Adaptive time-varying parameter real-time estimation method and system based on weak measurement technology

Abstract

The present invention provides an adaptive real-time estimation method and system for time-varying parameters based on weak measurement technology, comprising the following steps: S1: building a quantum weak measurement optical platform for real-time estimation of time-varying parameters, generating the light intensity of a light source and the light intensity for weak measurement through a fiber beam splitter of the quantum weak measurement optical platform; passing the light intensity for weak measurement through a parameter measurement path of the quantum weak measurement optical platform to generate the light intensity for weak measurement; S2: receiving the light intensity for weak measurement and the light intensity of the light source through a balanced detector, and calculating the current phase; S3: adjusting the additional phase in the parameter measurement path according to the current phase; S4: repeating steps S2 and S3 to perform real-time estimation of the time-varying phase; S5: after the measurement is completed and the time-varying phase estimation result is obtained, data processing is performed on the result according to actual needs to restore the sensor signal. The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the existing technology, such as small detection bandwidth, complex experimental structure, and high experimental difficulty.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of weak measurement, and in particular to a method and system for real-time estimation of adaptive time-varying parameters based on weak measurement technology. Background Art

[0002] In quantum sensing, many perceptual quantities are unknown, random, and time-varying. High-precision and highly sensitive measurements of these time-varying quantities are crucial. Since its introduction, weak measurement technology has been widely used in quantum precision measurement, achieving accuracy and sensitivity unattainable by classical methods while also effectively suppressing technical noise.

[0003] The Chinese invention patent document with publication number CN108801476A discloses an optical fiber-type adaptive balanced zero-beat measurement system for measuring time-varying phase signals, wherein the system's first optical fiber beam splitter receives the output light of a narrow-linewidth continuous laser, a phase-type electro-optical modulator and an amplitude-type optical fiber electro-optical modulator respectively receive two beams of light output by the first optical fiber beam splitter, a first piezoelectric ceramic modulator receives the output light of the phase-type electro-optical modulator, a second piezoelectric ceramic modulator receives the output light of the amplitude-type optical fiber electro-optical modulator, a second optical fiber beam splitter receives the output light of the first piezoelectric ceramic modulator and the second piezoelectric ceramic modulator, a signal converter receives the two beams of output light from the second optical fiber beam splitter, converts them into electrical signals, and outputs them after subtraction, a signal generator is connected to the amplitude-type optical fiber electro-optical modulator and a mixer respectively, the signal converter, the mixer, the filter, the first servo feedback device and the phase-type electro-optical modulator are connected in sequence, and the signal converter is also connected to the first piezoelectric ceramic modulator through the second servo feedback device.

[0004] Regarding the above-mentioned related technologies, the inventors believe that the current time-varying parameter schemes based on weak measurement methods have the shortcomings of small detection bandwidth, complex experimental structure, and high experimental difficulty. The above defects may limit the time-varying parameter estimation technology based on weak measurement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method and system for real-time estimation of adaptive time-varying parameters based on weak measurement technology.

[0006] According to the present invention, a method for real-time estimation of adaptive time-varying parameters based on weak measurement technology includes the following steps:

[0007] Step S1: Build a quantum weak measurement optical platform for real-time estimation of time-varying parameters, generate the light intensity of the light source and the light intensity for weak measurement through the optical fiber beam splitter of the quantum weak measurement optical platform; pass the light intensity for weak measurement through the parameter measurement path of the quantum weak measurement optical platform to generate the light intensity for weak measurement;

[0008] Step S2: Calculate the current phase by balancing the intensity of the weakly measured light received by the detector and the intensity of the light source;

[0009] Step S3: adjusting the additional phase in the parameter measurement path according to the current phase;

[0010] Step S4: repeating steps S2 and S3 to perform real-time estimation of the time-varying phase;

[0011] Step S5: After the measurement is completed and the estimation result of the time-varying phase is obtained, data processing is performed on the estimation result according to actual needs to restore the sensing signal.

[0012] Preferably, step S1 includes the following steps:

[0013] Step S1.1: The light output by the light source passes through the optical fiber beam splitter to generate the light intensity of the light source and the light intensity for weak measurement; the light intensity of the light source is transmitted to the balanced detector through the light intensity change monitoring path of the quantum weak measurement optical platform;

[0014] Step S1.2: modulating the light intensity used for weak measurement into a pre-selection state |i> in the pre-selection process of the parameter measurement path;

[0015] Step S1.3: The preselected state is passed through the weak coupling process of the parameter measurement path, an external signal is introduced, and a time-varying phase parameter is generated. interaction Expressed as:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, i is the imaginary unit, e is the natural constant, is the observable quantity of the system;

[0018] After interaction, the state of the output light is

[0019] Step S1.4: Add an additional phase of adaptive adjustment to the parameter measurement path, and the evolution process of the additional phase introduced Expressed as:

[0020]

[0021] in, represents additional phase (5);

[0022] Step S1.5: Modulate the post-selection state |f> of the parameter measurement path to be within a preset orthogonal range with the pre-selection state, with a post-selection angle of ε, and project the light intensity after additional phase adjustment onto the post-selection state.

[0023] Preferably, in step S2, light intensity is used as a detection index for detection, the light intensity monitored by the light intensity change monitoring path is I0(t); the light intensity I(t) output by the parameter measurement path is

[0024]

[0025] Where 〈f| is the conjugate transpose of the post-selection state |f>; when the weak measurement condition is satisfied,

[0026]

[0027] in, is a weak value, ImA w (t) is the imaginary part of the weak value;

[0028] Since the post-selection angle is ε, the reference phase and ImA w (t) are all known quantities, according to Time-varying parameters Estimates.

[0029] Preferably, in step S3, an additional phase is inserted into the weak measurement; based on the estimated value of the current phase Set the minimum adjustment threshold according to actual needs and maximum adjustment threshold Compare; among them, t j is the current moment, j is the sequence number;

[0030] Determine the current sensitivity and dynamic range of the weak measurement system and adjust the additional phase according to the current sensitivity and dynamic range;

[0031] like Increase like Then reduce like Then proceed to the next measurement.

[0032] Preferably, in the step S1.5, the post-selection state is modulated and the post-selection angle is set;

[0033] When the size of the post-selection angle cannot be determined, in the weak coupling process of the parameter measurement path, the known phase parameter g is set, and the interaction Expressed as

[0034]

[0035] At this time, the additional phase position is 0;

[0036] Light intensity is used as the detection index for detection. The light intensity monitored by the light intensity change monitoring path is I0(t); the light intensity output by the parameter measurement path is

[0037]

[0038] When the weak measurement condition is met,

[0039] I(t)=I0(t)sin 2 [ε](1+2g ImA w );

[0040] in, is a weak value, ImA w is the imaginary part of the weak value,<f|i> is the inner product of 〈f| and |i>;

[0041] Using the known phase parameter g, the angle ε is determined and selected.

[0042] According to the present invention, an adaptive time-varying parameter real-time estimation system based on weak measurement technology includes the following modules:

[0043] Module M1: Build a quantum weak measurement optical platform for real-time estimation of time-varying parameters. Generate the light intensity of the light source and the light intensity for weak measurement through the optical fiber beam splitter of the quantum weak measurement optical platform. The light intensity for weak measurement is passed through the parameter measurement path of the quantum weak measurement optical platform to generate the light intensity for weak measurement.

[0044] Module M2: Calculates the current phase by balancing the intensity of the weakly measured light received by the detector and the intensity of the light source;

[0045] Module M3: adjusts the additional phase in the parameter measurement path according to the current phase;

[0046] Module M4: repeats modules M2 and M3 to perform real-time estimation of the time-varying phase;

[0047] Module M5: After the measurement is completed and the estimated result of the time-varying phase is obtained, data processing is performed on the estimated result according to actual needs to restore the sensor signal.

[0048] Preferably, the module M1 includes the following modules:

[0049] Module M1.1: The light output by the light source passes through the optical fiber beam splitter to generate the light intensity of the light source and the light intensity for weak measurement; the light intensity of the light source is transmitted to the balanced detector through the light intensity change monitoring path of the quantum weak measurement optical platform;

[0050] Module M1.2: modulates the light intensity used for weak measurement into the pre-selection state |i> in the pre-selection process of the parameter measurement path;

[0051] Module M1.3: The preselected state is passed through the weak coupling process of the parameter measurement path, an external signal is introduced, and a time-varying phase parameter is generated. interaction Expressed as:

[0052]

[0053] Among them, i is the imaginary unit, e is the natural constant, is the observable quantity of the system;

[0054] After interaction, the state of the output light is

[0055] Module M1.4: Adding an additional phase of adaptive adjustment to the parameter measurement path, and the evolution process of the introduced additional phase Expressed as:

[0056]

[0057] in, Indicates additional phase;

[0058] Module M1.5: modulate the post-selection state |f〉 of the parameter measurement path to be within a preset orthogonal range with the pre-selection state, with a post-selection angle of ε, and project the light intensity after additional phase adjustment onto the post-selection state.

[0059] Preferably, in the module M2, light intensity is used as a detection index for detection, the light intensity monitored by the light intensity change monitoring circuit is I0(t); the light intensity I(t) output by the parameter measurement circuit is

[0060]

[0061] Where 〈f| is the conjugate transpose of the post-selection state |f>; when the weak measurement condition is satisfied,

[0062]

[0063] in, is a weak value, ImA w (t) is the imaginary part of the weak value;

[0064] Since the post-selection angle is ε, the reference phase and ImA w (t) are all known quantities, according to Time-varying parameters Estimates.

[0065] Preferably, in the module M3, an additional phase is inserted in the weak measurement; based on the estimated value of the current phase Set the minimum adjustment threshold according to actual needs and maximum regulation threshold Compare; among them, t j is the current moment, j is the sequence number;

[0066] Determine the current sensitivity and dynamic range of the weak measurement system and adjust the additional phase according to the current sensitivity and dynamic range;

[0067] like Increase like Then reduce like Then proceed to the next measurement.

[0068] Preferably, in the module M1.5, the post-selection state is modulated and the post-selection angle is set;

[0069] When the size of the post-selection angle cannot be determined, in the weak coupling process of the parameter measurement path, the known phase parameter g is set, and the interaction Expressed as

[0070]

[0071] At this time, the additional phase position is 0;

[0072] Light intensity is used as the detection index for detection. The light intensity monitored by the light intensity change monitoring path is I0(t); the light intensity output by the parameter measurement path is

[0073]

[0074] When the weak measurement condition is met,

[0075] I(t)=I0(t)sin 2 [ε](1+2g ImA w );

[0076] in, is a weak value, ImA w is the imaginary part of the weak value,<f|i> is the inner product of 〈f| and |i>;

[0077] Using the known phase parameter g, the angle ε is determined and selected.

[0078] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0079] 1. The present invention has a simple structure and is easy to use, which makes up for the shortcomings of the existing technology, such as small detection bandwidth, complex experimental structure and high experimental difficulty;

[0080] 2. The present invention can effectively avoid the influence of light source fluctuation and relative intensity noise on measurement;

[0081] 3. The present invention can adaptively achieve high-precision real-time estimation of time-varying parameters with adjustable sensitivity and dynamic range;

[0082] 4. The present invention expands the application scenarios of numerous measurement systems based on the theory of weak measurement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0083] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:

[0084] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention.

[0085] Reference numerals:

[0086] Light source 1 Weak coupling process 4 Balanced detector 7

[0087] Fiber optic splitter 2 Additional phase 5 Computer 8

[0088] Pre-selection process 3 Post-selection process 6 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0089] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several changes and improvements can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. These all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0090] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a high-precision real-time estimation method of time-varying phase based on quantum weak measurement theory, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a light source 1; a fiber optic beam splitter 2; a pre-selection process 3 (composed of a half-wave plate, a polarizer, and a quarter-wave plate); a weak coupling process 4 (a birefringence-based sensor that can convert the signal to be measured into a time-varying phase parameter); an additional phase 5 (a birefringent crystal with a known phase); a post-selection process 6 (composed of a half-wave plate, a polarizer, and a quarter-wave plate); a balanced detector 7; and a computer 8.

[0091] The light emitted by the light source 1 passes through the optical fiber beam splitter 2 and is divided into a light intensity monitoring path and a parameter measurement path based on a weak measurement method. In the light intensity monitoring path, the light is directly received by a balanced detector 7 for intensity detection. In the parameter measurement path based on the weak measurement method, the light passes through the pre-selection process 3, then generates a phase due to the action of an external signal in the weak coupling process 4, undergoes phase adjustment through the additional phase 5, and passes through the post-selection process 6 before being received by the balanced detector 7 for intensity detection. The balanced detector 7 is connected to a computer 8 to perform data processing on the detection results, and phase-adjusts the additional phase 5 connected to the computer 8 based on the results, including the following steps:

[0092] Step 1: Build a quantum weak measurement optical platform for real-time estimation of time-varying parameters, and introduce external signals into the weak coupling process 4 to generate time-varying phase parameters. Specifically, build a quantum weak measurement optical platform for real-time estimation of time-varying parameters, generate the light intensity of light source 1 and the light intensity for weak measurement through the optical fiber splitter 2 of the quantum weak measurement optical platform; and pass the light intensity for weak measurement through the parameter measurement path of the quantum weak measurement optical platform to generate the light intensity for weak measurement.

[0093] Step 2: Calculate the current phase based on the weakly measured light intensity received by the balanced detector 7 and the light intensity of the light source 1 .

[0094] Step 3: Adjust the additional phase 5 according to the current phase so that the system operates within a better sensitivity and dynamic range.

[0095] Step 4: Repeat steps 2 and 3 to achieve real-time estimation of the time-varying phase.

[0096] Step 5: After the measurement is completed, the estimation results are processed according to actual needs. Specifically, since the time-varying parameter is generated by the sensor signal, after the measurement is completed and the time-varying phase estimation result is obtained, the result is processed according to actual needs to restore the sensor signal.

[0097] Wherein, step 1 includes the following steps:

[0098] Step 1.1: The light output from light source 1 passes through fiber optic beam splitter 2, with one path used to monitor light intensity changes and the other path used to measure parameters based on the weak-state measurement method. Specifically, the light output from light source 1 passes through fiber optic beam splitter 2 to generate the light intensity of light source 1 and the light intensity for weak-state measurement. The light intensity of light source 1 is transmitted to balanced detector 7 via the light intensity change monitoring path of the quantum weak-state measurement optical platform.

[0099] Step 1.2: Modulate the light of the parameter measurement path to the pre-selected state |i>.

[0100] Step 1.3: In the weak coupling process 4 of the parameter measurement path, introduce an external signal to generate a time-varying phase parameter interaction Expressed as

[0101]

[0102] Among them, i is the imaginary unit, e is the natural constant, is the observable quantity of the system. After the interaction, the state of the output light |Φ i > means

[0103]

[0104] Step 1.4: Add an additional phase for adaptive adjustment in the parameter measurement path The evolution process caused by the introduction of additional phase 5 It can be expressed as

[0105]

[0106] Step 1.5: Modulate the post-selection state of the parameter measurement path to be nearly orthogonal (nearly orthogonal) to the pre-selection state. The post-selection angle is ε, and project the light after additional phase adjustment 5 onto the post-selection state.

[0107] In step 1.5, when the size of the post-selection angle cannot be determined, the known phase parameter g can be set in the weak coupling process 4 of the parameter measurement path, and the interaction Expressed as

[0108]

[0109] Additional phase 5 is set to 0.

[0110] Light intensity is used as the detection index for detection. The light intensity monitored by the light intensity change monitoring path is I0(t); the light intensity I(t) output by the parameter measurement path is

[0111]

[0112] Where 〈f| is the conjugate transpose of the post-selection state |f>. When the weak measurement condition is met,

[0113] I(t)=I0(t)sin 2 [ε](1+2g ImA w ),

[0114] in, is a weak value, ImA w is the imaginary part of the weak value. Using the known phase parameter g, the post-selection angle ε can be determined.

[0115] Among them, in step 2, considering that the sampling frequency needs to satisfy the Nyquist theorem in signal sampling, light intensity detection can detect higher frequency signals. Light intensity is used as the detection indicator for weak measurement. In theory, the light intensity monitored by the light intensity change monitoring path is I0(t); the light intensity I(t) output by the parameter measurement path is

[0116]

[0117] where 〈f| is the conjugate transpose of the post-selection state |f>.

[0118] When the weak measurement condition is met,

[0119]

[0120] in, is a weak value, ImA w (t) is the imaginary part of the weak value.

[0121] Since the post-selection angle is ε, the reference phase and ImA w (t) are all known quantities, according to Time-varying parameters can be realized The estimation of , and then the estimation of time-varying parameters is realized.

[0122] In step 3, in order to make the weak measurement system have adjustable sensitivity and dynamic range, an additional phase 5 is inserted into the weak measurement. According to the estimated value of the current phase Set adjustment thresholds based on actual needs (minimum regulation threshold) and (maximum regulation threshold) for comparison, where t j is the current moment, j is the serial number; determine the current sensitivity and dynamic range of the weak measurement system, and adjust the additional phase 5 accordingly. Increase (Additional phase 5) makes the measurement in a lower sensitivity and larger dynamic range; if Then reduce the additional (Additional phase 5) makes the measurement in a higher sensitivity and smaller dynamic range; if Then proceed directly to the next measurement.

[0123] The present invention also provides an adaptive time-varying parameter real-time estimation system based on weak measurement technology. The adaptive time-varying parameter real-time estimation system based on weak measurement technology can be implemented by executing the process steps of the adaptive time-varying parameter real-time estimation method based on weak measurement technology, that is, those skilled in the art can understand the adaptive time-varying parameter real-time estimation method based on weak measurement technology as a preferred implementation of the adaptive time-varying parameter real-time estimation system based on weak measurement technology.

[0124] The system includes the following modules:

[0125] Module M1: Build a quantum weak measurement optical platform for real-time estimation of time-varying parameters. Use the platform's fiber beam splitter 2 to generate the intensity of light source 1 and the intensity of light used for weak coupling. This intensity is then transferred through the platform's parameter measurement path to generate the intensity of light that undergoes weak coupling. This means building a quantum weak measurement optical platform for real-time estimation of time-varying parameters and introducing an external signal into weak coupling process 4 to generate time-varying phase parameters.

[0126] Module M2: Receives the weakly measured light intensity and the light intensity of the light source 1 through the balance detector 7 and calculates the current phase.

[0127] Module M3: Adjusts the additional phase 5 in the parameter measurement path according to the current phase so that the system operates within the preset sensitivity and dynamic range.

[0128] Module M4: Repeatedly calls modules M2 and M3 to achieve real-time estimation of time-varying phase.

[0129] Module M5: After the measurement is completed and the estimated result of the time-varying phase is obtained, data processing is performed on the estimated result according to actual needs to restore the sensor signal.

[0130] Module M1 includes the following modules:

[0131] Module M1.1: The light output from light source 1 passes through fiber optic beam splitter 2, generating the light intensity of light source 1 and the light intensity for weak-state measurement. The light intensity of light source 1 is transmitted to balanced detector 7 via the intensity change monitoring path of the quantum weak-state measurement optical platform. That is, the light output from light source 1 passes through fiber optic beam splitter 2, with one path used for monitoring light intensity changes and the other for parameter measurement based on weak-state measurement methods.

[0132] Module M1.2: modulates the light intensity used for weak measurement into the pre-selection state |i> in the pre-selection process 3 of the parameter measurement path; that is, modulates the light of the parameter measurement path into the pre-selection state |i>.

[0133] Module M1.3: In the weak coupling process 4 of the parameter measurement path, an external signal is introduced to generate a time-varying phase parameter The preselected state is passed through the weak coupling process 4 of the parameter measurement path, and an external signal is introduced to generate a time-varying phase parameter. interaction Expressed as:

[0134]

[0135] Among them, i is the imaginary unit, e is the natural constant, is the observable quantity of the system.

[0136] After interaction, the state of the output light is

[0137] Module M1.4: Add adaptive adjustment to parameter measurement path (Additional Phase 5), the evolutionary process introduced by the additional phase 5 Expressed as:

[0138]

[0139] Module M1.5: modulates the post-selection state |f> of the parameter measurement path to be within a preset orthogonal range (nearly orthogonal |f>) with the pre-selection state, with a post-selection angle of ε, and projects the light intensity adjusted by the additional phase 5 onto the post-selection state.

[0140] In module M1.5, the post-selection state is modulated and the post-selection angle is set.

[0141] When the size of the post-selection angle cannot be determined, the known phase parameter g can be set in the weak coupling process 4 of the parameter measurement path to interact Expressed as

[0142]

[0143] At this time, additional phase 5 is set to 0.

[0144] Light intensity is used as the detection index for detection. The light intensity monitored by the light intensity change monitoring path is I0(t); the light intensity output by the parameter measurement path is

[0145]

[0146] When the weak measurement condition is met,

[0147] I(t)=I0(t)sin 2 [ε](1+2g ImA w );

[0148] in, is a weak value, ImA w is the imaginary part of the weak value,<f|i> is the inner product of 〈f| and |i>;

[0149] With the known phase parameter g, the post-selection angle ε can be determined.

[0150] In module M2, light intensity is used as the detection index. The light intensity monitored by the light intensity change monitoring circuit is I0(t); the light intensity I(t) output by the parameter measurement circuit is

[0151]

[0152] Where 〈f| is the conjugate transpose of the post-selection state |f>; when the weak measurement condition is satisfied,

[0153]

[0154] in, is a weak value, ImA w (t) is the imaginary part of the weak value;

[0155] Since the post-selection angle is ε, the reference phase and ImA w (t) are all known quantities, according to Time-varying parameters Estimates.

[0156] In module M3, in order to make the weak measurement system have adjustable sensitivity and dynamic range, an additional phase 5 is inserted into the weak measurement. According to the estimated value of the current phase Set the minimum adjustment threshold according to actual needs and maximum adjustment threshold Compare; among them, t j is the current moment, j is the sequence number;

[0157] Determine the current sensitivity and dynamic range of the weak measurement system and adjust the additional phase 5 according to the current sensitivity and dynamic range; if Increase (Additional phase 5) makes the measurement in a lower sensitivity and larger dynamic range; if Then reduce (Additional phase 5) makes the measurement in a higher sensitivity and smaller dynamic range; if Then proceed directly to the next measurement.

[0158] High-precision and high-sensitivity time-varying parameter estimation is a key issue in the field of quantum sensing. Since the weak measurement technology was proposed, it has been widely used in the field of quantum precision measurement, achieving accuracy and sensitivity that cannot be achieved by classical means, and has a good suppression effect on technical noise. The current time-varying parameter scheme based on weak measurement methods has the disadvantages of small detection bandwidth, complex experimental structure, and high experimental difficulty. The above defects may limit the time-varying parameter estimation technology based on weak measurement. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-precision real-time estimation method of time-varying phase based on quantum weak measurement theory with adjustable sensitivity and dynamic range.

[0159] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the system and its various devices, modules, and units provided by the present invention in purely computer-readable program code, it is entirely possible to implement the same functions of the system and its various devices, modules, and units provided by the present invention in the form of logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers by logically programming the method steps. Therefore, the system and its various devices, modules, and units provided by the present invention can be considered a hardware component, and the devices, modules, and units included therein for implementing various functions can also be considered as structures within the hardware component; the devices, modules, and units for implementing various functions can also be considered as both software modules implementing the method and structures within the hardware component.

[0160] The above describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. The embodiments of this application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other in any manner unless there is a conflict.

Claims

1. A method for real-time estimation of adaptive time-varying parameters based on weak measurement technology, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step S1: Build a quantum weak measurement optical platform for real-time estimation of time-varying parameters. Generate the light intensity of the light source (1) and the light intensity for weak measurement through the fiber optic beam splitter (2) of the quantum weak measurement optical platform; Pass the light intensity for weak measurement through the parameter measurement path of the quantum weak measurement optical platform to generate the light intensity after weak measurement; Step S2: Receive the light intensity after weak measurement and the light intensity of the light source (1) through a balanced detector (7) to calculate the current phase; Step S3: Adjust the additional phase (5) in the parameter measurement path according to the current phase; Step S4: Repeat Step S2 and Step S3 to perform real-time estimation of the time-varying phase; Step S5: After the measurement is completed and the estimation result of the time-varying phase is obtained, perform data processing on the estimation result according to actual needs to restore the sensing signal; In Step S2, the light intensity is used as the detection index for detection, and the light intensity monitored by the light intensity change monitoring path is I0(t); The light intensity I(t) output by the parameter measurement path is where <f| is the conjugate transpose of the post-selected state |f>; When the weak measurement condition is satisfied, there is in, is a weak value, ImA w (t) is the imaginary part of the weak value; Since the post-selection angle is ε, the reference phase and ImA w (t) are all known quantities, according to Time-varying parameters Estimates.

2. The method for real-time estimation of adaptive time-varying parameters based on weak measurement technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1 includes the following steps: Step S1.1: Pass the light output by the light source (1) through the fiber optic beam splitter (2) to generate the light intensity of the light source (1) and the light intensity for weak measurement; The light intensity of the light source (1) is transmitted to the balanced detector (7) through the light intensity change monitoring path of the quantum weak measurement optical platform; Step S1.2: Modulate the light intensity for weak measurement into the pre-selected state |i> in the pre-selection process (3) of the parameter measurement path; Step S1.3: The preselected state is passed through the weak coupling process (4) of the parameter measurement path, and an external signal is introduced to generate a time-varying phase parameter. interaction Expressed as: Among them, i is the imaginary unit, e is the natural constant, is the observable quantity of the system; After interaction, the state of the output light is Step S1.4: Add an additional phase (5) of adaptive adjustment to the parameter measurement path. The evolution process of the additional phase (5) introduced is Expressed as: in, represents additional phase (5); Step S1.5: Modulate the post-selected state |f> of the parameter measurement path to be within a preset orthogonal range with the pre-selected state, the post-selection angle is ε, and project the light intensity after adjusting the additional phase (5) onto the post-selected state.

3. The method for real-time estimation of adaptive time-varying parameters based on weak measurement technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, an additional phase is inserted into the weak measurement (5); based on the estimated value of the current phase Set the minimum adjustment threshold according to actual needs and maximum regulation threshold Compare; among them, t j is the current moment, j is the sequence number; Judge the current sensitivity and dynamic range of the weak measurement system, and adjust the additional phase (5) according to the current sensitivity and dynamic range; like Increase like Then reduce like Then proceed to the next measurement.

4. The method for real-time estimation of adaptive time-varying parameters based on weak measurement technology according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In Step S1.5, modulate the post-selected state and set the post-selection angle; When the size of the post-selection angle cannot be determined, in the weak coupling process (4) of the parameter measurement path, the known phase parameter g is set, and the interaction Expressed as At this time, the additional phase (5) is set to 0; The light intensity is used as the detection index for detection, and the light intensity monitored by the light intensity change monitoring path is I0(t); The light intensity output by the parameter measurement path is When the weak measurement condition is satisfied, I(t)=I0(t)sin 2 [ε](1+2gImA w ); Among them, is the weak value, ImA w is the imaginary part of the weak value, and <f|i> is the inner product of <f| and |i>; Use the known phase parameter g to determine the post-selection angle ε.

5. An adaptive time-varying parameter real-time estimation system based on weak measurement technology, characterized in that: It includes the following modules: Module M1: Build a quantum weak measurement optical platform for real-time estimation of time-varying parameters. Generate the light intensity of the light source (1) and the light intensity for weak measurement through the fiber optic beam splitter (2) of the quantum weak measurement optical platform; Pass the light intensity for weak measurement through the parameter measurement path of the quantum weak measurement optical platform to generate the light intensity after weak measurement; Module M2: Receive the light intensity after weak measurement and the light intensity of the light source (1) through a balanced detector (7) to calculate the current phase; Module M3: Adjust the additional phase (5) in the parameter measurement path according to the current phase; Module M4: Repeat Module M2 and Module M3 to perform real-time estimation of the time-varying phase; Module M5: After the measurement is completed and the estimation result of the time-varying phase is obtained, perform data processing on the estimation result according to actual needs to restore the sensing signal; In the module M2, light intensity is used as the detection index for detection, and the light intensity monitored by the light intensity change monitoring path is I0(t); the light intensity I(t) output by the parameter measurement path is where <f| is the conjugate transpose of the post-selected state |f>; when the weak measurement condition is satisfied, there is in, is a weak value, ImA w (t) is the imaginary part of the weak value; Since the post-selection angle is ε, the reference phase and ImA w (t) are all known quantities, according to Time-varying parameters Estimates.

6. The adaptive time-varying parameter real-time estimation system based on weak measurement technology according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The module M1 includes the following modules: Module M1.1: The light output by the light source (1) passes through the optical fiber beam splitter (2) to generate the light intensity of the light source (1) and the light intensity for passing through weak measurement; the light intensity of the light source (1) is transmitted to the balanced detector (7) through the light intensity change monitoring path of the quantum weak measurement optical platform; Module M1.2: Modulate the light intensity for passing through weak measurement into the pre-selected state |i> in the pre-selection process (3) of the parameter measurement path; Module M1.3: The preselected state is passed through the weak coupling process (4) of the parameter measurement path, and an external signal is introduced to generate a time-varying phase parameter. interaction Expressed as: Among them, i is the imaginary unit, e is the natural constant, is the observable quantity of the system; After interaction, the state of the output light is Module M1.4: Adding an additional phase (5) of adaptive adjustment to the parameter measurement path, the evolution process of the additional phase (5) introduced Expressed as: in, represents additional phase (5); Module M1.5: Modulate the post-selected state |f> of the parameter measurement path to be within a preset orthogonal range with the pre-selected state, the post-selection angle is ε, and project the light intensity adjusted by the additional phase (5) onto the post-selected state.

7. The adaptive time-varying parameter real-time estimation system based on weak measurement technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the module M3, an additional phase (5) is inserted in the weak measurement; according to the estimated value of the current phase Set the minimum adjustment threshold according to actual needs and maximum regulation threshold Compare; among them, t j is the current moment, j is the sequence number; Judge the current sensitivity and dynamic range of the weak measurement system, and adjust the additional phase (5) according to the current sensitivity and dynamic range; like Increase like Then reduce like Then proceed to the next measurement.

8. The adaptive time-varying parameter real-time estimation system based on weak measurement technology according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In the module M1.5, modulate the post-selected state and set the post-selection angle; When the size of the post-selection angle cannot be determined, in the weak coupling process (4) of the parameter measurement path, the known phase parameter g is set, and the interaction Expressed as At this time, the additional phase (5) is set to 0; Use light intensity as the detection index for detection, and the light intensity monitored by the light intensity change monitoring path is I0(t); the light intensity output by the parameter measurement path is When the weak measurement condition is satisfied, I(t)=I0(t)sin 2 [ε](1+2gImA w ); where, is the weak value, ImA w is the imaginary part of the weak value, <f|i> is the inner product of <f| and |i>; Use the known phase parameter g to determine the post-selection angle ε.

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