442 results about "Flame propagation" patented technology

A method is provided for control of transition between combustion modes of a direct-injection engine operable in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode at lower loads and a spark ignition flame propagation (SI) mode at higher loads. The engine includes a variable valve actuation system including two-step high and low lift valve actuation and separate cam phasing for both intake and exhaust valves. The method includes operating the engine at steady state, with fuel-air-exhaust gas mixtures at predetermined conditions, for each speed and load, and controlling the engine during mode changes between the HCCI mode and the SI mode by switching the exhaust and intake valves between low lift for HCCI operation and high lift for SI operation. High load may be an SI throttled mode with an intermediate unthrottled mode (SI / NTLC} in which transition between HCCI and SI / NTLC modes requires switching only the exhaust valve lift and transition between SI / NTLC and SI throttled modes requires switching only the intake valve lift, with predetermined phase adjustments in the valve timing phasing.

An internal combustion engine (100) comprises a fuel injection valve (21, 22) which supplies a first fuel having a higher self-ignitability than gasoline and a second fuel having a higher combustion speed than gasoline such that an air-fuel mixture containing the first fuel and the second fuel is formed in a combustion chamber (14), a spark plug (25) which ignites the air-fuel mixture, and a programmable controller (41) programmed to control supply proportions of the first fuel and the second fuel such that the ignited air-fuel mixture undergoes flame propagation combustion and then undergoes self-ignition combustion. Thus, a reduction in emissions can be achieved, and high thermal efficiency can be realized through the self-ignition combustion.

An afterburner apparatus that utilizes a novel swirl generator for rapidly and efficiently atomizing, vaporizing, as necessary, and mixing a fuel into an oxidant. The swirl generator converts an oxidant flow into a turbulent, three-dimensional flowfield into which the fuel is introduced. The swirl generator effects a toroidal outer recirculation zone and a central recirculation zone, which is positioned within the outer recirculation zone. These recirculation zones are configured in a backward-flowing manner that carries heat and combustion byproducts upstream where they are employed to continuously ignite a combustible fuel / oxidizer mixture in adjacent shear layers. The recirculation zones accelerate flame propagation to allow afterburning to be completed in a relatively short length. Inherent with this swirl afterburner concept are design compactness, light weight, lower cost, smooth and efficient combustion, high thrust output, wide flammability limits, continuous operation at stoichiometric fuel / oxidizer mixture ratios, no combustion instabilities, and relatively low pressure losses.

A method is provided for control of transition between combustion modes of a direct-injection engine operable in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode at lower loads and a spark ignition flame propagation (SI) mode at higher loads. The engine includes a variable valve actuation system including two-step high and low lift valve actuation and separate cam phasing for both intake and exhaust valves. The method includes operating the engine at steady state, with fuel-air-exhaust gas mixtures at predetermined conditions, for each speed and load, and controlling the engine during mode changes between the HCCI mode and the SI mode by switching the exhaust and intake valves between low lift for HCCI operation and high lift for SI operation. High load may be an SI throttled mode with an intermediate unthrottled mode (SI / NTLC} in which transition between HCCI and SI / NTLC modes requires switching only the exhaust valve lift and transition between SI / NTLC and SI throttled modes requires switching only the intake valve lift, with predetermined phase adjustments in the valve timing phasing.

The invention provides an apparatus for testing flame propagation and flame suppression in the flammable gas and air premixed gas explosion process. The whole apparatus comprises a combustion pipeline, a water mist generating device, a metal net fire retardance device, a high-speed camera, a schlieren system, a pressure testing system, an automatic gas distribution system, a temperature testing system, an ion probe detection system, a data acquisition instrument, a high-tension ignition system and a synchronous controller. Through the apparatus, flame propagation characteristics and flame propagation rules are researched in the premixed gas explosion process under the influences of factors such as different flammable gas components, different opening states, different ignition positions and different types of flame instability, the effects of stopping agents, fire-retardant metal nets, water mist and the like on controlling and restraining flame propagation are researched, a method and technology for restraining premixed gas flame propagation are developed under the physical-chemical coupling effect, and the inner mechanism of the apparatus is explained.

The invention discloses a testing system for a gas explosion characteristic size effect and relates to a testing system which studies on the gas explosion characteristic size effect. The device comprises a gas distribution device, an ignition device, an explosion device, a data collecting and processing device and a high-speed digital camera, wherein the gas distribution device comprises a combustible gas source, a distribution gas source and a gas distribution tank; the ignition device comprises a igniter, and the igniter is installed on the explosion device; the data collecting and processing device comprises a pressure sensor, a flame propagation rate sensor, a temperature sensor, a signal amplification circuit, a data collecting circuit and a computer, and the pressure sensor, the flame propagation rate sensor and the temperature sensor are installed on a spherical container, a cylindrical container and a pipeline; the explosion device is installed between the gas distribution device and the data collecting and processing device, and the explosion device comprises the spherical container, the cylindrical container and the pipeline; and the high-speed digital camera is used for shooting flames during explosion of the combustible gas inside the containers and the pipeline, and an output end of the high-speed digital camera is connected with the computer.

The invention discloses a water-based epoxy anti-corrosive coating and a preparation method thereof, and relates to a ship antirust and cabin inside and outside antirust fireproof paint. The invention provides a water-based epoxy coating with the VOC lower than 10g / l, and the coating belongs to an environment-friendly coating, which not only has the antirust performance of anti-corrosive coating,but also has low flame propagation of cabin inside finish paint, meets the requirement of cabin inside smoke and toxin, resists aging, and is a multifunctional water-based coating, and the bottom andthe surface are combined. Zhejiang Ampang AB-EP-20 is used as the epoxy resin, Zhejiang Ampang AD-HGF is used as the curing agent, and fluorocarbon emulsion (the model of which is Beijing Baowei PF-1) is used as the base material. Wetting dispersant, defoamer I, defoamer II, flash rust inhibitor, thickener, defoamer and substrate wetting agent are used as additives, rutile titanium white powder, compound zinc phosphate, ferrotitanium powder, talcum powder, ultra-fine aluminum hydroxide, precipitated barium sulfate, mica powder and aluminum tripolyphosphate are used as pigment fillers.

The invention discloses a weak tumble rapid combustion system and a gas engine. The weak tumble rapid combustion system comprises a piston, a cylinder cover, an air intake channel and an exhaust channel, a combustion chamber is formed between the top of the piston and the cylinder cover, the cylinder cover is provided with an air intake throat and an exhaust throat, the section, close to the air intake throat, of the air intake channel is a tumble guide air channel, the axis of the tumble guide air channel is obliquely arranged relative to the bottom face of the cylinder cover, the upper sideface of the tumble guide air channel is an undershoot guide face obliquely arranged relative to the bottom face of the cylinder cover, the lower side face of the tumble guide air channel is an arc-shaped guide face sunken towards the bottom face of the cylinder cover, an eccentric chamfer is arranged at the lower end of the air intake throat, and the eccentric direction of the eccentric chamfer deviates along the direction of a central connecting line from the air intake throat to the air outlet throat. According to the weak tumble rapid combustion system, during air suction, fuel gas forms large-scale weak tumble motion in the air cylinder and is broken into small-scale turbulent flow in the last stage of compression, so that the flame propagation speed is increased, and the fuel gas utilization rate and the engine heat efficiency are improved.

The invention discloses a petrol engine spark ignition excite homogeneous compression ignition combustion control method which belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engines. In the control method, an ignition advance angle is used for controlling ignition moments, and a combustion rate is controlled by an EGR rate. The petrol engine spark ignition excite homogeneous compression ignition combustion control method comprises the following steps: spraying fuel firstly in an air inlet process to form homogeneous rarefied mixed gas when an upper dead center is compressed; spraying fuel secondly in a compression stroke to form local thicker mixed gas around a spark plug; igniting the local thicker mixed gas to produce flame propagation by the spark plug; releasing heat by the combustion of the local flame propagation; compressing the around large-area rarefied mixed gas to rise temperature and pressure to a self-ignite flammation state, thereby exciting the mixed gas in a whole cylinder to self-ignite in a large area in a multipoint mode, and quickly and completely burning the whole mixed gas; and otherwise, harmful emissions generated by burning the equivalent proportion mixed gas are effectively controlled by using a three-way catalyst of the traditional petrol engine.

A combined-cycle engine having at least one core engine and at least one ramjet engine. The ramjet utilizes a novel swirl generator for rapidly and efficiently atomizing, vaporizing, as necessary, and mixing a fuel into an oxidant. The swirl generator converts an oxidant flow into a turbulent, three-dimensional flowfield into which the fuel is introduced. The swirl generator effects a toroidal outer recirculation zone and an inner central recirculation zone, both of which are configured in a backward-flowing manner that carries heat and combustion byproducts upstream where they are employed to continuously ignite a combustible fuel / oxidizer mixture in adjacent shear layers, which accelerate flame propagation throughout the core flowfield. The swirl generator provides smooth combustion with no instabilities and minimum total pressure losses and enables significant reductions in the L / D ratio of the combustor. Other benefits include simplicity, reliability, wide flammability limits, high combustion efficiency and high specific thrust performance.

A method of producing a ticking includes laminating a flame retardant backer to film material, wherein the backer releases flame retardant in the vapor phase that reduces the rate of flame propagation along the film material, when the ticking layer is exposed to flame. The backer is laminated in direct contact with the film material. In some embodiments, the laminated ticking is configured to release less than 15 MJ of heat in the first ten minutes when exposed to a flame in accordance with the testing protocol set forth in 16 CFR 1633. Upholstered articles, such as mattresses, mattress foundations, and articles of furniture, may incorporate the ticking layer.

An internal combustion engine, including a premixed mixture formation device that forms a premixed mixture of fuel and air in a combustion chamber, a fuel gas supply device that injects fuel gas directly into the combustion chamber, and an ignition device that ignites the fuel gas. The fuel gas supply device is configured to inject the fuel gas into the premixed mixture near a top dead center of a compression stroke such that a spray of the fuel gas passes through a firing position of the ignition device, to produce the spray of the fuel gas in a predetermined area substantially extending from one end of a cylinder bore to the other end as viewed in a cylinder-bore direction defined by a centerline of the cylinder bore. The ignition device is configured to directly ignite the spray of the fuel gas and to ignite and burn the premixed mixture by way of flame propagation along the spray of the fuel gas.

A control system of a compression-ignition engine is provided, which includes an engine configured to cause combustion of mixture gas inside a combustion chamber, a spark plug, and a controller configured to operate the engine. The combustion is performed in a given mode in which, after the spark plug ignites the mixture gas to start combustion, unburned mixture gas combusts by self-ignition. The controller has a heat amount ratio changing module configured to change, according to an engine operating state, a heat amount ratio as an index relating to a ratio of a heat amount generated when the mixture gas combusts by flame propagation with respect to a total heat amount generated when the mixture gas inside the combustion chamber combusts. The controller causes the changing module to increase the heat amount ratio at a high engine speed than at a low engine speed.

A ramjet powered device that utilizes a novel swirl generator for rapidly and efficiently atomizing, vaporizing, as necessary, and mixing a fuel into an oxidant. The swirl generator converts an oxidant flow into a turbulent, three-dimensional flowfield into which the fuel is introduced. The swirl generator effects a toroidal outer recirculation zone and an inner central recirculation zone, both of which are configured in a backward-flowing manner that carries heat and combustion byproducts upstream where they are employed to continuously ignite a combustible fuel / oxidizer mixture in adjacent shear layers and stabilizes flame propagation and accelerates combustion throughout the entire combustor. The swirl generator provides smooth combustion with no instabilities and minimum total pressure losses and enables significant reductions in the L / D ratio of the combustor. Other benefits include simplicity, reliability, wide flammability limits and high combustion efficiency and thrust performance.

In a gas turbine combustor, mixing of a fuel and air is accelerated in a mixing chamber of a burner as well as in air introduction passages provided in a wall of the mixing chamber, whereby NOx emissions from premixed combustion are reduced while at the same time, ignition characteristics and flame propagation characteristics improve.The gas turbine combustor includes a plurality of combustors 10, a spark plug 13, and a cross-fire tube 15 that propagates a flame between the combustors 10. Each combustor 10 includes the burner 30 equipped with a fuel nozzle and the mixing chamber wall 32 forming the mixing chamber 31. A plurality of air introduction holes 35, 36 for introducing combustion air, along with the fuel from the fuel nozzle, into the mixing chamber 31, are provided in the mixing chamber wall 32. The combustion air and fuel jetted from the air introduction hole 35 into the mixing chamber 31 are mixed in the form of a mixture “m1”, “m2” and directed towards the spark plug 13 and the cross-fire tube 15.

An EGR control apparatus and method for an internal combustion engine which burns an air-fuel mixture with self ignition in addition to a flame propagation combustion, are provided for improving the combustion efficiency, engine output, drivability, and exhaust gas characteristics in an internal combustion engine which involves a self ignition combustion of an air-fuel mixture in addition to a flame propagation combustion. The EGR control apparatus comprises an ECU which selects one of a stratified self ignition mode, a stratified flame propagation combustion mode, and a homogeneous flame propagation combustion mode, sets a total target EGR amount and a target in-cylinder gas temperature in accordance with the selected combustion mode, calculates a target internal EGR amount in accordance with the value, calculates a target external EGR amount by subtracting the target internal EGR amount from the total target EGR amount, and controls the internal EGR amount and the external EGR amount to be the target internal EGR amount and the target external EGR amount, respectively, by driving three mechanisms.

An energy-saving and explosion-proof LED lamp comprises a lamp socket, an LED element, a lamp shade and a ring cap. The lamp socket includes a housing chamber, a jutting coupling portion with a housing compartment at the bottom thereof to hold a washer assembly inside to seal the bottom of the lamp socket. The LED element is fixedly held in the housing chamber. The lamp shade is made of tempered glass and wedged in the housing chamber, and has a jutting lens in the center and an annular end extended outwards from the perimeter of the lens. The ring cap has a coupling opening mating the lens and a press portion at the rim thereof. The ring cap is coupled on the lamp socket with the press portion covering the annular end, thus forms a flame propagation distance complying with explosion-proof certification.

The invention discloses a system for researching spray diffusion combustion characteristics of liquid fuel. The system comprises a constant-volume combustion projectile body, an air inlet system, an exhaust system, an ignition module, a heating module, a high-pressure common rail system, a data acquisition module, a schlieren imaging system, a laser diagnosis system and an electric control unit. The spray diffusion combustion characteristics of different liquid fuel can be researched at different initial pressure and temperatures. In an experiment, a premixed combustible gas which is injected into the constant-volume combustion projectile body in advance can be ignited by using the ignition module; high-temperature and high-pressure environments are generated in the constant-volume combustion projectile body to simulate high-temperature and high-pressure environments, close to a top compression center, in a cylinder of a diesel engine; when the pressure of the constant-volume combustion projectile body is reduced to a set value, a control unit controls an oil atomizer to spray high-pressure fuel into the constant-volume combustion projectile body and the fuel is quickly atomized in the constant-volume combustion projectile body and ignited by compression; and the combustion flame propagation process of fuel compression ignition is synchronously recorded by using the schlieren imaging system and the spray diffusion combustion characteristics of different liquid fuel are researched by combining a laser diagnosis technology.

The invention discloses a rotational flow stress application / stamping combustion chamber and belongs to the technical field of rotational flow combustion of new concept aero-engines. In the structureof the combustion chamber, a diffuser carries out speed reduction and pressurization on airflow; a thermal insulating screen divides the incoming flow of a diffuser pipe into a main airflow and an outer duct airflow for cooling; a plurality of cooling holes are formed in the thermal insulating screen; a flame stabilizer transmits and stabilizes flame; a rotational flow blade is positioned in the flame stabilizer and forms a set included angle with the main airflow to rotate the downstream airflow; and an oil supply system comprises on-duty level oil supply, outer ring oil supply of a radial stabilizer and main combustion level oil supply and adopts the oil supply manners of combination of a direct-injection type fuel spray nozzle and an annular oil pipe, and a radial oil pipe of a main oilpipe. Compared with a traditional combustor, as the rotational flow combustion manner is adopted, the flame propagation velocity is not affected by pressure; in addition, the subregion oil supply manner is adopted, so that the oil and gas are mixed more fully, combustion is more efficient and stable, and pollution is less; and moreover, the flame transferring device of the flame stabilizer is eliminated, so that the structure of the combustion chamber is simplified, the length of the combustion chamber is shortened and the weight of the combustion chamber is reduced.

The invention discloses a method for controlling diluent or lean mixed gas burning and ignition through high-flammability fuel micro ignition. The method comprises the steps that gasoline is ignited through spontaneous burning of a small amount of layered high-flammability fuel, and stable flame propagation is formed; the temperature inside a cylinder is increased through energy released by flame propagation and piston upward compression, meanwhile, multiple spontaneous burning points are formed in unburnt diluent or lean mixed gas under the assistance of a small amount of pilot injection high-flammability fuel, and then stable and rapid burning or multi-point spontaneous burning is formed. When an engine encounters knock or the largest explosion pressure exceeds limits, the burning process can be converted into rapid flame propagation type burning by introducing cooled burnt waste gas or excess air. When the heat state in the cylinder is not enough to form stable flame propagation or spontaneous burning heat release, the heat state in the cylinder is improved by introducing internal residual waste gas. The control problem in the ignition and burning process of premixed diluent or lean mixed gas can be solved.

A control apparatus is configured to enhance turbulence in the cylinder produced by the fuel spray, and to improve combustion stability (promote flame propagation) in an ATDC designed to reduce HC and / or achieve early activation of the catalyst. Ignition timing is set to compression top dead center (TDC) or later when needed such as when the catalyst requires warming. In one fuel injection timing, the fuel is injected in two fuel injections with a first fuel injection occurring during the compression stroke, and the second fuel injection being carried out at 45° BTDC or later.

The proper sizing of microchannel dimensions and the management of internal features offer the possibility of inherently safe operation within the flammable limits of a combustible fluid stream while preserving the largest-possible flow dimensions for industrial-scale process capacity. Specifically, the microchannel dimensions need not be restricted to gap distances below the quenching distance to be operated safely. Microchannel performance can be engineered to provide adequate heat transfer for flame propagation. However, it is essential to maintain flame characteristics in such a manner that it cannot transition to a detonation flame front. A detonation takes place when the combustion wave propagates at supersonic speeds at the existing local temperature and pressure conditions in the system. It results in a much larger energy release over a much smaller period of time as compared to a laminar flame or deflagration, the later of which is a combustion wave propagating at subsonic speed. Detonations can be potentially highly destructive and very hazardous and therefore should be avoided for most industrial applications.

A system for an internal combustion engine, the engine having an intake and exhaust manifold, the system comprising a heat exchanger configured to extract energy from at least a heat source that heats a first portion of intake air, a spark plug coupled to the engine, an intake passage configured to deliver said first portion of heated intake air to the engine and to deliver a second portion of intake air which bypasses said heat source, and a controller configured to direct said second portion of intake air to the engine at least when utilizing said spark plug to initiate combustion and flame propagation of an air-fuel mixture, and to at least temporarily cause said first portion of intake air to flow during said spark ignition combustion so that a temperature of said first portion of intake air is maintained above a selected value.

A control apparatus is configured to enhance turbulence in the cylinder produced by the fuel spray, and to improve combustion stability (promote flame propagation) in an ATDC designed to reduce HC and / or achieve early activation of the catalyst. Ignition timing is set to compression top dead center or later when for example the catalyst requires warming. In one fuel injection timing, a single fuel injection is injected prior to ignition timing at compression stroke top dead center or later. Alternatively, the fuel is injected in two fuel injections with a first fuel injection occurring during either the intake stroke or the compression stroke and the second fuel injection occurring at compression stroke top dead center or later.