Inter-network short message service between dedicated 5G networks and public 5G networks

Abstract

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are provided for inter-network messaging between private 5G networks and public 5G networks. For example, a first server on a public 5G mobile network can receive a first message directed to a first wireless device associated with a first network identifier. The first server can determine that the first wireless device is associated with a second network identifier based on the first network identifier, wherein the second network identifier is used to identify the first wireless device on the private 5G mobile network. The first server can send a copy of the first message to a second server on the private 5G mobile network for transmission to the first wireless device via the private 5G mobile network based on the second network identifier.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This technology generally relates to wireless communication, and more specifically, to providing inter-network short message service (SMS) between dedicated 5G networks and public 5G networks. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems are used to provide a variety of telecommunications and data services, including telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. The fifth-generation (5G) mobile standard demands higher data transmission speeds, more connections, and better coverage, among other improvements. The advantages offered by 5G networks can be utilized by specialized industries driving the deployment of dedicated networks, also known as standalone non-public networks (SNPN) or public network integrated non-public networks (PNI-NPN).

[0003] In some cases, a wireless device can be configured to operate on multiple wireless networks. For example, a wireless device can be configured to operate on a private network (e.g., an NPN) as well as a public network operated by a mobile network operator (MNO). In some examples, a wireless device can be configured to use different network identifiers associated with different wireless networks. The wireless networks can use the network identifiers associated with the wireless device to provide the wireless device with Short Message Service (SMS) (e.g., text messages). Attached Figure Description

[0004] To describe how the various advantages and features of this disclosure can be obtained, a more detailed description will be presented with reference to specific embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these drawings depict only exemplary embodiments of this disclosure and should not be considered as limiting its scope. The principles herein are described and explained with additional features and details using the drawings, in which:

[0005] Figure 1A This is a block diagram illustrating an example network architecture based on some examples;

[0006] Figure 1B This is a block diagram illustrating an example network architecture based on some examples;

[0007] Figure 2 This is a sequence diagram illustrating examples of procedures for performing inter-network message passing, based on some examples;

[0008] Figure 3 This is a sequence diagram illustrating another example of a process for performing inter-network message passing, based on some examples;

[0009] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating example methods for performing inter-network message passing, based on some examples;

[0010] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating another example method for performing inter-network messaging, based on some examples;

[0011] Figure 6 Example network devices are shown according to some examples; and

[0012] Figure 7 An example computing device is shown based on some examples. Detailed Implementation

[0013] Various embodiments of this disclosure are discussed in detail below. While specific implementations are discussed, it should be understood that this is for illustrative purposes. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other components and configurations can be used without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Additional features and advantages of this disclosure will be set forth in the following description and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the principles disclosed herein. The features and advantages of this disclosure can be realized and obtained by the means and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and other features of this disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and the appended claims, or may be learned by practicing the principles set forth herein.

[0014] The use of the language “at least one of a group” and / or “one or more of a group” in the claim language, or other languages, indicates that one or more members of the group (in any combination) satisfy the claim. For example, the claim language stating “at least one of A and B” means A, B, or A and B. In another example, the claim language stating “at least one of A, B, and C” means A, B, C, or A and B, or A and C, or B and C, or A and B and C. The use of the language “at least one of a group” and / or “one or more of a group” does not limit the group to items listed in the group. For example, the claim language stating “at least one of A and B” may mean A, B, or A and B, and may additionally include items not listed in the group containing A and B.

[0015] Overview

[0016] This document discloses systems, methods, and computer-readable media for providing inter-network short message service (SMS) between private 5G networks and public 5G networks. According to at least one example, a method for messaging between wireless networks is provided. The method may include: receiving, by a first server on a public 5G mobile network, a first message directed to a first wireless device associated with a first network identifier; determining, by the first server, that the first wireless device is associated with a second network identifier based on the first network identifier, wherein the second network identifier is used to identify the first wireless device on a private 5G mobile network; and sending a copy of the first message to a second server on the private 5G mobile network for transmission to the first wireless device via the private 5G mobile network based on the second network identifier.

[0017] In at least some examples involving the above methods, the first server includes a Short Message Service Function (SMSF) server.

[0018] In at least some aspects, the above method may include obtaining the address corresponding to the second server from the data network authentication, authorization, and accounting (DN-AAA) server on the public 5G mobile network.

[0019] In at least some examples, the above method may include the first server determining that the first wireless device is inaccessible on the public 5G mobile network.

[0020] In at least some examples, the above method may include receiving an indication from the second server that a copy of the first message has been delivered to the first wireless device.

[0021] In at least some aspects of the above methods, the first message includes a Short Message Service (SMS) message.

[0022] In at least some examples involving the above methods, the copy of the first message includes an indication that the first message was directed to the first network identifier.

[0023] In at least some aspects, the above method may include: receiving from the second server a second message directed to a second wireless device, wherein the second message includes a sender identifier corresponding to a second network identifier for identifying the first wireless device on the dedicated 5G mobile network; and sending a copy of the second message to the second wireless device, wherein the sender identifier in the copy of the second message corresponds to the first network identifier.

[0024] According to at least one example, a system for providing inter-network short message service (SMS) between private and public 5G networks. The system may include one or more processors and at least one computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations: obtain a subscription policy associated with a wireless device having a first network identifier corresponding to a first network, wherein the subscription policy includes at least one messaging preference associated with a second network identifier corresponding to a second network; and initiate an authentication session between the wireless device and a server on the second network, wherein the authentication session associates the first network identifier with the second network identifier on the server.

[0025] In at least some examples involving the aforementioned systems, the at least one messaging preference is based on user preferences obtained from the wireless device.

[0026] In at least some aspects relating to the above-described system, the first network includes a public 5G mobile network, and the second network includes a private 5G mobile network.

[0027] In at least some examples involving the above-described systems, the authentication session includes auxiliary authentication between the wireless device and a Data Network Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (DN-AAA) server on the second network.

[0028] In at least some aspects, the system described above can receive a first message directed to the wireless device having the first network identifier; and send a copy of the first message to the wireless device, wherein the copy of the first message includes an indication that the first message was previously directed to the first network identifier.

[0029] In at least some examples involving the aforementioned systems, a copy of the first message is sent using a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) protocol.

[0030] According to one example, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided for providing inter-network messaging between public and private networks. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may store instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations: receiving, by a first server on a public 5G mobile network, a first message directed to a first wireless device associated with a first network identifier; determining, by the first server, that the first wireless device is associated with a second network identifier based on the first network identifier, wherein the second network identifier is used to identify the first wireless device on a private 5G mobile network; and sending a copy of the first message to a second server on the private 5G mobile network for transmission to the first wireless device via the private 5G mobile network based on the second network identifier.

[0031] In at least some aspects, the aforementioned non-transitory computer-readable storage medium can obtain an address corresponding to the second server from the data network authentication, authorization, and accounting (DN-AAA) server on the public 5G mobile network.

[0032] In at least some respects, the aforementioned non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be determined by the first server to be inaccessible by the first wireless device on the public 5G mobile network.

[0033] In at least some examples, the aforementioned non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may receive from the second server an indication that a copy of the first message has been delivered to the first wireless device.

[0034] In at least some aspects relating to the aforementioned non-transitory computer-readable medium, a copy of the first message includes an indication that the first message was directed to the first network identifier.

[0035] In at least some aspects, the aforementioned non-transitory computer-readable storage medium can receive from the second server a second message directed to a second wireless device, wherein the second message includes a sender identifier corresponding to a second network identifier for identifying the first wireless device on the dedicated 5G mobile network; and send a copy of the second message to the second wireless device, wherein the sender identifier in the copy of the second message corresponds to the first network identifier.

[0036] This overview is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by referring to the appropriate portions of the entire specification, any or all of the accompanying drawings, and each claim.

[0037] The foregoing, along with other features and embodiments, will become more apparent when referenced to the following description, claims, and drawings.

[0038] Example Implementation

[0039] Wireless devices can include devices such as mobile phones, routers, tablet computers, laptop computers, tracking devices, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, glasses, XR devices, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) devices, vehicles (or computing devices within vehicles), and / or other devices used by users to communicate over wireless communication networks. In some cases, such as when referring to wireless devices configured to communicate using 5G / New Radio (NR) or other telecommunications standards, a wireless device may be referred to as a User Equipment (UE).

[0040] In some cases, wireless devices are configured to operate on both private and public networks (e.g., networks operated by a mobile network operator (MNO)). For example, a wireless device may have different network identifiers that can be used to associate with each respective network. If the wireless device is not registered to the corresponding network, messages (e.g., SMS messages) directed to the wireless device using one of its network identifiers may be lost or delayed. For instance, if a message is sent to the network identifier that the wireless device uses to associate with a private corporate network, the message will not be delivered if the wireless device is registered to a public network (e.g., the message cannot be delivered because the device is not connected to the private network). Similarly, if a message is sent to the network identifier that the wireless device uses to associate with a public network, the message will not be delivered if the wireless device is registered to a private network (e.g., the message cannot be delivered because the device is not connected to the public network).

[0041] This technology provides systems and techniques for providing Short Message Service (SMS) messaging between private and public 5G wireless networks. In some aspects, a network identifier corresponding to a wireless device on a first network can be associated with a network identifier corresponding to a wireless device on a second network. In an illustrative example, a wireless device registered to operate on a private packet-switched mobile network can be configured to perform auxiliary authentication with a public packet-switched mobile network (e.g., using 3GPP auxiliary authentication), which can be used to create an association between the private network identifier and the public network identifier.

[0042] In another illustrative example, a wireless device registered to operate on a public packet-switched mobile network can be configured to perform auxiliary authentication with a private packet-switched mobile network (e.g., using 3GPP auxiliary authentication), which can be used to create an association between a public network identifier and a private network identifier. In some aspects, auxiliary authentication is performed by a Data Network Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (DN-AAA) server.

[0043] In some examples, a first server on a first network (e.g., a Short Message Service Function (SMSF) server) can receive messages directed to a wireless device associated with a first network identifier. The first server can determine that the wireless device is associated with a second network identifier used to identify the wireless device on a second network. The server can send a copy of the message to a second server on the second network. In some configurations, the first network may correspond to a public 5G mobile network, and the second network may correspond to a private 5G mobile network. The copy of the message sent to the second network may include references to the first and second network identifiers. In some cases, a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) protocol may be used to deliver a copy of the message along with an indication that the message was directed to the first network identifier to the wireless device.

[0044] In some examples, the first server may determine that the first wireless device is inaccessible on the first network (e.g., by attempting to page the wireless device). In some aspects, the first server may obtain the address of the second server from a Data Network Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (DN-AAA) server on the first network. In some examples, the DN-AAA server may maintain or store an association between the first network identifier and the second network identifier (e.g., an association based on secondary authentication between the wireless device and the DN-AAA server). In some configurations, the DN-AAA server may communicate with the wireless device to perform secondary authentication.

[0045] As further described below, the disclosed technology provides systems, methods, and computer-readable media for providing inter-network SMS messaging between public and private wireless networks. This document uses 5G / New Radio (NR) as an illustrative example to describe the examples. However, the systems and technologies are not limited to 5G and can be implemented using other wireless technologies such as next-generation 6G networks. This technology will be described in the subsequent disclosures. The discussion begins with a description of... Figures 1A-1B The example wireless network shown. Then, a description will be given as follows: Figures 2-3 The example sequence shown is for inter-network message passing. Subsequently, it will be described as follows... Figures 4-5 The example method shown is for providing inter-network messaging. This discussion uses, as... Figure 6 The example network device shown and such Figure 7The description of the example computing device shown ends here. This disclosure now turns to... Figure 1A-Figure 1B .

[0046] Figure 1A-Figure 1B An example of a network architecture and related components according to one aspect of this disclosure is shown. Figure 1A As shown, network 100 is a 5G wireless communication network. Network 100 may include multiple user equipment (UE) 102. UE 102 may be any type of known or undeveloped device capable of establishing communication with other devices via wireless / radio access technology. Examples of UE 102 include, but are not limited to, various types of known or undeveloped smartphones, laptops, tablets, desktop computers, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, etc.

[0047] UE 102 may have multiple different Radio Access Technology (RAT) interfaces to establish wireless communication sessions with one or more base stations (nodes) of different types, which operate with network 100 using different RATs. For example, UE 102 may have both a 5G interface and a 4G interface. Therefore, this UE 102 can switch from a 5G network to an adjacent 4G network from time to time and as needed, and vice versa.

[0048] Network 100 may also include nodes 104, 106, 108, and 110. Nodes 104, 106, 108, and 110 may also be referred to as base stations or access points 104, 106, 108, and 110. For example, node 104 may be a WiFi router or access point providing a small cell site or coverage area 112 for multiple UEs 102 therein. Therefore, node 104 may be referred to as a small cell node. Nodes 106 and 108 may be any of various types of known or under-developed base stations providing one or more different types of radio access networks (RANs) to devices connected to them. Examples of different RANs include, but are not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Advanced LTE, Global Microwave Access Interoperability (WiMAX), WiFi, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), IS-95, etc.

[0049] Node 106 can provide coverage area 114 for endpoint 102 within coverage area 114. For example... Figure 1A As shown, one or more UEs 102 may be located in the overlapping area of ​​coverage areas 112 and 114. Therefore, such one or more UEs 102 may communicate with node 104 or node 106.

[0050] In addition, node 108 can provide coverage area 116 for some UEs 102 within coverage area 116. Node 110 can... Figure 1A All UEs 102 shown provide coverage area 118.

[0051] Within the 5G architecture of network 100, nodes 104, 106, 108, and 110 can operate in a connected manner to extend the coverage area provided by node 110 and / or serve more UEs 102 than node 110, or some of nodes 104, 106, 108, and 110 can operate independently. Node 104 can be communicatively coupled to node 106, which in turn can be communicatively coupled to node 110. Similarly, node 108 can be communicatively coupled to node 106 and / or node 110. Nodes 104 and 106 can communicate with node 110 via any known or under-developed wireless communication standard. Furthermore, node 108 can communicate with node 110 via any known or under-developed wireless communication standard.

[0052] Within network 100, node 110 may have a wired connection to core network 120 via, for example, a fiber optic cable. This may be referred to as backhaul 122 or backhaul connection 122. While fiber optic cable is an example of the connection medium used for backhaul 122, this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the wired connection may be any other type of known or yet-to-be-developed conductor.

[0053] Furthermore, each of nodes 106, 108, and 110 can include any type of base station, such as a next-generation or 5Ge-NodeB, which may also be referred to as a global NodeB (gNB). Each of nodes 106 and 108 may have separate backhaul connections 124 and 126 to the core network 120. Connections 124 and 126 may be the same as backhaul connection 122. In the example where node 104 is a WiFi node, node 104 may be connected to the core network 120 via node 128, which may be an N3 Interoperability Function (N3IWF) node. Connection 129 between node 128 and the core network 120 may be the same as backhaul connection 122.

[0054] Figure 1B A method having, according to one aspect of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 1A Another example architecture of the core network 120 components. Figure 1B A simplified version of network 100 is shown, in which a single UE 102 has a wireless communication session established with base station 110. Base station 110 is in turn connected to core network 120 via backhaul 122.

[0055] also, Figure 1BExample logical components of core network 120 are shown. Example components / nodes of core network 120 include various network functions (which may be cloud-based functions) implemented via one or more dedicated and / or distributed servers. The core network 120 of the 5G network 100 can be highly flexible, modular, and scalable. It can include many functions, including network slicing. It provides distributed cloud-based functions, network function virtualization (NFV), and software-defined networking (SDN).

[0056] For example, core network 120 may include an Application and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 160, with which base station 110 communicates (e.g., using an N2 interface). Core network 120 also has a bus 162 connecting various servers providing different example functions. For example, bus 162 may connect AMF 160 to a Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) 130, a Network Exposure Function (NEF) 132, a Network Repository Function (NRF) 134, a Unified Data Management (UDM) 136, an Authentication Server Function (AUSF) 140, a Policy Control Function (PCF) 142, an Application Function (AF) 144, a Short Message Service Function (SMSF) 146, a Data Network Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (DN-AAA) 148 function / server, and a Session Management Function (SMF) 152. In some aspects, one or more of the functions or components shown may be external to core network 120 (e.g., DN-AAA 148 may be external to core network 120).

[0057] In one example, the node acting as SMF 152 can also be used as a control plane packet gateway (PGW-C) node. Various components of the core network 120 (examples of which are described above) provide known or undeveloped functionalities for the operation of the 5G network, including but not limited to device registration, attachment, and authentication, thereby enabling network policies, charging policies, etc.

[0058] In addition, such as Figure 1B As shown, SMF 152 connects to User Plane Function (UPF) 154, which in turn connects core network 120 and / or UE 102 (after authentication and registration with core network 120) to data network (DN) 150. In one example, the node acting as UPF 154 can also function as a User Plane Packet Gateway (PGW-C) node and / or a User Location Services Gateway (SGW-U) node.

[0059] Although Figure 1B An example structure and components of the core network 120 are shown, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. The core network 120 may include any other number of known or undeveloped logical functions and components, and / or may have other known or undeveloped architectures.

[0060] For purposes of illustration and discussion, network 100 has been described with reference to a limited number of UEs 102, nodes 104, 106, 108, 110, etc. However, the concept of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0061] In addition, although it has been referenced Figure 1A-Figure 1B Some components are shown and described, but network 100 may include any other known or developing elements or components for its operation.

[0062] Figure 2 This is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of sequence 200 for performing inter-network messaging between a private 5G wireless network and a public 5G wireless network. Sequence 200 can be performed by a private network 202, a public network 204, and a UE 206. Private network 202 may include a private application and mobility management function (AMF) 208, a private unified data management (UDM) 210 (e.g., an authentication server), and a private short message service function (SMSF) 212. Public network 204 may include a public data network authentication, authorization, and charging (DN-AAA) server 214, a public AMF 216, and a public SMSF 218.

[0063] In action 220, UE 206 may perform 5G registration with a private network 202 (e.g., a non-public network such as an enterprise network). In some aspects, private network 202 may correspond to a private 5G / NR mobile network. In some cases, UE 206 may be associated with a network identifier that can be used to identify UE 206 on network 202. In some examples, the network identifier may correspond to an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI), which may correspond to a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) associated with UE 206. In some aspects, the network identifier may be associated with a Mobile Station International Subscriber Telephone Number (MSISDN), which can provide a mapping from the telephone number associated with UE 206 to the SIM.

[0064] In action 222, the dedicated AMF 208 can request a UE subscription policy associated with UE 206 from the dedicated UDM 210. In action 224, the dedicated UDM 210 can send the UE subscription policy associated with UE 206 to the dedicated AMF 208. In some examples, the UE subscription policy may include one or more messaging preferences associated with UE 206. For example, the UE subscription policy may include preferences for sending and / or receiving SMS messages over public network 204. In some aspects, the UE subscription policy may include a public network identifier (e.g., public IMSI) corresponding to public network 204. In some examples, the UE subscription policy may be configured by the network operator of the dedicated network 202. In some cases, the UE subscription policy may be configured based on user data obtained by UE 206.

[0065] In action 226, the dedicated AMF 208 can initiate auxiliary authentication between UE 206 and public DN-AAA 214. In some examples, AMF 208 can communicate with a dedicated SMF (not shown) to initiate auxiliary authentication between UE 206 and public DN-AAA 214. In action 228, UE 206 can communicate with public DN-AAA 214 (e.g., using Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) messages). Following successful auxiliary authentication between UE 206 and public DN-AAA 214, in action 230, UE 206's private network identifier (e.g., the IMSI and / or MSISDN associated with private network 202) can be associated with UE 206's public network identifier (e.g., the private network ID is associated with public network 204 at public DN-AAA 214). In some aspects, UE 206 can use auxiliary authentication with public DN-AAA 214 to provide consent and / or authorization for mapping and delivering messages to different identifiers on different networks.

[0066] In action 232, sequence 200 includes receiving an SMS message via public SMSF 218, the SMS message being directed to or associated with a public network identifier corresponding to or associated with UE 206. For example, an SMS message directed to a public MSISDN may be received. In some aspects, the public MSISDN may be associated with a public network identifier (e.g., public IMSI) and a private network identifier (e.g., private IMSI). In action 234, public SMSF 218 may obtain and review the SMS subscription policy corresponding to UE 206. In some examples, the SMS subscription policy may include one or more preferences for delivering SMS messages received via public network 204. In some aspects, delivery preferences may include a preference to deliver SMS messages only via public network 204; a preference to deliver SMS messages only via private network 202; a preference to deliver SMS messages via both public network 204 and private network 202 (e.g., to copy SMS messages on both networks); a preference to deliver SMS messages via a preferred network (e.g., configured by the user); a preference to deliver SMS messages via private network 202 when UE 206 is not associated with public network 204; and / or any other delivery configuration.

[0067] In some aspects, delivery preferences in the UE subscription policy may include delivering SMS messages via public network 204, and public SMSF 218 may perform action 236 to determine whether UE 206 is available on public network 204. In some examples, public SMSF 218 may attempt to page UE 206 (e.g., via public AMF 216) and receive an indication in action 238 that UE 206 is not available on public network 204.

[0068] In action 240, the public SMSF 218 can obtain information from the public DN-AAA 214 regarding any private network (e.g., private network 202) associated with UE 206. In some aspects, the public SMSF 218 can obtain one or more private identifiers associated with UE 206 from the public DN-AAA 214. In some examples, the public SMSF 218 can obtain information identifying private network 202, such as realm information, domain information, routing information, one or more IP addresses (e.g., the IP address of private SMSF 212), etc. In some examples, the public SMSF 218 can identify private SMSF 212 based on the realm associated with the private network identifier corresponding to UE 206.

[0069] Based on the UE subscription policy and information obtained from public DN-AAA 214, in action 242, public SMSF 218 may forward an SMS message directed to a public identifier associated with UE 206 to private SMSF 212 for delivery via private network 202. In action 244, private SMSF 212 may forward the message to private AMF 208 for delivery to UE 206. In some aspects, private SMSF 212 may extract the payload portion of the SMS message (e.g., user data) and forward the payload to private AMF 208. In some cases, private SMSF 212 may provide private AMF 208 with an indication that the SMS message was directed to a public identifier associated with UE 206 on public network 204.

[0070] In some respects, UE 206 may be in an idle state, and dedicated AMF 208 may perform action 246 and page UE 206 using a dedicated identifier associated with UE 206 on dedicated network 202. In other respects, UE 206 may be in a connected state (e.g., or after entering a connected state as part of the payload of a downlink NAS transmission message). In some cases, the message to UE 206 may include an indication that the SMS message was routed to UE 206 from public network 204 (e.g., the message was directed to a public identifier). In some examples, the message to UE 206 may include metadata that can be used to identify a network identifier that was used as the destination address of the original SMS message received on public network 204.

[0071] In action 250, UE 206 can receive an SMS message indicating that the SMS message was sent to a public identifier (e.g., associated with public network 204) and delivered to UE 206 via private network 202. In action 252, private SMSF 212 can send a message to public SMSF 218 indicating that the SMS message was successfully delivered to UE 206. In some examples, private SMSF 212 may receive a successful delivery indication from private AMF 208.

[0072] In action 254, a user can compose an SMS message using UE 206, which can be directed to a radio device located outside the private network 202. In some aspects, UE 206 can send an SMS message to a private AMF 208, which is directed to a user identifier associated with a device on the public network 204. In some examples, an uplink NAS transport message including an SMS container can be used to send the SMS message. In action 256, the private AMF 208 can forward the SMS message to a private SMSF 212. In action 258, the private SMSF 212 can send the SMS message to a public SMSF 218 for delivery to the UE associated with the public network 204. In some examples, the SMS message can be delivered along with an indication that it originates from a public network identifier associated with UE 206 (e.g., the originating address of the SMS message could be the public identifier of UE 206). In some respects, SMS messages can be delivered along with an indication that they originate from a private network identifier associated with UE 206 (e.g., the originating address of the SMS message could be a private identifier of UE 206).

[0073] In some examples, UE 206 may become disconnected from private network 202. For example, in action 260, private AMF 208 may detect that UE 206 is no longer connected to private network 202. In action 262, private AMF 208 may send a message to public DN-AAA 214 (e.g., via a private SMF such as SMF 152) indicating that UE 206 is not connected to or associated with private network 202. In action 264, public DN-AAA may remove the private network identifier associated with UE 206. In some examples, SMS messages received on public network 204 after removing UE 206's private network identifier from public DN-AAA will be delivered via public network 204.

[0074] Figure 3 This is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of sequence 300 for performing inter-network messaging between private and public 5G wireless networks. Sequence 300 can be performed by public network 302, private network 304, and UE 306. Public network 302 may include a public application and mobility management function (AMF) 308, a public unified data management (UDM) 310 (e.g., an authentication server), and a public short message service function (SMSF) 312. Private network 304 may include a private data network authentication, authorization, and charging (DN-AAA) server 314, a private AMF 316, and a private SMSF 318.

[0075] In action 320, UE 306 may perform 5G registration with public network 302 (e.g., a public mobile network operator). In some aspects, public network 302 may correspond to a public 5G / NR mobile network. In some cases, UE 306 may be associated with a network identifier that can be used to identify UE 306 on public network 302. In some examples, the network identifier may correspond to an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI), which may correspond to a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) associated with UE 306. In some aspects, the network identifier may be associated with a Mobile Station International Subscriber Telephone Number (MSISDN), which can provide a mapping from the telephone number associated with UE 306 to the SIM.

[0076] In action 322, the public AMF 308 can request a UE subscription policy associated with UE 306 from the public UDM 310. In action 324, the public UDM 310 can send the UE subscription policy associated with UE 306 to the public AMF 308. In some examples, the UE subscription policy may include one or more messaging preferences associated with UE 306. For example, the UE subscription policy may include preferences for sending and / or receiving SMS messages through private network 304. In some aspects, the UE subscription policy may include a private network identifier (e.g., a private IMSI) corresponding to private network 304. In some examples, the UE subscription policy may be configured by the network operator of public network 302. In some cases, the UE subscription policy may be configured based on user data obtained by UE 306.

[0077] In action 326, the public AMF 308 can initiate auxiliary authentication between UE 306 and private DN-AAA 314. In some examples, AMF 308 can communicate with a public SMF (not shown) to initiate auxiliary authentication between UE 306 and private DN-AAA 314. In action 328, UE 306 can communicate with private DN-AAA 314 (e.g., using Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) messages). After successful auxiliary authentication between UE 306 and private DN-AAA 314, in action 330, UE 306's public network identifier (e.g., the network ID associated with public network 302) can be associated with UE 306's private network identifier (e.g., the network ID associated with private network 304).

[0078] In action 332, sequence 300 includes receiving an SMS message via a dedicated SMSF 318, the SMS message being directed to or associated with a dedicated network identifier corresponding to or associated with UE 306. For example, an SMS message directed to a dedicated MSISDN may be received. In some aspects, the dedicated MSISDN may be associated with a dedicated network identifier (e.g., a dedicated IMSI) and a public network identifier (e.g., a public IMSI). In action 334, the dedicated SMSF 318 may obtain and review the SMS subscription policy corresponding to UE 306. In some examples, the SMS subscription policy may include one or more preferences for delivering SMS messages received via dedicated network 304. In some aspects, delivery preferences may include a preference to deliver SMS messages only via private network 304; a preference to deliver SMS messages only via public network 302; a preference to deliver SMS messages via both private network 304 and public network 302 (e.g., to copy SMS messages on both networks); a preference to deliver SMS messages via a preferred network (e.g., configured by the user); a preference to deliver SMS messages via public network 302 when UE 306 is not associated with private network 304; and / or any other delivery configuration.

[0079] In some aspects, delivery preferences in the UE subscription policy may include delivering SMS messages via private network 304, and private SMSF 318 may perform action 336 to determine whether UE 306 is available on private network 304. In some examples, private SMSF 318 may attempt to page UE 306 (e.g., using private AMF 316), and in action 338 receive an indication that UE 306 is not available on private network 304.

[0080] In action 340, the dedicated SMSF 318 can obtain information from the dedicated DN-AAA 314 regarding any public network (e.g., public network 302) associated with UE 306. In some aspects, the dedicated SMSF 318 can obtain one or more public identifiers associated with UE 306 from the dedicated DN-AAA 314. In some examples, the dedicated SMSF 318 can obtain information identifying public network 302, such as realminformation, domain information, routing information, one or more IP addresses (e.g., the IP address of public SMSF 312), etc.

[0081] Based on the UE subscription policy and information obtained from the private DN-AAA 314, in action 342, the private SMSF 318 may forward an SMS message directed to a private identifier associated with UE 306 to the public SMSF 312 for delivery via the public network 302. In action 344, the public SMSF 312 may forward the message to the public AMF 308 for delivery to UE 306. In some aspects, the public SMSF 312 may extract the payload portion of the SMS message (e.g., user data) and forward the payload to the public AMF 308. In some cases, the public SMSF 312 may provide the public AMF 308 with an indication that the SMS message was directed to a private identifier associated with UE 306 on the private network 304.

[0082] In some respects, UE 306 may be in an idle state, and public AMF 308 may perform action 345 and page UE 306 using a public identifier associated with UE 306 on public network 302. In other respects, UE 306 may be in a connected state (e.g., or enter a connected state after paging), and public AMF 308 may deliver SMS messages to UE 306. In some examples, a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) protocol may be used to deliver an SMS message container to UE 306. For example, the SMS message container may be included as part of the payload of a downlink NAS transmission message. In some cases, the message to UE 306 may include an indication that the SMS message was routed from private network 304 to UE 306 (e.g., the message was directed to a private identifier).

[0083] In action 350, UE 306 can receive an SMS message indicating that the SMS message was sent to a private identifier (e.g., associated with private network 304) and delivered to UE 306 via public network 302. In action 352, public SMSF 312 can send a message to private SMSF 318 indicating that the SMS message was successfully delivered to UE 306. In some examples, public SMSF 312 can receive an indication of successful delivery from public AMF 308.

[0084] In action 354, a user can compose an SMS message using UE 306, which can be directed to a radio device located outside the public network 302. In some aspects, UE 306 can send an SMS message to the public AMF 308, which is directed to a user identifier associated with a device on the private network 304. In some examples, an uplink NAS transport message including an SMS container can be used to send the SMS message. In action 356, the public AMF 308 can forward the SMS message to the public SMS 312. In action 358, the public SMS 312 can send the SMS message to the private SMS 318 for delivery to the UE associated with the private network 304. In some examples, the SMS message can be delivered along with an indication that it originates from a private network identifier associated with UE 306 (e.g., the origin address of the SMS message could be the private identifier of UE 306). In some respects, SMS messages can be delivered along with an indication that they originate from a public network identifier associated with UE 306 (e.g., the origin address of the SMS message could be a public identifier of UE 306).

[0085] In some examples, UE 306 may become disconnected from public network 302. For example, in action 360, public AMF 308 may detect that UE 306 is no longer connected to public network 302. In action 362, public AMF 308 may send a message to private DN-AAA 314 (e.g., via a public SMF such as SMF 152) indicating that UE 306 is not connected to or associated with public network 302. In some examples, the message to private DN-AAA 314 may correspond to a Remote Authentication Dial-In Subscriber Service (RADIUS) protocol message (e.g., billing stop). In action 364, DN-AAA may remove the public network identifier associated with UE 306. In some examples, SMS messages received on private network 304 after removing the public network identifier of UE 306 from private DN-AAA 314 will be delivered via private network 304.

[0086] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating an example method 400 for performing inter-network messaging between a public 5G wireless network and a private 5G wireless network. At block 402, method 400 may include receiving a first message directed to a first wireless device associated with a first network identifier by a first server on the public 5G mobile network. In some aspects, the first server may correspond to a Short Message Service Function (SMSF) server, such as a public SMSF 218. In some examples, the first message may correspond to a Short Message Service (SMS) message.

[0087] At box 404, method 400 may include a first server determining that a first wireless device is associated with a second network identifier based on a first network identifier, wherein the second network identifier is used to identify the first wireless device on a private 5G mobile network (e.g., private network 202). In some examples, the first server may determine that the first wireless device is inaccessible on a public 5G mobile network. For example, as described with respect to actions 236 and 238, the first server may send a paging message to the first wireless device to determine whether the first wireless device is accessible on a public 5G mobile network.

[0088] At box 406, method 400 may include sending a copy of the first message to a second server on a private 5G mobile network for transmission to a first wireless device via the private 5G mobile network based on a second network identifier. In some aspects, the first server may send a copy of the first message to an SMSF server (e.g., private SMSF212) on the private 5G mobile network. In some examples, the first server may obtain an address corresponding to the second server from a Data Network Authentication, Authorization, and Charging (DN-AAA) server on a public 5G mobile network. In some cases, the copy of the first message may include an indication that the first message was previously directed to a first network identifier (e.g., a network identifier associated with a public 5G mobile network).

[0089] In some aspects, the first server may receive an indication that a copy of the first message has been delivered to the first wireless device (e.g., via a dedicated 5G mobile network). In some examples, the first server may receive a second message directed to the second wireless device from a second server, wherein the second message includes a sender identifier corresponding to a second network identifier used to identify the first wireless device on a dedicated 5G mobile network. In some examples, the first server may send a copy of the second message to the second wireless device, wherein the sender identifier in the copy of the second message corresponds to the first network identifier.

[0090] Figure 5This is a flowchart illustrating an example method 500 for performing inter-network messaging between a public 5G wireless network and a private 5G wireless network. At block 502, method 500 may include obtaining a subscription policy associated with a wireless device having a first network identifier corresponding to a first network, wherein the subscription policy includes at least one messaging preference associated with a second network identifier corresponding to a second network. In some cases, the first network may correspond to a public 5G mobile network, and the second network may correspond to a private 5G mobile network. In some examples, the subscription policy may be obtained by a private AMF (e.g., AMF 208) from a private UDM (e.g., UDM 210). In some aspects, at least one messaging preference may be based on user preferences obtained from the wireless device.

[0091] In box 504, method 500 may include initiating an authentication session between the wireless device and a server on a second network, wherein the authentication session associates a first network identifier with a second network identifier on the server. In some examples, the authentication session may include auxiliary authentication between the wireless device and a data network authentication, authorization, and accounting (DN-AAA) server on the second network.

[0092] In some aspects, method 500 may include receiving a first message (e.g., an SMS message or a payload from an SMS message) directed to a wireless device having a first network identifier, and sending a copy of the first message to the wireless device, wherein the copy of the first message includes an indication that the first message was directed to the first network identifier. For example, dedicated AMF 208 may receive an SMS message that was directed to a public network identifier associated with UE 206. Dedicated AMF 208 may send a copy of the SMS message or an SMS message payload to UE 206. In some examples, a non-access stratum (NAS) protocol may be used to send the copy of the first message. For example, the SMS message payload may be included as part of a downlink NAS transmission message.

[0093] This disclosure now turns to Figure 6 and Figure 7 It shows example network and computing devices, such as switches, routers, nodes, servers, client devices, coordinators, etc.

[0094] Figure 6An example network device 600 suitable for performing switching, routing, load balancing, and other networking operations is shown. Network device 600 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 604, an interface 602, and a bus 610 (e.g., a PCI bus). When operating under the control of appropriate software or firmware, CPU 604 is responsible for performing packet management, error detection, and / or routing functions. CPU 604 preferably implements all these functions under the control of software including an operating system and any suitable application software. CPU 604 may include one or more processors 608, such as processors from the Intel x86 family of microprocessors. In some cases, processor 608 may be specially designed hardware for controlling the operation of network device 600. In some cases, memory 606 (e.g., non-volatile RAM, ROM, etc.) is also formed part of CPU 604. However, there are many different ways to couple memory into the system.

[0095] Interface 602 is typically provided as a modular interface card (sometimes called a "line card"). Typically, they control the sending and receiving of data packets on the network and sometimes support other peripheral devices used with network device 600. Available interfaces include Ethernet interfaces, Frame Relay interfaces, cable interfaces, DSL interfaces, token ring interfaces, etc. In addition, a variety of very high-speed interfaces can be provided, such as Fast Token Ring interfaces, wireless interfaces, Ethernet interfaces, Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, ATM interfaces, HSSI interfaces, POS interfaces, FDDI interfaces, WIFI interfaces, 3G / 4G / 5G cellular interfaces, CAN bus, LoRA, radio frequency (RF) interfaces, DOCSIS interfaces, etc. Typically, these interfaces may include ports suitable for communication with the appropriate media. In some cases, they may also include a separate processor, and in others, volatile RAM. The separate processor can control communication-intensive tasks such as packet switching, media control, signal processing, encryption processing, and management. By providing a separate processor for communication-intensive tasks, these interfaces allow the main CPU (e.g., 604) to efficiently perform routing calculations, network diagnostics, security functions, etc.

[0096] Although Figure 6 The system shown is a specific network device of this disclosure, but it is by no means the only network device architecture on which this disclosure can be implemented. For example, an architecture with a single processor for handling communication and routing calculations is often used. In addition, other types of interfaces and media can also be used with network device 600.

[0097] Regardless of the network device's configuration, it may employ one or more memories or memory modules (including memory 606) configured to store program instructions for general network operations and mechanisms for the roaming, routing optimization, and routing functions described herein. For example, program instructions may control the operation of an operating system and / or one or more applications. One or more memories may also be configured to store tables such as mobility binding, registration, and association tables. Memory 606 may also hold various software containers, as well as virtualized execution environments and data.

[0098] Network device 600 may also include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that can be configured to perform routing and / or switching operations. For example, the ASIC can communicate with other components in network device 600 via bus 610 to exchange data and signals and coordinate various types of operations of network device 600, such as routing, switching, and / or data storage operations.

[0099] In some examples, the processes described herein (e.g., processes 300, 400, and / or other processes described herein) may be performed by a computing device or apparatus. In one example, process 300 may be performed by a device having Figure 6 The computing device of the computing system 600 shown is used to perform the operation. For example, the CCAP core and / or RPD may include a computer architecture similar to that of the computing system 600 and can implement the operation of process 300.

[0100] Figure 7 An example computing system 700 for implementing certain aspects of the present technology is shown. In this example, the components of system 700 communicate electrically with each other using a connection 706 such as a bus. System 700 includes a processing unit (CPU or processor) 704 and connections 706 that couple various system components to processor 704, including memory 720, such as read-only memory (ROM) 718 and random access memory (RAM) 716.

[0101] System 700 may include a cache of high-speed memory that is directly connected to, closely adjacent to, or integrated into processor 704. System 700 may copy data from memory 720 and / or storage device 708 to cache 702 for fast access by processor 704. In this way, the cache can provide performance improvements by avoiding delays for processor 704 while waiting for data. These and other modules may control or be configured to control processor 704 to perform various actions. Other memory 720 may also be used. Memory 720 may include multiple different types of memory with different performance characteristics. Processor 704 may include any general-purpose processor and hardware or software services, such as services 1710, 2712, and 3714 stored in storage device 708, which are configured to control processor 704 as well as dedicated processors, where software instructions are incorporated into the actual processor design. Processor 704 may be a fully self-contained computing system containing multiple cores or processors, buses, memory controllers, caches, etc. Multi-core processors may be symmetric or asymmetric.

[0102] To enable users to interact with the computing system 700, input device 722 can represent any number of input mechanisms, such as a microphone for voice, a touchscreen for gesture or graphical input, a keyboard, a mouse, motion input, voice, etc. Output device 724 can also be one or more of many output mechanisms known to those skilled in the art. In some cases, a multi-mode system allows users to provide multiple types of input to communicate with the computing system 700. Communication interface 726 typically controls and manages user input and system output. There are no limitations on operation for any particular hardware arrangement, so the basic features described herein can be readily replaced by improved hardware or firmware arrangements as they are developed.

[0103] Storage device 708 is a non-volatile memory and may be a hard disk or other type of computer-readable medium that can store data accessible by a computer, such as a magnetic tape cassette, flash memory card, solid-state memory device, digital multifunction disk, magnetic tape cassette, random access memory (RAM) 716, read-only memory (ROM) 718, and combinations thereof.

[0104] Storage device 708 may include services 710, 712, 714 for controlling processor 704. Other hardware or software modules are contemplated. Storage device 708 may be connected to connection 706. In one aspect, a hardware module performing a specific function may include software components stored in a computer-readable medium that combine with necessary hardware components (e.g., processor 704, connection 706, output device 724, etc.) to perform said function.

[0105] For clarity, in some cases, this technology may be presented as comprising individual functional blocks, including functional blocks containing devices, device components, steps, or routines in a method implemented in software or a combination of hardware and software.

[0106] In some embodiments, computer-readable storage devices, media, and memories may include cables or wireless signals containing bit streams, etc. However, when referred to, non-transitory computer-readable storage media explicitly excludes media such as energy, carrier signals, electromagnetic waves, and the signals themselves.

[0107] The methods according to the examples described above can be implemented using computer-executable instructions, which are stored in or otherwise made available from a computer-readable medium. Such instructions may include, for example, instructions and data that cause a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or special-purpose processing device to perform a particular function or group of functions. Some of the computer resources used may be accessible via a network. The computer-executable instructions may be, for example, binary code, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, firmware, or source code. Examples of computer-readable media that may be used to store instructions, information used, and / or information created during the methods according to the examples include hard disks or optical disks, flash memory, USB devices equipped with non-volatile memory, networked storage devices, etc.

[0108] Devices implementing the methods according to these disclosures may include hardware, firmware, and / or software, and may take any of a variety of form factors. Typical examples of such form factors include laptops, smartphones, minicomputers, personal digital assistants, rack-mount devices, standalone devices, etc. The functionality described herein may also be implemented in peripheral devices or interposer cards. As a further example, such functionality may also be implemented on a circuit board between different chips or between different processes executing in a single device.

[0109] These instructions, the medium for transmitting these instructions, the computing resources for executing these instructions, and other structures for supporting these computing resources are means for providing the functionality described in these disclosures.

[0110] Although various examples and other information have been used to interpret aspects within the scope of the appended claims, no limitation on the claims should be implied based on specific features or arrangements in these examples, as those skilled in the art will be able to derive various implementations from these examples. Furthermore, although some subjects have been described in language specific to structural features and / or method steps, it should be understood that the subjects defined in the appended claims are not necessarily limited to these described features or actions. For example, such functionality may be distributed differently or performed in components other than those identified herein. Rather, the described features and steps are disclosed as examples of components and methods of systems within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for message passing between wireless networks, comprising: A first message, directed to a first wireless device associated with a first network identifier, is received by a first server on a public 5G mobile network. The first server determines that the first wireless device is associated with a second network identifier based on the first network identifier, wherein the second network identifier is used to identify the first wireless device on a dedicated 5G mobile network; Determine a delivery preference associated with the first wireless device, wherein the delivery preference indicates that the first message is delivered to the first wireless device via the first network identifier of the first wireless device on the public 5G mobile network, via the second network identifier of the first wireless device on the private 5G mobile network, or via both the first network identifier and the second network identifier of the first wireless device on both the public and private 5G mobile networks; and The first message is transmitted to the first wireless device based on the delivery preference, wherein when the delivery preference indicates that the first message will be delivered to the first wireless device via the second network identifier, the transmission includes sending a copy of the first message to a second server on the dedicated 5G mobile network for transmission to the first wireless device via the dedicated 5G mobile network.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first server includes a Short Message Service Function (SMSF) server.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: Obtain the address corresponding to the second server from the Data Network Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (DN-AAA) server on the public 5G mobile network.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: The first server determines that the first wireless device is inaccessible on the public 5G mobile network.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: The second server receives an indication that a copy of the first message has been delivered to the first wireless device.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The first message includes a Short Message Service (SMS) message.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The copy of the first message includes an indication that the first message was previously directed to the first network identifier.

8. The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: Receive a second message directed to the second wireless device from the second server, wherein the second message includes a sender identifier corresponding to a second network identifier used to identify the first wireless device on the dedicated 5G mobile network; and A copy of the second message is sent to the second wireless device, wherein the sender identifier in the copy of the second message corresponds to the first network identifier.

9. A network device, comprising: One or more processors; as well as At least one computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations: A first message, directed to a first wireless device associated with a first network identifier, is received by a first server on a public 5G mobile network. The first server determines that the first wireless device is associated with a second network identifier based on the first network identifier, wherein the second network identifier is used to identify the first wireless device on a dedicated 5G mobile network; Determine a delivery preference associated with the first wireless device, wherein the delivery preference indicates that the first message is delivered to the first wireless device via the first network identifier of the first wireless device on the public 5G mobile network, via the second network identifier of the first wireless device on the private 5G mobile network, or via both the first network identifier and the second network identifier of the first wireless device on both the public and private 5G mobile networks; and The first message is transmitted to the first wireless device based on the delivery preference, wherein when the delivery preference indicates that the first message will be delivered to the first wireless device via the second network identifier, the transmission includes sending a copy of the first message to a second server on the dedicated 5G mobile network for transmission to the first wireless device via the dedicated 5G mobile network.

10. The network device according to claim 9, wherein, The first server includes a Short Message Service Function (SMSF) server.

11. The network device according to claim 9 or 10, obtaining the address corresponding to the second server from the data network authentication, authorization and accounting (DN-AAA) server on the public 5G mobile network.

12. The network device of claim 9 or 10, further comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations: The first server determines that the first wireless device is inaccessible on the public 5G mobile network.

13. The network device of claim 9, wherein the at least one computer-readable storage medium stores instructions, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the network device to perform the following operations: The second server receives an indication that a copy of the first message has been delivered to the first wireless device.

14. The network device according to claim 13, wherein, The copy of the first message includes an indication that the first message was previously directed to the first network identifier.

15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, causing the one or more processors to perform the following operations: A first message, directed to a first wireless device associated with a first network identifier, is received by a first server on a public 5G mobile network. The first server determines that the first wireless device is associated with the second network identifier based on the first network identifier, wherein, The second network identifier is used to identify the first wireless device on a dedicated 5G mobile network; Determine a delivery preference associated with the first wireless device, wherein the delivery preference indicates that the first message is delivered to the first wireless device via the first network identifier of the first wireless device on the public 5G mobile network, via the second network identifier of the first wireless device on the private 5G mobile network, or via both the first network identifier and the second network identifier of the first wireless device on both the public and private 5G mobile networks; and The first message is transmitted to the first wireless device based on the delivery preference, wherein when the delivery preference indicates that the first message will be delivered to the first wireless device via the second network identifier, the transmission includes sending a copy of the first message to a second server on the dedicated 5G mobile network for transmission to the first wireless device via the dedicated 5G mobile network.

16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations: Obtain the address corresponding to the second server from the Data Network Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (DN-AAA) server on the public 5G mobile network.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 or 16, further comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations: The first server determines that the first wireless device is inaccessible on the public 5G mobile network.

18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 or 16, further comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations: The second server receives an indication that a copy of the first message has been delivered to the first wireless device.

19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15 or 16, wherein, The copy of the first message includes an indication that the first message was previously directed to the first network identifier.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 or 16, further comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations: Receive a second message from the second server that is directed to the second wireless device, wherein... The second message includes a sender identifier corresponding to a second network identifier used to identify the first wireless device on the dedicated 5G mobile network; as well as A copy of the second message is sent to the second wireless device, wherein the sender identifier in the copy of the second message corresponds to the first network identifier.

Images