Method for Cultivating Morchella esculenta Based on Pleurotus eryngii Spent Mushroom Substrate Medium

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of microbial culture, and particularly to a method for cultivating Morchella esculenta based on the culture medium of waste Pleurotus eryngii mycelium residues. The present invention utilizes waste Pleurotus eryngii mycelium residues to cultivate Morchella esculenta. The main component of the cultivation material is waste Pleurotus eryngii residues, and only lime powder is needed to adjust the pH value without other components, which improves the utilization rate of waste, reduces the usage amount of wheat at the same time. Compared with the existing culture medium, the waste residue used herein is the waste mycelium residue remaining after cultivating Pleurotus eryngii, and the raw material source is sufficient; moreover, wheat is not needed after using this waste residue, effectively reducing the waste of food. After cultivating Morchella esculenta with this raw material, the cultivation cost of Morchella esculenta is reduced, the yield of Morchella esculenta is increased, and at the same time, the utilization rate of waste resources is increased, saving a large amount of food.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of microbial culture, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating Morchella esculenta on a culture medium based on waste Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue. Background Art

[0002] Morchella esculenta ( Morchella esculenta ) is also known as Morchella esculenta, Yangque mushroom, and Bamboo hat mushroom. It belongs to the phylum Ascomycota, class Discomycetes, order Pezizales, family Morchellaceae, and genus Morchella. Because the surface of its cap has irregular polyhedral concave wrinkles, resembling a sheep's stomach, it is named Morchella esculenta. It is a rare and precious edible and medicinal fungus, with tender flesh, sweet taste, and rich in amino acids, various vitamins, and trace elements. It has multiple effects such as enhancing immunity, anti-tumor, anti-aging, antioxidant, and anti-fatigue, and has broad application prospects in the development of health products.

[0003] As early as 1883, the fruiting bodies of Morchella esculenta were cultivated outdoors. In 1980, American lichenologist Ower et al. successfully cultivated the fruiting bodies of Morchella esculenta indoors and applied for the first indoor cultivation patent for Morchella esculenta. This was a major breakthrough in the cultivation history of Morchella esculenta, having a profound impact on the artificial cultivation of Morchella esculenta and being of epoch-making significance. In China, the research on the artificial cultivation of Morchella esculenta started in the 1980s. In the 1990s, fruiting bodies of Morchella esculenta were obtained through bionic cultivation in wild woodlands. Since then, various cultivation modes have been formed in Yunnan and Sichuan. After more than 10 years of exploration and development, the current cultivation mode of adding exogenous nutrient bags has been gradually improved, replacing the early cultivation mode in Yunnan. The cultivation sites have expanded from Sichuan, Chongqing, and Yunnan to all over the country, and the entire Morchella esculenta industry has developed rapidly.

[0004] Although the Morchella esculenta cultivation industry started relatively early, at present, the Morchella esculenta cultivation technology is still immature. The cultivated strains mainly come from wild isolation and domestication, with low overall yield, unstable yield, weak resistance, and the strains are prone to aging or degeneration. At present, the cultivation management technology of Morchella esculenta is extensive, lacking detailed technical parameters. Moreover, there are significant climate differences between the south and the central and northern regions, and the cultivation management mode also needs to be correspondingly improved. At present, Morchella esculenta in China can be cultivated out of season using greenhouse sheds, and intercropping or interplanting can be carried out using adult mixed woodlands, converted farmland for forestry, poplar woodlands, pine woodlands, orchards, under grape trellises, small arch low sheds in fields, etc. The yield has been greatly increased. However, at present, commercially available wheat is mostly used as the raw material for cultivating Morchella esculenta, with high costs and not meeting the concept of organic cultivation. The high wheat cost is a major technical obstacle hindering the cultivation of Morchella esculenta. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the cultivation material for Morchella esculenta to obtain a cultivation material with good cultivation efficiency, low cost, and suitable for large-scale promotion. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above, it is necessary to develop a cultivation medium for the growth of Morchella esculenta, which can effectively improve the growth ability of Morchella esculenta, shorten the budding time of Morchella esculenta, and improve the production efficiency of Morchella esculenta.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] Pleurotus eryngii ( Pleurotus eryngii ) waste cultivation medium, and the cultivation medium is composed of raw materials in the following weight percentages: 85%-95% of Pleurotus eryngii waste mycelium residue, 1% of superphosphate, and 4%-14% of plant ash.

[0008] Further, the weight percentage of the Pleurotus eryngii waste mycelium residue is 90%.

[0009] Further, the method for obtaining the Pleurotus eryngii waste mycelium residue is: after picking the second crop of Pleurotus eryngii, remove the plastic bags on its surface, collect the waste mycelium residue without mildew and pests, and dry it for later use.

[0010] This application also includes the application of the Pleurotus eryngii ( Pleurotus eryngii ) waste cultivation medium in cultivating Morchella esculenta ( Morchella esculenta ).

[0011] This application also includes a method for the Pleurotus eryngii ( Pleurotus eryngii ) waste cultivation medium, and the method is:

[0012] (1) After crushing the waste mycelium residue, weigh each raw material according to the above weight percentages;

[0013] (2) After mixing, add 2% of quicklime based on the weight of the base material, stack and rett for 2 days, then bag and sterilize with ethylene bags of 12 cm × 24 cm to obtain.

[0014] This application also includes a method for cultivating Morchella esculenta using the Pleurotus eryngii ( Pleurotus eryngii ) waste cultivation medium, and the method is:

[0015] Step 1: Prepare Morchella esculenta strains;

[0016] Step 2: Plant Morchella esculenta: First, spread lime powder on the ground surface, then plow the land to make the lime in the soil mix evenly with the soil, sow, and evenly spread the strains prepared in Step 1 on the ground. After the ground is covered with white mycelial frost, use the Pleurotus eryngii ( Pleurotus eryngii ) waste cultivation medium nutrient bag for nutrient supplementation. Place the nutrient bag horizontally on the ground with a cut on the side, and use 1500 nutrient bags per mu; carry out mycelium growth and fruiting management until Morchella esculenta is harvested.

[0017] Furthermore, the step 1 of preparing the Morchella strain includes three steps of using a mother strain culture medium to activate the mother strain, using a stock strain culture medium to prepare the stock strain, and using a production strain culture medium to prepare the production strain.

[0018] Furthermore, the mother culture medium is composed of the following components: 200 grams of potatoes, 20 grams of white sugar, 20 grams of agar, 3 grams of peptone, 0.5 grams of beef extract, 1 liter of water, and a pH value of 7-8; the original culture medium is composed of the following ingredients in weight percentage: 50% of Pleurotus eryngii waste residue, 25% of corn cobs, 15% of wheat bran, 1% of white sugar, 1% of gypsum, 5% of quicklime powder, 1% of superphosphate, 2% of soil, and a pH value of 7-8; the production culture medium is composed of the following ingredients in weight percentage: 80% of Pleurotus eryngii waste residue, 15% of corn cobs, 1% of white sugar, 1% of gypsum, 1% of superphosphate, 2% of soil, and a pH value of 7-8.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The present invention cultivates Morchella by utilizing the waste residue of Pleurotus eryngii. The main component of the cultivation material is the waste residue of Pleurotus eryngii (accounting for 85%-95%), and there are no other components, which improves the utilization rate of waste and reduces the amount of wheat. In the process of utilizing the waste residue, the inventor found that: since the waste residue of edible fungi has been absorbed and digested by edible fungi, its nutrients are very different from the initial culture medium. After being absorbed by different crops of edible fungi, the pH and C / N ratio of the culture material are very different, which leads to different waste residue culture media having different growth-promoting abilities for different edible fungi. Therefore, the screening and improvement of waste residue is the key to the realization of this technology. Compared with the existing culture matrix, the waste residue utilizes the waste residue left after cultivating Pleurotus eryngii, the raw material source is sufficient, wheat is not used, and food is not wasted. After using the waste to cultivate Morchella, the budding time of Morchella is effectively shortened, the yield of Morchella is increased, and the utilization rate of waste resources is also increased. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The fruiting of Morchella after being cultured in the culture medium of Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue;

[0022] Figure 2 This is the fruiting situation of Morchella after seed production using conventional seed production medium. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below. Example 1:

[0024] In the applicant's previous research, it was found that in the prior art, wheat is usually used as the supplementary nutrient bag for cultivation. The applicant found in actual research that the waste residue of edible mushroom cultivation contains various components beneficial to the growth of edible mushrooms, and the waste mushroom residue of edible mushrooms can be improved to cultivate Morchella esculenta. However, in the actual application process, through experiments, it was found that the original component content of different waste mushroom residues of edible mushrooms is very complex, and after being digested and utilized by edible mushrooms once, the nutrient components of the waste mushroom residue of edible mushrooms have changed greatly, and the cultivation effects on edible mushrooms are also completely different. In actual cultivation, not all waste residues of edible mushrooms are suitable for cultivating Morchella esculenta, and screening and treatment are required to achieve cultivation.

[0025] Therefore, in view of the unknown and uncontrollable nature of the waste mushroom residue, the applicant conducted the following experiments:

[0026] The Morchella esculenta variety: Baoxing No. 1 was used for greenhouse cultivation, and the cultivation method is as follows:

[0027] I. Preparation of Morchella esculenta strains:

[0028] (1) Mother strain activation: Inoculate the Morchella esculenta test tube strain into the mother strain medium and culture for 7 days;

[0029] (2) Preparation of original strain: Inoculate the mother strain in step (1) into the original strain medium at an inoculation amount of five bottles per mother strain, and mix and incubate for 15 days;

[0030] (3) Preparation of production strain: Inoculate the original strain in step (2) onto the production strain medium at an inoculation amount of 3%, and incubate in a constant temperature room for 16 days to obtain the production strain.

[0031] Among them, the mother strain medium is: 200 grams of potato (boiled juice), 20 grams of white sugar, 20 grams of agar, 3 grams of peptone, 0.5 grams of beef extract, 1 liter of water, pH value 7 - 8.

[0032] The original strain medium is: 50% waste mushroom residue of Pleurotus eryngii, 25% corn cob, 15% wheat bran, 1% white sugar, 1% gypsum, 5% quicklime powder, 1% superphosphate, 2% soil, pH value 7 - 8.

[0033] Production medium: 80% Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue, 15% corncob, 1% white sugar, 1% gypsum, 1% superphosphate, 2% soil, pH value 7 - 8.

[0034] II. Cultivating Morchella esculenta:

[0035] (1) First, spread 300 catties of lime powder per mu on the ground surface, then plow the land to evenly mix the lime and soil in the 0 - 20 cm deep soil layer, and then water once to make the soil of the planting area soft and breathable, so that water and air can be easily retained in the soil, forming an environment suitable for the growth of Morchella esculenta;

[0036] (2) Sow the seeds, evenly scatter the strains on the ground, and cover with a thin layer of soil;

[0037] (3) After the ground is covered with white mycelium frost, use the waste mushroom residue cultivation material nutrient bags of Pleurotus eryngii ( Pleurotus eryngii ) for supplementary feeding. When supplementary feeding, make a cut on the side of the nutrient bag and closely attach it to the ground, using 1500 nutrient bags per mu; conduct conservation and fruiting management (fruiting temperature 10 - 18 °C) until Morchella esculenta is harvested.

[0038] II. The nutrient bags in step (3) of cultivating Morchella esculenta are prepared from raw materials with the following weight percentages:

[0039] The Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue nutrient bag (treatment group 1) is prepared by mixing the following components according to weight percentage: 90% Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue after two crops, 1% superphosphate, 9% plant ash;

[0040] The Pleurotus geesteranus waste mushroom residue nutrient bag (CK1) is prepared by mixing the following components according to weight percentage: 90% Pleurotus geesteranus waste mushroom residue after two crops, 1% superphosphate, 9% plant ash;

[0041] The Lentinula edodes waste mushroom residue nutrient bag (CK2) is prepared by mixing the following components according to weight percentage: 90% Lentinula edodes waste mushroom residue after two crops, 1% white sugar, 1% superphosphate, 9% plant ash;

[0042] The Volvariella volvacea waste mushroom residue nutrient bag (CK3) is prepared by mixing the following components according to weight percentage: 90% Volvariella volvacea waste mushroom residue after two crops, 1% superphosphate, 9% plant ash;

[0043] The conventional nutrient bag (CK4) consists of 50% wheat, 30% corncob, 15% rice husk, 12% wood chips, and 3% lime powder.

[0044] All the above waste mushroom residues are collected when the second batch of mushrooms is harvested. The waste mushroom residues are required to be free of mildew and pests, and the plastic bags on the surface of the waste mushroom bags are removed. After collection, the waste mushroom residues are promptly dried and reserved.

[0045] The preparation method of the above nutrient bags is as follows:

[0046] 1. The dried waste mushroom residue is crushed by a crusher and then mixed with each raw material according to the weight percentage. 2% of quicklime based on the weight of the base material is added, and after composting for 2 days, it is bagged with ethylene bags of 12 cm × 24 cm and sterilized to obtain the product.

[0047] During the cultivation of Morchella esculenta, the budding time of Morchella esculenta after stimulating fruiting is mainly observed: The day of stimulating fruiting is marked as the 0th day; Observe and calculate the yield and growth status of Morchella esculenta. Specifically, refer to Table 1:

[0048]

[0049] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 - Figure 2 as shown Figure 1 and Figure 2 is the growth status diagram of Morchella esculenta on the 2nd day, Figure 1 is the fruiting situation of treatment group 1 on the 2nd day, Figure 2 is the growth situation of Morchella esculenta of CK4 without waste mushroom residue on the 2nd day. It can be seen from the figure that treatment group 1 began to bud on the 2nd day, while the CK4 group without waste mushroom residue still did not bud on the 2nd day.

[0050] It can be seen from Table 1 that when using different edible mushroom waste residues as nutrient bags, the budding time is completely different. From the perspective of budding time: treatment group 1 < CK1 = CK4 < CK2 = CK3; From the perspective of yield, treatment group 1 > CK4 > CK1 > CK2 > CK3; This shows that not all waste mushroom residues can necessarily promote the growth of Morchella esculenta. The budding time and yield of Pleurotus geesteranus waste residue, Lentinula edodes waste residue, and Volvariella volvacea waste residue are lower than those of the CK4 group without waste mushroom residue. This further shows that after being digested and absorbed by edible mushrooms, the nutrient components of different edible mushroom waste residues have changed greatly, and some edible mushroom waste residues even play an inhibitory role in the cultivation of Morchella esculenta cultivars. Example 2:

[0051] This example studies the growth situation of Morchella esculenta under different Pleurotus eryngii waste residue contents. The specific culture medium is as follows:

[0052] The Pleurotus eryngii waste residue cultivation material (treatment group 1) is prepared by mixing the following components according to the weight percentage: 85% of Pleurotus eryngii waste residue after two croppings, 1% of superphosphate, and 13% of plant ash;

[0053] The Pleurotus eryngii waste residue cultivation material (treatment group 2) is prepared by mixing the following components according to the weight percentage: 90% of Pleurotus eryngii waste residue after two croppings, 1% of superphosphate, and 9% of plant ash;

[0054] The Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue cultivation medium (treatment group 3) is prepared by mixing the following components by weight percentage: 95% of Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue after two crops, 1% of superphosphate, and 4% of plant ash;

[0055] The conventional nutrient bag (CK) consists of 50% wheat, 30% corncob, 15% rice husk, 12% sawdust, and 3% lime powder.

[0056] The specific planting method and variety are the same as those in Example 1, and the final test results are shown in Table 2:

[0057]

[0058] As can be seen from Table 2, the Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue shortened the budding time by 2 days compared with the CK group, and the yield was higher than that of the CK group. This shows that the Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue can significantly reduce the budding time of Morchella esculenta and increase the mu yield. However, from the perspective of yield, treatment group 2 > treatment group 3 > treatment group 1, indicating that using Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue as the nutrient bag content is not the more the better. The effect of increasing the yield of Morchella esculenta is the best when the Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue is 90%, which is the most optimal addition amount of waste mushroom residue.

[0059] Example 3:

[0060] This example studies the growth of Morchella esculenta in Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue under different planting conditions. The specific cultivation medium is as follows:

[0061] The Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue of one crop: 90% of the Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue collected after one crop, 1% of superphosphate, and 9% of plant ash;

[0062] The Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue of two crops: 90% of the Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue collected after two crops, 1% of superphosphate, and 9% of plant ash;

[0063] The Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue of three crops: 90% of the Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue collected after three crops, 1% of superphosphate, and 9% of plant ash.

[0064] The conventional nutrient bag (CK) consists of 50% wheat, 30% corncob, 15% rice husk, 12% sawdust, and 3% lime powder.

[0065] The specific planting method and variety are the same as those in Example 1, and the final test results are shown in Table 3:

[0066]

[0067] As can be seen from Table 3, the spent mushroom residues of Pleurotus eryngii collected after one crop and those collected after three crops of cultivation do not reduce the budding time, and the per-mu yield is lower than that of the CK group. This shows that after Pleurotus eryngii is digested and absorbed at different stages, the nutrient content of the waste materials from the first, second, and third crops varies greatly. When applied to the cultivation of Morchella esculenta, the effects are also different. The waste materials from the first and third crops do not increase the yield of Morchella esculenta or shorten the budding time, but rather have a certain inhibitory effect on the yield of Morchella esculenta.

[0068] In summary, the spent mushroom residues of the second crop of Pleurotus eryngii in this application, used as nutrient bags for the cultivation of Morchella esculenta, can effectively shorten the budding time of Morchella esculenta and increase the per-mu yield of Morchella esculenta. Using the spent mushroom residues of Pleurotus eryngii as nutrient bags for the cultivation species can effectively utilize waste, and at the same time can effectively increase the budding time and per-mu yield of Morchella esculenta, making the culture medium for the cultivation species of Morchella esculenta more simple and efficient.

[0069] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Morchella esculenta using the cultivation material of Pleurotus eryngii waste, characterized in that, the method is as follows: Step 1: Prepare the Morchella esculenta strain; Step 2: Cultivate Morchella esculenta: First, spread lime powder on the ground surface, then plow the land to mix the lime and soil evenly in the soil, sow seeds, evenly sprinkle the strain prepared in Step 1 on the ground. After the ground is covered with white mycelial frost, use the nutrient bag of the cultivation material of Pleurotus eryngii waste for nutrient supplementation. Make a horizontal cut on the side of the nutrient bag and place it horizontally on the ground, using 1500 nutrient bags per mu; carry out spawn-running and fruiting management until Morchella esculenta is harvested; The preparation of the Morchella esculenta strain in Step 1 includes three steps: activating the mother strain using the mother strain medium, preparing the original strain using the original strain medium, and preparing the production strain using the production strain medium; The mother strain medium is composed of the following components: 200 grams of potato, 20 grams of white sugar, 20 grams of agar, 3 grams of peptone, 0.5 gram of beef extract, 1 liter of water, and a pH value of 7 - 8; The original strain medium is composed of the following components by weight percentage: 50% of Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue, 25% of corn cob, 15% of wheat bran, 1% of white sugar, 1% of gypsum, 5% of quicklime powder, 1% of superphosphate, 2% of soil, and a pH value of 7 - 8; The production strain medium is composed of the following components by weight percentage: 80% of Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue, 15% of corn cob, 1% of white sugar, 1% of gypsum, 1% of superphosphate, 2% of soil, and a pH value of 7 - 8; The cultivation material of Pleurotus eryngii waste is composed of the following raw materials by weight percentage: 90% of Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue, 1% of superphosphate, and 9% of plant ash; The method for obtaining the Pleurotus eryngii waste mushroom residue is: After picking the second crop of Pleurotus eryngii, remove the plastic bags on its surface, collect the waste mushroom residue without mildew and pests, and dry it for later use.

2. A method for preparing the cultivation material of Pleurotus eryngii waste as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the method is as follows: (1) After crushing the waste mushroom residue, weigh each raw material according to the said weight percentage; (2) After mixing, add 2% of quicklime based on the weight of the base material, stack and rett for 2 days, then bag it with 12 cm × 24 cm ethylene bags and sterilize to obtain.

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