A pepper seedling cultivation method that effectively copes with high temperature and drought environment

Abstract

The invention discloses a pepper seedling cultivation method that effectively copes with a high temperature and drought environment, and belongs to the technical field of pepper seedling cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: 1) floating seedling cultivation; 2) topping at the seedling stage: when the pepper seedlings cannot be transplanted in time due to high temperature and drought, when the pepper plant height exceeds 20 cm and the physiological seedling age is more than 8 true leaves, the older tall seedlings are toppled with a sterilized blade to shorten and dwarf them; 3) field planting and transplanting: including a land preparation step and a transplanting step after land preparation. The present invention can effectively inhibit the apical dominance of peppers, avoid excessive growth, allow more nutrients to be supplied to the roots, and develop the root system of pepper seedlings by topping the pepper seedlings at appropriate positions to remove the growth points and then transplanting them. It can also use the reserved leaf axils to send out new growth points to increase the available fruiting branches, and can solve the problem that the pepper seedlings are too old and cannot be transplanted on time due to long-term drought.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a pepper seedling cultivation method which can effectively cope with a high-temperature drought environment, and belongs to the technical field of pepper seedling cultivation. Background Art

[0002] Guizhou is an important pepper production area in China. It is located in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Due to the many steep slopes, thin soil layer, poor water retention capacity, small proportion of effective irrigation area, complex terrain and uneven rainfall, drought is very easy to occur. The most harmful drought types in the province are spring drought (April-May) and summer drought (July-August), accounting for more than 90% of the total frequency of various droughts. This is the critical period for transplanting pepper seedlings in summer and autumn and late autumn pepper seedlings. Continuous high temperature and drought will lead to the pepper seedlings raised by floating seedlings being unable to be transplanted in time, often with problems of leggy growth and excessive seedling age, forming thin and tall seedlings. Such pepper seedlings have thin roots, few fibrous roots, tender tissues, poor stress resistance, and low physiological activity. After transplanting, the cell regeneration ability of the older seedlings is weak, the root system recovers slowly, the growth is slow, and it is not easy to sprout. The plants are prone to premature aging, and eventually delayed fertility and low fruit setting rate will occur, which seriously affects the early yield of peppers and the yield of the entire physiological cycle.

[0003] A Chinese patent application (application number 202010122773.2) discloses a high-yield passion fruit cultivation method, in which the main vine is toppled after the length exceeds 350 cm. However, there is no literature on topping in the prior art of pepper cultivation. The purpose of the topping operation is to increase the yield. Since peppers belong to a completely different subject, it has no reference value for peppers. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pepper seedling cultivation method that effectively copes with a high temperature and drought environment, so as to solve the defect that when pepper seedlings are transplanted using the existing method, the high temperature and drought make it impossible to transplant them in time, resulting in tall seedlings, which leads to slow growth of pepper plants after transplanting, late flowering and fruiting, and reduced yield.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a pepper seedling cultivation method that effectively copes with a high temperature and drought environment, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] 1) Floating seedling cultivation;

[0007] 2) Topping at the seedling stage: When high temperature and drought make it impossible to transplant pepper seedlings in time, when the pepper plant height exceeds 20cm and the physiological seedling age has more than 8 true leaves, use a sterilized blade to top the older tall seedlings to shorten them;

[0008] 3) Planting and transplanting: includes land preparation steps and transplanting steps after land preparation.

[0009] In step 1), the pepper seedlings are cultivated using floating seedling technology.

[0010] Step 2) After stunting, retain 4-8 true leaves.

[0011] After pruning and topping, spray fungicide, apply sufficient fertilizer and water, and add rooting powder at a concentration of 0.1-0.5 mg / L in the seedling nutrient pool.

[0012] The land preparation method in step 3) is: deep plowing the soil to 30 cm, applying calcium fertilizer, organic fertilizer or farmyard manure before plowing, and then making beds after fine plowing and harrowing. The bed width is 65-70 cm and the furrow width is 40-45 cm. After the bed surface is soaked by rain or water, the bed surface is immediately covered with ground film. The covering film is required to be flat, symmetrical, tightly fitted, and without damage.

[0013] The transplanting method in step 3) is as follows: after covering with film for one week, after the pepper seedlings send out new growth points in the reserved leaf axils and before the fourth true leaf of the side branch unfolds, they are transplanted with soil, and before the transplanting, planting holes are made on the carriage surface, the planting hole depth is 15-20 cm, the upper diameter is 12-13 cm, and the lower diameter is 7-8 cm, and the pepper seedlings cultivated by floating seedling cultivation are planted in the center of the hole, and the soil in the middle of the planting hole is gently stirred with a small pointed shovel to make it fall, and the soil in the planting hole is used to perform the first soiling and fixing of the roots of the pepper seedlings transplanted into the soil, so that the soil covering depth covers the cotyledons and is lower than the first true leaf.

[0014] It also includes post-planting management steps: when the first flower of the pepper seedling enters the fruiting period, fill the planting hole with soil so that the soil in the planting hole covers the first pair of true leaves of the pepper, and perform a second soiling to fix the root system of the pepper plant.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention: Compared with the prior art, the effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] The present invention aims at the problem that transplanting cannot be done in time due to adverse weather such as high temperature and drought. By topping the pepper seedlings at appropriate positions to remove the growth points and then transplanting them, the apical dominance of the pepper can be effectively suppressed to avoid excessive growth, so that more nutrients can be supplied to the roots, and the root system of the pepper seedlings can be developed. New growth points can be generated by utilizing the reserved leaf axils to increase the available fruiting branches, and the problem that the pepper seedlings cannot be transplanted on time due to the excessive age of the pepper seedlings and long-term drought can be solved. Further, the phenomenon of early flowering can be prevented, a good foundation can be laid for subsequent flowering and fruiting, and a reduction in the economic income of pepper farmers can be avoided to a certain extent.

[0017] At the same time, the transplanting depth of pepper seedlings is an important factor in whether the root system grows well after transplanting, especially in the case of continuous high temperature and drought. If the transplanting depth is too shallow, the soil volume owned by the root system will be reduced, which will affect the absorption of deep water and nutrients by the root system, and will be unfavorable for slowing down the seedlings. If the transplanting depth is too deep, the respiratory capacity of the root system will be weakened, resulting in the inability of the root system to grow normally. The temperature of the soil is high after irradiation, which can easily burn the base of the stem, causing stem base rot. The present invention adopts two soiling fixation, and different soiling depths are given at different times to provide a good ecological environment for the growth of pepper seedlings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0019] Example 1: A pepper seedling cultivation method that effectively copes with a high temperature and drought environment, the method comprising the following steps:

[0020] 1) Floating seedling cultivation: According to existing technical regulations, pepper seedlings are cultivated using floating seedling cultivation technology;

[0021] 2) Topping at the seedling stage: When high temperature and drought make it impossible to transplant pepper seedlings in time, tall seedlings cannot be avoided. When the pepper plant height exceeds 20cm and the physiological seedling age is more than 8 true leaves, use a sterilized blade to top the older tall seedlings to shorten them (retain 4-8 true leaves). After topping, spray fungicides, apply sufficient fertilizers and water, and add rooting powder at a concentration of 0.1-0.5mg / L in the seedling nutrient pool to promote rooting and promote the sprouting of strong side branches.

[0022] 3) Planting and transplanting:

[0023] 3.1) Land preparation: 30cm deep plowing, apply calcium fertilizer, organic fertilizer or farmyard manure before plowing, and then start to build the bed after the soil is ploughed and leveled. The bed width is 65-70cm and the furrow width is 40-45cm. After the bed surface is soaked by rain or water, the bed surface is immediately covered with ground film. The film should be flat, symmetrical, tightly sealed and without damage;

[0024] 3.2) Transplantation: One week after covering with film, the pepper seedlings are transplanted with soil after new growth points are generated in the reserved leaf axils and before the fourth true leaf of the side branches unfolds. Before transplanting, a planting hole is made on the floor, with a depth of 15-20 cm, an upper diameter of 12-13 cm, and a lower diameter of 7-8 cm. The pepper seedlings cultivated by floating seedling cultivation are planted in the center of the hole. The soil in the middle of the planting hole is gently stirred with a small pointed shovel to make it fall. The soil in the planting hole is used to fix the roots of the pepper seedlings transplanted into the soil for the first time, so that the depth of the soil covers the cotyledons and is lower than the first true leaf.

[0025] 3.3) Management after transplanting: When the first flower of the pepper seedling enters the fruiting period, fill the planting hole with soil so that the soil in the planting hole covers the first pair of true leaves of the pepper, and perform a second soiling to fix the root system of the pepper plant.

[0026] In order to verify the effect of the present invention, the following experiment was carried out:

[0027] (1) Effects of different topping treatments on pepper growth and development

[0028] 1.1 Purpose

[0029] In order to optimize the seedling raising and transplanting method of late autumn pepper, inhibit the excessive growth of pepper in the seedling stage, and improve the planting yield and benefit, the seedlings were toppled at different nodes in the seedling stage to explore the effects of different treatments on plant growth and development.

[0030] 1.2 Test materials

[0031] The test variety is Qianjiao No. 8, a three-line hybrid bred by the Guizhou Pepper Research Institute. This variety is a dry and fresh dual-purpose pepper.

[0032] 1.3 Test location

[0033] The experiment was conducted from June to July 2022 at the pepper base in Xinjie Village, Bianyang Town, Luodian County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province (670 meters above sea level). The soil type at the test site was loam, which was previously used for rice. The terrain was flat, with sufficient sunlight and convenient drainage and irrigation. The mulch was silver-gray mulch.

[0034] 1.4 Experimental design

[0035] Seedlings were raised in 106-cell trays in a plastic greenhouse. They were sown from June 16 to 20, and were subjected to high temperature and drought from July 10 to July 27. The seedlings were toppled from July 23 to 25, and toppled at the 4th and 6th nodes (treatment numbers were D4 and D6, respectively). The non-topping treatment (CK) was used as a control. Each treatment had 30 plants, and they were transplanted and planted from July 27 to 29 (no rain). Each treatment had 30 plants, and was repeated 3 times. The plots were randomly arranged.

[0036] 1.5 Project measurement method

[0037] Root system development: root volume, growth status, and dry and fresh weight.

[0038] Biological traits: Investigate plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root system and plant fresh and dry weight of each treatment at the seedling stage; adopt the hanging plant determination method at the mature plant stage, select 4 pepper plants from each plot of each treatment for determination, take the average value, and measure plant height, stem diameter, plant width, number of branches, plant fresh and dry weight (fresh and dry weight of leaves, fresh and dry weight of stems).

[0039] Economic benefit indicators: yield per plant (dry and fresh weight), number of fruits, and weight of single fruit (dry and fresh weight).

[0040] 1.6 Measurement results

[0041] Field data on August 25

[0042] deal with Survival rate Plant height (cm) Plant width(cm) Number of branches Number of results D6 78.9 25.50 48.67 3.67 2.40 ck 67.8 25.17 35.67 2.00 0 D4 81.5 22.83 48.00 3.33 0.33

[0043] Field data on October 12

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] Field data on October 12

[0047]

[0048] (2) Effects of different transplanting depths on pepper production

[0049] 2.1 Purpose

[0050] Transplanting depth is an important factor in determining whether the root system grows well, especially when the weather is hot and dry. If the transplanting depth is too shallow, the soil volume of the root system will be reduced, which will affect the root system's absorption of deep water and nutrients, and will not be conducive to seedling growth. If the transplanting depth is too deep, the root system's respiratory capacity will be weakened, resulting in the root system being unable to grow normally. The high temperature of the soil after irradiation can easily burn the base of the stem, leading to stem base rot. This experiment compared the effects of different transplanting and soil-raising depths on pepper growth during the high temperature and drought period, thereby providing certain experimental and theoretical basis for selecting appropriate and effective transplanting and soil-raising depths for pepper production in Guizhou Province.

[0051] 2.2 Test materials

[0052] Pepper variety: Qianjiao No. 8

[0053] 2.3 Test location

[0054] The location is arranged at the Maopotang Base of Guizhou Pepper Research Institute in Guiyang Huaxi. The soil type is yellow soil, pH value is 6.5-7.0, the soil is loam, and radish was grown before. The terrain is flat, the sunlight is sufficient, and the drainage and irrigation are convenient. The mulch is black mulch.

[0055] 2.4 Experimental design

[0056] In the plastic greenhouse, 160-hole floating trays were used for seedling cultivation. The seeds were sown on March 22 and 29. During the seedling cultivation period, routine management was performed. Transplantation was carried out on May 19-21 (a period of continuous high temperature and drought). The transplanting method is shown in the table below:

[0057]

[0058] There were 8 treatments and 3 replications, with a total of 24 plots arranged in random blocks. 40 pepper plants were planted in each plot, with a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 40 cm.

[0059] 2.5 Project measurement method

[0060] The method of hanging and fixing plants was adopted for determination. Six pepper plants were selected from each plot of each treatment for determination and the average value was taken. The plant height, stem diameter, plant width, fork height, number of leaves, and plant fresh and dry weight (fresh and dry weight of leaves and fresh and dry weight of stems) were measured.

[0061] 2.6 Measurement data

[0062] June 7

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] July 28

[0066]

[0067] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A pepper seedling cultivation method that effectively copes with a high temperature and drought environment, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: 1) Floating seedling cultivation; 2) Topping at the seedling stage: When high temperature and drought make it impossible to transplant pepper seedlings in time, when the height of pepper plants exceeds 20cm and When the physiological seedling age is more than 8 true leaves, use a sterilized blade to top the older tall seedlings to shorten them; the topping treatment is performed at the 6th node of the seedlings; after topping, spray fungicides, apply sufficient fertilizers and water, and add rooting powder in the seedling nutrient pool at a concentration of 0.1-0.5 mg / L; 3) Planting and transplanting: This includes land preparation and transplanting. The depth of soil cultivation for transplanting should be such that the cotyledon node is parallel to the ground, that is, the soil just covers the cotyledon. The depth should be controlled at 8 cm, so that the cotyledon can be seen. The land preparation method in step 3) is: 30cm deep tillage, apply calcium fertilizer, organic fertilizer or farmyard manure before tillage, till fine and harrow before starting the bed, the bed width is 65-70cm, the furrow width is 40-45cm; after the bed surface is soaked by rain or water, immediately cover the bed surface with film, the film must be flat and symmetrical, with tight seams and no damage; the transplanting method in step 3) is: after covering the film for one week, wait for the pepper seedlings to send out new growth points in the reserved leaf axils and the side Transplant with soil before the 4th true leaf of the branch unfolds, dig planting holes on the surface before transplanting, with a depth of 15-20cm, an upper diameter of 12-13cm, and a lower diameter of 7-8cm. Plant the strong pepper seedlings cultivated in floating seedling culture in the center of the hole, use a small pointed shovel to gently stir the soil in the middle of the planting hole to make it fall, and use the soil in the planting hole to carry out the first soiling and fix the roots of the pepper seedlings transplanted into the soil, so that the depth of the soil covers the cotyledons and is lower than the first true leaf.

2. A pepper seedling cultivation method that effectively copes with a high temperature and drought environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), floating seedling technology is used to cultivate pepper seedlings.

3. The pepper seedling cultivation method according to claim 1 that effectively copes with high temperature and drought environment, characterized in that: It also includes post-planting management steps: when the first flower of the pepper seedling enters the fruiting period, fill the planting hole with soil so that the soil in the planting hole covers the first pair of true leaves of the pepper, and perform a second soiling to fix the root system of the pepper plant.

Images