A pneumatic cone-hole wheel-type small-size single-grain precision seed metering device

Abstract

The present invention relates to a pneumatic conical hole wheel type small-size single-grain precision seed metering device, comprising an outer shell, a seeding wheel, a bearing end cover, a bearing, a seed unloading plug and a drive shaft. The outer shell comprises an air chamber, a seed bin and a seed filling chamber. The bearing is mounted on one side of the main shell and fixed by a boss and a bearing end cover. The drive shaft passes through the bearing and the seeding wheel. The seeding wheel is axially positioned by a retaining spring and cooperates with the air chamber of the outer shell. Conical holes are evenly distributed on the circumference of the seeding wheel. The bottom of each conical hole is opened to form a transverse vent to form a passage that communicates with the air flow channel in the outer shell. The seed unloading plug is mounted at the rear of the outer shell for unloading seeds. The seeding device can be divided into a seed collection area, a seed carrying area, a seeding area and a transition area according to the working area. The seeds are adsorbed on the conical holes under the action of negative pressure in the seed collection area, and are seeded under the action of positive pressure and gravity in the seeding area. The present invention can effectively improve the working efficiency of the seeding device and reduce the seed breakage rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sowing in agricultural machinery, in particular to a pneumatic tapered hole wheel type small-diameter single-grain precision seed metering device. Background Art

[0002] Precision seeding is an advanced form of mechanized seeding. It involves precisely placing qualified seeds individually into the seed furrow according to agronomically specified seeding rates and row spacing, then covering with an appropriate amount of soil and pressing down the soil. This method achieves mechanized intensive cultivation, ensuring uniform seed spacing and consistent seeding depth. It is a key component of the development of intelligent agricultural machinery. Compared to traditional seeding, precision seeding offers several advantages, including reduced seeding costs, reduced thinning labor, and increased yields. Precision seeding effectively controls the number of seeds placed in the soil per unit time, avoiding the waste of resources caused by reseeding. Furthermore, precision seeding ensures a more even seed distribution, thereby increasing crop yields.

[0003] The performance of the seed meter directly impacts seed growth. Currently, mechanical perforated wheel seed meters are the most common on the market, widely used due to their simple structure and low production costs. However, as modern agriculture places increasing demands on seed metering speed and accuracy, the shortcomings of these devices are becoming increasingly apparent. The mechanical socket wheel type seed meter uses the gravity of the seeds to complete seed filling. When the seed filling speed increases, the seeds may not be able to enter the sockets smoothly, resulting in seed filling failure; the mechanical socket wheel type seed meter adopts a forced seed clearing method when clearing seeds to block the seeds from entering the seed carrying area, but forced seed clearing will cause damage to the seeds; the mechanical socket wheel type seed meter relies entirely on gravity to let the seeds fall during seeding, and the stuck seeds are forced to be discharged by the seed cleaning piece, which will not only cause damage to the seeds but also lead to uneven seeding; and the mechanical socket type seed meter on the market is mostly suitable for large and medium-sized seeds. For small-sized seeds, they are mostly sown in the form of hole sowing and row sowing, and single-seed sowing cannot be achieved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a pneumatic conical-hole wheel-type small-size seed single-grain precision seed meter that is suitable for small-size crop seeds such as rapeseed and Chinese cabbage and has a low seed breakage rate. The device combines the characteristics of mechanical and pneumatic seed meters, utilizes the principle of negative pressure seed collection and carrying and positive pressure seeding, improves the sowing uniformity of the seed meter, increases the working speed, and at the same time improves the applicability of the seed meter to seeds of small-size vegetables such as rapeseed and Chinese cabbage.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A pneumatic tapered wheel-type small-size single-grain precision seed metering device comprises an outer shell and a seeding wheel. The outer shell is a hollow shell and includes a seed bin, a seed filling chamber and an air chamber. A horizontal partition is horizontally arranged between the seed bin and the seed filling chamber, and a communication port is opened on one side of the horizontal partition.

[0007] The seed filling chamber is located below the seed bin and is provided with an air chamber on one side. The air chamber includes two concentric annular partitions. The front sides of the two annular partitions are in close contact with one side of the seed wheel. An annular cavity is formed between the two annular partitions. A plurality of short partitions are provided in the annular cavity. The plurality of short partitions divide the annular cavity into a seed taking and carrying area, a seed throwing area and a transition area. The seed throwing area is located below the annular cavity, and the transition area is located between the seed taking and carrying area and the seed throwing area. An air outlet is provided on the shell outside the seed taking and carrying area, and an air inlet is provided on the shell outside the seed throwing area.

[0008] The seeding wheel is vertically arranged on the outside of the air chamber, and the seeding wheel can rotate relative to the outer shell. The seeding wheel includes a side plate and an annular bar. A through hole for connecting the rotating shaft is opened at the center of the side plate. The annular bar is fixed to the side plate and is located in the annular cavity. A plurality of horizontal blind holes are evenly opened on the front of the annular bar, and a plurality of conical holes are evenly opened on the outer side of the annular bar. The conical holes correspond to the horizontal blind holes one by one, and the conical holes are connected to the corresponding horizontal blind holes. The conical holes, horizontal blind holes and the annular cavity together form a gas channel, and one end of the gas channel is a conical hole, and the other end is an air inlet / air outlet.

[0009] When the horizontal blind hole rotates to a position connected to the seed taking and carrying area, the corresponding conical hole forms a negative pressure to adsorb the seeds. When the horizontal blind hole rotates to a position connected to the seed throwing area, the corresponding conical hole forms a positive pressure to release the adsorbed seeds.

[0010] Furthermore, the central angle range of the seed taking and carrying area is 270°-280°, and the central angle range of the seed throwing area is 30°-50°.

[0011] Furthermore, a seed unloading port is provided below the outer shell and on one side of the seed metering device, and a seed unloading plug is provided at the seed unloading port.

[0012] Furthermore, the diameter of the tapered hole is smaller than the diameter of the seed.

[0013] Furthermore, a slope is provided on the back side of the interior of the seed filling chamber below the horizontal partition, the axis of the slope is perpendicular to the axis of the horizontal partition, the slope is inclined from the side away from the seed wheel to the side close to the seed wheel, and the slope angle is greater than the natural repose angle of the crop seeds.

[0014] Furthermore, a circle of annular baffles is respectively provided on the inner and outer sides of the annular strip, and the two circles of annular baffles cooperate with the two annular partitions to form an annular cavity, and the conical hole passes through the outer annular baffle.

[0015] Furthermore, the air outlet is used to connect to the negative pressure end of the fan, and the air inlet is used to connect to the positive pressure end of the fan.

[0016] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0017] 1. The present invention can realize the precise sowing of small-size seeds such as rapeseed and Chinese cabbage.

[0018] 2. The present invention realizes the seeding function by utilizing the principle of negative pressure seed suction and seed carrying and positive pressure seed dropping, thereby reducing the seed breakage rate, and at the same time can increase the rotation speed of the seeding wheel and improve the working efficiency of the seeding device.

[0019] 3. The present invention adopts the form of single seed sowing, which can effectively improve the uniformity of seeds and improve the qualified index of sowing.

[0020] 4. The present invention has a simple structure, is easy to install and disassemble, is lightweight and has a small size.

[0021] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is an exploded view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a front side sectional view (axonometric) of the outer shell of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 A top view of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the division of the air chamber area of ​​the outer shell of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the seed wheel structure of the present invention.

[0027] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are as follows:

[0028] 1. Outer shell; 2. Horizontal partition; 3. Circular partition; 4. Short partition; 5. Side plate; 6. Annular bar; 7. Conical hole; 8. Horizontal blind hole; 9. Slope; 10. Air outlet; 11. Air inlet; 12. Circular baffle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", "clockwise" and "counterclockwise" and the like to indicate directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, a pneumatic tapered hole wheel type small-size single-grain precision seed metering device includes an outer shell 1, a seed metering wheel, a bearing, a bearing end cover, a seed unloading plug plate and a drive shaft.

[0032] like Figure 2-4 As shown, the outer shell includes an air chamber, a seed bin and a seed filling chamber. The center of the air chamber is provided with a bearing hole for installing a bearing. The outside of the air chamber is provided with two circular hole bosses. The air outlet 10 is located in the seed carrying area, and the air inlet 11 is located in the seed throwing area. The inner wall of the circular hole boss is provided with an internal thread for installing a PC quick connector to provide negative pressure for suction of seeds for seed taking area I and seed carrying area II, and positive pressure for seed throwing for seed throwing area III. The air chamber includes a two-stage circular partition 3, and the inner side of the two-stage circular partition is divided into multiple parts by a short partition 4. The air chamber channel is an arc-shaped area, in which the seed taking area I and the seed carrying area II are negative pressure channels, and the seed throwing area III is a positive pressure channel. A horizontal partition 2 is provided in the outer shell, and its function is to separate the seed chamber part into two areas, the seed storage area and the seed filling area, and to ensure that the seed layer height in the seed filling area is always consistent. A slope 9 is provided on the side of the bottom of the seed chamber part close to the air chamber part. The slope angle is greater than the natural repose angle of the crop seeds to ensure that the seeds can enter the seed wheel side of the seed taking area I. There is a square hole at the rear of the outer shell for installing the seed unloading plug.

[0033] like Figure 5As shown, the seed wheel is annular cylindrical, including annular bars 6 and side plates 5, the center of the side plates 5 is a hexagonal hole, and axial positioning is completed by a hexagonal shaft and a retaining spring; conical holes 7 are evenly distributed on its circumferential outer surface, and its size and depth are slightly smaller than the seed size, so that the number of seeds adsorbed on the conical hole each time is one, and the bottom of the conical hole is opened and a horizontal blind hole 8 is opened. The outer ring and the inner ring on the inner side of the seed wheel are respectively provided with a first-level annular baffle 12, which cooperate with the two-level annular partitions of the inner and outer rings of the air chamber channel of the air chamber part of the outer shell to ensure the air tightness of the air flow channel. When the horizontal blind hole 8 corresponding to the conical hole rotates into the seed taking area I and the seed carrying area II, negative pressure is provided in the air flow channel. When the horizontal blind hole 8 corresponding to the conical hole rotates into the seed throwing area III, positive pressure is provided in the air flow channel.

[0034] The bearing end cover is a circular thin plate, which is installed on the outside of the air chamber part of the main shell by bolts and is used to limit the lateral freedom of the bearing.

[0035] The bearing is installed in a bearing hole on one side of the outer shell, and the inner hole is a hexagonal hole.

[0036] The driving shaft is used for power transmission of the seed meter, and crosses through the bearing and the seed wheel to provide rotational power for the seed meter.

[0037] The seed unloading plug is a square thin plate, which is obliquely inserted into the square hole at the rear of the outer shell when the seed meter is working. After the seed meter is finished working, the seed unloading plug can be taken out to unload the remaining seeds in the seed meter.

[0038] The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0039] When the seed meter is working, the seeds enter the seed filling area from the seed storage area of ​​the seed chamber, and can always enter the seed removal area under the action of the slope at the bottom of the seed chamber. As the seed wheel rotates, the seeds are adsorbed on the conical holes under the action of negative pressure, and the conical holes carry the seeds from the seed removal area to the seed carrying area. When the horizontal blind hole corresponding to the conical hole where the seed is located rotates from the negative pressure area to the positive pressure area, the negative pressure on the seeds is converted into positive pressure, and the seeds are discharged under the combined action of their own gravity and positive pressure, completing one seeding.

[0040] The foregoing is an example of the best mode of carrying out the present invention. Any portion not described in detail herein is common knowledge within the skill of one of ordinary skill in the art. The scope of protection of the present invention is determined by the claims. Any equivalent transformation based on the technical teachings of the present invention is also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic cone-hole wheel type small-size single-grain precision seed metering device, characterized in that: The invention comprises an outer shell (1) and a seed wheel, wherein the outer shell (1) is a hollow shell and comprises a seed bin, a seed filling chamber and an air chamber, a transverse partition (2) is horizontally arranged between the seed bin and the seed filling chamber, and a communication port is opened on one side of the transverse partition (2); The seed filling chamber is provided with an air chamber on one side below the seed bin, and the air chamber includes two concentric annular partitions (3), the front faces of the two annular partitions (3) are in close contact with one side of the seed wheel, and an annular cavity is formed between the two annular partitions (3), and a plurality of short partitions (4) are provided in the annular cavity, and the plurality of short partitions (4) divide the annular cavity into a seed taking and carrying area, a seed dropping area and a transition area, the seed dropping area is located below the annular cavity, and the transition area is located between the seed taking and carrying area and the seed dropping area, an air outlet (10) is provided on the shell outside the seed taking and carrying area, and an air inlet (11) is provided on the shell outside the seed dropping area; The seeding wheel is vertically arranged on the outside of the air chamber, and the seeding wheel can rotate relative to the outer shell (1). The seeding wheel includes a side plate (5) and an annular bar (6). A through hole for connecting a rotating shaft is provided at the center of the side plate (5). The annular bar (6) is fixed on the side plate (5) and is located in the annular cavity. A plurality of horizontal blind holes (8) are evenly provided on the front of the annular bar (6). A plurality of conical holes (7) are evenly provided on the outer side of the annular bar (6). The conical holes (7) correspond to the horizontal blind holes (8) one by one, and the conical holes (7) and the corresponding horizontal blind holes (8) are interconnected. The conical holes (7), the horizontal blind holes (8) and the annular cavity together form a gas channel. One end of the gas channel is the conical hole (7), and the other end is the air inlet (11) / air outlet (10). When the horizontal blind hole (8) is rotated to a position connected to the seed taking and carrying area, the corresponding conical hole (7) forms a negative pressure to adsorb the seeds; when the horizontal blind hole (8) is rotated to a position connected to the seed throwing area, the corresponding conical hole (7) forms a positive pressure to release the adsorbed seeds; A circle of annular baffles (12) is respectively provided on the inner and outer sides of the annular strip (6), and the two circles of annular baffles (12) are respectively tightly matched with the two annular partitions (3) to form an annular cavity, and the conical hole (7) passes through the outer annular baffle (12); A slope (9) is provided on the back side of the seed filling chamber below the transverse partition (2), the axis of the slope (9) and the axis of the transverse partition (2) being perpendicular to each other, the slope (9) being inclined from the side away from the seed wheel to the side close to the seed wheel, and the angle of the slope (9) being greater than the natural repose angle of the crop seeds.

2. The pneumatic tapered wheel type small-size seed single-grain precision seed metering device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The central angle range of the seed taking and carrying area is 270°-280°, and the central angle range of the seed throwing area is 30°-50°.

3. The pneumatic tapered wheel type small-size seed single-grain precision seed metering device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A seed discharge port is provided below the outer shell (1) and on one side of the seed metering device, and a seed discharge plug is provided at the seed discharge port.

4. The pneumatic tapered wheel type small-size seed single-grain precision seed metering device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The diameter of the tapered hole (7) is smaller than the diameter of the seed.

5. The pneumatic tapered wheel type small-size seed single-grain precision seed metering device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The air outlet (10) is used to connect to the negative pressure end of the fan, and the air inlet (11) is used to connect to the positive pressure end of the fan.

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