Aircraft cargo hold hidden area fire test system and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of aviation fire test technology, and discloses a fire test system for a hidden area of ​​an aircraft cargo hold, characterized in that it includes a simulation device for simulating the actual state of an aircraft cargo hold, a fire source system for igniting at multiple positions of the simulation device, and a test system for measuring and recording the combustion conditions of the simulation device in the fire source system; the simulation device includes a top plate, a cabin body and a bottom plate arranged up and down, and the cabin body has a front side wall, a rear side wall, a left side wall and a right side wall; the right side wall of the cabin body is an arc structure, which is used to simulate the outer surface of the aircraft cargo hold, and the right side wall of the cabin body is a vertical plane structure, which is used to simulate the inner surface of the aircraft cargo hold; the cabin body is connected to the lower right side of the top plate; a top channel for simulating the hidden area of ​​the aircraft cargo hold ceiling is provided on the top plate; a middle channel for simulating the hidden area of ​​the aircraft cargo hold side wall is provided on the cabin body; the direction of the top channel and the middle channel is the length direction of the simulation device. This scheme can more realistically and accurately test the combustion conditions of the hidden area of ​​the aircraft cargo hold.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aviation fire protection testing, and in particular to a fire protection testing system for a hidden area of ​​an aircraft cargo hold. Background Art

[0002] The cargo hold of an aircraft is the area with the most and densest accumulation of items. If a fire occurs, it will have very serious consequences. However, there is no fire prevention test specifically for aircraft cargo holds. It is more based on the overall fire prevention considerations of the aircraft, and the cargo hold and the passenger cabin are not tested separately. Although foreign countries have proposed a research plan for testing in cargo holds for new fire extinguishing agents, its starting point is only to meet the application scenarios of fire extinguishing agents, and it has not made any contribution to the actual fire simulation of the cargo hold.

[0003] At present, the fire prevention test of the whole aircraft is only to ignite from the outside of the simulation device, and detect the flame burning condition of the outer surface of the aircraft simulated by the simulation device. In the actual cargo hold section of the aircraft, in addition to the exposed inner and outer walls of the cargo hold that can be directly observed by the naked eye, there are generally installation areas between the inner and outer walls of the cargo hold for various electrical equipment and cable pipelines to pass through. These installation areas are blocked inside the inner wall of the cargo hold and are hidden areas that are not easy to be observed. They are often the main channels for the actual flame to spread. However, the current fire prevention test of the cargo hold section does not target the fire prevention test of the hidden areas. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention is intended to provide a fire protection test system for a hidden area in an aircraft cargo hold, so as to solve the problem of fire protection test operation in a hidden area in an aircraft cargo hold.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] An aircraft cargo hold hidden area fire protection test system, comprising a simulation device for simulating the actual state of an aircraft cargo hold, a fire source system for igniting at multiple positions of the simulation device, and a test system for measuring and recording the combustion conditions of the simulation device in the fire source system;

[0007] The simulation device comprises a top plate, a cabin body and a bottom plate which are arranged in an upper and lower manner; the cabin body has a front side wall, a rear side wall, a left side wall and a right side wall; the right side wall of the cabin body is an arc-shaped structure for simulating the outer surface of an aircraft cargo hold, and the right side wall of the cabin body is a vertical plane structure for simulating the inner surface of an aircraft cargo hold; the cabin body is connected to the lower right side of the top plate; a top channel for simulating a hidden area of ​​a ceiling of an aircraft cargo hold is provided on the top plate; a middle channel for simulating a hidden area of ​​a side wall of an aircraft cargo hold is provided on the cabin body; the directions of the top channel and the middle channel are the length direction of the simulation device.

[0008] Furthermore, the top channel includes elliptical channels arranged in a single row, or circular channels and elliptical channels arranged in a single row, and the number of the circular channels is two and they are respectively arranged on both sides of all the elliptical channels.

[0009] The top channel is used to simulate the hidden area in the aircraft partition. The top channel includes an elliptical channel arranged in a single row, or the top channel includes an elliptical channel arranged in a single row and a circular channel, wherein the circular channel is located on both sides of the elliptical channel for easy processing.

[0010] Furthermore, in the top channel where the top plate is connected to the cabin body, corresponding positions of the elliptical channel and / or circular channel are all closed.

[0011] At the location where the top plate is connected to the cabin body, if the corresponding top channel is an elliptical channel, then these elliptical channels are closed; if the corresponding top channel is an elliptical channel and a circular channel, then both the elliptical channel and the circular channel are closed.

[0012] Furthermore, the front side wall and the rear side wall of the compartment body are respectively provided with a first side door for opening or closing the middle passage from the front and rear directions, and the left side wall of the compartment body is provided with a plurality of second side doors for laterally opening the middle passage.

[0013] Furthermore, the ratio of the longitudinal cross-sectional area of ​​the middle channel to the longitudinal cross-sectional area of ​​the top channel is greater than or equal to 2:1.

[0014] Furthermore, the cabin body is a cabin section whose cut length is less than 1 / 5 of the actual cabin section length to be measured and whose longitudinal cross-sectional area is less than 1 / 2 of the actual cabin section to be measured under proportional conditions such as an aircraft cargo cabin section.

[0015] Furthermore, the top channel and the middle channel are both equipped with rectangular blocks, cylinders and other special-shaped bodies for simulating the actual installation of equipment, pipelines and cables in an aircraft.

[0016] Among them, the actual installation equipment, pipelines, and cables are replaced by regular shapes such as rectangles and cylinders according to their contours, and the irregular shapes are 3D printed according to the outer contours of the corresponding equipment, so that the geometric bodies placed in the top channel and the middle channel can simulate the installation conditions of the actual equipment, pipelines, and cables installed on the aircraft.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for fire prevention test of a hidden area in a cargo hold of an aircraft, using the aforementioned fire prevention test system for a hidden area in a cargo hold of an aircraft, and comprising the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: fix the positions of the cuboid, cylinder and special-shaped body in the middle channel and the top channel respectively to simulate the installation positions of cables and equipment in the corresponding sections of the aircraft cargo hold;

[0019] Step 2: Place the ignition burners in the fire source system at various positions on the bottom plate and ignite them to simulate combustion conditions;

[0020] Step three, the temperature and heat flow at the corresponding positions are detected by installing temperature sensors and heat flow meters at various positions of the cabin body, and the flame morphology is observed by a high-temperature camera to complete the test.

[0021] Furthermore, in step two, the ignition burner is placed below the curved outer surface of the cabin body to simulate an external fire; and / or the ignition burner is placed below the top plate to simulate a fire inside the cabin.

[0022] Furthermore, in step 2, ignition burners are placed at various positions of the top channel and / or the middle channel to simulate a fire in the hidden area.

[0023] The principle and advantages of this scheme are: by setting up the top channel and the middle channel, the simulation device can simulate the actual hidden area of ​​the aircraft cargo compartment more realistically. This scheme can complete the medium-scale fire simulation test. At present, there is no standard test method. It not only provides a construction and execution scheme for cargo compartment fire protection test, but also simulates and restores the real scene of the cargo compartment hidden area. In particular, the setting of the top channel in the top plate takes into account the aircraft compartment ceiling that has been ignored, providing a more realistic test object and test environment for the fire protection test, and can more intuitively and accurately test the impact of the hidden area on the combustion and spread of the flame. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the simulation device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention viewed from front to back.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the simulation device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention viewed from the back to the front.

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Front view of.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a front view of the simulation device in the second embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0029] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: top plate 100, top channel 110, circular channel 111, elliptical channel 112, bottom plate 200, support column 210, support plate 220, universal wheel 230, cabin body 300, middle channel 310, first side door 320, second side door 330.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] The aircraft cargo hold hidden area fire protection test system includes a simulation device for simulating the actual situation of the aircraft cargo hold, a fire source system for providing a combustion test for the simulation device, and a measurement system for measuring the combustion condition of the simulation device in the fire source system.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the simulation device includes a top plate 100 for simulating the ceiling of an aircraft, a cabin body 300 for simulating the middle section of a cargo hold, a support plate 220 for supporting the cabin body 300, and a support column 210 for supporting the top plate 100. There are multiple support columns 210 welded between the top plate 100 and the bottom plate 200. The support plates 220 are arranged tilted upwards and connected between the bottom plate 200 and the cabin body 300 to make the entire simulation device more stable. Except for the part of the bottom plate extending out of the cabin body, the entire simulation device restores the cabin of the aircraft to be tested in a one-to-one ratio.

[0033] Compared with the ceiling area that is often ignored in current cargo hold fire tests or other combustion tests, this embodiment not only simulates the ceiling by setting a top plate 100, but more importantly, opens a top channel 110 in the length direction of the top plate 100 to simulate the top hidden space of the actual aircraft ceiling. The top channel 110 of this embodiment includes two types, a circular channel 111 and an elliptical channel 112. By arranging different cables in the circular channel 111 and the elliptical channel 112, the hidden area state of the aircraft ceiling can be simulated more realistically.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the front and rear sides of the cabin body 300 are provided with first side doors 320 for opening the middle passage 310 on the cabin body 300. In this embodiment, the first side door 320 is connected to the front and rear side walls of the cabin body 300 by hinges, so as to facilitate the placement, addition and subtraction of boxes or columns in the middle passage 310 to simulate the installation equipment and connection pipelines in the middle cabin of the aircraft. At the same time, in this embodiment, there are four second side doors 330 on the left side of the cabin body 300. Compared with the first side door 320, the second side door 330 is not often opened, so the second side door 330 is connected to the cabin body 300 by screws. The second side door 330 is mainly used to assist the first side door 320 in adjusting the installation and layout of the boxes, columns, pipelines and other aircraft cabin equipment and lines in the middle passage 310 before a series of simulation tests.

[0035] All the second side doors 330 are almost flush with the left side wall of the cabin body 300, so as to simulate the inner side wall surface of the cargo hold where actual equipment and lines are installed on the aircraft.

[0036] The cabin body 300 in this embodiment is 1 / 1 of the actual cabin length of the aircraft, and its longitudinal cross-sectional area is less than 1 / 5 of the actual cabin length to be tested. In this embodiment, the length of the cabin body 300 is 4-5 meters, the width of the top plate 100 is 2-3 meters, and the length of the support column 210 is 2-3 meters, so that the simulation device formed by various structures including the cabin body 300 can reduce the volume of the simulation device as much as possible, save space, and save costs under the premise of truly restoring the actual operating space of the aircraft.

[0037] This embodiment uses the top channel 110 and the middle channel 310 as well as similar geometric bodies such as boxes, columns, and cables installed in the top channel 110 and the middle channel 310 respectively to truly simulate and restore the hidden areas that actually exist in the aircraft due to the installation of equipment and cables, as well as the equipment and pipelines in these hidden areas. The simulation device of this embodiment can provide a more realistic fire test object, so that the result of the fire test is more in line with the flame burning and spread in the hidden area after the aircraft actually catches fire.

[0038] The fire source system in this embodiment can use conventional flame burners, which are placed at various positions on the bottom plate 200 to test the combustion conditions of the inner and outer surfaces of the compartment body 300; by placing the burners in the top channel 110 and the middle channel 310 respectively, it is possible to simulate the situation of a fire in a hidden area, and then use a conventional measurement system to detect conventional detection parameters such as temperature, heat flow, flame shape, fire plume and jet characteristics at the detection positions in the area after the fire occurs.

[0039] When using the above simulation device to conduct a fire test of the hidden area of ​​the aircraft cargo hold, the first side door 320 and the second side door 330 are first opened to fix the positions of the cylinders, cubes, hollow boxes, cables and other related geometric structures in the middle channel 310. At the same time, the installation position of the cables in the top channel 110 is fixed to simulate the installation position of the cables and equipment in the corresponding cabin section of the aircraft.

[0040] Then, close the first side door 320 and the second side door 330, and do not open the second side door 330 unless necessary. Place the ignition burners in the fire source system at various positions on the bottom plate 200, for example, below the curved outer surface of the cabin body 300 to simulate an external fire; below the top plate 100 to simulate a fire inside the cabin; and place the burners at various positions on the top channel 110 or the middle channel 310 to simulate a fire in a hidden area.

[0041] The third step is to complete the test by installing temperature sensors and heat flow meters at various positions of the cabin body 300 to detect the temperature and jet characteristics of the corresponding positions, and observing the flame morphology through a high-temperature camera.

[0042] like Figure 3 In the embodiment shown, the longitudinal cross-sectional area of ​​the cabin body 300 is 1 / 4 of the longitudinal cross-sectional area of ​​the actual aircraft cabin and 1 / 2 of the corresponding cargo hold cross-sectional area, wherein the upper half of the longitudinal cross-sectional area of ​​the aircraft cabin is the longitudinal cross-sectional area of ​​the passenger cabin, and the lower half is the longitudinal cross-sectional area of ​​the cargo hold. The longitudinal cross-sectional area of ​​the cargo hold in the embodiment also includes a partition used to divide the passenger cabin and the cargo hold, i.e., the top plate 100 in the simulation device of the embodiment.

[0043] The cabin body 300 is used to restore and present the space area used to install air conditioning equipment and corresponding wires and cables on the actual cabin of the aircraft. In this embodiment, the hidden area space formed by the top channel 110 on the top plate 100 of the cabin body 300 occupies more than 1 / 10 of the space of the entire top plate 100, simulating the actual hidden area space in the aircraft partition as realistically as possible. The circular channel 111 and the elliptical channel 112 on the left half of the top plate 100 are both open, and the elliptical channel 112 and the circular channel 111 arranged on the right half of the top plate 100 are closed and covered by the front and rear side walls of the cabin body 300 to simulate the actual cabin body 300, which is formed by the semi-enclosed space of the aircraft's own operating environment. In the actual test, all the open circular channels 111 and elliptical channels 112 of the top plate 100 can be completely or partially closed by means of sealants, etc., to more realistically simulate the semi-enclosed state of the top channel 110 in the aircraft, avoid the error caused by the normal atmospheric pressure environment where the simulation device is located, and make the simulation more realistic and the test more accurate.

[0044] Embodiment 2

[0045] like Figure 4 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that a universal wheel 230 is provided under the top plate 100, which is convenient for moving the simulation device and selecting the test site, helps to conduct fire prevention tests in combination with external weather changes, and can restore and set the external weather factors that affect the actual fire situation of the aircraft.

[0046] Embodiment 3

[0047] In this embodiment, the ratio of the longitudinal cross-sectional area of ​​the middle channel 310 to the longitudinal cross-sectional area of ​​the top channel 110 is defined, so that the area ratio of the top hidden area and the middle hidden area formed in the unit area of ​​the entire cabin body 300 and the top plate 100 simulating the ceiling is consistent with the actual situation of the aircraft, and can more realistically simulate the possible flame spread of the two hidden areas. In this embodiment, the ratio of the longitudinal cross-sectional area of ​​the middle channel 310 to the longitudinal cross-sectional area of ​​the top channel 110 is greater than or equal to 2:1, which restores the area size of the top and middle hidden spaces as realistically as possible, so that the formed simulation device can provide a more accurate simulation object and a more realistic test space.

[0048] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. Aircraft cargo hold hidden area fire test system, characterized by: It includes a simulation device for simulating the actual state of an aircraft cargo hold, a fire source system for igniting at multiple positions of the simulation device, and a test system for measuring and recording the combustion conditions of the simulation device in the fire source system; The simulation device comprises a top plate, a cabin body and a bottom plate arranged in an upper and lower manner, wherein the cabin body has a front side wall, a rear side wall, a left side wall and a right side wall; the right side wall of the cabin body is an arc-shaped structure, used to simulate the outer surface of the aircraft cargo hold, and the right side wall of the cabin body is a vertical plane structure, used to simulate the inner surface of the aircraft cargo hold; The cabin section body is connected to the lower right side of the top plate; the top plate is provided with a top channel for simulating the hidden area of ​​the aircraft cargo hold ceiling; the cabin section body is provided with a middle channel for simulating the hidden area of ​​the aircraft cargo hold side wall; the top channel and the middle channel are oriented in the length direction of the simulation device; The main body of the cabin section is a cabin section under the proportion condition of the cargo cabin section of an aircraft, the intercepted length is less than 1 / 5 of the length of the actual cabin section to be measured, and the longitudinal cross-sectional area is less than 1 / 2 of the actual cabin section to be measured; The top channel and the middle channel are both equipped with rectangular blocks, cylinders and other special-shaped bodies for simulating the actual installation equipment, pipelines and cables of the aircraft.

2. The aircraft cargo hold hidden area fire test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top channel comprises elliptical channels arranged in a single row.

3. The aircraft cargo hold hidden area fire test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top channel includes circular channels and elliptical channels arranged in a single row, and there are two circular channels, which are respectively arranged on both sides of all the elliptical channels.

4. The aircraft cargo hold hidden area fire test system according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the top channel where the top plate is connected to the cabin body, the corresponding positions of the elliptical channel and / or the circular channel are all closed.

5. The aircraft cargo hold hidden area fire test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front side wall and the rear side wall of the compartment body are respectively provided with first side doors for opening or closing the middle passage from the front and rear directions, and the left side wall of the compartment body is provided with a plurality of second side doors for opening the middle passage laterally.

6. The aircraft cargo hold hidden area fire test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the longitudinal cross-sectional area of ​​the middle channel to the longitudinal cross-sectional area of ​​the top channel is greater than or equal to 2:

1.

7. Fire test method for hidden area of ​​aircraft cargo hold, characterized in that: The aircraft cargo hold hidden area fire test system according to claim 1 comprises the following steps: Step 1: fix the positions of the cuboid, cylinder and special-shaped body in the middle channel and the top channel respectively to simulate the installation positions of cables and equipment in the corresponding compartments of the aircraft cargo hold; Step 2: Place the ignition burners in the fire source system at various positions on the bottom plate and ignite them to simulate combustion conditions; Step three, the temperature and heat flow at the corresponding positions are detected by installing temperature sensors and heat flow meters at various positions of the cabin body, and the flame morphology is observed by a high-temperature camera to complete the test.

8. The aircraft cargo hold hidden area fire test method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step two, an ignition burner is placed below the curved outer surface of the cabin body to simulate an external fire; and / or an ignition burner is placed below the top plate to simulate a fire inside the cabin.

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