018] In one embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the second magnetic field generating unit is a gradient magnetic field.

[0019] In one embodiment, θ is 10-30°.

[0020] In one embodiment, a vacuum pump is further included, and the first vacuum housing and / or the second vacuum housing is connected to the vacuum pump.

[0021] In one embodiment, an anti-reflection film is coated on the surface of the glass window, and the anti-reflection film is used to enhance the transmittance of light emitted by the optical adhesive.

[0022] In one embodiment, the first vacuum housing has a first light-transmitting glass corresponding to the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources. The two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources located outside the first light-transmitting glass can generate two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling lights in the first vacuum cavity along the second direction and the third direction respectively through the corresponding first light-transmitting glass; the second vacuum housing has a second light-transmitting glass corresponding to the pair of opposing deflected light sources. The pair of opposing deflected light sources located outside the second light-transmitting glass can generate a pair of opposing deflected lights in the second vacuum cavity through the corresponding first light-transmitting glass along a direction with an angle of 90°-θ with the first direction.

[0023] In one embodiment, the first vacuum housing and the second vacuum housing each have a third light-transmitting glass at one end away from each other, one of the optical adhesives is disposed on the outer side of the third light-transmitting glass at the end of the first vacuum housing away from the second vacuum housing, and the other optical adhesive is disposed on the outer side of the third light-transmitting glass at the end of the second vacuum housing away from the first vacuum housing.

[0024] The above-mentioned three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam preparation device uses two frequency-adjustable optical adhesives to generate incident light in the direction of the incident atomic beam, and at the same time connects the nozzle glass window that penetrates along the first direction to the connection between the first vacuum shell and the second vacuum shell, thereby ensuring that the atomic beam has a smaller beam waist after entering the second vacuum cavity, while maintaining the incident light of the two optical adhesives in the first vacuum cavity and the second vacuum cavity. In addition, by setting a pair of incident deflection light sources to generate incident deflection light in the second vacuum cavity, the outgoing atomic beam formed by the deflection of the incident atomic beam is emitted from the exit port, thereby achieving the effects of low fluorescence leakage, small size, compact structure and simple optical path. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1It is a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam preparation device along the first direction and the second direction according to an embodiment.

[0026] Figure Number:

[0027] 110 - first vacuum housing; 111 - first vacuum chamber; 112 - first light-transmitting glass;

[0028] 120 - second vacuum housing; 121 - second vacuum chamber; 122 - exit port; 123 - exit flange; 124 - second light-transmitting glass;

[0029] 130-Atomic Source;

[0030] 140- 2D cooling light source;

[0031] 150-optical adhesive; 151-first optical adhesive; 152-second optical adhesive; 153-third light-transmitting glass;

[0032] 160-reflective deflection light source;

[0033] 170-incident atomic beam; 171-outgoing atomic beam;

[0034] 180-glass window; 181-spray hole;

[0035] 190 - first magnetic field generating unit; 191 - second magnetic field generating unit;

[0036] 210-vacuum pump;

[0037] XX'-first direction; YY'-second direction; ZZ'-third direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more readily apparent, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description sets forth numerous specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0040] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0041] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection; direct connection, or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components, or interaction between two components, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0042] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0043] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation methods.

[0044] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 A cross-sectional view along a first direction XX' and a second direction YY' of a device for preparing a three-dimensional cooled continuous atomic beam in one embodiment of the present invention is shown. The device for preparing a three-dimensional cooled continuous atomic beam provided by one embodiment of the present invention includes: a first vacuum housing 110, a second vacuum housing 120, an atomic source 130, two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources 140, two optical adhesives 150, a pair of opposing deflection light sources 160, and a glass window 180.

[0045] The first vacuum housing 110 defines a first vacuum chamber 111 along a first direction XX' along its axis. The second vacuum housing 120 is connected to the first vacuum housing 110 and defines a second vacuum chamber 121. One end of the first vacuum chamber 111 along the first direction XX' is in communication with the second vacuum chamber 121. The second vacuum housing 120 is provided with an emission port 122.

[0046] The atom source 130 is disposed on a side surface of the first vacuum housing 110 at one end thereof away from the second vacuum housing 120 along the first direction XX′, and the atom source 130 is in communication with the first vacuum chamber 111 .

[0047] The light emitted by the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 is directed toward the center of the first vacuum chamber 111 along the second direction YY' and the third direction ZZ', respectively. The second direction YY', the third direction ZZ', and the first direction XX' are perpendicular to each other. Two optical adhesives 150 are disposed at ends of the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120, respectively, away from each other, so that the light beams generated by the two optical adhesives 150 are directed toward each other along the first direction XX'. The two optical adhesives 150 each have multiple frequencies. The light emitted by the opposing deflection light source 160 is directed toward the center of the second vacuum chamber 121. The direction of the light emitted by the opposing deflection light source 160 is at an angle of 90°-θ with the first direction XX', so that the incident atomic beam 170 is deflected to form an outgoing atomic beam 171, which is then emitted from the output port 122, where 90°>θ>0°. The glass window 180 is connected to the connection between the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120 . The glass window 180 is provided with a nozzle hole 181 penetrating along the first direction XX′.

[0048] During use of the above-described apparatus for preparing a three-dimensional cooled continuous atomic beam, the first vacuum housing 110 defines a first vacuum chamber 111 axially along a first direction XX'. A second vacuum housing 120 is connected to the first vacuum housing 110, defining a second vacuum chamber 121. One end of the first vacuum chamber 111 along the first direction XX' is in communication with the second vacuum chamber 112, ensuring that the atoms and the beam are in a vacuum environment, thereby ensuring the controllability of the atoms and the beam within the vacuum chamber. An atomic source 130 is disposed on a side of the first vacuum housing 110 away from the end of the second vacuum housing 120 along the first direction XX'. The atomic source 130 is in communication with the first vacuum chamber 111, releasing atoms into the first vacuum chamber 111.

[0049] Two optical adhesives 150 are disposed at ends of the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120, respectively, away from each other, so that the light beams generated by the two optical adhesives 150 face each other along a first direction XX'. The optical adhesive disposed in the first vacuum housing 110 is the first optical adhesive 151, and the optical adhesive disposed in the second vacuum housing 120 is the second optical adhesive 152. Therefore, the light beam emitted by the first optical adhesive 151 along the first direction XX' provides a thrust for atoms to move along the first direction XX' toward the second vacuum housing 120, forming an initial atomic beam.

[0050] The light emitted by the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 is directed toward the center of the first vacuum chamber 111 along the second direction YY' and the third direction ZZ', respectively. The second direction YY', the third direction ZZ', and the first direction XX' are perpendicular to each other. Therefore, the light emitted by the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 cools the initial atomic beam in the second direction YY' and the third direction ZZ', forming a two-dimensional cooling atomic beam. A glass window 180 is connected to the junction of the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120. The glass window 180 is provided with a nozzle 181 extending along the first direction XX'. The two-dimensional cooling atomic beam enters the second vacuum chamber 121 through the nozzle 181. At the same time, because the glass window 180 is light-transmissive, it can ensure that the light beams emitted by the two optical adhesives 150 remain opposing each other. Because the two optical adhesives 150 each have multiple frequencies, when the two-dimensional cooling atomic beam moves along the first direction XX' toward the second vacuum shell 120, the incident light emitted by the two optical adhesives 150 causes the two-dimensional cooling atomic beam to continuously cool along the first direction XX', thereby forming a three-dimensional cooling atomic beam, namely the incident atomic beam 170. At the same time, the frequencies of the two optical adhesives 150 can also be adjusted to control the cooling effect of the incident atomic beam 170 in the first direction XX'.

[0051] The light emitted by the incident deflection light source 160 is directed toward the center of the second vacuum chamber 121, and the angle between the direction of the light emitted by the incident deflection light source 160 and the first direction XX' is 90°-θ, so that the direction of the outgoing atomic beam 171 formed by the deflection of the incident atomic beam 170 is at an angle θ to the axial direction of the first vacuum chamber 111, and is emitted from the exit 122, thereby forming a three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam. At the same time, there is no beam at the exit angle, thereby avoiding the outgoing atomic beam 171 from being mixed with photons, thereby reducing fluorescence leakage and reducing the impact of fluorescence on the next-level action area.

[0052] The above-mentioned three-dimensional continuous cooling atomic beam preparation device uses two frequency-adjustable optical adhesives 150 to generate incident light in the direction of the incident atomic beam 170, and at the same time connects the glass window 180 that penetrates the nozzle 181 along the first direction XX' to the connection between the first vacuum shell 110 and the second vacuum shell 120, thereby ensuring that the atomic beam has a smaller beam waist after entering the second vacuum cavity 121, while maintaining the incident light of the two optical adhesives 150 in the first vacuum cavity 111 and the second vacuum cavity 121. In addition, by setting a pair of incident deflection light sources 160 in the second vacuum cavity 121, incident deflected light is generated, so that the outgoing atomic beam 171 formed by the deflection of the incident atomic beam 170 is emitted from the exit 122, thereby achieving the effects of low fluorescence leakage, small size, compact structure, adjustable first direction XX' of atomic beam cooling, and simple optical path.

[0053] Preferably, the axis of the nozzle 181 is the axis of the first vacuum chamber, so that the two-dimensional cooling atomic beam enters the second vacuum chamber 121 along the axis of the first vacuum chamber 111, and at the same time facilitates the calculation of the deflection direction of the incident deflection light source 160 and the selection of the position of the outlet 122.

[0054] Optionally, the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120 may be made of aluminum alloy, stainless steel, titanium alloy or glass.

[0055] Preferably, the inner diameter of the spray hole 181 is between 0.5 and 2 mm.

[0056] Optionally, the spray hole 181 is formed by ultrasonic or drilling.

[0057] Optionally, the atomic source 130 is a rubidium source or a cesium source of an alkali metal. The atomic source 130 allows atoms to enter the first vacuum chamber 111 to form atomic vapor by heating.

[0058] In one embodiment, the two vacuum housings are connected via a vacuum flange, thereby ensuring the vacuum degree of the two vacuum chambers.

[0059] In one embodiment, the nozzle hole 181 glass window 180 is made on the vacuum flange.

[0060] In one embodiment, the apparatus for preparing a three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beam further includes an atomic beam exit flange 123 , which is connected to the exit port 122 so that the exiting atomic beam 171 enters the next-level vacuum system.

[0061] In one embodiment, the apparatus for preparing a three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beam further includes a first magnetic field generating unit 190 , which is used to generate a magnetic field extending along a first direction XX′ in the first vacuum chamber 111 to control the beam waist of the incident atomic beam 170 and trap the atomic beam.

[0062] In one embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic field generating unit 190 is a gradient magnetic field to gradually control the beam waist of the incident atomic beam 170 and trap the atomic beam.

[0063] In another embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic field generating unit 190 has a constant magnetic induction intensity to control the beam waist of the incident atomic beam 170 and trap the atomic beam.

[0064] Alternatively, the first magnetic field generating unit 190 may be generated by a permanent magnet or an energized coil.

[0065] Optionally, the magnetic field generated by the first magnetic field generating unit 190 can be a three-dimensional gradient magnetic field, such as a 3D-MOT magnetic field formed by an anti-Helmholtz coil, or a two-dimensional gradient magnetic field, such as a 2D+-MOT magnetic field formed by four rectangular energized coils or quadrupole permanent magnets.

[0066] Optionally, the first magnetic field generating unit 190 may be placed inside the first vacuum chamber 111 or outside the first vacuum chamber 111 .

[0067] In one embodiment, the preparation device for three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beam also includes a second magnetic field generating unit 191, which is used to generate a magnetic field in the first vacuum chamber 111 that extends along the emission direction of the outgoing atomic beam 171 to control the beam waist of the outgoing atomic beam 171 and trap the atomic beam.

[0068] In one embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the second magnetic field generating unit 191 is a gradient magnetic field.

[0069] In another embodiment, the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field generated by the second magnetic field generating unit 191 is constant.

[0070] Optionally, the second magnetic field generating unit 191 may be generated by a permanent magnet or an energized coil.

[0071] Optionally, the magnetic field generated by the second magnetic field generating unit 191 can be a three-dimensional gradient magnetic field, such as a 3D-MOT magnetic field formed by an anti-Helmholtz coil, or a two-dimensional gradient magnetic field, such as a 2D+-MOT magnetic field formed by four rectangular energized coils or quadrupole permanent magnets.

[0072] Optionally, the second magnetic field generating unit 191 may be placed inside the second vacuum chamber 121 or outside the second vacuum chamber 121 .

[0073] Preferably, θ is 10-30°, thereby preventing the atomic beam emitted from the small hole from having an excessively large beam waist after deflection, while simplifying processing and optical path arrangement.

[0074] In this embodiment, the apparatus for preparing a three-dimensional cooled continuous atomic beam further includes a vacuum pump 210 , and the second vacuum housing 120 is connected to the vacuum pump 210 .

[0075] In another embodiment, the first vacuum housing 110 is connected to a vacuum pump 210 to maintain a certain vacuum degree in the first vacuum chamber 111 and the second vacuum chamber 121 .

[0076] In another embodiment, the first vacuum housing 110 is connected to the vacuum pump 210, and the second vacuum housing 120 is connected to the vacuum pump 210 to maintain a small pressure difference between the two vacuum chambers, thereby reducing the thickness of the glass window 180 while ensuring normal use of the glass window 180 to improve light transmittance.

[0077] In one embodiment, an anti-reflection film is coated on the surface of the glass window 180 to enhance the transmittance of light emitted by the two optical adhesives 150 , thereby ensuring more precise cooling adjustment of the atomic beam along the first direction XX′.

[0078] The first vacuum housing has at least one first light-transmitting glass corresponding to the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources, so that the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources located outside the first light-transmitting glass can respectively emit two-dimensional cooling light into the first vacuum cavity through the corresponding first light-transmitting glass; the second vacuum housing has a second light-transmitting glass corresponding to the pair of opposing deflected light sources, so that the pair of opposing deflected light sources located outside the second light-transmitting glass can respectively emit deflected light into the second vacuum cavity through the corresponding first light-transmitting glass.

[0079] In one embodiment, the first vacuum housing 110 includes a first light-transmitting glass 112 corresponding to two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources 140, such that the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 located outside the first light-transmitting glass 112 respectively emit two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light beams through the corresponding first light-transmitting glass 112 into the first vacuum chamber 111 along the second direction YY' and the third direction ZZ'. The second vacuum housing 120 includes a second light-transmitting glass 124 corresponding to a pair of opposing deflected light sources 160, such that the pair of opposing deflected light sources 160 located outside the second light-transmitting glass 124 generate a pair of opposing deflected light beams through the corresponding second light-transmitting glass 124 along a direction having an angle of 90°-θ with the first direction within the second vacuum chamber 121. Therefore, two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 and a pair of opposing deflection light sources 160 can be placed outside the first vacuum shell 110 and the second vacuum shell 120 respectively. The opposing two-dimensional cooling light can enter the first vacuum cavity 111 through the first light-transmitting glass 112, and the opposing deflected light can enter the second vacuum cavity 121 through the second light-transmitting glass 124, further reducing the volume of the preparation device for three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beams, while facilitating the replacement of the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 and the pair of opposing deflection light sources 160.

[0080] In one embodiment, the first light-transmitting glass 112 can be a cylindrical piece of glass. The two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 are disposed outside the first light-transmitting glass 112. The light beams generated by the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 pass through the first light-transmitting glass 112 and enter the first vacuum chamber 111, forming two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling lights. That is, in this embodiment, the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 correspond to the same two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources 140.

[0081] In another embodiment, four first light-transmitting glasses 112 are provided, corresponding one-to-one to two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 (i.e., four two-dimensional cooling light sources 140). Two of the first light-transmitting glasses 112 are positioned opposite each other along the second direction YY' and each faces the interior of the first vacuum chamber 111. The other two first light-transmitting glasses 112 are positioned opposite each other along the third direction ZZ' and each faces the interior of the first vacuum chamber 111. The two light sources 140 in one pair of two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 are located on opposite sides of the two first light-transmitting glasses 112 positioned opposite each other along the second direction YY'. The two light sources 140 in the other pair of two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 are located on opposite sides of the two first light-transmitting glasses 112 positioned opposite each other along the third direction ZZ'. This ensures that the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources 140 located outside the first vacuum housing 110 generate two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling lights within the first vacuum chamber 111 through their respective first light-transmitting glasses 112.

[0082] In one embodiment, a third light-transmitting glass 153 is provided at each end of the first vacuum housing 110 and the second vacuum housing 120, facing away from each other. One optical adhesive, namely a first optical adhesive 151, is disposed outside the light-transmitting glass at the end of the first vacuum housing 110 facing away from the second vacuum housing 120. Another optical adhesive, namely a second optical adhesive 152, is disposed outside the third light-transmitting glass 153 at the end of the second vacuum housing 120 facing away from the first vacuum housing 110. Therefore, the incident light generated by the two optical adhesives 150 can enter the first vacuum chamber 111 and the second vacuum chamber 121 through the third light-transmitting glass 153, further reducing the size of the apparatus for preparing a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam and facilitating replacement of the two optical adhesives 150.

[0083] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0084] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent for this invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A device for preparing a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam, characterized in that: The device for preparing the three-dimensionally cooled continuous atomic beam comprises: a first vacuum housing defining a first vacuum chamber with an axis along a first direction; a second vacuum housing connected to the first vacuum housing, the second vacuum housing defining a second vacuum cavity, one end of the first vacuum cavity along a first direction being in communication with the second vacuum cavity, and the second vacuum housing being provided with an emission port; an atom source, disposed on a side of the first vacuum housing at one end away from the second vacuum housing along the first direction, the atom source being in communication with the first vacuum chamber; Two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources, wherein the light emitted by the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources is directed toward the center of the first vacuum chamber along a second direction and a third direction, respectively, wherein the second direction, the third direction, and the first direction are perpendicular to each other; Two optical adhesives are respectively disposed at ends of the first vacuum housing and the second vacuum housing away from each other, so that the light beams generated by the two optical adhesives are directed toward each other along the first direction, and the two optical adhesives respectively have multiple frequencies; a pair of opposing deflection light sources, wherein the light emitted by the opposing deflection light sources is directed toward the center of the second vacuum chamber, and the angle between the direction of the light emitted by the opposing deflection light sources and the first direction is 90°-θ, so that the incident atomic beam is deflected to form an outgoing atomic beam and then emitted from the exit port, 90°>θ>0°; A glass window is connected to a connection between the first vacuum housing and the second vacuum housing, and the glass window is provided with a spray hole penetrating along the first direction.

2. The device for preparing a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device for preparing a three-dimensional cooled continuous atomic beam further includes a first magnetic field generating unit, which is used to generate a magnetic field extending along a first direction in the first vacuum chamber to control the beam waist of the incident atomic beam.

3. The device for preparing a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam according to claim 2, characterized in that: The magnetic field generated by the first magnetic field generating unit is a gradient magnetic field.

4. The device for preparing a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device for preparing a three-dimensional cooled continuous atomic beam further includes a second magnetic field generating unit, which is used to generate a magnetic field extending along the emission direction of the emitted atomic beam in the second vacuum chamber to control the beam waist of the emitted atomic beam.

5. The device for preparing a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam according to claim 4, characterized in that: The magnetic field generated by the second magnetic field generating unit is a gradient magnetic field.

6. The device for preparing a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam according to claim 1, characterized in that: θ is 10-30°.

7. The device for preparing a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vacuum pump is also included, and the first vacuum housing and / or the second vacuum housing are connected to the vacuum pump.

8. The device for preparing a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the glass window is coated with an anti-reflection film, and the anti-reflection film is used to enhance the transmittance of light emitted by the optical adhesive.

9. The device for preparing a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first vacuum housing has at least one first light-transmitting glass corresponding to the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources, so that the two pairs of opposing two-dimensional cooling light sources located outside the first light-transmitting glass can respectively emit two-dimensional cooling light into the first vacuum cavity through the corresponding first light-transmitting glass; the second vacuum housing has a second light-transmitting glass corresponding to the pair of opposing deflected light sources, so that the pair of opposing deflected light sources located outside the second light-transmitting glass can respectively emit deflected light into the second vacuum cavity through the corresponding first light-transmitting glass.

10. The device for preparing a three-dimensional cooling continuous atomic beam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first vacuum housing and the second vacuum housing each have a third light-transmitting glass at one end away from each other, one of the optical adhesives is arranged on the outer side of the third light-transmitting glass at the end of the first vacuum housing away from the second vacuum housing, and the other optical adhesive is arranged on the outer side of the third light-transmitting glass at the end of the second vacuum housing away from the first vacuum housing.

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