Acidic compost conditioner and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural chemistry, and specifically relates to an acidic compost conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the acidic compost conditioner provided by the present invention uses lactic acid bacteria to perform anaerobic fermentation on a mixed liquid to obtain an acidic compost conditioner; the mixed liquid includes pomace, bean dregs and water; the dosage ratio of the pomace, bean dregs and water is (125-150) g: (100-150) g: 1 L; the mass of the lactic acid bacteria is 1% to 3% of the total mass of the pomace, bean dregs and water. The present invention can obtain an acidic conditioner rich in lactic acid and lactic acid bacteria by subjecting food residues to fermentation treatment with lactic acid bacteria, and the acidity can be significantly improved. It is used in organic waste composting to reduce the volatilization of ammonia in the composting process, reduce environmental pollution, realize the resource utilization of food residues, and at the same time reduce the cost of reducing ammonia in the composting process, and realize efficient emission reduction of ammonia.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural chemistry, and in particular relates to an acidic compost conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The rapid development of agriculture and animal husbandry in my country has resulted in the generation of a large amount of organic waste such as livestock and poultry manure and crop straw. Composting is the main way to deal with organic waste. However, there is a serious problem of nitrogen loss during the composting process, among which ammonia is the main form of nitrogen loss. Studies have shown that the volatilization of ammonia during the composting process accounts for 16-22% of the initial total nitrogen. The large amount of ammonia emissions will not only cause environmental pollution, but also lead to the loss of nutrients in the compost product.

[0003] At present, the main method is to add some conditioners to the compost material to reduce the volatilization of ammonia and reduce nitrogen loss. However, the production cost of conventional compost conditioners is high, the preparation process is complicated, and they are prone to secondary pollution, making them difficult to promote and use in actual production. For example, Chinese patent CN108821898A discloses a compost conditioner and a preparation method thereof, which comprises multiple ingredients such as superphosphate, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, Bacillus licheniformis, calcium carbonate, borax, silicon dioxide, iron phosphate, urea, starch and vegetable gum, which greatly increases the production cost of the conditioner and indirectly increases the processing cost of the compost; Chinese patent CN107056477A discloses a conditioner for reducing ammonia volatilization during chicken manure composting and a preparation method thereof, wherein the conditioner comprises multiple ingredients such as mushroom residue, peat, vermiculite, straw carbon powder, phosphate rock powder, modified zeolite powder, calcium-based bentonite, wood vinegar, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and microbial agent, in addition, the preparation process of the conditioner needs to go through multiple processes such as crushing, muffle furnace burning, grinding and screening, the preparation process of the conditioner is complicated, difficult to promote and apply, and indirect pollution is easily generated during the preparation process of the conditioner. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides an acidic compost conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof. The acidic compost conditioner provided by the present invention not only has a simple preparation process, low cost, high efficiency and is pollution-free, but also can realize the resource utilization of food residues and the efficient reduction of ammonia emissions.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for preparing an acidic compost conditioner, comprising the following steps:

[0006] The mixed liquid is subjected to anaerobic fermentation by using lactic acid bacteria to obtain an acidic compost conditioner; the mixed liquid comprises pomace, bean dregs and water; the dosage ratio of the pomace, bean dregs and water is (125-150) g: (100-150) g: 1 L; the mass of the lactic acid bacteria is 1%-3% of the total mass of the pomace, bean dregs and water.

[0007] Preferably, the lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus; the concentration of the lactic acid bacteria is 10 9 ~10 10 CFU / mL.

[0008] Preferably, the fermentation method is anaerobic fermentation; the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 35-40°C and the time is 48-72h.

[0009] Preferably, the pomace includes one or more of apple pomace, pear pomace and grape pomace.

[0010] Preferably, the mixed solution is sterilized before the anaerobic fermentation; the sterilization method includes high temperature and high pressure sterilization; the sterilization temperature is 121° C.; and the sterilization time is 20 min.

[0011] The present invention also provides an acidic compost conditioner obtained by the preparation method described in the above technical scheme, wherein the titratable acidity of the acidic compost conditioner can reach 0.069-0.091 mol / L; the acidic compost conditioner can reduce the ammonia volatilization amount during the composting process by 26%.

[0012] The present invention provides application of the acidic compost conditioner described in the above technical solution in reducing ammonia volatilization during composting.

[0013] Preferably, the application includes: mixing the conditioner with organic materials to perform high temperature aerobic composting.

[0014] Preferably, based on the mass of the organic material, the amount of the conditioner added is 200-300 mL / kg.

[0015] Preferably, the organic material includes livestock and poultry manure and / or crop straw; the livestock and poultry manure includes one or more of pig manure, chicken manure and cow manure; the crop straw includes one or more of wheat straw, corn straw and rice straw.

[0016] The present invention provides a method for preparing an acidic compost conditioner, wherein a mixed solution is subjected to anaerobic fermentation by lactic acid bacteria to obtain an acidic compost conditioner; the mixed solution comprises pomace, bean dregs and water; the ratio of the pomace, bean dregs and water is (125-150) g: (100-150) g: 1 L; the mass of the lactic acid bacteria is 1%-3% of the total mass of the pomace, bean dregs and water. The present invention can obtain an acidic conditioner rich in lactic acid and lactic acid bacteria by subjecting food residues to fermentation treatment by lactic acid bacteria, and the acidity can be significantly improved. The acidic conditioner is used in organic waste composting to reduce the volatilization of ammonia in the composting process, reduce environmental pollution, realize resource utilization of food residues, and reduce the cost of reducing ammonia in the composting process to achieve efficient emission reduction of ammonia. The examples show that the acidic conditioner of the present invention can significantly reduce the volatilization of ammonia during the entire composting process. The amount of ammonia volatilization during the entire composting process is reduced by 26% compared with the control group, indicating that the acidic conditioner of the present invention can significantly inhibit the ammonia volatilization process and reduce the environmental pollution caused by ammonia. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The invention provides a method for preparing an acidic compost conditioner, comprising the following steps: performing anaerobic fermentation on a mixed liquid by using lactic acid bacteria to obtain the acidic compost conditioner.

[0018] In the present invention, the mixed liquid includes pomace, bean dregs and water; the dosage ratio of the pomace, bean dregs and water is (125-150) g: (100-150) g: 1L.

[0019] Based on 1L of water, the mixed solution preferably includes 125 to 150g of pomace, more preferably 130 to 140g, and even more preferably 133 to 137g. In the present invention, the pomace preferably includes one or more of apple pomace, pear pomace and grape pomace.

[0020] Based on 1L of water, the mixed solution preferably includes 100 to 150g of okara, more preferably 120 to 140g, and even more preferably 125 to 135g.

[0021] In the present invention, the mass of the lactic acid bacteria is 1% to 3% of the total mass of pomace, bean dregs and water, preferably 1.5% to 2.5%. In the present invention, the lactic acid bacteria are preferably lactobacillus. In the embodiment of the present invention, plant lactobacillus AS1.3 is specifically used, the strain number is ATCC8739, purchased from Shanghai Preservation Biotechnology Center. In the present invention, the lactic acid bacteria are preferably activated in MSR culture medium for 3 days to obtain seed liquid; the mixed liquid is anaerobically fermented with the seed liquid. In the present invention, the concentration of lactic acid bacteria in the seed liquid is preferably 10 9 ~10 10 CFU / mL.

[0022] The present invention preferably mixes fruit residue, bean dregs and water to obtain a mixed liquid. Before the anaerobic fermentation, the present invention sterilizes the mixed liquid and ferments it using lactic acid bacteria to obtain an acidic compost conditioner. In the present invention, the sterilization method preferably includes high temperature and high pressure sterilization; the sterilization temperature is preferably 121°C; the sterilization time is preferably 20 minutes. In the present invention, the anaerobic fermentation temperature is preferably 35-40°C, more preferably 37°C; the anaerobic fermentation time is preferably 48-72h, more preferably 52-60h. In the present invention, after the food residues are briefly fermented by lactic acid bacteria, the acidic conditioner is rich in lactic acid and lactic acid bacteria at the same time, and the acidity is significantly improved.

[0023] The present invention also provides an acidic compost conditioner obtained by the preparation method described in the above technical scheme.

[0024] The present invention also provides the use of the acid compost conditioner described in the above technical solution in reducing ammonia volatilization during composting. In the present invention, the use preferably includes: mixing the acid compost conditioner with organic materials to perform high temperature aerobic composting.

[0025] In the present invention, based on the mass of organic materials, the addition amount of the acidic compost conditioner is preferably 200-300 mL / kg, more preferably 230-270 mL / kg, and more preferably 235-255 mL / kg. In the present invention, the organic materials preferably include livestock and poultry manure and / or crop straw; the livestock and poultry manure preferably includes one or more of pig manure, chicken manure and cow manure; when the livestock and poultry manure includes multiple types of manure, the present invention has no special restrictions on the mass ratio of the multiple types of manure, and any mixing can reach the required total amount of livestock and poultry manure. The crop straw of the present invention preferably includes one or more of wheat straw, corn straw and rice straw; when the crop straw includes multiple types of straw, the present invention has no special restrictions on the mass ratio of the multiple types of straw, and any mixing can reach the required total amount of crop straw. In the present invention, when the organic materials contain livestock and poultry manure and crop straw at the same time, the fresh weight ratio of the livestock and poultry manure to the crop straw is preferably 2-5:1. After the acid compost conditioner is mixed with the organic material, the present invention preferably further comprises adjusting the moisture content of the mixture of the acid compost conditioner and the organic material; the moisture content is preferably 60-65%, more preferably 60%. In the present invention, the time of the high temperature aerobic composting is preferably 28-35 days, more preferably 30-32 days; the initial temperature of the aerobic composting is preferably room temperature, more preferably 35°C. In the present invention, the acid compost conditioner is acidic, wherein H + The components can reduce the pH of compost materials and promote NH 3 (L) To NH 4 + conversion, thereby preventing NH3 (L) converted to NH 3 (g) volatilize into the air. In the present invention, organic acids such as lactic acid can also be used as carbon sources for microorganisms to use, thereby accelerating the NH 3 / NH 4 + Assimilation effect. In the present invention, the lactic acid bacteria component in the acidic compost conditioner can utilize the organic matter components in the compost material to generate organic acid, thereby reducing the pH of the compost material. The acidic compost conditioner of the present invention is used for composting organic waste, which can reduce the volatilization of ammonia during the composting process, reduce environmental pollution, realize the resource utilization of food residues, and at the same time reduce the ammonia reduction cost during the composting process, thereby realizing efficient ammonia emission reduction.

[0026] In order to further illustrate the present invention, an acidic compost conditioner provided by the present invention and its preparation method and application are described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1-1

[0028] Preparation of seed solution: Inoculate lactic acid bacteria AS1.3 into seed liquid culture medium under sterile conditions and culture it anaerobically at 37°C. After 3 days of culture, the number of viable bacteria reaches 10 9 cfu / mL, as seed solution; seed culture medium composition (per L): peptone 10.0 g, beef extract 10.0 g, yeast extract 5.0 g, glucose 20.0 g, sodium acetate trihydrate 5.0 g, diammonium citrate 2.0 g, K 2 HPO 4 2.0 g, MgSO 4 7H 2 O 0.2g, MnSO 4 ·H 2 O 0.04g, Tween-801.0mL, CaCO 3 5.0g, sterilized at 121℃ for 20min.

[0029] Preparation of acidic compost conditioner: 150 g of apple pomace, 150 g of bean dregs and 1000 g of water were mixed, placed in a sealed fermentation tank and sterilized at 121° C. for 20 min, seed liquid was inoculated at 3% of the mass of the mixed liquid, and anaerobically fermented at 37° C. for 72 h to obtain an acidic compost conditioner.

[0030] Example 1-2

[0031] After livestock and poultry manure (pig manure, chicken manure and cow manure) was mixed with crop straw (wheat straw, corn straw and rice straw) in a ratio of 3:1 (fresh weight ratio), the moisture content was adjusted to 60%, and the acidic compost conditioner prepared in Example 1-1 was added to the initial compost material at a ratio of 300 mL / kg, and aerobic composting was carried out for 35 days.

[0032] Example 2-1

[0033] Same as Example 1-1, except that the amount of apple pomace is 125 g and the amount of bean dregs is 125 g.

[0034] Example 2-2

[0035] Same as Example 1-2, except that the acidic compost conditioner prepared in Example 2-1 is used for composting.

[0036] Example 3-1

[0037] Same as Example 1-1, except that the amount of apple pomace is 140 g and the amount of bean dregs is 110 g.

[0038] Example 3-2

[0039] The same as Example 1-2, except that the acidic compost conditioner prepared in Example 3-1 is used for composting.

[0040] Example 4-1

[0041] Same as Example 1-1, except that 150 g of pear residue, 150 g of bean dregs and 1000 g of water are mixed.

[0042] Example 4-2

[0043] The same as Example 1-2, except that the acidic compost conditioner prepared in Example 4-1 is used for composting.

[0044] Example 5-1

[0045] Same as Example 1-1, except that 150 g of grape pomace, 150 g of bean dregs and 1000 g of water are mixed.

[0046] Example 5-2

[0047] Same as Example 1-2, except that the acidic compost conditioner prepared in Example 5-1 is used for composting.

[0048] Comparative Example 1-1

[0049] Same as Example 1-1, except that the amount of apple pomace is 100 g and the amount of bean dregs is 200 g.

[0050] Comparative Example 1-2

[0051] The same as Example 1-2, except that the acidic compost conditioner prepared in Comparative Example 1-1 is used for composting treatment.

[0052] Comparative Example 2-1

[0053] Same as Example 1-1, except that the amount of apple pomace is 80 g and the amount of bean dregs is 220 g.

[0054] Comparative Example 2-2

[0055] The same as Example 1-2, except that the acidic compost conditioner prepared in Comparative Example 2-1 is used for composting treatment.

[0056] Comparative Example 3-1

[0057] Same as Example 1-1, except that the anaerobic fermentation time is 96 hours.

[0058] Comparative Example 3-2

[0059] The same as Example 1-2, except that the composting treatment was carried out using the acidic compost conditioner prepared in Comparative Example 3-1.

[0060] Test Example 1

[0061] The titratable acidity, lactic acid content, lactic acid bacteria count and pH at 0h, 12h, 24h, 48h and 72h during the anaerobic fermentation of Example 1-1, Example 2-1, Example 3-1, Example 4-1, Example 5-1, Comparative Example 1-1, Comparative Example 2-1 and Comparative Example 3-1 were measured.

[0062] The titratable acidity test method was based on GB 12293-1990 Determination of titratable acidity of fruit and vegetable products; the lactic acid content was determined using a lactic acid detection kit purchased from Beijing Box Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; the number of viable lactic acid bacteria was determined using the plate count method: the culture solution was diluted to 10 with sterile water. -5 , 10 -6 The plate culture medium used MSR solid culture medium. The diluted culture solution was evenly spread on the plate culture medium on the clean bench and placed in 37℃ anaerobic culture for 3 days. The live bacterial colonies on the plate culture medium were counted. The pH was measured by inserting a pH meter into the culture medium. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 8.

[0063] Table 1 Changes of main active ingredients in the anaerobic culture of acid compost conditioner in Example 1-1

[0064]

[0065] Table 2 Changes of main active ingredients in comparative example 1-1 during anaerobic culture of acid compost conditioner

[0066]

[0067] Tables 1 and 2 show that after the anaerobic fermentation of the acid compost conditioner in Example 1-1 of the present invention, the titratable acidity can reach 0.09 mol / L, and the acidity is increased by 9 times, wherein the lactic acid content accounts for 78.01% of the total acidity, and the number of viable lactic acid bacteria reaches 10 6 cfu / mL. After the anaerobic fermentation of the acid compost conditioner in comparative example 1-1 was completed, the titratable acidity was 0.06 mol / L, and the acidity increased by 5 times, of which the lactic acid content accounted for 93.7% of the total acidity, and the number of lactic acid bacteria reached 1.97×10 6 cfu·mL -1 .

[0068] Table 3 Changes of main active ingredients in the anaerobic culture of acid compost conditioner in Example 2-1

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] Table 4 Changes of main active ingredients in the anaerobic culture of acid compost conditioner in Example 3-1

[0072]

[0073] Table 5 Changes of main active ingredients in the anaerobic culture of acid compost conditioner in Example 4-1

[0074]

[0075] Table 6 Changes of main active ingredients in the anaerobic culture of acid compost conditioner in Example 5-1

[0076]

[0077] Table 7 Changes of main active ingredients in comparative example 2-1 during anaerobic culture of acid compost conditioner

[0078]

[0079] Table 8 Changes of main active ingredients in comparative example 3-1 during anaerobic culture of acid compost conditioner

[0080]

[0081] It can be concluded from Test Example 1 that, compared with the comparative example, the number of live lactic acid bacteria in the acidic compost conditioner of the present invention during anaerobic culture is significantly increased, and the lactic acid content and titratable acidity are significantly increased.

[0082] Test Example 2

[0083] The ammonia volatilization of Example 1-2 during composting was measured at 0d, 7d, 14d, 21d, 28d and 35d respectively, using the boric acid absorption method, and a control treatment without adding any substance and an experimental treatment with only adding food residues (150g of apple residue and 150g of bean dregs) were set. The measurement results are shown in Table 3.

[0084] Table 3 Ammonia volatilization during composting process of Example 1-2

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] It can be seen from the above embodiments and comparative examples that the acidic compost conditioner of the present invention can significantly reduce the volatilization of ammonia during the overall composting process. The amount of ammonia volatilization during the entire composting process is reduced by 26% compared to not adding the acidic conditioner. The addition of the acidic conditioner of the present invention can significantly inhibit the ammonia volatilization process and reduce the environmental pollution caused by ammonia.

[0088] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Other embodiments can be obtained based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an acidic compost conditioner, It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: The mixed solution is subjected to anaerobic fermentation by lactic acid bacteria to obtain an acidic compost conditioner; the mixed solution is fruit residue, bean residue and water; the usage ratio of the fruit residue, bean residue and water is (125-150) g: (100-150) g: 1 L; the mass of the lactic acid bacteria is 1%-3% of the total mass of the fruit residue, bean residue and water; The temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 35-40°C and the time is 48-72h; The lactic acid bacteria are lactobacilli; The pomace is one or more of apple pomace, pear pomace and grape pomace.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The concentration of the lactic acid bacteria is 10 9 ~10 10 CFU / mL.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The mixed solution is sterilized before the anaerobic fermentation; the sterilization method includes high temperature and high pressure sterilization; the sterilization temperature is 121° C.; and the sterilization time is 20 minutes.

4. The acidic compost conditioner obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The titratable acidity of the acidic composting conditioner reaches 0.069-0.091 mol / L; the acidic composting conditioner reduces the ammonia volatilization amount during the composting process by 26%.

5. Use of the acidic compost conditioner according to claim 4 in reducing ammonia volatilization during composting.

6. The use according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The application comprises: mixing the conditioner with organic materials to perform high temperature aerobic composting.

7. The use according to claim 6, It is characterized in that Based on the mass of the organic material, the amount of the conditioner added is 200-300 mL / kg.

8. The use according to claim 6 or 7, It is characterized in that The organic materials include livestock and poultry manure and / or crop straws; the livestock and poultry manure includes one or more of pig manure, chicken manure and cow manure; the crop straws include one or more of wheat straws, corn straws and rice straws.

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