An architecture of an airborne collision avoidance system

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of avionics technology, and in particular, relates to an architecture of an airborne collision avoidance system. It includes: the front-end processing module is used to process data from different data sources, and the different data sources include: the reply signal of the A / C device, the S-mode reply signal, and the ADS-B signal; the monitoring processing module is used to monitor and track targets from different data sources, and send the tracking results to the collision avoidance processing module; the collision avoidance processing module is used to perform collision avoidance processing according to the tracking results and generate warning suggestions; the monitoring processing module is used to monitor the data source of the aircraft itself, and can support the operation of multiple scenarios of the aircraft, can support the selection and fusion of multiple airborne data sources, and the decoupling of algorithms and devices, and support algorithms that can be applied to different aircraft or equipment platforms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of avionics, and in particular relates to an architecture of an airborne collision avoidance system. Background Art

[0002] The airborne collision avoidance system is an important part of the aircraft avionics system and is the last line of defense to ensure flight safety and avoid mid-air collisions. The system architecture describes the components of the system and the relationship between the elements. The design of a good product first requires the definition of its architecture.

[0003] In the CNS\ATM environment, aircraft are required to have more flexible anti-collision capabilities, but it is very difficult to upgrade the current installed equipment; similarly, in the new environment, the airborne anti-collision system needs to be compatible with different data sources and can be flexibly deployed on different aircraft models or equipment, which are not available in the current airborne anti-collision system. Therefore, a new anti-collision system architecture is needed to support the above requirements. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides an architecture of an airborne collision avoidance system. The airborne collision avoidance system designed and produced by this architecture can support the operation of aircraft in multiple scenarios, can support the selection and fusion of multiple airborne data sources and the decoupling of algorithms and devices, and can support algorithms that are applicable to different aircraft or device platforms.

[0005] An airborne collision avoidance system architecture, the architecture comprising: a front-end processing module, a monitoring processing module, an collision avoidance processing module, and a surveillance processing module;

[0006] The front-end processing module, the monitoring processing module, and the anti-collision processing module are bidirectionally connected in sequence; the monitoring processing module is bidirectionally connected to the front-end processing module, the monitoring processing module, and the anti-collision processing module respectively;

[0007] The front-end processing module is used to process data from different data sources, including: a reply signal of an A / C device, a S-mode reply signal, and an ADS-B signal;

[0008] The monitoring processing module is used to monitor and track targets from different data sources, and send the tracking results to the anti-collision processing module;

[0009] The anti-collision processing module is used to perform anti-collision processing according to the tracking results and generate warning suggestions;

[0010] The monitoring processing module is used to monitor the data source of the aircraft itself.

[0011] Further, the front-end processing module includes: a radio frequency signal processing submodule, an S model digital signal processing submodule, an ADS-B digital signal processing submodule, an A / C reply digital signal processing submodule, and a front-end and monitoring interface processing submodule;

[0012] The radio frequency signal processing submodule is bidirectionally connected to the S model digital signal processing submodule, the ADS-B digital signal processing submodule, and the A / C response digital signal processing submodule respectively; the S mode digital signal processing submodule, the ADS-B digital signal processing submodule, and the A / C response digital signal processing submodule are bidirectionally connected to the front end and monitoring interface processing submodule respectively.

[0013] Furthermore, the radio frequency signal processing submodule is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the A / C mode interrogation / reply signal, the ADS-B signal, and the S mode interrogation / reply signal to convert the space electromagnetic signal into a corresponding digital signal;

[0014] The A / C response digital signal processing submodule is used to process the A / C mode interrogation / response digital signal to obtain the target's timestamp, altitude, and azimuth information;

[0015] The ADS-B digital signal processing submodule is used to process the ADS-B digital signal to obtain the latitude and longitude, altitude, and S-mode address information of the target;

[0016] The S-mode digital signal processing submodule is used to process the S-mode inquiry / response signal to obtain timestamp, altitude, azimuth, and S-mode address information.

[0017] The front-end and monitoring interface processing submodule is used to classify and package the information obtained by the S model digital signal processing submodule, the ADS-B digital signal processing submodule, and the A / C response digital signal processing submodule and send it to the monitoring processing module.

[0018] Furthermore, the front-end and monitoring interface processing submodule is also used to unpack and reclassify the tracking or collaborative target data sent by the monitoring processing module, and send them to the S-mode digital signal processing submodule, the ADS-B digital processing submodule and the A / C reply digital signal processing submodule for encoding, and then perform digital-to-analog conversion through the radio frequency signal processing submodule to convert them into electromagnetic signals for transmission.

[0019] Further, the monitoring processing module includes: a source selection submodule, an active monitoring submodule, a passive monitoring submodule, a collaborative processing submodule, a local information tracking submodule, and a tracking management submodule;

[0020] The source selection submodule is bidirectionally connected to the active monitoring submodule, the passive monitoring submodule, and the collaborative processing submodule respectively; the active monitoring submodule, the passive monitoring submodule, and the collaborative processing submodule are bidirectionally connected to the tracking management submodule respectively; and the local information tracking submodule is connected to the active monitoring submodule and the passive monitoring submodule respectively.

[0021] Further, the source selection submodule is used to perform source judgment based on the input data of the front-end module and the radar / photoelectric module. If it is data from the radar / photoelectric module or ADS-B, it is sent to the passive monitoring submodule; if it is A / C or S mode data, it is sent to the active monitoring submodule;

[0022] The active monitoring submodule is used to track the A / C or S mode aircraft, establish an active tracking list, determine the tracking status of the target, and send the stable target data to the tracking management submodule; if the tracked target is unstable, send re-tracking information to the front-end module;

[0023] The passive monitoring submodule is used to track the target aircraft tracked by the ADS-B or radar / photoelectric module, establish a passive tracking list, judge the tracking status of the target, and send the stable target data to the tracking management submodule; if the tracked target is unstable, continue to monitor the aircraft information until it is stable;

[0024] The collaborative processing submodule is used to process the warning target information sent by the anti-collision processing module, send collaborative information to S-mode or ADS-B mode aircraft, and send warning broadcast information to all target warning aircraft;

[0025] The aircraft information tracking submodule is used to process the aircraft's position, pressure altitude, radio altitude, heading attitude data, and send them to the active monitoring submodule and the passive monitoring submodule.

[0026] Furthermore, the monitoring and processing module is used to perform self-detection on the airborne collision avoidance system, including detection of input and output status, internal resource status, voice and display status;

[0027] The monitoring and processing module is also used to periodically detect the input data of the aircraft, and the input data of the aircraft includes radio altitude, pressure altitude, heading attitude, and position information;

[0028] The monitoring processing module is also used to periodically detect the data of the S-mode transponder; and periodically detect the interfaces between the front-end processing module, the monitoring processing module, the anti-collision processing module, and the monitoring processing module;

[0029] The monitoring and processing module is also used to periodically detect the high-priority warning system. If there is a high-priority alarm, the alarm of the airborne collision avoidance system will be suppressed;

[0030] If the monitoring and processing module detects a fault, the airborne collision avoidance system enters a fault state.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the method described in the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the airborne monitoring source is untied from the equipment and can be installed for any data source on the aircraft, without the need to additionally design a data source for the anti-collision system; algorithm upgrades only require software upgrades, without the need to replace hardware equipment, thus saving costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is a general architectural diagram of the architecture of an airborne collision avoidance system;

[0033] Figure 2 This is the front-end processing module architecture diagram;

[0034] Figure 3 It is the architecture diagram of the monitoring and processing module;

[0035] Figure 4 This is the architecture diagram of the collision avoidance processing module;

[0036] Figure 5 This is the architecture diagram of the monitoring and processing module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific diagrams.

[0038] An embodiment of the present invention provides an architecture of an airborne collision avoidance system, including:

[0039] Front-end processing module: mainly for data processing of A / C, S, and ADS-B signal sources;

[0040] Monitoring and processing module: monitors and tracks targets from different data sources and sends the tracking results to the anti-collision processing module;

[0041] Anti-collision processing module: performs anti-collision processing based on tracking results and generates warning suggestions.

[0042] Monitoring and processing module: monitors the aircraft's own data source.

[0043] The front-end processing module is further explained: RF transmission and reception, signal processing and interface processing are performed for the response signal of A / C equipment, S mode response signal and ADS-B signal.

[0044] The monitoring and processing module is further explained: the data source is selected and processed for the radar optoelectronic signal and the input information of the front-end processing module, and then active and passive monitoring processing is performed according to different sources and the tracking information of the local machine, and then collaborative processing is performed according to the signal rules, and finally the input and output of all targets are tracked and managed.

[0045] Further elaboration of the collision avoidance processing module: The collision avoidance processing module uses the tracking provided by the surveillance processing module to perform state estimation to determine whether the target poses a threat. It then performs activity selection, co-selects threat estimation, and finally coordinates the processing and output management of the TA and RA information that should be provided to the flight crew, the RA coordination data that should be provided to other collision avoidance systems on the intruder aircraft, and the RA display logic that is transmitted to the ground or other aircraft.

[0046] The monitoring and processing module is further explained: the fault monitoring and processing of the entire system is carried out based on the system's self-detection and local input monitoring, transponder status monitoring, module input and output monitoring, and high-priority alarm monitoring.

[0047] Specifically, Figure 1 It is an overall architectural diagram of the airborne collision avoidance system. The structure is mainly divided into input and output interfaces and four parts: the target information is processed through front-end processing, monitoring processing and collision avoidance processing, and finally the monitoring and warning information is output. At the same time, the monitoring processing monitors the status of all internal and external interfaces to ensure the reliable operation of the system.

[0048] Figure 2 This is the architecture diagram of the front-end processing module. The working process of the front-end processing module is divided into two parts:

[0049] The first part converts the space electromagnetic signal into the corresponding digital signal through the analog-to-digital conversion function of the radio frequency signal processing function module for the A / C mode interrogation / reply signal, ADS-B signal, and S mode interrogation / reply signal. The digital signal of the A / C mode interrogation / reply obtains the target's timestamp, altitude (possible), and azimuth (possible) information through the A / C reply digital signal processing function. The ADS-B digital signal obtains the target's latitude and longitude (possible), altitude (possible), and S mode address information through the ADS-B digital signal processing. The S mode interrogation / reply signal obtains the timestamp, altitude (possible), azimuth (possible), and S mode address information through the S mode digital signal processing. The obtained information is classified and packaged by the front-end and interface processing module and sent to the monitoring processing module.

[0050] The second part unpacks and reclassifies the target data that the monitoring processing module needs to track or cooperate with, and sends it to the S-mode digital signal processing module, ADS-B digital processing module and A / C reply digital signal processing module for encoding. It then undergoes digital-to-analog conversion through the RF signal processing module and is converted into an electromagnetic signal for transmission.

[0051] Figure 3 The following is the architecture diagram of the monitoring and processing module. First, the source is judged according to the input data of the front-end module and the radar / photoelectric module. If it is the data of the radar / photoelectric module or ADS-B, it is sent to the passive monitoring module; if it is the data of A / C or S mode, it is sent to the active monitoring module. The active monitoring module mainly tracks and processes the aircraft in A / C or S mode, establishes an active tracking list, judges the tracking status of the target, and sends the stable target data to the tracking management module; if the tracked target is unstable, it sends re-tracking information to the front-end module. The passive monitoring module mainly tracks and processes the target aircraft tracked by ADS-B or radar / photoelectric module, establishes a passive tracking list, judges the tracking status of the target, and sends the stable target data to the tracking management module; if the tracked target is unstable, it continues to monitor the aircraft information until it is stable. The collaborative processing module mainly processes the warning target information sent by the anti-collision processing module, sends collaborative information for S mode or ADS-B mode aircraft, and sends warning broadcast information for all target warning aircraft. The local information tracking processes the local position, pressure altitude, radio altitude, heading attitude data, and sends them to the active monitoring and passive monitoring modules.

[0052] Figure 4 This is the structure diagram of the anti-collision processing module.

[0053] The state estimation function combines the monitoring information sent by the monitoring processing module with the data tracking information of the relative position of the aircraft (cooperative target: atmospheric data; non-cooperative target: high-speed calculation) to generate a time estimate of the future encounter position of the two aircraft.

[0054] The activity selection module generates a set of action costs from each intruder based on the time estimate. The global action of the own aircraft is determined together with the individual actions of each intruder considered independently. The global action is converted into the final climb or descent rate of the own aircraft and the warning recommendation issued by the system. The corresponding action selection is performed separately for single threat intruders and multiple threat encounters.

[0055] The cooperation selection module generates a cooperation message to be sent to the cooperative intruder according to the action selection. The cooperation message includes a message for informing the other party of the maneuver selection and whether the previous maneuver selection needs to be changed.

[0056] The threat assessment module assigns a designation to each intruder, indicating whether it is a non-threat target aircraft, a proximity (PA) target aircraft, a traffic advisory (TA) target aircraft, or a decision advisory (RA) target aircraft. A tracking score is generated for each target, and the displayed intruders are sorted according to the score.

[0057] The display logic module converts the current recommended maneuver and vertical rate into parameters that drive the decision display, which supports the visual display visible to the pilot and the aircraft voice warning system.

[0058] The output management module processes individual intruder aircraft depending on the ACAS operating mode (global TA only or global TA / RA). It also handles tracks discarded by the algorithm and invalid intruder aircraft. It also generates information for external broadcasts and downlinks (air-to-ground and air-to-air transmissions) for coordination with other aircraft.

[0059] Figure 5 For the monitoring and processing module architecture diagram, firstly, the airborne collision avoidance system is self-checked, including the input and output status, internal resource status, voice and display status detection. Then, the input data of the aircraft: radio altitude, pressure altitude, heading attitude, and position information are periodically checked; the data of the S-mode transponder are periodically checked; the front-end processing module, monitoring processing module, collision avoidance processing module architecture diagram, and the interface between the monitoring processing module are periodically checked; if there is a fault, it enters the fault state. Finally, high-priority warning systems such as the ground proximity warning system are periodically checked. If there is a high-priority alarm, the alarm of the airborne collision avoidance system will be suppressed.

[0060] The present invention provides an architecture of an airborne collision avoidance system. The airborne collision avoidance system designed and produced by this architecture can support the operation of multiple aircraft scenarios, can support the selection and fusion of multiple airborne data sources and the decoupling of algorithms and devices, and can support algorithms that can be applied to different aircraft or device platforms. Compared with the prior art, the method described in the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the airborne monitoring source is untied from the device, and can be installed for any data source on the aircraft, without the need to additionally design the data source of the collision avoidance system; the algorithm upgrade only requires the software to be upgraded, and does not require the replacement of hardware equipment, saving costs.

Claims

1. An architecture of an airborne collision avoidance system, characterized in that: The architecture includes: a front-end processing module, a monitoring processing module, an anti-collision processing module, and a surveillance processing module; The front-end processing module, the monitoring processing module, and the anti-collision processing module are bidirectionally connected in sequence; the monitoring processing module is bidirectionally connected to the front-end processing module, the monitoring processing module, and the anti-collision processing module respectively; The front-end processing module is used to process data from different data sources, including: a reply signal of an A / C device, a S-mode reply signal, and an ADS-B signal; The monitoring processing module is used to monitor and track targets from different data sources, and send the tracking results to the anti-collision processing module; The anti-collision processing module is used to perform anti-collision processing according to the tracking results and generate warning suggestions; The monitoring processing module is used to monitor the data source of the aircraft itself; The monitoring and processing module includes: a source selection submodule, an active monitoring submodule, a passive monitoring submodule, a collaborative processing submodule, a local information tracking submodule, and a tracking management submodule; The source selection submodule is bidirectionally connected to the active monitoring submodule, the passive monitoring submodule, and the collaborative processing submodule respectively; the active monitoring submodule, the passive monitoring submodule, and the collaborative processing submodule are bidirectionally connected to the tracking management submodule respectively; and the local information tracking submodule is connected to the active monitoring submodule and the passive monitoring submodule respectively; The source selection submodule is used to perform source judgment based on the input data of the front-end module and the radar / photoelectric module. If the data is from the radar / photoelectric module or ADS-B, it is sent to the passive monitoring submodule; if the data is A / C or S mode data, it is sent to the active monitoring submodule; The active monitoring submodule is used to track the A / C or S mode aircraft, establish an active tracking list, determine the tracking status of the target, and send the stable target data to the tracking management submodule; if the tracked target is unstable, send re-tracking information to the front-end module; The passive monitoring submodule is used to track the target aircraft tracked by the ADS-B or radar / photoelectric module, establish a passive tracking list, judge the tracking status of the target, and send the stable target data to the tracking management submodule; if the tracked target is unstable, continue to monitor the aircraft information until it is stable; The collaborative processing submodule is used to process the warning target information sent by the anti-collision processing module, send collaborative information to S-mode or ADS-B mode aircraft, and send warning broadcast information to all target warning aircraft; The aircraft information tracking submodule is used to process the aircraft's position, pressure altitude, radio altitude, heading attitude data, and send them to the active monitoring submodule and the passive monitoring submodule.

2. The airborne collision avoidance system architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front-end processing module includes: a radio frequency signal processing submodule, an S model digital signal processing submodule, an ADS-B digital signal processing submodule, an A / C response digital signal processing submodule, and a front-end and monitoring interface processing submodule; The radio frequency signal processing submodule is bidirectionally connected to the S model digital signal processing submodule, the ADS-B digital signal processing submodule, and the A / C response digital signal processing submodule respectively; the S mode digital signal processing submodule, the ADS-B digital signal processing submodule, and the A / C response digital signal processing submodule are bidirectionally connected to the front end and monitoring interface processing submodule respectively.

3. The architecture of an airborne collision avoidance system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The radio frequency signal processing submodule is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on A / C mode interrogation / reply signals, ADS-B signals, and S mode interrogation / reply signals to convert space electromagnetic signals into corresponding digital signals; The A / C response digital signal processing submodule is used to process the A / C mode interrogation / response digital signal to obtain the target's timestamp, altitude, and azimuth information; The ADS-B digital signal processing submodule is used to process the ADS-B digital signal to obtain the latitude and longitude, altitude, and S-mode address information of the target; The S-mode digital signal processing submodule is used to process the S-mode interrogation / response signal to obtain timestamp, altitude, azimuth, and S-mode address information; The front-end and monitoring interface processing submodule is used to classify and package the information obtained by the S model digital signal processing submodule, the ADS-B digital signal processing submodule, and the A / C response digital signal processing submodule and send it to the monitoring processing module.

4. The airborne collision avoidance system architecture according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front-end and monitoring interface processing submodule is also used to unpack and reclassify the tracking or collaborative target data sent by the monitoring processing module, and send them to the S-mode digital signal processing submodule, the ADS-B digital processing submodule and the A / C reply digital signal processing submodule for encoding, and then perform digital-to-analog conversion through the radio frequency signal processing submodule to convert them into electromagnetic signals for transmission.

5. The airborne collision avoidance system architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring and processing module is used to perform self-detection on the airborne collision avoidance system, including detection of input and output status, internal resource status, voice and display status; The monitoring and processing module is also used to periodically detect the input data of the aircraft, and the input data of the aircraft includes radio altitude, pressure altitude, heading attitude, and position information; The monitoring processing module is also used to periodically detect the data of the S-mode transponder; and periodically detect the interfaces between the front-end processing module, the monitoring processing module, the anti-collision processing module, and the monitoring processing module; The monitoring and processing module is also used to periodically detect the high-priority warning system. If there is a high-priority alarm, the alarm of the airborne collision avoidance system will be suppressed; If the monitoring and processing module detects a fault, the airborne collision avoidance system enters a fault state.

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