A biological channel adapted to animals with different swimming behaviors

Abstract

The present invention provides a biological passage adapted to animals with different swimming behaviors, comprising a river-blocking structure arranged on a river channel and a biological passage arranged in conjunction with the river channel; the biological passage is connected to the river-blocking structure; the biological passage comprises channel one, channel two, and channel three, and channel one, channel two, and channel three can be arranged vertically in a mixed arrangement or arranged horizontally side by side. The present invention provides an effective passage along the river-blocking structure to different habitats along the river bank with different water depths, different flow rates, different flow states, and different bottom types, so that different animals can choose to enter. The passage can also provide an effective passage across the river-blocking structure to different habitats for different fish species, fish of different sizes, aquatic insects, shrimps, crabs, and amphibians such as frogs and snakes in the same river, so that different animals can choose to enter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a biological channel adapted to animals with different swimming behaviors, and belongs to the technical field of river animal protection. Background Art

[0002] The water-food-energy nexus is central to sustainable development, with the three interdependent and mutually constraining. Driven by continued global population growth, rapidly increasing urbanization rates, and economic growth, the demand for water, food, and energy continues to rise, accompanied by the accelerated implementation of infrastructure such as irrigation and hydropower. However, river-blocking structures used to divert or store water hinder the free movement of animals, who are highly dependent on river habitat connectivity to support their growth, wintering, spawning, mating, and refuge.

[0003] Aquatic animal channels are an engineering technology used to restore the connectivity of river habitats. They are biological channels that help fish, benthic animals, and amphibians to complete biological behaviors by passing through river-blocking structures such as dams, weirs, and gates to move freely upstream and downstream. In the prior art, river biological channels are mostly only targeted at mature individuals of some fish species, without considering other animals with different swimming behaviors in the same river. For example, the invention patent with application number CN201810115117.2 discloses a natural-simulated fishway adapted to fish with different swimming abilities. The natural-simulated fishway provides upstream channels for fish with different swimming abilities by creating diverse flow rates. Another example is the invention patent with application number CN202010742932.9, which discloses a natural-simulated fishway suitable for different target fish species, which can provide migration channels for fish with different swimming abilities and different body sizes.

[0004] The aforementioned patents are characterized by creating varying flow rates to provide upstream passages for fish species of varying swimming abilities and sizes. However, the same river often harbors a diverse array of animals, whose swimming behaviors vary significantly depending on species and size. For example, fish of different sizes within the same species may have varying swimming abilities and the current speeds they can overcome; different fish species prefer different water depths and habitats; aquatic insects, shrimp, crabs, and other arthropods can wriggle or crawl in shallow water; and amphibians, such as frogs and snakes, have the ability to climb slopes.

[0005] Therefore, although the above patent can provide an upstream channel for fish with different swimming abilities, it does not take other animals in the river into consideration. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a biological channel that is adapted to animals with different swimming behaviors. The biological channel that is adapted to animals with different swimming behaviors can not only provide upstream channels for fish of different species and sizes, but also provide other river animals with a biological channel that can overcome the obstructions of river-blocking structures and travel back and forth in different river environments.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0008] The present invention provides a biological channel adapted to animals with different swimming behaviors, comprising a river-blocking structure arranged on a river channel and a biological channel arranged in conjunction with the river channel; the biological channel is connected to the river-blocking structure; the biological channel comprises channel one, channel two and channel three, and channel one, channel two and channel three can be arranged in a mixed vertical arrangement or arranged side by side horizontally.

[0009] The water level upstream of the dam structure is higher than the water level downstream.

[0010] The biological channel is arranged along the bank around the river-blocking structure or across the river-blocking structure.

[0011] The water inlets of Channel 1, Channel 2 and Channel 3 are all located upstream of the river-blocking structure, and the water outlets are all located downstream of the river-blocking structure.

[0012] The water levels of the water inlets of channel one, channel two and channel three are at the same height, and the water levels of the water outlets are at the same height.

[0013] The channel 1 includes a bottom plate and side walls arranged on both sides of the bottom plate, and the bottom plate is paved with pebbles; a plurality of evenly distributed long partitions are provided on the inner wall of one side wall, and a plurality of evenly distributed short partitions are provided on the inner wall of the other side wall; the ends of the long partitions and the short partitions are staggered to form fish gaps.

[0014] The structure of the channel 2 is the same as that of the channel 1, but the width of the bottom plate of the channel 2 is smaller than that of the channel 1.

[0015] The channel three comprises a bottom plate and side walls arranged on both sides of the bottom plate, the bottom plate is paved with pebbles to form a winding flow channel with a pebble beach, and aquatic plants are planted on the pebble beach.

[0016] The vertical mixed arrangement is that channel one is located at the bottom layer, channel three is located at the top layer, and channel two is located in the middle; the side wall of channel two is fixed on the long partition of channel one, and the side wall of channel three is fixed on the long partition of channel two.

[0017] The horizontal arrangement is that channel one, channel two and channel three are arranged side by side in sequence, channel two is arranged near the middle of the river channel, channel one and channel three are arranged near the river bank, and channel two is between channel one and channel three.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: according to the animal passage adapted to different swimming behaviors, it has diverse hydraulic conditions and habitats, and provides an effective passage along the river-blocking structure to different habitats with different water depths, different flow velocities, different flow states, and different bottom types for different animals to choose; it can also provide an effective passage across the river-blocking structure to different habitats for different fish species, fish of different sizes, aquatic insects, shrimps, crabs and other aquatic animals and amphibians such as frogs and snakes in the same river for different animals to choose. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of channel 1 of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of channel 2 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of channel three of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the channel in the case of vertical mixed arrangement of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the channel structure when the channel is arranged side by side horizontally in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the upstream of the channel in the case of vertical mixed arrangement of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the upstream of the channel in the case of the horizontal side-by-side arrangement of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the water surface lines of each channel of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a table of ecological habits of aquatic animals targeted by the present invention;

[0028] In the figure: 1-side wall, 2-long partition, 3-short partition, 4-fish gap, 5-winding flow channel, 6-river-blocking structure, 7-pebble beach and aquatic plants. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of protection claimed is not limited to the description.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] like Figures 1 to 7The biological channel shown is adapted to animals with different swimming behaviors, including a river-blocking structure 6 set on the river channel and a biological channel set in combination with the river channel; the biological channel is connected to the river-blocking structure 6; the biological channel includes channel one, channel two and channel three, and channel one, channel two and channel three can be arranged vertically in a mixed arrangement or horizontally side by side.

[0032] The water level upstream of the dam structure 6 is higher than the water level downstream, blocking the downstream river animals from passing through the upstream river.

[0033] The biological channel is arranged along the bank around the river-blocking structure 6 or across the river-blocking structure 6, and the total width of the biological channel is b and the total length is L.

[0034] The water inlets of channel one, channel two and channel three are all located upstream of the dam structure 6, and the water outlets are all located downstream of the dam structure 6.

[0035] The water levels of the water inlets of channel one, channel two and channel three are at the same height, and the water levels of the water outlets are at the same height.

[0036] The channel 1 includes a bottom plate and side walls 1 arranged on both sides of the bottom plate, and the bottom plate is paved with pebbles; a plurality of evenly distributed long partitions 2 are provided on the inner wall of one side wall 1, and a plurality of evenly distributed short partitions 3 are provided on the inner wall of the other side wall 1; the ends of the long partitions 2 and the short partitions 3 are staggered to form fish gaps 4.

[0037] The structure of the channel 2 is the same as that of the channel 1, but the width of the bottom plate of the channel 2 is smaller than that of the channel 1.

[0038] The channel 3 includes a bottom plate and side walls 1 arranged on both sides of the bottom plate. Pebbles are laid on the bottom plate to form a winding flow channel 5 with a pebble beach. Aquatic plants are planted on the pebble beach.

[0039] The vertical mixed arrangement is that channel one is located at the bottom layer, channel three is located at the top layer, and channel two is located in the middle; the side wall 1 of channel two is fixed on the long partition 2 of channel one, and the side wall 1 of channel three is fixed on the long partition 2 of channel two.

[0040] The horizontal arrangement is that channel one, channel two and channel three are arranged side by side in sequence, channel two is arranged near the middle of the river channel, channel one and channel three are arranged near the river bank, and channel two is between channel one and channel three.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the specifications of channel 1, channel 2, and channel 3 are set as follows:

[0043] The width of the fish slot 4 of channel 1 is B1; the partition divides channel 1 into n1 chambers; the chambers have the same width b1, which is between 5B1 and 10B1; the chambers have the same length l1, which is between 8B1 and 12B1; the water depth of the chambers is nh1, where h1 is greater than 2 times the width of the target organism; the water level difference between adjacent chambers is Δh1, The maximum flow rate of the pool chamber is v1, and the flow rate Where g is the acceleration due to gravity; the length of the channel is L1; the slope of the channel is I1,

[0044] The width of the fish slot 4 of channel 2 is B2; the partition divides the water passage of channel 2 into n2 chambers; the chambers have the same width b2, which is between 5B2 and 10B2; the chambers have the same length l2, which is between 8B2 and 12B2; the water depth of the chambers is h2, which is greater than 3 times the height of the target aquatic animal; the water level difference between adjacent chambers is Δh2, The maximum flow rate of the second channel chamber is v2, and the flow rate The length of the second channel is L2; ​​the slope of the second channel is I2,

[0045] Channel three includes a bottom plate, a side wall 1, pebbles and aquatic plants; the bottom plate and the side wall 1 form a channel; the pebbles are laid on the channel to form a meandering flow channel 5 and a pebble beach, the pebble beach has a shallow water depth and grows aquatic plants; the channel width is B3; the width of the meandering flow channel is b3, and b3 is less than B3; the length of the meandering flow channel is L3; the water depth of the meandering flow channel is between 0 and h3; the flow velocity of the meandering flow channel of channel three is between 0 and v3; the slope of channel three is I3,

[0046] As described above, the channel length L=L1=L2<L3; the width of the fish gap is B1>B2; the width is b1>b2>b3; the length of the pool chamber is l1>l2; the water depth is h1>h2>h3; the number of pool chambers is n2>n1; the channel slope is I1=I2>I3; the water level difference between adjacent pool chambers is Δh1>Δh2; and the maximum flow velocity of the pool chamber is v1>v2>v3.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] There are two ways to arrange biological channels, one is vertical mixed arrangement, and the other is horizontal side by side. In the vertical mixed arrangement, the total channel width b is equal to the pool chamber width b1. Among them, channel three creates a hiding, avoidance and shade space for aquatic animals in channel two, and channel two creates a hiding, avoidance and shade space for aquatic animals in channel one; in the horizontal side by side arrangement, the total channel width b is equal to the sum of the widths of channel one, channel two and channel three.

[0049] Example 4

[0050] A river is built with a weir, the water level upstream of the weir is h1=56.4m, and the water level downstream is h2=56.0m, with a head drop of 0.4m.

[0051] The river is rich in aquatic animal resources, including the four major carps, eels and other migratory fish, aquatic insects, shrimps, crabs and other arthropods, including frogs, salamanders and snakes and other amphibians. Figure 9 .

[0052] According to the swimming and movement characteristics of different animals in the river section, a biological channel adapted to animals with different swimming behaviors is designed. The biological channel consists of channel one, channel two and channel three.

[0053] The water inlets of the channel 1, the channel 2 and the channel 3 are located upstream of the overflow weir, and the water outlets are located downstream of the overflow weir.

[0054] The water level at the water inlet of channel one, channel two and channel three is 56.4m, the water level at the water outlet of channel one, channel two and channel three is 56.0m, and the water head difference between channel one, channel two and channel three is 0.4m.

[0055] The channel 1 includes a bottom plate, a side wall 1 and a partition; the bottom plate is paved with pebbles; the partition includes a long partition 2 and a short partition 3, and a fish gap 4 is formed between the long partition 2 and the short partition 3, and the width of the fish gap 4 is 0.3m; the partition divides the channel 1 water passage into 3 chambers; the chamber width b1 = 2.4m; the chamber length l1 is 3.0m; the chamber water depth h1 is 1.37m; the water level difference Δh1 between adjacent chambers is 0.1m; the maximum flow rate of the chamber is v1 equal to 1.4m / s; the length L1 of the channel 1 is 10.0m; the slope I1 of the channel 1 is 4%.

[0056] The channel two includes a bottom plate, a side wall 1 and a partition; the bottom plate is paved with pebbles; the partition includes a long partition 2 and a short partition 3, and a fish slot 4 is formed between the long partition 2 and the short partition 3, and the width B2 of the fish slot 4 is 0.15m; the partition divides the water passage of channel two into 6 chambers; the width b2 of the chamber is 1.2m; the length l2 of the chamber is 1.45m; the water depth h2 of the chamber is 0.85m; the water level difference Δh2 between adjacent chambers of the chamber is 0.05m; the maximum flow velocity v2 of the chamber of channel two is 0.98m / s; the length L2 of channel two is 10.0m; the slope I2 of channel two is 4%.

[0057] The channel three includes a bottom plate, a side wall 1, pebbles and aquatic plants; the bottom plate and the side wall 1 form a channel; the pebbles are laid on the channel to form a winding flow channel 5 and a pebble beach, the pebble beach has a shallow water depth and grows aquatic plants, and the pebble beach and the aquatic plants provide substrate conditions and a shelter environment for animals with crawling ability such as shrimps, crabs, salamanders, snakes, eels, etc.; the channel width B2 is 0.75m; the width b3 of the winding flow channel 5 is less than B3; the length L3 of the winding flow channel 5 is 20.0m; the water depth of the winding flow channel 5 is between 0 and h3; the flow surface of the channel three is an irregular cross-section, and the flow velocity of the winding flow channel 5 is between 0 and 0.5m / s; the slope I3 ​​of the channel three is 2%.

[0058] For the overflow weir, the pebble beach is shallow and has aquatic plants. There are two layout options. One of the two layouts is vertical mixed arrangement, such as Figure 4 As shown; one of the two arrangements is horizontally side by side, such as Figure 5 shown.

[0059] In the case of vertical mixing, channel one is located at the bottom layer, channel three is located at the top layer, and channel two is located in the middle; in the case of vertical mixing, the total channel width b is equal to 2.4m; in the case of vertical mixing, channel two is fixed on the long partition of channel one; in the case of vertical mixing, channel three is fixed on the long partition of channel two; in the case of vertical mixing, channel three creates a hiding, shelter and sunshade space for aquatic animals in channel two; in the case of vertical mixing, channel two creates a hiding, shelter and sunshade space for aquatic animals in channel one.

[0060] In the case of horizontal side-by-side arrangement, channel one, channel two and channel three are arranged side by side in sequence; in the case of horizontal side-by-side arrangement, channel one is arranged close to the middle of the river channel; in the case of horizontal side-by-side arrangement, channel three is arranged close to the bank of the river channel; in the case of horizontal side-by-side arrangement, channel two is arranged between channel one and channel three; in the case of horizontal side-by-side arrangement, the total channel width b is equal to the sum of the widths of channel one, channel two and channel three.

[0061] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0062] 1. Provide different water depths, flow velocities, flow patterns, and bottom types for different aquatic animals to choose from. It can also provide an effective passage for different fish species, fish of different sizes, aquatic insects, shrimps, crabs, frogs, snakes and other animals in the same river to cross the river-blocking structure to reach different habitats.

[0063] 2. The biological channel is composed of three channels with significantly different hydraulic conditions. Although only one channel is most suitable for a specific animal, the other channels have the added benefit of effectively expanding the influence range of the channel outlet and increasing the probability of the channel inlet being sensed.

[0064] 3. In the case of vertical mixed arrangement, the channel provides aquatic animals with space to hide, avoid and shade, which not only creates a suitable habitat for aquatic animals, but also effectively avoids the impact of predators.

Claims

1. A biological channel adapted to animals with different swimming behaviors, comprising a river-blocking structure (6) arranged on a river channel and a biological channel arranged in conjunction with the river channel, characterized in that: The biological channel is connected to the river-blocking structure (6); the biological channel includes channel one, channel two and channel three, and channel one, channel two and channel three are arranged in a vertical mixed arrangement; The vertical mixed arrangement is such that channel 1 is located at the bottom layer, channel 3 is located at the top layer, and channel 2 is located in the middle; the side wall (1) of channel 2 is fixed on the long partition (2) of channel 1, and the side wall (1) of channel 3 is fixed on the long partition (2) of channel 2; The channel 1 comprises a bottom plate and side walls (1) arranged on both sides of the bottom plate, the bottom plate being paved with pebbles; a plurality of evenly distributed long partitions (2) are provided on the inner wall of one side wall (1), and a plurality of evenly distributed short partitions (3) are provided on the inner wall of the other side wall (1); the ends of the long partitions (2) and the short partitions (3) are staggered to form a fish gap (4); The structure of the channel 2 is the same as that of the channel 1, but the width of the bottom plate of the channel 2 is smaller than that of the bottom plate of the channel 1; the channel 3 includes a bottom plate and side walls (1) arranged on both sides of the bottom plate, and the width of the bottom plate of the channel 3 is smaller than that of the bottom plate of the channel 2; Channel three creates hiding, shelter and shade for aquatic animals in channel two, and channel two creates hiding, shelter and shade for aquatic animals in channel one.

2. The biological channel adapted to animals with different swimming behaviors as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The water level upstream of the dam structure (6) is higher than the water level downstream.

3. The biological channel adapted to animals with different swimming behaviors as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The biological channel is arranged along the bank around the river-blocking structure (6) or across the river-blocking structure (6).

4. The biological channel adapted to animals with different swimming behaviors as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The water inlets of the channel 1, channel 2 and channel 3 are all located upstream of the river-blocking structure (6), and the water outlets are all located downstream of the river-blocking structure (6).

5. The biological channel adapted to animals with different swimming behaviors as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The water levels of the water inlets of channel one, channel two and channel three are at the same height, and the water levels of the water outlets are at the same height.

6. The biological channel adapted to animals with different swimming behaviors as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate of the channel is paved with pebbles to form a meandering flow channel (5) with a pebble beach, and aquatic plants are planted on the pebble beach.

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