A method for quickly plugging a dam breach

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of dam leak fast plugging method, belong to dam emergency technology field in water conservancy engineering, IPC classification number E02B3 / 16, E02B1 / 00.The plugging method of the present application adopts the assembly type dam leak step-by-step plugging device and is composed of traction water delivery rope, salvinia leaf, load-bearing water delivery rope and high water-absorbing resin ball, keeps suspended state in water body after being assembled, when moving to the vicinity of leak water inlet, water flow suction will high water-absorbing resin ball and load-bearing water delivery rope be pulled into dam leak, salvinia leaf sinks and is fixed outside water inlet side.Water is injected into high water-absorbing resin ball through traction water delivery rope, high water-absorbing resin swells quickly when meeting water.Limited by positioner, after high water-absorbing resin ball swells, spherical body mainly develops in transverse direction, and the fitting degree of spherical body and leak hole wall soil can be enhanced by positioner net structure.After multiple high water-absorbing resin balls swell and absorb water, series closed space is formed in hole, and step-by-step plugging and step-by-step closed gas integration operation of leak are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for rapidly sealing breaches in dikes, belonging to the field of emergency repair technology for dikes and dams in water conservancy projects. Its IPC international patent classification number is E02B 1 / 00, E02B 3 / 16. Background Technology

[0002] Vulnerabilities pose a significant threat to the safety of river embankments and reservoir dams. Once formed, the flow velocity inside the vulnerability is high and the scouring is intense. If not properly addressed, it can lead to the collapse of the embankment.

[0003] Following the principle of "pre-blocking and post-guidance, addressing both the immediate and the back sides," emergency repairs of water inlets are typically carried out in three stages: detection, sealing, and airtightening. The "pre-blocking" stage usually involves sealing the water inlet itself, meaning a single-stage sealing is performed only at the inlet. Correspondingly, a single-stage airtightening method must be used, with the airtightening area also limited to the outside of the inlet.

[0004] The key to successful breach repair lies in quickly sealing and sealing the breach after determining its location. The patent "A Method for Sealing Breaches in a Dyke with Floating Duckweed" (Patent No.: CN 107059793 B, Publication Date: September 11, 2018) discloses a method for sealing breaches in dams using superabsorbent resin as the expanding material. The sealing device mainly consists of a floating object in the shape of duckweed, a conical connecting rope, superabsorbent resin balls, a connecting rope, a counterweight, and a traction rope, allowing for staged sealing and airtightening at the breach's inlet section. However, after several years of practical application, the following shortcomings have been found in this method:

[0005] (1) The superabsorbent polymer material is packaged in a bag consisting of a sealed bag, a water-soluble bag, and a water-permeable bag. When using it, the sealed bag must be opened first, the device enters the leak, and the water-soluble bag dissolves 5 to 50 minutes after being immersed in water. Because the leak develops rapidly, it is difficult to accurately control the timing of dissolution and expansion of the superabsorbent polymer material through the water-soluble bag, which cannot meet the requirement of "responding early and small".

[0006] (2) The floating ring structure of duckweed is unstable; after the composite geotextile covering is immersed in water, the buoyancy generated is difficult to keep the whole device suspended in the water, which can easily lead to sealing failure.

[0007] (3) The tapered connecting rope fixed to the inner ring is difficult to fully enter the hole, which can easily cause secondary damage to the hole inlet and aggravate the danger.

[0008] (4) After the superabsorbent polymer (SAP) ball expands, its longitudinal length is large and its transverse dimension is small due to the influence of the hole wall. The expansion volume of the SAP ball, especially the longitudinal expansion, fails to fully play a sealing role (in this invention, longitudinal refers to the length direction of the hole, and transverse refers to the direction perpendicular to the length of the hole).

[0009] (5) The mass of the counterweight is relatively fixed and it is difficult to make adaptive adjustments based on the overall mass and volume of the device.

[0010] To address the aforementioned problems, a redesigned and researched method for rapid sealing of dam breaches was invented. This method allows for precise control of the expansion timing of the superabsorbent resin material, ensuring the sealing device remains suspended in the water. The longitudinal expansion of the sphere transitions to lateral expansion, and the counterweight is determined based on the quantity of expansion material assembled. Applying this method enables rapid sealing of breaches in their early stages, improving the technical level of dam breach emergency repair. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for rapidly sealing breaches in dams. This method, applied simultaneously with the detection of the breach's inlet location, enables step-by-step sealing and air closure, facilitating rapid emergency repairs of deep-water breaches in dams. The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0012] A method for quickly sealing breaches in a dam includes the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Components of the prefabricated modular dam leak sealing device

[0014] The prefabricated dam hole sealing device consists of four components: a traction water conveyance rope, duckweed leaves, a load-bearing water conveyance rope, and a super absorbent resin ball.

[0015] (1) Making a traction water conveyance rope: The traction water conveyance rope is hollow, with an inner diameter of 6.5mm to 8.0mm and an outer diameter of 12mm to 14.0mm, and the outer surface is coated with a photoluminescent material;

[0016] (2) Fabrication of duckweed leaf: The duckweed leaf consists of an outer ring, an outer ring radial structure rod, a float rod, composite geotextile, an inner ring, an inner ring radial structure rod, and a central water delivery connector; the outer ring, inner ring, outer ring radial structure rod, and inner ring radial structure rod together form the frame of the duckweed leaf, wherein the outer ring and inner ring are connected by the outer ring radial structure rod; the area between the outer ring and inner ring is covered with composite geotextile, which is a waterproof composite geotextile consisting of one layer of fabric and one layer of membrane or two layers of fabric and one layer of membrane; the central water delivery connector is a hollow tube located at the center of the duckweed leaf and fixedly connected to the inner ring radial structure rod; the float rod is fixed on the outer ring radial structure rod between the outer ring and inner ring; the outer ring, outer ring radial structure rod, inner ring, inner ring radial structure rod, and central water delivery connector are made of aluminum alloy or FRP material;

[0017] (3) Fabrication of the load-bearing water conveyance rope: The load-bearing water conveyance rope is located below the duckweed leaf and includes one load-bearing rope and one water conveyance rope, both of which are segmented assembly types. The assembly length and the number of segments required are determined according to the depth of the leak. Each segment of the load-bearing rope is 25.0cm long and uses 1.5mm to 2.0mm steel strand with a tensile strength greater than 0.1MPa. Each segment of the load-bearing rope has an automatic locking hook at both ends. The top of the first segment of the load-bearing rope is fixed to the inner ring radial structure rod, and the remaining segments are connected end to end through the automatic locking hook. Each segment of the water conveyance rope is 26.0cm long and uses a hollow flexible tube with an inner diameter of 6.0mm to 7.0mm and an outer diameter of 9mm to 10.0mm. The bottom end is a "Y"-shaped connector. The upper end of the first segment of the water conveyance rope is connected to the lower end of the central water conveyance connector, and the remaining segments are connected end to end through the "Y"-shaped connector. The "Y"-shaped connector of each segment of the water conveyance rope is fixed together with the automatic locking hook at the bottom end of the corresponding segment of the load-bearing rope.

[0018] (4) Making superabsorbent resin balls: The superabsorbent resin balls are composed of a one-way valve, a packaging bag, superabsorbent resin, counterweight material, and a limiter; the packaging bag includes two layers: an outer packaging bag and an inner packaging bag, and the opening of the packaging bag is sealed to the one-way valve; the superabsorbent resin and counterweight material are placed inside the inner packaging bag, wherein the counterweight material is located at the bottom of the inner packaging bag; the counterweight material is a metal ball; the limiter is an ellipsoidal mesh, which is wrapped and fixed to the outside of the outer packaging bag;

[0019] Step 2: Assemble the components

[0020] The components completed in Step One are transported to the dam breach emergency repair site and quickly assembled to create a complete dam breach sealing device; the assembly sequence is as follows:

[0021] (1) Connect the traction water supply rope to the upper end of the central water supply connector.

[0022] (2) The upper end of the first section of the load-bearing rope is fixedly connected to the inner ring radial structure rod, and the remaining sections of the load-bearing rope are connected end to end through the automatic locking hook; the first section of the water supply rope is connected to the lower end of the central water supply connector, and the remaining sections of the water supply rope are connected end to end through the “Y” shaped connector.

[0023] (3) Connect the one-way valve of the superabsorbent resin ball to the "Y" joint of each section of the water conveying rope;

[0024] Step 3: Apply the prefabricated dam leak sealing device to seal the dam leaks.

[0025] (1) Analyze the danger of the dam breach, estimate the location of the deep water breach inlet, and place the assembled dam breach sealing device completed in step two on the downstream side of the breach inlet. Keep it suspended in the water, and use manual labor or boat to pull the assembled dam breach sealing device slowly from downstream to upstream along the dam slope on the water-facing side.

[0026] (2) When the prefabricated dam hole sealing device moves to the vicinity of the hole inlet, the water flow suction generated by the flow velocity difference at the hole will pull the super absorbent resin ball and the load-bearing water conveying rope into the dam hole. The duckweed leaves will sink and be fixed on the outside of the hole inlet, serving as a fixing device and bearing the tension.

[0027] (3) Connect the traction water supply rope to the high-pressure water injection machine. When the duckweed leaves are fixed at the inlet of the hole and the traction water supply rope is difficult to pull, water is quickly injected into the super absorbent resin ball through the water supply rope. The super absorbent resin expands rapidly after absorbing water. Due to the restriction of the limiter, the super absorbent resin ball is tightly attached to the hole wall after expansion. The mesh structure of the limiter enhances the fit between the ball and the hole wall. After multiple super absorbent resin balls absorb water and expand, they form a series of closed spaces in the hole, realizing the step-by-step sealing and airtightness in the hole.

[0028] Preferably, the float rod is made of EPE pearl cotton material.

[0029] Preferably, the automatic locking hook uses a spring lock, with a length not exceeding 4.0 cm and a tensile strength greater than 0.5 MPa;

[0030] Preferably, the "Y"-shaped connector is fixed together with the automatic locking hook at the bottom of the corresponding section of the load-bearing rope using cable ties.

[0031] The invention relates to a method for rapidly sealing breaches in dikes, and its inventive aspects are reflected in the following:

[0032] (1) The prefabricated, segmented assembly sealing device is adopted to solve the problem of applicability of emergency repair of dikes with different water depths. It can quickly complete the step-by-step sealing and air closure of deep water holes in dikes, thereby improving the efficiency of emergency repair.

[0033] (2) Water is rapidly injected into the super absorbent resin ball through the water supply rope, which solves the problem of accurately controlling the expansion timing of the super absorbent resin ball in water, with a time accuracy of 10 seconds.

[0034] (3) With the control of the limiter, the superabsorbent resin ball expands mainly laterally after expansion. At the same time, the mesh structure of the limiter can enhance the fit between the ball and the soil of the hole wall.

[0035] (4) The use of a float bar ensures that the entire device remains suspended in the water, making it easier to enter the leak with the water flow at the leak inlet, thus improving the success rate of emergency rescue.

[0036] (5) The duckweed leaf adopts an inner and outer ring structure of “circular water supply connector + radial structure rod”, which enhances the stability of the overall structure of the duckweed leaf;

[0037] (6) The load-bearing rope and the water supply rope are set separately and then fixed together at the bottom of each section. The load-bearing rope bears the large dynamic water pressure in the hole after the super absorbent resin ball expands, ensuring the integrity of the sealing device. The water supply rope is set separately and connected to the one-way valve, which can accurately control the water used and the expansion volume of the super absorbent resin ball.

[0038] (7) The super absorbent resin ball, composed of a packaging bag, super absorbent resin and counterweight material, is sealed and connected to a one-way valve to form an independent component, creating a relatively dry microenvironment inside the ball, thus solving the problem of long-term storage.

[0039] (8) The outer surface of the traction water conveyance rope is coated with a photoluminescent material, which reduces the number of traction ropes of the sealing device, optimizes the device structure, and can accurately mark the location of the leak in environments with insufficient light, such as at night.

[0040] (9) The prefabricated high water absorption resin ball components are used and firmly assembled with the load-bearing water conveyance rope in sections. Through precise control, a series of closed spaces are formed in the dam holes, realizing the step-by-step sealing and airtightening of the dam holes.

[0041] (10) All parts of the device of the present invention are assemblable, easy to carry and long-term storage. In the early stage of the occurrence and discovery of dam breaches, 1 to 3 people can use it in harsh conditions such as rainstorms and mud to achieve rapid emergency rescue by integrating dam breach sealing and air closure, so as to achieve the purpose of "responding early and small". Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the prefabricated dam breach sealing device used in this invention.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the duckweed leaf of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the load-bearing water conveyance rope of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the superabsorbent resin ball of the present invention.

[0046] Figures 1-4In the diagram, 1 is the traction water conveyance rope, 2 is the duckweed leaf, 3 is the load-bearing water conveyance rope, 4 is the super absorbent resin ball, 5 is the outer ring, 6 is the outer ring radial structure rod, 7 is the float rod, 8 is the composite geomaterial, 9 is the inner ring, 10 is the inner ring radial structure rod, 11 is the circular water conveyance connector, 12 is the load-bearing rope, 13 is the water conveyance rope, 14 is the automatic locking hook, 15 is the "Y" joint, 16 is the one-way valve, 17 is the outer packaging bag, 18 is the inner packaging bag, 19 is the super absorbent resin material, 20 is the counterweight material, and 21 is the limiter. Detailed implementation method:

[0047] Combined with appendix Figure 1 ~Attached Figure 4 The present invention will be described in detail below.

[0048] The present invention provides a method for rapidly sealing dam breaches, comprising three steps: component fabrication of a prefabricated dam breach sealing device, device assembly, and application of the device to seal dam breaches.

[0049] Step 1: Components of the prefabricated modular dam leak sealing device

[0050] The prefabricated dam breach sealing device of this invention is manufactured using a component prefabrication method. The device includes four components: a traction water conveyance rope 1, a duckweed leaf 2, a load-bearing water conveyance rope 3, and a super absorbent resin ball 4.

[0051] (1) Making a traction water conveyance rope 1. The traction water conveyance rope 1 is hollow, with an inner diameter of 6.5mm to 8.0mm and an outer diameter of 12mm to 14.0mm. The outer surface is coated with a photoluminescent material so that the location of the leak can still be clearly marked when the ambient light is weak.

[0052] (2) Making duckweed leaves 2. The duckweed leaf consists of an outer ring 5, an outer ring radial structure rod 6, a float rod 7, a composite geotextile 8, an inner ring 9, an inner ring radial structure rod 10, and a central water-carrying connector 11. The outer ring 5 has a diameter of 80.0cm to 200.0cm, and the inner ring 9 has a diameter of 20.0cm to 40.0cm. The outer ring 5 and the inner ring 9 are connected by the outer ring radial structure rod 6. The area between the outer ring 5 and the inner ring 9 is covered with composite geotextile 8, which is a waterproof composite geotextile consisting of one layer of fabric and one layer of membrane or two layers of fabric and one layer of membrane. The central water-carrying connector 11 is located at the center of the duckweed leaf. It is a hollow steel pipe with an inner diameter of 6.0mm to 7.5mm, an outer diameter of 11.0mm to 13.0mm, and a length of 15.0cm. It is fixedly connected to the inner ring radial structure rod 10 by welding or integral fabrication, and together with the outer ring 5 and the inner ring 9, it forms the frame of the duckweed leaf 2. The float rod 7 is fixed to the outer ring radial structure rod 6 between the outer ring 5 and the inner ring 9. The outer ring 5, the outer ring radial structure rod 6, the inner ring 9, the inner ring radial structure rod 10, and the central water supply connector 11 are made of aluminum alloy or FRP material; preferably, the float rod 7 is made of EPE pearl cotton material.

[0053] (3) Fabrication of the load-bearing water conveyance rope 3. The load-bearing water conveyance rope 3 is located below the duckweed leaf 2 and includes a load-bearing rope 12 and a water conveyance rope 13. Both are segmented assembly types, and the assembly length and the number of segments required are determined according to the depth of the leak. Each segment of the load-bearing rope 12 is 25.0cm long and uses 1.5mm to 2.0mm steel strand. Both ends are equipped with automatic locking hooks 14. The top end of the first segment of the load-bearing rope 12 is connected to the inner ring radial structure rod 10, and the remaining segments are connected end to end through the automatic locking hooks 14. Each segment of the water conveying rope 13 is 26.0 cm long, made of hollow flexible tubing with an inner diameter of 6.0 mm to 7.0 mm and an outer diameter of 9 mm to 10.0 mm, and has a Y-shaped connector 15 at the bottom. The upper end of the first segment of the water conveying rope 13 is connected to the lower end of the central water conveying connector 11, and the remaining segments are connected end to end via the Y-shaped connectors 15. The Y-shaped connectors 15 of each segment of the water conveying rope 13 are fixed together with the automatic locking hooks 14 at the bottom of the corresponding segment of the load-bearing rope 12. Preferably, the tensile strength of the steel strand is greater than 0.1 MPa; the automatic locking hooks 14 are spring locks with a length not exceeding 4.0 cm and a tensile strength greater than 0.5 MPa; the Y-shaped connectors 15 are fixed together with the automatic locking hooks 14 at the bottom of the corresponding segment of the load-bearing rope 12 using cable ties.

[0054] (4) Making superabsorbent resin balls 4. The superabsorbent resin balls consist of a one-way valve 16, a packaging bag, superabsorbent resin 19, counterweight material 20, and a limiter 21; the one-way valve 16 is a spring-loaded plastic one-way valve with a fluororubber diaphragm, suitable for hoses with an inner diameter of 6.0mm to 7.0mm; the packaging bag consists of two layers: an outer packaging bag 17 and an inner packaging bag 18. The two-layer structure enhances the sealing of the bag and facilitates storage; the packaging bag body is made of high-strength rubber, and the bag opening is sealed to the one-way valve 16; the superabsorbent resin material 19... 9 and counterweight material 20 are placed inside the inner packaging bag 18, with the counterweight material 20 located at the bottom of the inner packaging bag 18; the counterweight material 20 is a metal ball of the same density as iron; the inner packaging bag 18 is pre-filled with super absorbent resin material 19 and counterweight material 20, which become an independent component after being sealed and connected with the one-way valve 16, and can be stored for a long time, and can be assembled and used according to the length and number of sections of the load-bearing water supply rope 3; the limiter 21 is an ellipsoidal mesh made of polymer materials such as polypropylene, which is wrapped and fixed to the outside of the outer packaging bag 17.

[0055] (5) After the above four components are manufactured, they can be stored as individual components or assembled into a complete dam hole sealing device for storage.

[0056] Step 2: Assemble the components

[0057] After transporting the components completed in step one to the dam breach emergency repair site, they are quickly assembled to create a complete dam breach sealing device. The assembly sequence is as follows:

[0058] (1) Connect the traction water supply rope 1 to the upper end of the central water supply connector 11.

[0059] (2) The first section of the load-bearing rope 12 is fixedly connected to the inner ring radial structure rod 10, and the remaining sections of the load-bearing rope 12 are connected end to end through the automatic locking hook 14; the first section of the water supply rope 13 is connected to the lower end of the central water supply connector 11, and the remaining sections of the water supply rope 13 are connected end to end through the “Y” shaped connector 15.

[0060] (3) Connect the superabsorbent resin ball 4 to the “Y” joint 15 of each section of water conveying rope 13 through the one-way valve 16.

[0061] Step 3: Use a step-by-step sealing device to plug the leaks in the dam.

[0062] (1) Analyze the danger of the dam breach, estimate the location of the deep water breach inlet, and place the assembled dam breach sealing device completed in step two on the downstream side of the breach inlet. Keep it suspended in the water, and move the assembled dam breach sealing device slowly from downstream to upstream along the dam slope on the water-facing side by manual or boat-borne traction.

[0063] (2) When the prefabricated dam hole sealing device moves to the vicinity of the hole inlet, the water flow suction generated by the flow velocity difference at the hole will pull the super absorbent resin ball 4 and the load-bearing water conveyance rope 3 into the dam hole. The duckweed leaf 2 will sink and be fixed on the outside of the hole inlet, serving as a fixing device and bearing the tension.

[0064] (3) Connect the traction water supply rope 1 to the high-pressure water injection machine. When the duckweed leaf 2 is fixed at the inlet of the hole and the traction water supply rope 1 is difficult to pull, quickly inject water into the superabsorbent resin ball 4 through the water supply rope 13. After water injection, the superabsorbent resin material 19 expands rapidly. Due to the large water flow velocity in the hole, the expanded ball develops longitudinally along the hole, but after being restricted by the limiter 21, it mainly expands laterally. After the superabsorbent resin ball 4 expands, it fits tightly against the hole wall. The mesh structure of the limiter 21 can enhance the fit between the ball and the hole wall. After multiple superabsorbent resin balls 4 absorb water and expand, they form a series of closed spaces in the hole, realizing step-by-step sealing and airtightness in the hole.

Claims

1. A method for quickly plugging a breach in a dam, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Preparing each component of the prefabricated dam hole step-by-step plugging device The prefabricated dam hole step-by-step plugging device comprises four components: a traction water conveying rope (1), a duckweed leaf (2), a load-bearing water conveying rope (3), and a super absorbent polymer ball (4); (1) Manufacturing the traction water conveying rope (1): the traction water conveying rope (1) is hollow, with an inner diameter of 6.5mm-8.0mm and an outer diameter of 12mm-14.0mm, and the outer surface is coated with light-accumulating night light material; (2) Manufacturing the duckweed leaf (2): the duckweed leaf (2) is composed of an outer ring (5), an outer ring radiation structure rod (6), a floating body rod (7), a composite geotechnical material (8), an inner ring (9), an inner ring radiation structure rod (10), and a center water conveying connector (11); the outer ring (5), the inner ring (9), the outer ring radiation structure rod (6), and the inner ring radiation structure rod (10) together form the frame of the duckweed leaf (2), wherein the outer ring (5) and the inner ring (9) are connected by the outer ring radiation structure rod (6); the area between the outer ring (5) and the inner ring (9) is covered with the composite geotechnical material (8), which is a water-impermeable cloth-film composite geotextile; the center water conveying connector (11) is a hollow pipe body located at the center of the duckweed leaf (2) and fixedly connected with the inner ring radiation structure rod (10); the floating body rod (7) is fixed on the outer ring radiation structure rod (6) between the outer ring (5) and the inner ring (9); the outer ring (5), the outer ring radiation structure rod (6), the inner ring (9), the inner ring radiation structure rod (10), and the center water conveying connector (11) are made of aluminum alloy or FRP material; the floating body rod (7) is made of EPE pearl wool material; (3) making the load-bearing water delivery rope (3): the load-bearing water delivery rope (3) is located below the duckweed leaf (2) and comprises a load-bearing rope (12) and a water delivery rope (13), both of which are sectional assembly type, and the assembly length and required number of sections are determined according to the water depth of the leakage; each section of the load-bearing rope (12) is 25.0 cm long, and the steel strand is 1.5 mm-2.0 mm, with a tensile strength greater than 0.1 MPa; each section of the load-bearing rope (12) is provided with an automatic locking hook (14) at both ends, the automatic locking hook (14) is a spring lock with a length of not greater than 4.0 cm and a tensile strength greater than 0.5 MPa; the top end of the first section of the load-bearing rope (12) is fixed to the inner ring and radiation structure rod (10), and the remaining sections are connected end to end through the automatic locking hook (14); each section of the water delivery rope (13) is 26.0 cm long, and the hollow hose is used, with an inner diameter of 6.0 mm-7.0 mm and an outer diameter of 9 mm-10.0 mm, and the bottom end is a "Y" shaped joint (15); the upper end of the first section of the water delivery rope (13) is connected to the lower end of the center water delivery connector (11), and the remaining sections are connected end to end through the "Y" shaped joint (15); the "Y" shaped joint (15) of each section of the water delivery rope (13) is fixed with the automatic locking hook (14) at the bottom end of the corresponding section of the load-bearing rope (12); the "Y" shaped joint (15) and the automatic locking hook (14) at the bottom end of the corresponding section of the load-bearing rope (12) are fixed together by using a tie; (4) making the high water absorption resin ball (4): the high water absorption resin ball (4) is composed of a one-way valve (16), a packaging bag, a high water absorption resin material (19), a counterweight material (20) and a position limiter (21); the packaging bag comprises two layers of an outer packaging bag (17) and an inner packaging bag (18), and the bag opening of the packaging bag is sealingly connected with the one-way valve (16); the one-way valve (16) is a spring plastic one-way valve; the high water absorption resin material (19) and the counterweight material (20) are contained in the inner packaging bag (18), and the counterweight material (20) is located at the bottom of the inner packaging bag (18); the counterweight material (20) is a metal ball; the position limiter (21) is an ellipsoidal net wrapped and fixed outside the outer packaging bag (17) and used for controlling the high water absorption resin ball (4) to mainly develop in the horizontal direction after swelling; Step two, assembling each component After the components completed in step one are transported to the dam leakage rescue site, the complete dam leakage step-by-step plugging device is quickly assembled; the assembly sequence is as follows: (1) connecting the traction water delivery rope (1) with the upper end of the center water delivery connector (11); (2) fixing the upper end of the first section of the load-bearing rope (12) to the inner ring and radiation structure rod (10), and connecting the remaining sections of the load-bearing rope (12) end to end through the automatic locking hook (14); connecting the first section of the water delivery rope (13) to the lower end of the center water delivery connector (11), and connecting the remaining sections of the water delivery rope (13) end to end through the "Y" shaped joint (15); (3) connecting the one-way valve (16) of the high water absorption resin ball (4) to the "Y" shaped joint (15) of each section of the water delivery rope (13); Step three, the assembled dam leak step-by-step plugging device is used to plug the dam leak (1) Analyze the dam leak danger, estimate the deep water leak inlet position, place the assembled dam leak step-by-step plugging device completed in step two at the downstream side of the leak inlet, keep the water body in a suspended state, and manually or by a ship to tow the assembled dam leak step-by-step plugging device to slowly move along the water side dam slope from downstream to upstream; (2) When the assembled dam leak step-by-step plugging device moves to the vicinity of the leak inlet, the water flow suction force generated by the flow rate difference of the hole will pull the high water absorption resin ball (4) and the load water conveying rope (3) into the dam leak, and the duckweed leaf (2) will sink and be fixed outside the leak inlet, serving as a fixing device and bearing the tension; (3) Connect the towing water conveying rope (1) to the high-pressure water injection machine, and when the duckweed leaf (2) is fixed at the leak inlet and the towing water conveying rope (1) is difficult to pull, quickly inject water into the high water absorption resin ball (4) through the water conveying rope (13), and the high water absorption resin material (19) will quickly expand after absorbing water; limited by the limit stopper (21), the high water absorption resin ball (4) is tightly attached to the hole wall after expansion, and the mesh structure of the limit stopper (21) enhances the adhesion of the ball body to the hole wall; multiple high water absorption resin balls (4) form a series of closed spaces after swelling, realizing step-by-step plugging and step-by-step air sealing in the hole.

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