A soil phosphorus active conditioner and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention provides a soil phosphorus active conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of fertilizer technology. The soil phosphorus active conditioner provided by the present invention includes the following preparation raw materials by weight: 16 to 38 parts of mushroom residue, 20 to 32 parts of dolomite, 20 to 32 parts of serpentine, 15 to 20 parts of magnesite, 6 to 8 parts of composite emulsifier, and 15 to 25 parts of water. The soil phosphorus active conditioner provided by the present invention has a high phosphorus adsorption capacity and can reduce phosphorus loss caused by irrigation or precipitation; and the soil phosphorus active conditioner has a weaker adsorption capacity for soil phosphorus than the crop root system, and does not affect the soil's phosphorus supply to crops; at the same time, the soil phosphorus active conditioner will not cause secondary pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to a soil phosphorus active conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As we all know, phosphate resources are non-renewable resources. In recent years, the price of phosphate fertilizer in my country has continued to rise. In view of this, reducing the loss of phosphorus in facility soil and improving the reuse of soil accumulated phosphorus are important for achieving sustainable production of facility agriculture and protecting phosphate resources. In order to solve the problem of phosphorus loss in facility soil, in actual production, physical, chemical or biological methods can be used to reduce phosphorus movement. Chinese invention patent CN200510055890 discloses a method for remediating phosphorus-contaminated soil, which uses red mud, a tailing generated in the process of smelting alumina powder from bauxite, and passes it through a 100-mesh sieve. After roasting at 500°C in a muffle furnace for 2 hours, it is fully mixed with phosphorus-contaminated soil. The amount used is 5-15 mmol of red mud containing aluminum per kilogram of soil. After more than three months, a repair is completed, and more than 42% of the effective phosphorus in the soil can be fixed; however, it does not take into account the effective phosphorus intensity required by crops, and may cause insufficient crop phosphorus supply after application, resulting in crop yield reduction. Chinese invention patent CN202111639490.6 discloses a method for passivating phosphorus in soil, specifically, spraying carbonate mineralizing bacteria liquid into the soil to be repaired for plowing, converting part of the soil into calcite to absorb phosphorus, which can reduce the content of available phosphorus in the soil, but converting soil into rock will inevitably reduce soil fertility. Chinese invention patent CN201710673343.8 discloses a soil phosphorus passivator with root-promoting effect, whose main components are aluminum hydroxide, iron hydroxide and anti-nematode agent; the passivator can reduce soil available phosphorus and reduce the risk of phosphorus leaching, and at the same time, it can promote plant root growth through the biological stimulation of active substances, and reduce the need for crops to the critical supply concentration of available phosphorus in the root zone soil, but the passivator contains aluminum, which may cause secondary soil pollution. Chinese invention patent CN201010208543.4 discloses a soil remediation agent for farmland phosphorus non-point source pollution and its use method, specifically adding fly ash and limestone to the soil; although this method can reduce the effective phosphorus in the soil, the phosphorus adsorption of the remediation agent is irreversible, affecting the absorption of subsequent crops. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a soil phosphorus active conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof. The soil phosphorus active conditioner provided by the present invention has a high phosphorus adsorption capacity and can reduce phosphorus loss caused by irrigation; and the soil phosphorus active conditioner has a weaker adsorption capacity for soil phosphorus than the crop root system, and does not affect the soil's phosphorus supply to crops; at the same time, the soil phosphorus active conditioner will not cause secondary pollution.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The invention provides a soil phosphorus active conditioner, which comprises the following preparation raw materials, measured by weight: 16 to 38 parts of mushroom residues, 20 to 32 parts of dolomite, 20 to 32 parts of serpentine, 15 to 20 parts of magnesite, 6 to 8 parts of composite emulsifier and 15 to 25 parts of water.

[0006] Preferably, the mushroom residue includes one or more of shiitake mushroom residue, oyster mushroom residue, king oyster mushroom residue and white button mushroom residue.

[0007] Preferably, the particle size of the mushroom residue is 0.5-2 mm.

[0008] Preferably, the particle size of the dolomite, serpentine and magnesite is 1-2 mm.

[0009] Preferably, the composite emulsifier includes two or more of a dispersant, a defoaming agent and an anti-crystallization agent.

[0010] Preferably, the dispersant comprises one or more of WLNO UK, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, Morwet D-500, Agrilan 752, Ethylan NS-5001q, YUS-EP60P and YUS-FS7PG;

[0011] The defoaming agent includes one or more of an organosilicon defoaming agent, octanol, Tween80 and tributyl phosphate;

[0012] The anti-crystallization agent is an alcohol anti-crystallization agent.

[0013] The present invention provides a method for preparing the soil phosphorus active conditioner described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0014] The mushroom residue, dolomite, serpentine, magnesite, composite emulsifier and water are mixed and then burned to obtain a soil phosphorus active conditioner.

[0015] Preferably, the burning temperature is 300-450° C. and the burning time is 2-5 hours.

[0016] The present invention provides the use of the soil phosphorus active conditioner described in the above technical scheme or the soil phosphorus active conditioner prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical scheme in repairing high-phosphorus soil in facilities, wherein the effective phosphorus content in the high-phosphorus soil in the facilities is 80-500 mg / kg.

[0017] Preferably, the application amount of the soil phosphorus activity conditioner is 500-1000 kg / mu.

[0018] The present invention provides a soil phosphorus active conditioner, which includes the following raw materials by weight: 16-38 parts of mushroom residue, 20-32 parts of dolomite, 20-32 parts of serpentine, 15-20 parts of magnesite, 6-8 parts of composite emulsifier, and 15-25 parts of water. The soil phosphorus active conditioner provided by the present invention has a strong phosphorus adsorption capacity and can reduce the phosphorus loss caused by irrigation; and the soil phosphorus active conditioner has a weaker adsorption capacity for soil phosphorus than the crop root system, and does not affect the soil phosphorus supply to crops; at the same time, the soil phosphorus active conditioner will not cause secondary pollution. Specifically, the present invention utilizes the characteristics of dolomite, serpentine and magnesite containing calcium and magnesium elements, and uses the three together as a calcium-magnesium complex, which can effectively adsorb phosphorus in the soil and reduce the loss of soil phosphorus, while not affecting the crop's absorption of soil phosphorus, and does not introduce pollutants, and will not cause secondary pollution to the soil. The present invention utilizes the characteristics of mushroom residues with relatively low pH value and rich functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups to activate metastable phosphorus and stable phosphorus in the soil; and mushroom residues contain rich lignin, crude protein, crude fat and other substances, and are a natural carrier for loading calcium-magnesium complexes. Therefore, the present invention compounds calcium-magnesium complexes with mushroom residues, and the resulting soil phosphorus active conditioner can effectively improve the residual phosphorus slow-release capacity of facility soil and reduce the risk of soil phosphorus leaching.

[0019] In addition, the soil phosphorus active conditioner provided by the present invention can also solve the problem of calcium and magnesium absorption obstruction caused by potassium antagonism in greenhouse vegetables; and the higher carbon content in mushroom residue can also increase the organic matter content of greenhouse soil, thereby improving soil fertility. In short, the soil phosphorus active conditioner provided by the present invention has multiple effects and is easy to apply. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention provides a soil phosphorus active conditioner, which comprises the following preparation raw materials by weight:

[0021] The raw materials for preparing the soil phosphorus active conditioner of the present invention include 16 to 38 parts of mushroom residues, preferably 20 to 33 parts, and more preferably 25 to 30 parts by weight. In the present invention, the mushroom residues preferably include one or more of shiitake mushroom residues, oyster mushroom residues, king oyster mushroom residues, and white mushroom residues; the particle size of the mushroom residues is preferably 0.5 to 2 mm.

[0022] Based on the mass fraction of the mushroom residue, the raw material for preparing the soil phosphorus active conditioner of the present invention includes 20 to 32 parts of dolomite, preferably 20 parts. In the present invention, the particle size of the dolomite is preferably 1 to 2 mm.

[0023] Based on the mass fraction of the mushroom residue, the raw material for preparing the soil phosphorus active conditioner of the present invention includes 20 to 32 parts of serpentine, preferably 20 parts. In the present invention, the particle size of the serpentine is preferably 1 to 2 mm.

[0024] Based on the mass fraction of the mushroom residue, the raw material for preparing the soil phosphorus active conditioner of the present invention includes 15 to 20 parts of magnesite, preferably 18 to 20 parts. In the present invention, the particle size of the magnesite is preferably 1 to 2 mm.

[0025] Based on the mass fraction of the mushroom residue, the raw materials for preparing the soil phosphorus active conditioner of the present invention include 6 to 8 parts of a composite emulsifier, preferably 6 to 7 parts. In the present invention, the composite emulsifier preferably includes two or more of a dispersant, a defoamer and an anti-crystallization agent, and more preferably is a composite of a dispersant and an anti-crystallization agent; when the composite emulsifier is a composite of a dispersant and an anti-crystallization agent, the mass ratio of the dispersant to the anti-crystallization agent is preferably 1: (1 to 3), and more preferably 1: 2. In the present invention, the dispersant preferably includes one or more of WLNO UK, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, Morwet D-500, Agrilan752, Ethylan NS-500lq, YUS-EP60P and YUS-FS7PG; the defoamer preferably includes one or more of silicone defoamer, octanol, Tween80 and tributyl phosphate; the anti-crystallization agent is preferably an alcohol anti-crystallization agent, and the alcohol anti-crystallization agent preferably includes one or more of ethylene glycol, glycerol and polyethylene glycol.

[0026] Based on the mass fraction of the mushroom residue, the raw materials for preparing the soil phosphorus active conditioner of the present invention include 15 to 25 parts of water, preferably 20 parts.

[0027] The present invention provides a method for preparing the soil phosphorus active conditioner described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0028] The mushroom residue, dolomite, serpentine, magnesite, composite emulsifier and water are mixed and then burned to obtain a soil phosphorus active conditioner.

[0029] In the present invention, the mixing of mushroom residue, dolomite, serpentine, magnesite, composite emulsifier and water preferably includes: first mixing mushroom residue, dolomite, serpentine, magnesite and water, and second mixing the obtained mixture with composite emulsifier. In the present invention, if the particle size of the mushroom residue, dolomite, serpentine and magnesite does not meet the above requirements, it is preferred to granulate or crush them before use; in the embodiment of the present invention, specifically, dolomite, serpentine and magnesite are prepared into round particles meeting the above particle size requirements by a ball mill granulator to obtain dolomite powder, serpentine powder and magnesite powder; mushroom residue is crushed into powder meeting the above particle size requirements by a pulverizer to obtain mushroom residue powder. In the present invention, the temperature of the first mixing is preferably 50-80°C, more preferably 60°C; the time is preferably 20-40 min, more preferably 20-30 min; the first mixing is preferably carried out under stirring conditions, and the stirring rate is preferably 1000-2000 rpm, more preferably 1500 rpm. In the present invention, the temperature of the second mixing is preferably 40-70°C, more preferably 60°C; the time is preferably 0.5-17h, more preferably 0.5-2h; the second mixing is preferably carried out under stirring conditions, and the stirring rate is preferably 1500-6000 rpm, more preferably 3000-5000 rpm.

[0030] After mixing the mushroom residue, dolomite, serpentine, magnesite, composite emulsifier and water, the present invention burns the obtained mixed system to obtain a soil phosphorus active conditioner. In the present invention, the burning temperature is preferably 300°C to 450°C, more preferably 300°C; the time is preferably 2h to 5h, more preferably 4h; the burning is preferably carried out in an air atmosphere. In an embodiment of the present invention, the burning is specifically carried out in a muffle furnace. In the present invention, during the burning process, the cellulose in the mushroom residue is decomposed, and finally the entire mixed system forms a porous material, i.e., a soil phosphorus active conditioner.

[0031] The present invention provides the use of the soil phosphorus active conditioner described in the above technical solution or the soil phosphorus active conditioner prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution in the high-phosphorus soil of the repair facility, wherein the effective phosphorus content in the high-phosphorus soil of the facility is 80~500mg / kg. In the present invention, the application amount of the soil phosphorus active conditioner is preferably 500~1000 kg / mu. In the present invention, the use method of the soil phosphorus active conditioner preferably includes the following steps: 3~5 days before vegetable transplanting or sowing each year, 500~1000 kg of phosphorus active conditioner is spread per mu of land, and the conditioner is plowed at 0~20cm of the soil using a rotary tiller.

[0032] The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0033] The raw materials for preparing the soil phosphorus active conditioner in this embodiment are as follows by weight: 20 parts of water, 20 parts of dolomite, 20 parts of serpentine, 20 parts of magnesite, 30 parts of mushroom residue, 2 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, and 4 parts of glycerol;

[0034] The preparation method of the soil phosphorus active conditioner is as follows:

[0035] The dolomite, serpentine and magnesite are respectively prepared into round particles with a particle size of 1-2 mm by a ball mill granulator to obtain dolomite powder, serpentine powder and magnesite powder; the mushroom residue is crushed into a powder with a particle size of 0.5-2 mm by a pulverizer to obtain mushroom residue powder;

[0036] At a speed of 1500 rpm and a temperature of 60° C., water, dolomite powder, serpentine powder, magnesite powder and mushroom residue powder were added to the reactor and stirred for 20 minutes to obtain a first mixture; then sodium hexametaphosphate and glycerol were added to the reactor and stirred for 30 minutes at a speed of 3000 rpm and a temperature of 60° C. to obtain a second mixture;

[0037] The second mixture was burned in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 300° C. for 4 hours to obtain a soil phosphorus active conditioner.

[0038] Comparative Example 1

[0039] The soil phosphorus active conditioner was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that dolomite was omitted. Specifically, the raw materials for preparing the soil phosphorus active conditioner in this comparative example were as follows, calculated by weight: 20 parts of water, 20 parts of serpentine, 20 parts of magnesite, 30 parts of mushroom residue, 2 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, and 4 parts of propylene glycol.

[0040] Comparative Example 2

[0041] The soil phosphorus active conditioner was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the mushroom residue was replaced with corn stalks. Specifically, the raw materials for preparing the soil phosphorus active conditioner in this comparative example were as follows, calculated by mass: 20 parts of water, 20 parts of dolomite, 20 parts of serpentine, 20 parts of magnesite, 30 parts of corn stalks, 2 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate, and 4 parts of propylene glycol.

[0042] Experimental Example 1

[0043] The soil samples were collected from vegetable fields in the suburbs of Beijing. The soil phosphorus was seriously accumulated. The soil of the cultivated layer was passed through a 2mm sieve and mixed for later use. After analysis, the soil pH value was 7.32, the soil organic matter content was 12.7g / kg, the available phosphorus content was 320.3mg / kg, and the available potassium content was 621.4mg / kg, which was loam.

[0044] Soil from the 0-20 cm soil layer of the vegetable field in Daxing, Beijing (water-extracted phosphorus content is 15 mg / kg, and effective phosphorus content is 320 mg / kg) was collected, mixed evenly, and passed through a 2 mm sieve. 300 g of air-dried soil was taken, and the soil phosphorus active conditioner prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 was added in an amount of 0.5% of the dry weight of the soil (equivalent to applying 900 kg of phosphorus active conditioner per mu), and after being fully mixed, it was put into a plastic bottle with a diameter of 8 cm and a height of 6 cm, and water was added to adjust the humidity to 70% of the field water holding capacity (the field water holding capacity is 26.2%), and then sealed with a plastic film with small holes and placed in a 25°C light-shielding incubator for cultivation. During the cultivation process, water was added once every 1-2 days to keep the soil moisture content at 70% of the field water holding capacity. After 90 days of cultivation, samples were collected, air-dried and passed through a 2 mm sieve, and the soil water extractable phosphorus content (H2O-P), 0.5 mol / L NaHCO3 extractable phosphorus content (Olsen-P), soil organic matter content, and the maximum adsorption and desorption of soil phosphorus were determined;

[0045] Among them, the phosphorus reduction rate is calculated using Formula I and Formula II:

[0046] H2O-P reduction rate % = (H2O-P reduction value / original soil H2O-P value) × 100 Formula I;

[0047] Olsen-P reduction rate % = (Olsen-P reduction value / original soil Olsen-P value) × 100 Formula II.

[0048] The method for determining the amount of soil phosphorus adsorption and desorption is as follows:

[0049] Weigh 2g of soil and place it in a 50mL centrifuge tube, add 30mL of phosphate solution of different concentrations, drop 2 drops of chloroform into each centrifuge tube to inhibit microbial activity, and set 2 replicates for each soil treatment; specifically, the phosphate solution concentrations selected in this experiment are 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50mg P L-1, a total of 8 concentrations, and the phosphate solutions of different concentrations are prepared by diluting 0.01MCaCl2 solution with a KH2PO4 solution of 500mg P L-1. The centrifuge tube containing soil, phosphate solution and chloroform was oscillated in a constant temperature oscillator (180rpm) for 24h, and then centrifuged through a 0.45μm filter membrane to obtain a balanced solution. The phosphate concentration in the balanced solution was determined by the molybdenum antimony anti-colorimetric method; the phosphate adsorption amount of the soil was calculated by the difference between the initial phosphate concentration and the phosphate concentration in the balanced solution. Then the Langmuir isotherm adsorption equation was used to fit the maximum adsorption amount of soil phosphorus. The Langmuir transformation linear equation is shown in Formula III:

[0050] C / S=1 / Smax×k+C / Smax Formula III;

[0051] In formula III, C (mg L-1) represents the phosphate concentration in the equilibrium solution, S (mg kg-1) represents the total phosphorus adsorption of the soil (the sum of the phosphorus adsorption measured in the adsorption experiment and the soil M3-P), Smax (mg kg-1) represents the maximum phosphorus adsorption of the soil, and k (L mg-1) represents the soil adsorption affinity.

[0052] After pouring out the phosphate solution in the adsorption test, add 30mL of 0.01M CaCl2 solution into the centrifuge tube, and continue to oscillate the centrifuge tube in a constant temperature oscillator (180rpm) for 24h; after the oscillation, centrifuge the supernatant (8 min, 4000rpm) and filter, and determine the phosphorus concentration in the filtrate by the molybdenum antimony colorimetric method. The desorption amount of phosphorus is obtained by calculating the difference between the phosphorus content of the desorption test and the phosphorus content remaining in the centrifuge tube after the adsorption test.

[0053] The specific data are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0054] Table 1 Effects of various soil phosphorus active conditioners on reducing soil H2O-P and Olsen-P

[0055]

[0056] Table 2 Effects of various soil phosphorus active conditioners on the maximum adsorption and desorption of soil phosphorus

[0057]

[0058] In the experimental data shown in Table 1 and Table 2, soil H2O-P and Olsen-P can respectively reflect the mobility of soil phosphorus with irrigation water or precipitation and the effectiveness of its supply to plants. It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2 that compared with Comparative Example 1, Example 1 has the same other experimental conditions, except that Example 1 adds more dolomite. The soil H2O-P of Example 1 decreases by 66.7%, but the soil Olsen-P increases by 12.5%. The calcium-magnesium ratio in dolomite is 1:1, and serpentine and magnesite are magnesium-containing minerals, indicating that only a suitable calcium-magnesium ratio can achieve the effect of reducing soil H2O-P and increasing soil Olsen-P. Moreover, the maximum adsorption and desorption of phosphorus in Example 1 are 516 mg / kg and 473 mg / kg higher than those in Comparative Example 1, respectively, indicating that the soil phosphorus active conditioner prepared in Example 1 can increase the soil phosphorus adsorption capacity and can be released again after adsorption. This means that the residual phosphorus in the soil or the phosphorus fertilizer applied to the soil can be first stored by the soil phosphorus active conditioner prepared in Example 1 and then slowly released.

[0059] By comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that Example 1 uses mushroom residue and Comparative Example 2 uses corn stalks, but the phosphorus adsorption and desorption of the soil phosphorus active conditioner in Example 1 are significantly increased by 331 mg / kg and 402 mg / kg, indicating that the mushroom residue may have more porous structures and thus have more phosphorus adsorption sites. Moreover, compared with Example 1, the soil Olsen-P of the soil phosphorus active conditioner prepared in Comparative Example 2 is reduced by 8.6%, indicating that corn stalks do not have the ability to stimulate residual phosphorus in the soil.

[0060] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil phosphorus active conditioner, prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 16-38 parts of mushroom residue, 20-32 parts of dolomite, 20-32 parts of serpentine, 15-20 parts of magnesite, 6-8 parts of composite emulsifier, and 15-25 parts of water; the mushroom residue is shiitake mushroom residue; The preparation method of the soil phosphorus active conditioner comprises the following steps: The mushroom residue, dolomite, serpentine, magnesite, composite emulsifier and water are mixed and then burned to obtain a soil phosphorus active conditioner; the burning temperature is 300-450° C. and the time is 2-5 hours.

2. The soil phosphorus active conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the mushroom residue is 0.5-2 mm.

3. The soil phosphorus active conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the dolomite, serpentine and magnesite is 1-2 mm.

4. The soil phosphorus active conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite emulsifier includes two or more of a dispersant, a defoaming agent and an anti-crystallization agent.

5. The soil phosphorus active conditioner according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dispersant includes one or more of WLNO UK, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, Morwet D-500, Agrilan 752, Ethylan NS-5001q, YUS-EP60P and YUS-FS7PG; The defoaming agent includes one or more of an organosilicon defoaming agent, octanol, Tween80 and tributyl phosphate; The anti-crystallization agent is an alcohol anti-crystallization agent.

6. The method for preparing the soil phosphorus active conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps: The mushroom residue, dolomite, serpentine, magnesite, composite emulsifier and water are mixed and then burned to obtain a soil phosphorus active conditioner; the burning temperature is 300-450° C. and the time is 2-5 hours.

7. Use of the soil phosphorus active conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the soil phosphorus active conditioner prepared by the preparation method according to claim 6 in repairing high-phosphorus soil in facilities, wherein the effective phosphorus content in the high-phosphorus soil in the facilities is 80 to 500 mg / kg.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The application amount of the soil phosphorus activity conditioner is 500-1000 kg / mu.

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