A measuring method for measuring displacement of a roof, floor and rib of a roadway

Abstract

This application provides a device for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway. It is simple to assemble and solves the problems of inconvenient operation and inaccurate measurement of roadway surrounding rock displacement using existing methods. The mounting plate is connected to a clamping and fixing mechanism via bearings and automatically uses a plumb bob under gravity. An automatic angle measuring instrument is horizontally mounted on the lower part of the mounting plate, and a laser rangefinder is installed by adjusting the rotating shaft. Using this device, the angular and straight-line distances from the device to various measuring points can be measured. The data is then transmitted to a data processing module where trigonometric functions are used to calculate the horizontal and vertical distances. Positioning correction is then performed by measuring the horizontal and vertical distances from the device to the positioning anchor rod. Subtracting the first measurement from the corrected data obtained after the second measurement using the positioning anchor rod yields the actual roof subsidence, floor heave, and sidewall spalling of the roadway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of displacement measurement devices for rock strata around roadways, specifically to a device and measurement method for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor and sidewalls of a roadway. Background Technology

[0002] The displacement of the surrounding rock around a roadway is a key focus of mine pressure monitoring. It directly reflects the intensity of the stress effect of mine pressure on different locations within the roadway. Especially during the longwall mining phase, roadways are significantly affected by mining activities, easily leading to roof subsidence, floor bulging, and spalling, which reduces the roadway's cross-sectional space and severely impacts its normal use. Therefore, measuring the displacement of the surrounding rock around a roadway is of great significance for revealing the movement patterns of the surrounding rock.

[0003] Existing methods for measuring displacement of roadway surrounding rock mainly rely on manual measuring tape, which is inconvenient to operate, lacks accuracy, and is prone to significant errors. Furthermore, most methods primarily measure the convergence between the roadway roof and floor, as well as the convergence of the sidewalls, failing to separately measure the roof subsidence and floor heave. This fails to accurately reflect the stress state of the roadway. If the actual roof subsidence, floor heave, and sidewall spalling could be measured, the areas of the roadway experiencing significant stress could be effectively identified, allowing for targeted reinforcement of those areas to maintain roadway stability.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device that can measure the subsidence of the roadway roof and the heave of the roadway floor, and is easy to operate for measuring the displacement of the roadway roof, floor and sidewalls. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application aims to address the technical problems of existing methods for measuring displacement of roadway surrounding rock, which are inconvenient to operate and lack accuracy. Furthermore, existing methods primarily measure the convergence between the roadway roof and floor, as well as the convergence of the two sidewalls, failing to separately measure the roof subsidence, floor heave, and sidewall spalling, thus failing to adequately reflect the stress conditions of the roadway. The application provides a device and method for measuring the displacement of the roadway roof, floor, and sidewalls that are easy to operate and can measure the roof subsidence and floor heave.

[0006] A device for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway includes a transverse anchor rod for fixing the entire device to the sidewalls of the roadway. A clamping and fixing mechanism is sleeved on the transverse anchor rod. An installation plate is provided at the end of the clamping and fixing mechanism away from the transverse anchor rod. An automatic angle measuring instrument and a laser rangefinder that can rotate relative to the installation plate are provided for measuring the distance and angle of points in the roadway.

[0007] The device for measuring the displacement of the roadway roof, floor, and sidewalls as described above, wherein the clamping and fixing mechanism includes a clamping member sleeved and clamped on the transverse anchor bolt, and a fixing rod disposed on the clamping member and passing through the mounting plate for fixing thereto.

[0008] As described above, the device for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway has a mounting hole on the mounting plate through which the fixing rod can pass. A bearing is provided between the mounting hole and the fixing rod, and the fixing rod is also provided with a limiting member for limiting its position on the mounting plate.

[0009] As described above, the device for measuring the displacement of the roadway roof, floor, and sidewalls has a locking part on the clamping member for locking and releasing the clamping and fixing mechanism, so that the clamping and fixing mechanism can slide left and right along the transverse anchor.

[0010] As described above, in the device for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway, the automatic angle measuring instrument and the laser rangefinder are fixedly mounted on the lower side of the fixed rod via a rotating shaft.

[0011] The device for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway, as described above, further includes a data processing module for collecting and processing the angle and distance data measured by the automatic angle measuring instrument and the laser rangefinder.

[0012] A measurement method using the apparatus for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway as described in any of the preceding claims includes the following steps:

[0013] A. After the device for measuring the displacement of the roadway roof, floor and sidewalls is assembled, it is arranged on both sides of the roadway sidewalls according to the actual situation of the roadway. Long anchor rods at a 45° angle to the horizontal direction are arranged at the bottom corners on both sides of the roadway.

[0014] B. Use an automatic angle measuring instrument and a laser rangefinder to measure the measuring points on the roof and floor of the roadway. Read the angle and distance at this time and transmit the data to the data processing module. Calculate the initial and working vertical distance from the measuring device to the roof, calculate the initial and working vertical distance from the measuring device to the floor, and then calculate the initial and working vertical distance from the device to the positioning anchor rod.

[0015] C. Using the measuring device placed on the left side of the roadway in step A, adjust it so that the automatic angle measuring instrument and laser rangefinder are placed on the right side of the roadway. Take the angle and distance readings at this time and transmit them to the data processing module. Calculate the horizontal distance from the measuring device on the left side to the right side, and then calculate the horizontal distance from the measuring device on the left side to the right positioning anchor rod. Then use the measuring device on the right side to measure the horizontal distance on the left side and calculate the horizontal distance from the measuring device on the right side to the left positioning anchor rod.

[0016] D. Repeat the above measurement step C at the second measurement time point, and obtain the vertical correction value and horizontal correction value by measuring the change in distance from the measuring device to the positioning anchor rod, and obtain the correction value calculation formula based on the correction value;

[0017] E. The data processing module subtracts the initial distance value from the corrected distance value obtained in steps C and D to calculate the actual roof subsidence, floor heave, and sidewall spalling of the roadway.

[0018] The measurement method for the device for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway, as described above, includes the following steps in step A: assembling the measuring device according to the actual conditions of the roadway; arranging transverse anchor bolts on the sidewalls of the roadway according to the actual conditions of the roadway; fixing the clamping and fixing mechanism on the transverse anchor bolts; fixing the mounting plate on the clamping and fixing mechanism at the end away from the transverse anchor bolts so that it can automatically plumb; installing an automatic angle measuring instrument on the mounting plate, and then installing a laser rangefinder on the automatic angle measuring instrument so that while rotating the laser rangefinder to measure the distance, it can also measure the angle at this time, and then leveling and zeroing them.

[0019] The measurement method for the device used to measure the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway, as described above, includes the following formula for calculating the initial vertical distance from the measuring device to the roof in step B: The working distance formula is: The formula for calculating the initial vertical distance between the measuring device and the base plate is: The working distance formula is: The formula for calculating the initial vertical distance from the device to the positioning anchor rod is as follows: The working distance formula is: ;

[0020] The formula for calculating the initial horizontal distance from the left side measuring device to the right side in step C is as follows: The working distance formula is: The formula for the initial horizontal distance from the measuring device on the right side of the wall to the positioning anchor rod on the left side is: The working distance formula is: .

[0021] The measurement method for the device used to measure the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway, as described above, includes the following formula for calculating the vertical correction value in step D: The formula for calculating the horizontal correction value is: The formula for calculating the correction value is as follows: , and .

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0023] 1. This application provides a device for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway. It is simple to assemble and solves the problems of inconvenient operation and inaccurate measurement of roadway surrounding rock displacement using existing methods. The mounting plate is connected to a clamping and fixing mechanism via bearings and automatically uses a plumb bob under gravity. An automatic angle measuring instrument is horizontally installed at the bottom of the mounting plate, and a laser rangefinder is installed by adjusting the rotating shaft. Using this device, the angular and straight-line distances from the device to various measuring points can be measured. These distances are then transmitted to a data processing module where trigonometric functions are used to calculate the horizontal and vertical distances. Positioning correction is then performed by measuring the horizontal and vertical distances from the device to the positioning anchor rod. Subtracting the first measurement from the corrected data obtained after the second measurement using the positioning anchor rod yields the actual roof subsidence, floor heave, and sidewall spalling of the roadway.

[0024] 2. This application provides a measurement method using a device to measure the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway. This method allows for separate measurement and reading of roof subsidence, floor bulge, and sidewall spalling. The measurement method is simple and convenient, using an automatic angle measuring instrument and a laser rangefinder for easy reading. The measurement accuracy is significantly improved compared to traditional ruler measurement. This method solves the problem that existing measurement methods mainly measure the convergence between the roof and floor and the convergence of the two sidewalls, and cannot separately measure the roof subsidence, floor bulge, and sidewall spalling, thus failing to adequately reflect the stress situation of the roadway. This method can effectively analyze the areas of the roadway subjected to greater stress, thereby enabling targeted reinforcement of these areas to maintain roadway stability. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a front view of a device for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor and sidewalls of a roadway, as described in this application.

[0027] Figure 2This is a right view of a device for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor and sidewalls of a roadway, as described in this application.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the initial roof and floor distance measurement of the device for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor and sidewalls of a roadway according to this application;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the device for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor and sidewalls of a roadway during operation.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the initial side distance measurement of a device for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor and sidewalls of a roadway, as described in this application.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sidewall distance measurement during operation of the device for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor and sidewalls of a roadway, as described in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-6 The present invention will be further described below.

[0033] like Figure 1-6 As shown, a device for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor and sidewalls of a roadway includes a clamping and fixing mechanism 1, a clamping component 10, a fixing rod 11, a locking part 12, a data processing module 13, a limiting component 2, a mounting plate 4, a bearing 5, a rotating shaft 6, an automatic angle measuring instrument 7, a laser rangefinder 8 and a transverse anchor bolt 9.

[0034] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a device for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor and sidewalls of a roadway includes a transverse anchor rod 9 for fixing the entire device to the sidewall of the roadway. A clamping and fixing mechanism 1 is sleeved on the transverse anchor rod 9. An installation plate 4 is provided at the end of the clamping and fixing mechanism 1 away from the transverse anchor rod 9. An automatic angle measuring instrument 7 and a laser rangefinder 8 that can rotate relative to the installation plate 4 are provided for measuring the distance and angle of points in the roadway.

[0035] Preferably, the clamping and fixing mechanism 1 includes a clamping member 10 sleeved and clamped on the transverse anchor rod 9, and a fixing rod 11 disposed on the clamping member 10 and passing through the mounting plate 4 for fixing thereto.

[0036] Preferably, the mounting plate 4 has a mounting hole 40 through which the fixing rod 11 can pass, and a bearing 5 is provided between the mounting hole 40 and the fixing rod 11. The fixing rod 11 is also provided with a limiting member 2 for limiting it on the mounting plate 4.

[0037] Preferably, the clamping member 10 is provided with a locking part 12 for locking and releasing the clamping and fixing mechanism 1, so that the clamping and fixing mechanism 1 can slide left and right along the transverse anchor rod 9.

[0038] Preferably, the automatic angle measuring instrument 7 and the laser rangefinder 8 are fixedly mounted on the lower side of the fixed rod 11 via a rotating shaft 6.

[0039] Preferably, the device further includes a data processing module 13 for collecting and processing angle and distance measurement data from the automatic angle measuring instrument 7 and the laser rangefinder 8.

[0040] like Figure 3-6 As shown, a measurement method using the apparatus for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway as described in any of the preceding claims includes the following steps:

[0041] A. After the device for measuring the displacement of the roadway roof, floor and sidewalls is assembled, it is arranged on both sides of the roadway sidewalls according to the actual situation of the roadway. Long anchor rods 14 at 45° to the horizontal direction are arranged at the bottom corners on both sides of the roadway.

[0042] B. Use the automatic angle measuring instrument 7 and the laser rangefinder 8 to measure the roof and floor points of the roadway. Record the angle and distance measurements and transmit them to the data processing module 13. Calculate the initial vertical distance from the measuring device to the roof using the following formula: The working distance formula is: The formula for calculating the initial vertical distance between the measuring device and the base plate is: The working distance formula is: The formula for calculating the initial vertical distance from the measuring device to the positioning anchor rod (14) is as follows: The working distance formula is: ;

[0043] C. Using the measuring device placed on the left side of the roadway in step A, adjust the automatic angle measuring instrument 7 and the laser rangefinder 8 to measure the right side of the roadway. Read the angle and distance measurements at this point and transmit them to the data processing module 13. Calculate the initial horizontal distance from the left side measuring device to the right side using the following formula: The working distance formula is: The formula for the initial horizontal distance from the measuring device on the right side of the wall to the left positioning anchor rod (14) is as follows: The working distance formula is: ;

[0044] D. Repeat the above measurement step C at the second measurement time point, and obtain the vertical correction value by measuring the change in distance from the measuring device to the positioning anchor rod 14. and horizontal correction value According to the corrected value, , and ;

[0045] E. The data processing module 13 subtracts the initial distance value from the corrected distance value obtained in steps C and D, and calculates the actual roof subsidence, floor heave, and sidewall spalling of the roadway.

[0046] in, The distance from the measuring device to the top plate; The horizontal angle between the line connecting the measuring device and the top plate; This refers to the distance from the measuring device to the top plate during operation. The horizontal angle between the line connecting the measuring device and the top plate during operation; The distance between the measuring device and the base plate; The horizontal angle between the line connecting the measuring device and the base plate; The distance between the measuring device and the base plate during operation; The horizontal angle between the line connecting the measuring device and the base plate during operation; The distance from the measuring device on the left side to the right side; The minimum horizontal angle between the measuring device on the left side and the line connecting the right side; The distance from the measuring device to the top of the positioning anchor rod (14); The minimum vertical angle between the measuring device and the top of the positioning anchor rod (14); The distance from the measuring device to the top of the positioning anchor rod (14) during operation; The minimum vertical angle between the measuring device and the top of the positioning anchor rod (14) during operation; The distance from the measuring device on the left side to the right side during operation; This is the minimum horizontal angle between the measuring device on the left side and the line connecting the right side during operation. The distance from the measuring device on the right side to the top of the positioning anchor rod (14) on the left side; The minimum horizontal angle between the line connecting the right side measuring device and the top of the left side positioning anchor rod (14); The distance from the measuring device on the right side to the top of the long anchor rod (14) on the left side during operation; The minimum horizontal angle between the line connecting the right side measuring device and the top of the left side positioning anchor rod (14) during operation.

[0047] Preferably, the assembly of the measuring device in step A specifically includes the following steps: According to the actual conditions of the roadway, arrange transverse anchor bolts 9 on the roadway sidewall, and fix the clamping and fixing mechanism 1 on the transverse anchor bolts 9; fix the mounting plate 4 on the clamping and fixing mechanism 1 at the end away from the transverse anchor bolt 9 so that it can automatically plumb; install an automatic angle measuring instrument 7 on the mounting plate 4, and then install a laser rangefinder 8 on the automatic angle measuring instrument 7 so that while rotating the laser rangefinder 8 to measure distance, it can also measure the angle at this time, and level and zero them.

[0048] Therefore, this invention provides a device for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway using the aforementioned structure. This device can obtain the angular and straight-line distances from the device to the roof, floor, and positioning anchor rods. The vertical and horizontal distances are then calculated using trigonometric functions. A second distance value is obtained by correcting the distance using the positioning anchor rods. Subtracting the two values ​​yields the actual roof subsidence, floor bulge, and sidewall spalling. This allows for separate measurement and reading of the roof subsidence, floor bulge, and sidewall spalling. The measurement method is simple and convenient, using an automatic angle measuring instrument and laser rangefinder for easy reading, and the measurement accuracy is significantly improved compared to traditional ruler measurements.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway, characterized in that: The displacement of the roadway roof, floor and sidewalls is measured by a measuring device. The measuring device includes a transverse anchor rod (9) for fixing the whole device to the sidewall of the roadway. A clamping and fixing mechanism (1) is sleeved on the transverse anchor rod (9). An installation plate (4) is provided at the end of the clamping and fixing mechanism (1) away from the transverse anchor rod (9). An automatic angle measuring instrument (7) and a laser rangefinder (8) that can rotate relative to it are provided on the installation plate (4) for measuring the distance and angle of roadway points. The measurement method includes the following steps: A. After the measuring device is assembled, it is arranged on both sides of the roadway according to the actual situation of the roadway. Long anchor rods (14) at 45° to the horizontal direction are arranged at the bottom corners on both sides of the roadway. B. Use an automatic angle measuring instrument (7) and a laser rangefinder (8) to measure the measuring points on the roof and floor of the roadway, read the angle and distance at this time and collect and transmit them to the data processing module (13), calculate the initial and working vertical distance from the measuring device to the roof, calculate the initial and working vertical distance from the measuring device to the floor, and then calculate the initial and working vertical distance from the measuring device to the positioning long anchor rod (14). C. Using the measuring device arranged on the left side of the roadway in step A, adjust the automatic angle measuring instrument (7) and laser rangefinder (8) to measure the side of the roadway arranged on the right side. Read the angle and distance at this time and collect and transmit them to the data processing module (13). Calculate the horizontal distance from the measuring device on the left side to the right side, and then calculate the horizontal distance from the measuring device on the left side to the right positioning anchor rod (14). Then use the measuring device on the right side to measure the horizontal distance on the left side and calculate the horizontal distance from the measuring device on the right side to the left positioning anchor rod (14). D. Repeat the above measurement step C at the second measurement time point, and obtain the vertical correction value and horizontal correction value by measuring the change in distance from the measuring device to the positioning long anchor rod (14), and obtain the correction value calculation formula based on the correction value; E. The data processing module (13) subtracts the initial distance value from the corrected distance value obtained in steps C and D, and calculates the actual roof subsidence, floor heave and sidewall flaring of the roadway.

2. The method for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The assembly of the measuring device in step A specifically includes the following steps: According to the actual situation of the roadway, a transverse anchor rod (9) is arranged on the side of the roadway, and the clamping and fixing mechanism (1) is fixed on the transverse anchor rod (9); the mounting plate (4) is fixedly installed on the clamping and fixing mechanism (1) at one end away from the transverse anchor rod (9) so that it can automatically plumb; an automatic angle measuring instrument (7) is installed on the mounting plate (4), and then a laser rangefinder (8) is installed on the automatic angle measuring instrument (7) so that while rotating the laser rangefinder (8) to measure the distance, the angle at this time can be measured, and they are leveled and zeroed.

3. The method for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the initial vertical distance from the measuring device to the top plate in step B is as follows: The working distance formula is: The formula for calculating the initial vertical distance between the measuring device and the base plate is: The working distance formula is: The formula for calculating the initial vertical distance from the measuring device to the positioning anchor rod (14) is as follows: The working distance formula is: ; The formula for calculating the initial horizontal distance from the left side measuring device to the right side in step C is as follows: The working distance formula is: The formula for the initial horizontal distance from the measuring device on the right side of the wall to the left positioning anchor rod (14) is as follows: The working distance formula is: ; in, The distance from the measuring device to the top plate; The horizontal angle between the line connecting the measuring device and the top plate; This refers to the distance from the measuring device to the top plate during operation. The horizontal angle between the line connecting the measuring device and the top plate during operation; The distance between the measuring device and the base plate; The horizontal angle between the line connecting the measuring device and the base plate; The distance between the measuring device and the base plate during operation; The horizontal angle between the line connecting the measuring device and the base plate during operation; The distance from the measuring device to the top of the positioning anchor rod (14); The minimum vertical angle between the measuring device and the top of the positioning anchor rod (14); The distance from the measuring device to the top of the positioning anchor rod (14) during operation; The minimum vertical angle between the measuring device and the top of the positioning anchor rod (14) during operation; The distance from the measuring device on the left side to the right side; The minimum horizontal angle between the measuring device on the left side and the line connecting the right side; The distance from the measuring device on the left side to the right side during operation; This is the minimum horizontal angle between the measuring device on the left side and the line connecting the right side during operation. The distance from the measuring device on the right side to the top of the positioning anchor rod (14) on the left side; The minimum horizontal angle between the line connecting the right side measuring device and the top of the left side positioning anchor rod (14); The distance from the measuring device on the right side to the top of the long anchor rod (14) on the left side during operation; The minimum horizontal angle between the line connecting the right side measuring device and the top of the left side positioning anchor rod (14) during operation.

4. The method for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway according to claim 3, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the vertical correction value in step D is: The formula for calculating the horizontal correction value is: The formula for calculating the correction value is as follows: , and .

5. The method for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping and fixing mechanism (1) includes a clamping member (10) sleeved and clamped on the transverse anchor rod (9), and a fixing rod (11) disposed on the clamping member (10) and passed through the mounting plate (4) for fixing thereto.

6. The method for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mounting plate (4) has a mounting hole through which the fixing rod (11) can pass. A bearing (5) is provided between the mounting hole and the fixing rod (11). The fixing rod (11) is also provided with a limiting member (2) for limiting it on the mounting plate (4).

7. The method for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway according to claim 5, characterized in that: The clamping member (10) is provided with a locking part (12) for locking and releasing the clamping and fixing mechanism (1), so that the clamping and fixing mechanism (1) can slide left and right along the transverse anchor rod (9).

8. The method for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway according to claim 5, characterized in that: The automatic angle measuring instrument (7) and the laser rangefinder (8) are fixedly mounted on the lower side of the fixed rod (11) via a rotating shaft (6).

9. The method for measuring the displacement of the roof, floor, and sidewalls of a roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring device also includes a data processing module (13) for collecting and processing angle and distance measurement data from the automatic goniometer (7) and the laser rangefinder (8).

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