A Compact Biomass Gasification Reforming Hydrogen Production System and Method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a compact biomass gasification and reforming hydrogen production system and method. The system includes: a biomass gasification reaction chamber, a catalytic bed layer, and a biomass drying chamber that are nested in sequence from the inside out, as well as a steam generator, a blower, a catalyst preparation device, a condensation heat exchange device, and an induced draft fan. The catalytic bed layer is connected to a gas premixing chamber. In the biomass gasification reaction chamber, gasified gas and biomass charcoal are produced through biomass gasification reaction. The catalyst is prepared by using the biomass charcoal to perform steam catalytic reforming on the gasified gas to produce high-purity hydrogen, realizing the efficient utilization of biomass gasification products. The present invention adopts the nested and modular design of the biomass gasification reaction chamber, the catalytic bed layer, and the biomass drying chamber, which has the characteristics of compactness and convenient maintenance, and can prepare the biomass charcoal generated by pyrolysis into a catalyst for the catalytic reforming of the gasified gas. The waste heat of the gasification reaction chamber provides heat for the catalytic reforming of the gasified gas and the drying of the biomass raw material, realizing the multi-stage utilization of energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biomass gasification for hydrogen production, and particularly to a compact biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production system and method. Background Art

[0002] Since ancient times, China has been a large agricultural country. The unique climate conditions and geographical location have created a huge biomass production scale. Biomass utilization has the characteristics of being renewable, having low nitrogen oxide emissions, being carbon neutral (zero CO2 emissions), having a low price, and a wide source. It is precisely because of these characteristics that biomass has a high probability of becoming a clean energy source to replace traditional fossil fuels in the future world's sustainable development.

[0003] Biomass gasification reforming for hydrogen production refers to the process of heating pre-treated biomass raw materials to a relatively high temperature in gasification media such as air, oxygen water, and steam, and producing hydrogen-rich gas through the catalytic reforming of the pyrolysis gas by a catalyst. The obtained high-calorific value hydrogen-rich gas has high economic value and has received wide attention in China.

[0004] Existing biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production systems have complex equipment, occupy a large area, have a large initial investment, and high equipment maintenance costs in the later stage, and the economic benefits of the system are greatly limited. In addition, the energy utilization rate of the system during the biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production process is low, and the operating cost is high, which is contrary to China's current "dual-carbon goal". Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a compact biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production system and method, which adopts a nested and modular design of a biomass gasification reaction chamber, a catalytic bed layer, and a biomass drying chamber, and has the characteristics of being compact and convenient for maintenance. The system prepares the biomass carbon produced by pyrolysis into a catalyst for the catalytic reforming of gasification gas, and the waste heat of the gasification reaction chamber provides heat for the catalytic reforming of gasification gas and the drying of biomass raw materials, realizing multi-stage utilization of energy.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] A compact biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production system, the system includes: a biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production device, a steam generator, a blower, a catalyst preparation device, a condensation heat exchange device, and an induced draft fan;

[0008] The biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production device includes a biomass gasification reaction chamber, a catalytic bed layer, and a biomass drying chamber which are nested in sequence from the inside out. A gas premixing chamber is arranged above the catalytic bed layer, and the catalytic bed layer and the gas premixing chamber are located in the same closed cavity;

[0009] A multi-channel gas-solid separation device, a first baffle plate, and a second baffle plate are arranged in the biomass gasification reaction chamber. The multi-channel gas-solid separation device is arranged at the top of the biomass gasification reaction chamber. The first baffle plate is arranged directly below the multi-channel gas-solid separation device. The second baffle plate is arranged around the first baffle plate. A support pipe air inlet, a gasification medium channel inlet, and a carbon outlet are arranged at the bottom of the biomass gasification reaction chamber. A support pipe is arranged at the bottom of the first baffle plate, and the support pipe is connected to the support pipe air inlet. A gasification medium channel is arranged at the bottom of the second baffle plate, and the gasification medium channel is connected to the gasification medium channel inlet. A carbon discharge channel is arranged between the second baffle plate and the wall surface of the biomass gasification reaction chamber. The carbon discharge channel communicates with the carbon outlet and is connected to the catalyst preparation device through a pipeline. A first air chamber is formed between the support pipe and the second baffle plate. The first air chamber is provided with a first air chamber air inlet and a biomass feed inlet. The biomass outlet of the biomass drying chamber is communicated with the biomass feed inlet.

[0010] The outlet of the steam generator is communicated with the outlet of the fan and is connected to the first air chamber air inlet, the support pipe air inlet, and the gasification medium channel inlet through pipelines.

[0011] A condensation heat exchange device is arranged on the pipeline where the outlet of the multi-channel gas-solid separation device is connected to the inlet of the induced draft fan. The condensation heat exchange device is provided with a cold water inlet, a water vapor outlet, and a tar outlet. The water vapor outlet and the outlet of the induced draft fan are communicated with the gas premixing chamber through pipelines. The water vapor outlet is also communicated with the outlet of the steam generator and the outlet of the fan. The gasified gas separated by the multi-channel gas-solid separation device enters the condensation heat exchange device under the suction of the induced draft fan, enters the gas premixing chamber through the water vapor outlet, and the tar separated by the multi-channel gas-solid separation device is discharged and collected from the tar outlet.

[0012] The catalytic bed layer is communicated with the gas premixing chamber. A hydrogen outlet is arranged at the bottom of the catalytic bed layer. The water vapor and the gasified gas in the gas premixing chamber are mixed and then introduced into the catalytic bed layer to carry out a reforming hydrogen production reaction. The produced high-purity hydrogen is collected at the hydrogen outlet.

[0013] Furthermore, the system further includes a feed box and a screw feeder. The outlet of the feed box is connected to the biomass inlet of the screw feeder through a pipeline. The biomass outlet of the screw feeder and the biomass inlet of the biomass drying chamber are connected through a pipeline. The biomass outlet of the biomass drying chamber is communicated with the biomass feed inlet through a screw feeding pipe.

[0014] Further, the outlet of the steam generator and the outlet of the blower are connected through a pipeline at the third valve, and the third valve is connected to the inlet of the first air chamber, the inlet of the support pipe, and the inlet of the gasification medium channel through pipelines; a branch pipeline is provided on the pipeline connecting the water vapor outlet and the gas premixing chamber and is connected to the third valve.

[0015] Further, a first steam flowmeter and a first valve are provided on the pipeline connecting the steam generator and the third valve; a second steam flowmeter and a second valve are provided on the pipeline connecting the water vapor outlet and the third valve.

[0016] Further, an electric heating tube is arranged in the biomass gasification reaction chamber, and the electric heating tube is connected with a temperature control device, which is used to control the electric heating tube to heat the biomass gasification reaction chamber so that the biomass gasification reaction chamber reaches a set temperature.

[0017] Further, the upper top surface of the first baffle is convex in an arc shape, and the lower bottom surface is concave in a double arc shape. The solid particles separated by the multi-channel gas-solid separation device slide on the first baffle and continue to be gasified in the biomass gasification reaction chamber; the upper top surface of the second baffle is concave in an arc shape to cause the biomass to generate a backflow in the biomass gasification reaction chamber. A second air distribution plate is arranged on the second baffle, and the hole direction of the second air distribution plate is obliquely upward at 45° with respect to the center of the biomass gasification reaction chamber; the first air chamber has an umbrella-shaped contraction-expansion structure, and a first air distribution plate is arranged in the first air chamber.

[0018] Further, air outlets are staggeredly arranged on the wall surface of the support pipe at an angle of 45° obliquely upward, and a supplementary air outlet is arranged at the top end of the support pipe for supplementing the gasification medium.

[0019] Further, hard and elastically deformable baffles are alternately arranged on the inner and outer side walls of the biomass drying chamber; the profile line of the inner wall surface of the biomass gasification reaction chamber is a spline curve with uniform curvature change.

[0020] Further, after the catalyst preparation device chemically activates the biomass charcoal discharged from the charcoal outlet with potassium carbonate to obtain a carbon-based carrier, metal oxides are loaded on the carbon-based carrier, and the prepared catalyst is used for catalytic reforming of the gasification gas.

[0021] The present invention also provides a compact biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production method, which is applied to the above-mentioned compact biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production system, and includes the following steps:

[0022] Heat the biomass gasification reaction chamber so that the biomass gasification reaction chamber reaches a set temperature;

[0023] Start the steam generator and the fan. The high-temperature steam and air generated are mixed to form a gasification medium, which enters the first air chamber, the support pipe, and the biomass gasification reaction chamber through the first air chamber air inlet, the support pipe air inlet, and the gasification medium channel inlet respectively.

[0024] Start feeding. The biomass raw material is dried in the biomass drying chamber and then a set amount of heat carrier is added and mixed before entering the first air chamber through the biomass feed inlet.

[0025] After the gasification medium, the biomass raw material, and the heat carrier are fully mixed and accelerated in the first air chamber, they enter the biomass gasification reaction chamber for gasification. The large-particle biomass char generated by pyrolysis gasification enters the carbon discharge channel and is discharged through the carbon outlet and enters the catalyst preparation device through a pipeline for the preparation of the catalyst.

[0026] The gasification gas generated by pyrolysis gasification, carrying fine fly ash and heat carrier, enters the multi-channel gas-solid separation device for gas-solid separation. The fine fly ash and heat carrier fall from the bottom of the multi-channel gas-solid separation device into the biomass gasification reaction chamber. The fine fly ash continues to gasify, and the gasification gas enters the condensation heat exchange device under the action of the induced draft fan.

[0027] Cold water is introduced into the condensation heat exchange device through the cold water inlet. The condensed tar is discharged and collected from the tar outlet. The gasification gas enters the gas premixing chamber after passing through the induced draft fan. The water vapor generated after the cold water absorbs heat is discharged from the water vapor outlet and enters the gas premixing chamber, where it is fully mixed with the gasification gas and then introduced into the catalytic bed for reforming hydrogen production reaction. High-purity hydrogen generated is collected at the hydrogen outlet.

[0028] After the entire system operates stably, stop heating the biomass gasification reaction chamber, and use the heat carrier discharged from the multi-channel gas-solid separation device to provide the heat required for the biomass gasification reaction; close the steam generator, and the steam discharged from the steam outlet provides the gasification medium for the gasification reaction.

[0029] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the following technical effects are disclosed: The compact biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production system and method provided by the present invention: (1) A biomass gasification reaction chamber, a catalytic bed layer, and a biomass drying chamber are nested in sequence from the inside out, realizing compact and modular design. While simplifying the reaction equipment, the system is convenient for management and maintenance, which is beneficial to extending the service life of the system and improving the economy of the system. (2) The pyrolysis gasification reaction of biomass in the biomass gasification reaction chamber provides heat for the catalytic reforming of the gasified gas and the drying of biomass, realizing the multi-stage utilization of heat between the biomass gasification reaction chamber, the catalytic bed layer, and the biomass drying chamber, and improving the energy utilization rate. At the same time, the biomass char produced in the biomass gasification reaction chamber is prepared into a catalyst for the catalytic reforming of the gasified gas, realizing the efficient utilization of products and improving the economic benefits of the system. (3) The gasified gas is introduced into the condensation heat exchange device. On the one hand, it realizes the recovery and utilization of waste heat, improves the energy utilization rate of the system, and on the other hand, it can also realize the condensation and separation of tar, improving the purity of the gasified gas. (4) The system has a compact structure and is easy to operate, which has guiding significance for engineering practice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the compact biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production system provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 provided by the present invention Figure 1 A cross-sectional view taken along the A-A direction;

[0033] Figure 3 It is an enlarged schematic diagram of the condensation heat exchange device provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the support tube provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the second air distribution plate provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the multi-channel gas-solid separation device provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 It is a top view of the multi-channel gas-solid separation device provided by the present invention;

[0038] Description of the reference numerals in the drawings: 1, feed box; 2, screw feeder; 3, biomass drying chamber; 4, steam generator; 5, fan; 6, first baffle plate; 7, support pipe; 701, air outlet; 8, second baffle plate; 9, biomass gasification reaction chamber; 10, catalyst preparation device; 11, multi-channel gas-solid separation device; 12, condensation heat exchange device; 121, cold water inlet; 122, water vapor outlet; 132, tar outlet; 13, induced draft fan; 14, gas premixing chamber; 15, catalytic bed; 16, biomass feed inlet; 17, third valve; 18, support pipe air inlet; 19, gasification medium channel inlet; 20, gasification medium channel; 21, first steam flowmeter; 22, first valve; 23, carbon discharge channel; 24, carbon outlet; 25, first air chamber; 26, second steam flowmeter; 27, second valve; 28, hydrogen outlet; 29, temperature control device; 30, supplementary air outlet; 31, electric heating tube; 32, first air distribution plate; 33, second air distribution plate; 34, second air chamber. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a compact biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production system and method, which adopts the nested and modular design of a biomass gasification reaction chamber, a catalytic bed, and a biomass drying chamber, and has the characteristics of compactness and convenient maintenance. The system prepares the biomass carbon produced by pyrolysis into a catalyst for the catalytic reforming of gasification gas, and the waste heat of the gasification reaction chamber provides heat for the catalytic reforming of gasification gas and the drying of biomass raw materials, realizing the multi-stage utilization of energy.

[0041] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0042] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the compact biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production system provided by the present invention includes: a biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production device, a steam generator 4, a fan 5, a catalyst preparation device 10, a condensation heat exchange device 12, and an induced draft fan 13;

[0043] The biomass gasification and reforming hydrogen production device includes a biomass gasification reaction chamber 9, a catalytic bed 15, and a biomass drying chamber 3 that are nested in sequence from the inside out. A gas premixing chamber 14 is arranged above the catalytic bed 15, and the catalytic bed 15 and the gas premixing chamber 14 are located in the same sealed cavity. The biomass gasification reaction chamber 9, the catalytic bed 15, and the biomass drying chamber 3 are nested in sequence, with temperatures reaching 700 - 800 °C, 400 - 500 °C, and 100 - 200 °C respectively. While realizing the compactness of the biomass gasification and reforming hydrogen production equipment, it can achieve multi-stage utilization of heat and improve the energy utilization efficiency of the entire system. Both the biomass drying chamber 3 and the catalytic bed 15 are modularly designed, which is convenient for maintenance;

[0044] A multi-channel gas-solid separation device 11, a first baffle 6, and a second baffle 8 are arranged in the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9. As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the upper part of the multi-channel gas-solid separation device 11 is cylindrical, and 3 channels can be set. The lower part is conical, and a discharge port for solid particles is arranged at the bottom. The multi-channel gas-solid separation device 11 is arranged at the top of the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9. The first baffle 6 is arranged directly below the multi-channel gas-solid separation device 11, and the second baffle 8 is arranged around the first baffle 6. A support pipe air inlet 18, a gasification medium channel inlet 19, and a carbon outlet 24 are arranged at the bottom of the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9. A support pipe 7 is arranged at the bottom of the first baffle 6, and the support pipe 7 is connected to the support pipe air inlet 18. A gasification medium channel 20 is arranged at the bottom of the second baffle 8, and the gasification medium channel 20 is connected to the gasification medium channel inlet 19. A carbon discharge channel 23 is arranged between the second baffle 8 and the wall surface of the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9. The carbon discharge channel 23 is a narrow channel, and the carbon discharge channel 23 communicates with the carbon outlet 24 and is connected to the catalyst preparation device 10 through a pipeline. A first air chamber 25 is formed between the support pipe 7 and the second baffle 8. The first air chamber 25 is provided with a first air chamber air inlet and a biomass feed inlet 16. The biomass outlet of the biomass drying chamber 3 is communicated with the biomass feed inlet 16;

[0045] The outlet of the steam generator 4 is communicated with the outlet of the fan 5 and is connected to the first air chamber air inlet, the support pipe air inlet 18, and the gasification medium channel inlet 19 through pipelines;

[0046] A condensation heat exchange device 12 is arranged on the pipeline where the outlet of the multi-channel gas-solid separation device 11 is connected to the inlet of the induced draft fan 13. As shown in Figure 3As shown, the condensation heat exchange device 12 is provided with a cold water inlet 121, a water vapor outlet 122, and a tar outlet 123. The water vapor outlet 122 and the outlet of the induced draft fan 13 are connected to the gas premixing chamber 14 through pipelines. The water vapor outlet 122 is also connected to the outlet of the steam generator 4 and the outlet of the fan 5. The gasified gas separated by the multi-channel gas-solid separation device 11 enters the condensation heat exchange device 12 under the suction of the induced draft fan 13, passes through the water vapor outlet 122 and enters the gas premixing chamber 14. The tar separated by the multi-channel gas-solid separation device 11 is discharged and collected from the tar outlet 123. Cold water enters the condensation heat exchange device 12 from the cold water inlet 121. Part of the water vapor generated after heat exchange with the gasified gas enters the gas premixing chamber 14 to be mixed with the heat-exchanged gasified gas, and the other part is mixed with the air entrained by the fan 5 through a pipeline as the gasification medium.

[0047] The catalytic bed 15 is connected to the gas premixing chamber 14. A hydrogen outlet 28 is provided at the bottom of the catalytic bed 15. The water vapor and the gasified gas in the gas premixing chamber 14 are mixed and then fed into the catalytic bed 15 to carry out the reforming hydrogen production reaction. The high-purity hydrogen generated is collected at the hydrogen outlet 28.

[0048] Exemplarily, the system may further include a feed hopper 1 and a screw feeder 2. The outlet of the feed hopper 1 is connected to the biomass inlet of the screw feeder 2 through a pipeline. The biomass outlet of the screw feeder 2 and the biomass inlet of the biomass drying chamber 3 are connected through a pipeline. The biomass in the feed hopper 1 enters the biomass drying chamber 3 for drying after being conveyed by the screw feeder 2. The dried biomass enters the first air chamber 25 and then enters the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9 through the umbrella-shaped channel for gasification. The biomass char generated by gasification pyrolysis enters the carbon discharge channel 23 and is discharged from the carbon outlet 24 and then conveyed to the catalyst preparation device 6 for catalyst preparation. The biomass outlet of the biomass drying chamber 3 is connected to the biomass feed port 16 through a screw feeder pipe. The screw feeder 2 and the screw feeder pipe can achieve uniform and sustainable biomass conveyance, and the feeding speed of the biomass can be controlled by changing their rotation speeds.

[0049] The outlet of the steam generator 4 and the outlet of the fan 5 are connected through a pipeline at the third valve 17. The third valve 17 is connected to the first air chamber air inlet, the support pipe air inlet 18, and the gasification medium channel inlet 19 through pipelines. The water vapor outlet 122 is connected to the third valve 17.

[0050] A first steam flowmeter 21 and a first valve 22 are provided on the pipeline connecting the steam generator 4 and the third valve 17. A second steam flowmeter 26 and a second valve 27 are provided on the pipeline connecting the water vapor outlet 122 and the third valve 17.

[0051] An electric heating tube 31 is arranged in the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9. The electric heating tube 31 is connected with a temperature control device 29, and the temperature control device 29 is used to control the electric heating tube 31 to heat the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9 so that the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9 reaches a set temperature.

[0052] The upper top surface of the first baffle 6 is convex in an arc shape, and the lower bottom surface is concave in a double arc shape. The solid particles separated by the multi-channel gas-solid separation device 11 slide on the first baffle 6 and continue to gasify in the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9. The upper top surface of the second baffle 8 is concave in an arc shape, causing biomass to generate a backflow in the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9, which can prolong the time of biomass gasification and improve the gasification efficiency.

[0053] In addition, a second air distribution plate 33 is arranged on the second baffle 8 (as Figure 5 shown, a plurality of plate holes are arranged on the second air distribution plate 33), and the direction of the plate holes of the second air distribution plate 33 is obliquely upward at 45° with respect to the center of the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9. The second air distribution plate can support the material, and at the same time make the velocity of the flowing gasification medium uniform and have a horizontal component velocity, strengthening the mixing degree of biomass and the gasification medium and increasing the flow velocity of biomass particles. A second air chamber is arranged on the second baffle 8. The cross section of the second air chamber 34 is rectangular, adjacent to and directly below the second air distribution plate 33, which can achieve a pressure stabilizing effect on the gasification medium. The first air chamber 25 has an umbrella-shaped contraction-expansion structure, and a first air distribution plate 32 is arranged in the first air chamber 25. The first air distribution plate 32 can support biomass, and at the same time can ensure that the gas flow velocity of the flowing gasification medium tends to be uniform.

[0054] As Figure 4 shown, air vents 701 are staggered on the wall surface of the support tube 7 at an angle of 45° obliquely upward. The top end of the support tube 7 is provided with a supplementary air outlet 30 for supplementing the gasification medium, which can strengthen the mixing degree of biomass and the gasification medium and increase the flow velocity of biomass particles at the same time.

[0055] Hard and elastically deformable baffles are alternately arranged on the inner and outer side walls of the biomass drying chamber 3, which can prolong the residence time of biomass raw materials in the biomass drying chamber 3, improve the drying efficiency, and at the same time avoid the blockage of biomass raw materials.

[0056] The profile line of the inner wall surface of the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9 is a spline curve with a uniform change in curvature, which is beneficial to the discharge of biomass charcoal and can also improve the flow field in the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9.

[0057] After the catalyst preparation device 10 chemically activates the biomass char discharged from the char outlet using potassium carbonate to obtain a carbon-based support, a metal oxide is then loaded onto the carbon-based support, and the prepared catalyst is used for the catalytic reforming of the gasified gas.

[0058] The present invention also provides a compact biomass gasification reforming method for hydrogen production, which is applied to the above-mentioned compact biomass gasification reforming system for hydrogen production, and includes the following steps:

[0059] Heat the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9 to make the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9 reach the set temperature; specifically, the electric heating tube 31 controlled by the temperature control device 29 can be used to heat the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9;

[0060] Close the second valve 27, open the first valve 22 and the third valve 17, thereby starting the steam generator 4 and the blower 5. The high-temperature steam and air generated are mixed to form a gasification medium, which respectively enter the first air chamber 25, the support tube 7, and the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9 through the first air chamber air inlet, the support tube air inlet 18, and the gasification medium channel inlet 19;

[0061] Start the screw feeder 2 and the induced draft fan 13, and start feeding. The biomass raw material is dried in the biomass drying chamber 3 and then a set amount of heat carrier is added before entering the first air chamber 25 through the biomass feed port 16. The heat carrier can be limestone, dolomite, olivine, etc.;

[0062] After the gasification medium, the biomass raw material, and the heat carrier are fully mixed and accelerated in the first air chamber 25, they enter the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9 for gasification. The large-particle biomass char generated by pyrolysis gasification enters the carbon discharge channel 23 and is discharged through the carbon outlet 24 and enters the catalyst preparation device 10 through a pipeline for the preparation of the catalyst;

[0063] The gasified gas generated by pyrolysis gasification, entraining fine fly ash and the heat carrier, enters the multi-channel gas-solid separation device 11 for gas-solid separation. The fine fly ash and the heat carrier fall from the bottom of the multi-channel gas-solid separation device 11 into the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9, and the fine fly ash continues to undergo gasification. The high-temperature gasified gas enters the condensation heat exchange device 12 under the action of the induced draft fan 13;

[0064] Cold water is introduced into the condensation heat exchange device 12 through the cold water inlet 121. The condensed tar is discharged and collected from the tar outlet 123. The gasified gas enters the gas premixing chamber 14 after passing through the induced draft fan 13. The water vapor generated after the cold water absorbs heat is discharged from the water vapor outlet 122 and enters the gas premixing chamber 14 to be fully mixed with the gasified gas and then introduced into the catalytic bed 15 for the reforming reaction to produce hydrogen. The high-purity hydrogen generated is collected at the hydrogen outlet 28;

[0065] After the entire system runs stably, the electric heating tube 31 stops heating the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9, and the heat carriers (such as limestone, dolomite, olivine, etc.) discharged by the multi-channel gas-solid separation device 11 are used to provide the heat required for the biomass gasification reaction;

[0066] Close the steam generator 4. At the same time, close the first valve 22 and open the second valve 27. The steam discharged from the steam outlet 122 provides the gasification medium for the gasification reaction.

[0067] In a specific embodiment, the process of hydrogen production using the compact biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production system provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0068] The biomass raw materials of the system have a wide adaptability. Taking wood chips as an example:

[0069] Start the electric heating tube 31 controlled by the temperature control device 29 to heat the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9. When the central temperature of the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9 is approximately stable at about 750 °C, the temperature of the catalytic bed 15 is approximately stable at about 450 °C, and the temperature of the biomass drying chamber 3 is approximately stable at about 150 °C. Close the second valve 27, open the first valve 22 and the third valve 17, and start the steam generator 4, the blower 5, the screw feeder 2 and the screw feeding pipe; mix the biomass raw materials dried in the biomass drying chamber 3 with an appropriate amount of heat carriers (such as limestone, dolomite, olivine, etc.) with a particle size of 3-5 mm, and then send them into the first air chamber 25 to be fully mixed with the gasification medium, and then enter the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9 for gasification. The moisture content of the wood chips is 8.55%, the ash content is 1.77%, the volatile matter is 71.96%, the fixed carbon is 17.72%, and the particle size is 8-13 mm; the mixture of the biomass raw materials, the heat carriers and the gasification medium forms a reflux while gasifying in the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9 under the action of the gasification medium discharged from the make-up air outlet 30 and the second air distribution plate 33.

[0070] The biomass char produced by pyrolysis and gasification will enter the charcoal discharge channel 23 and be discharged at the charcoal outlet 24 through a pipeline into the catalyst preparation device 10, where the charcoal is chemically activated with potassium carbonate to obtain a charcoal-based carrier, and then the charcoal-based carrier is loaded with NiO. The obtained catalyst is used for catalytic reforming of gasification gas; the gasification gas produced by pyrolysis and gasification carries fine fly ash and heat carrier (limestone, dolomite, olivine, etc.) into the multi-channel gas-solid separation device 11 for gas-solid separation, and the fine fly ash and heat carrier fall from the bottom of the multi-channel gas-solid separation device 11 into the biomass gasification reaction chamber 9 , the fine fly ash continues to gasify, and the high-temperature gasified gas enters the condensation heat exchange device 12 under the action of the induced draft fan 13; cold water enters the condensation heat exchange device from the cold water inlet 121, and the tar in the high-temperature gasified gas is discharged from the tar outlet 123 and collected after condensation and heat release, and the gasified gas enters the gas premixing chamber 14 after passing through the induced draft fan 13, and the cold water absorbs heat to generate water vapor, which is discharged from the water vapor outlet 122 and enters the gas premixing chamber 14 and is fully mixed with the gasified gas, and then passes into the catalytic bed 15 for reforming hydrogen production reaction, and the generated high-purity hydrogen is collected at the hydrogen outlet 28.

[0071] After the entire system is running stably, the electric heating tube 31 controlled by the temperature control device 29 can be turned off, the steam generator 4 and the first valve 22 can be turned off, and the second valve 27 can be opened. The heat carrier (limestone, dolomite, olivine, etc.) discharged from the multi-channel gas-solid separation device 11 can be used to provide the required heat for the biomass gasification reaction to maintain the continuation of the reaction. At the same time, part of the water vapor discharged from the water vapor outlet 122 provides a gasification medium for the gasification reaction.

[0072] In summary, the compact biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production system and method provided by the present invention includes a feed box, a screw feeder, a steam generator, a fan, a biomass gasification reaction chamber, a temperature control device, a multi-channel gas-solid separation device, an induced draft fan, a gas premixing chamber, a catalytic bed layer heated by heat conduction from the biomass gasification reaction chamber, and a biomass drying chamber heated by heat conduction from the catalytic bed layer, and a condensation heat exchange device; gasification gas and biomass char are generated by biomass gasification reaction, and the biomass char is used to prepare a catalyst to perform steam catalytic reforming on the gasification gas to prepare high-purity hydrogen, thereby realizing efficient utilization of biomass gasification products. The turbulent effect of the first baffle and the second baffle can improve the efficiency of biomass pyrolysis gasification. The present invention can realize the compact and modular design of biomass drying, gasification and catalytic reforming hydrogen production devices, simplify the reaction equipment and make the system easy to maintain; the compact design can also realize multi-stage utilization of energy, achieving the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0073] In this article, specific examples are used to elaborate on the principles and implementation modes of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation modes and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A compact biomass gasification and reforming hydrogen production system, characterized in that, include: A biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production device, a steam generator (4), a fan (5), a catalyst preparation device (10), a condensation heat exchange device (12), and an induced draft fan (13); The biomass gasification reforming hydrogen production device comprises a biomass gasification reaction chamber (9), a catalytic bed (15) and a biomass drying chamber (3) which are nested in sequence from the inside to the outside, a gas premixing chamber (14) is arranged on the top of the catalytic bed (15), and the catalytic bed (15) and the gas premixing chamber (14) are located in the same closed cavity; The biomass gasification reaction chamber (9) is provided with a multi-channel gas-solid separation device (11), a first baffle plate (6), and a second baffle plate (8); the multi-channel gas-solid separation device (11) is arranged at the top of the biomass gasification reaction chamber (9); the first baffle plate (6) is arranged directly below the multi-channel gas-solid separation device (11); the second baffle plate (8) is arranged around the first baffle plate (6); the bottom of the biomass gasification reaction chamber (9) is provided with a support tube air inlet (18), a gasification medium channel inlet (19), and a charcoal outlet (24); a support tube (7) is provided at the bottom of the first baffle plate (6); the support tube (7) is connected to the support tube air inlet (18), a gasification medium channel (20) is provided at the bottom of the second baffle plate (8), the gasification medium channel (20) is connected to the gasification medium channel inlet (19), a carbon discharge channel (23) is provided between the second baffle plate (8) and the wall surface of the biomass gasification reaction chamber (9), the carbon discharge channel (23) is connected to the carbon outlet (24) and is connected to the catalyst preparation device (10) through a pipeline; a first air chamber (25) is formed between the support tube (7) and the second baffle plate (8), the first air chamber (25) is provided with a first air chamber inlet and a biomass feed port (16), and the biomass outlet of the biomass drying chamber (3) is connected to the biomass feed port (16); The outlet of the steam generator (4) is connected to the outlet of the fan (5), and is respectively connected to the air inlet of the first wind chamber, the air inlet of the support pipe (18), and the inlet of the gasification medium channel (19) through pipelines; A condensation heat exchange device (12) is arranged on a pipeline connecting the outlet of the multi-channel gas-solid separation device (11) and the inlet of the induced draft fan (13); the condensation heat exchange device (12) is provided with a cold water inlet (121), a water vapor outlet (122), and a tar outlet (123); the water vapor outlet (122) and the outlet of the induced draft fan (13) are respectively connected to the gas premixing chamber (14) through pipelines; the water vapor outlet (122) is also connected to the outlet of the steam generator (4) and the outlet of the fan (5); the gasified gas separated by the multi-channel gas-solid separation device (11) enters the condensation heat exchange device (12) under the suction action of the induced draft fan (13), and enters the gas premixing chamber (14) through the water vapor outlet (122); The catalytic bed layer (15) is in communication with the gas premixing chamber (14). A hydrogen outlet (28) is provided at the bottom of the catalytic bed layer (15). After water vapor and gasified gas in the gas premixing chamber (14) are mixed, they are introduced into the catalytic bed layer (15) to carry out a reforming hydrogen production reaction, and the high-purity hydrogen generated is collected at the hydrogen outlet (28).

2. The compact biomass gasification and reforming hydrogen production system according to claim 1, wherein The system further includes a feed box (1) and a screw feeder (2). The outlet of the feed box (1) is connected to the biomass inlet of the screw feeder (2) through a pipeline, and the biomass outlet of the screw feeder (2) is connected to the biomass inlet of the biomass drying chamber (3) through a pipeline; the biomass outlet of the biomass drying chamber (3) is in communication with the biomass feed port (16) through a screw feed pipe.

3. The compact biomass gasification and reforming hydrogen production system according to claim 1, wherein, The outlet of the steam generator (4) and the outlet of the fan (5) are connected in communication through a pipeline at the third valve (17). The third valve (17) is connected to the first air chamber air inlet, the support pipe air inlet (18), and the gasification medium channel inlet (19) through pipelines; a branch pipeline is provided on the pipeline connecting the water vapor outlet (122) and the gas premixing chamber (14), and is in communication with the third valve (17).

4. The compact biomass gasification and reforming hydrogen production system according to claim 3, characterized in that, A first steam flowmeter (21) and a first valve (22) are provided on the pipeline connecting the steam generator (4) and the third valve (17); a second steam flowmeter (26) and a second valve (27) are provided on the pipeline connecting the water vapor outlet (122) and the third valve (17).

5. The compact biomass gasification and reforming hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, An electric heating tube (31) is provided in the biomass gasification reaction chamber (9). The electric heating tube (31) is connected to a temperature control device (29). The temperature control device (29) is used to control the electric heating tube (31) to heat the biomass gasification reaction chamber (9) so that the biomass gasification reaction chamber (9) reaches a set temperature.

6. The compact biomass gasification and reforming hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper top surface of the first baffle plate (6) is convex in an arc shape, and the lower bottom surface has a double-arc concave structure. The solid particles separated by the multi-channel gas-solid separation device (11) slide on the first baffle plate (6) and continue to be gasified in the biomass gasification reaction chamber (9); the upper top surface of the second baffle plate (8) has an arc-shaped concave structure, so that biomass generates a backflow in the biomass gasification reaction chamber (9). A second air distribution plate (33) is provided on the second baffle plate (8), and the direction of the holes in the second air distribution plate (33) is obliquely upward at 45° with respect to the center of the biomass gasification reaction chamber (9); the first air chamber (25) has an umbrella-shaped contraction-expansion structure, and a first air distribution plate (32) is provided in the first air chamber (25).

7. The compact biomass gasification and reforming hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wall surface of the support pipe (7) is staggered with air vents (701) obliquely upward at an angle of 45°. A make-up air outlet (30) is provided at the top end of the support pipe (7) for supplementing the gasification medium.

8. The compact biomass gasification and reforming hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Hard and elastically deformable baffles are alternately provided on the inner and outer side walls of the biomass drying chamber (3); the cross-sectional line of the inner wall surface of the biomass gasification reaction chamber (9) is a spline curve with a uniform curvature change.

9. The compact biomass gasification and reforming hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that After the catalyst preparation device (10) chemically activates the biomass carbon discharged from the carbon outlet with potassium carbonate to obtain a carbon-based support, a metal oxide is then loaded onto the carbon-based support, and the prepared catalyst is used for the catalytic reforming of gasified gas.

10. A compact biomass gasification and reforming method for hydrogen production, which is applied to the compact biomass gasification and reforming system for hydrogen production according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Heat the biomass gasification reaction chamber (9) to make the biomass gasification reaction chamber (9) reach the set temperature; Start the steam generator (4) and the blower (5). The generated high-temperature steam and air are mixed to form a gasification medium, which respectively enter the first air chamber (25), the support tube (7), and the biomass gasification reaction chamber (9) through the first air chamber air inlet, the support tube air inlet (18), and the gasification medium channel inlet (19); Start feeding. The biomass raw material is dried in the biomass drying chamber (3), and a set amount of heat carrier is added and mixed before entering the first air chamber (25) through the biomass feed inlet (16); After the gasification medium, the biomass raw material, and the heat carrier are fully mixed and accelerated in the first air chamber (25), they enter the biomass gasification reaction chamber (9) for gasification. The large-particle biomass carbon generated by pyrolysis gasification enters the carbon discharge channel (23) and is discharged through the carbon outlet (24) and enters the catalyst preparation device (10) through a pipeline for catalyst preparation; The gasified gas generated by pyrolysis gasification, carrying fine fly ash and heat carrier, enters the multi-channel gas-solid separation device (11) for gas-solid separation. The fine fly ash and heat carrier fall from the bottom of the multi-channel gas-solid separation device (11) into the biomass gasification reaction chamber (9). The fine fly ash continues to undergo gasification, and the gasified gas enters the condensation heat exchange device (12) under the action of the induced draft fan (13); Cold water is introduced into the condensation heat exchange device (12) through the cold water inlet (121). The condensed tar is discharged and collected from the tar outlet (123). The gasified gas enters the gas premixing chamber (14) after passing through the induced draft fan (13). The water vapor generated after the cold water absorbs heat is discharged from the water vapor outlet (122) and enters the gas premixing chamber (14) to be fully mixed with the gasified gas and then introduced into the catalytic bed layer (15) for reforming hydrogen production reaction. The high-purity hydrogen generated is collected at the hydrogen outlet (28); After the entire system operates stably, stop heating the biomass gasification reaction chamber (9), and use the heat carrier discharged from the multi-channel gas-solid separation device (11) to provide the heat required for the biomass gasification reaction; close the steam generator (4), and the steam discharged from the water vapor outlet (122) provides the gasification medium for the gasification reaction.

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