A software defined aviation data link ADS-B message receiving and sending method based on software defined radio platform

Abstract

The invention discloses a software-defined aviation data link ADS-B message receiving and sending method based on a software radio platform, wherein the platform includes a GNSS positioning module, a pressure altitude module, an aircraft flight control data module, a sending data processing module Raspberry Pi, a software radio sending module HackRF ONE, a sending antenna, a receiving antenna, a software radio receiving module HackRF ONE and a receiving data processing module Raspberry Pi; the method comprises: based on the platform, according to the electromagnetic spectrum situation of the monitored airspace, a software-defined aviation data link is selected to monitor the flight status of the aircraft, and data complementation and distributed base station data completion are performed at the same time, so as to realize unified continuous ADS-B message receiving and sending and monitoring of all aircraft in the airspace. The flight safety of unmanned aerial vehicles in low-altitude airspace near the ground is guaranteed, and the unmanned aerial vehicle air traffic control agency is convenient for real-time monitoring of the flight process of the unmanned aerial vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of air traffic management and radio technology, and in particular relates to a software defined aviation data link ADS-B message receiving and sending method based on a software radio platform. Background Art

[0002] The aircraft ADS-B signal transceiver device and method based on software radio is a technical means based on software radio sending equipment, which is carried on the aircraft and obtains positioning data through a positioning module, and then periodically broadcasts ADS-B messages to the surrounding airspace.

[0003] ADS-B is a technical means applied to traditional civil aircraft to achieve real-time air traffic control of civil aircraft. The information sent by ADS-B includes the current longitude, latitude, altitude, speed, call sign and other information. The current software-defined aviation data link mainly includes 1090ES data link (1090MHz Mode S Extended Squitter, 1090ES), Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) and Mode 4 VHF data link (VHF Digital Link MODE4, VDL-4), using frequencies of 1090MHz, 978MHz and 108-136.975MHz respectively. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a method for sending and receiving software-defined aviation data link ADS-B (Automatic Dependence Surveillance Broadcast) messages based on a software radio platform. The software radio platform is used to broadcast aircraft ADS-B automatic dependent surveillance messages by selecting different software defined aviation data links. At the same time, the ADS-B automatic dependent surveillance messages can be received and accessed to an aviation telecommunication network through a data processing module.

[0005] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A software defined aviation data link ADS-B message receiving and sending method based on a software radio platform, wherein the software radio platform comprises an airborne transmitting end and a ground receiving end; the airborne transmitting end comprises a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning module, a pressure altitude module, an aircraft flight control data module, a sending data processing module Raspberry Pi, a software radio sending module HackRF ONE, and a sending antenna; the ground receiving end comprises a receiving antenna, a software radio receiving module HackRF ONE, and a receiving data processing module Raspberry Pi;

[0007] The software defined aviation data link ADS-B message sending and receiving method based on software defined radio platform is:

[0008] Based on the software radio platform, according to the electromagnetic spectrum situation of the monitored airspace, the software-defined aviation data link is selected to monitor the flight status of the aircraft, and data complementation and distributed base station data are performed at the same time, ultimately achieving unified and continuous ADS-B message reception and monitoring of all aircraft in the airspace.

[0009] To optimize the above technical solutions, the specific measures taken also include:

[0010] The above-mentioned GNSS positioning module, air pressure altitude module, and aircraft flight control data module are respectively connected to the sending data processing module Raspberry Pi through serial ports, and the sending data processing module Raspberry Pi is connected to the software radio sending module HackRF ONE through a USB3.0 interface.

[0011] The software defined aviation data link is selected to monitor the flight status of the aircraft based on the software radio platform according to the electromagnetic spectrum situation of the monitored airspace, specifically including:

[0012] Step 1: When the aircraft enters the surveillance airspace, the software radio sending module HackRF ONE switches to the receiving state, monitors the possible aviation data link information in the airspace, analyzes the aviation data link used, and recommends the corresponding software-defined aviation data link or selects it according to the user's flexible needs;

[0013] Step 2: After the Raspberry Pi of the sending data processing module is powered on, the barometric altitude module and the GNSS positioning module transmit the barometric altitude data and the GNSS positioning data to the Raspberry Pi of the sending data processing module, waiting for the subsequent software-defined aviation data link to process;

[0014] Step 3: According to the format of the aviation data link defined by the software, the Raspberry Pi, the sending data processing module, further generates a sending file and transmits it to the software radio sending module HackRF ONE. The software radio sending module HackRF ONE enters the regular sending state and periodically broadcasts radiation into the monitored airspace through the sending antenna;

[0015] Step 4: Repeat steps 2 and 3.

[0016] The above-mentioned aircraft can receive and send current flight positioning data in a variety of modes, including:

[0017] Airborne transmitter: When the GNSS positioning module and pressure altitude module on the aircraft are not operating well or have a malfunction, the current position information of the aircraft is read from the flight control data module of the aircraft, and the ADS-B message is broadcast in the airspace after the Raspberry Pi, the sending data processing module, encodes it and the HackRF ONE, the software radio sending module, selects the software defined aviation data link;

[0018] Ground receiving end: Based on the software radio receiving module HackRF ONE, it receives all software-defined aviation data link aircraft ADS-B messages broadcast externally in the airspace.

[0019] The above-mentioned ground receiving end uses the receiving antenna to receive the software-defined aviation data link ADS-B broadcast message, which is received and amplified by the software radio receiving module HackRF ONE and then transmitted to the receiving data processing module Raspberry Pi via the data line. After decoding by the receiving data processing module Raspberry Pi, the position data of the aircraft at the time of broadcasting is parsed, and connected to the aviation telecommunication network through a wired interface, and transmitted to the air traffic control department for data integration and analysis, so as to continuously monitor the safe flight process of aircraft in the current airspace.

[0020] The above-mentioned data complementation and distributed base station data completion refer to: using a distributed ADS-B message completion method to complete the flight status information of each aircraft in areas with dense aviation traffic.

[0021] The above-mentioned data complementation and distributed base station data completion include:

[0022] Step 1: In the area with dense aviation traffic, the software-defined aviation data link ground receiving station based on the software radio platform first obtains the incomplete flight situation information of each aircraft;

[0023] Step 2: Using the broadcast characteristics of ADS-B messages, the flight situation information of each aircraft received by the ground receiving station in the non-aviation traffic dense area adjacent to the aviation traffic dense area in step 1 is used as the distributed ADS-B message completion data source;

[0024] Step 3: Send the flight status information of each aircraft received by the ground receiving station in the adjacent non-aviation traffic-intensive area in step 2 to the ground receiving station in the aviation traffic-intensive area in step 1 through the wired network port, and complete the received ADS-B message in the Raspberry Pi to achieve continuous monitoring of each aircraft.

[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The present invention uses a software radio platform to realize the software-defined aviation data link function. Through the software radio platform of the present invention, according to the electromagnetic spectrum situation of the monitored airspace, the software-defined aviation data link is flexibly selected to monitor the flight status of the aircraft, and at the same time, the platform's wired network port and serial port are used for data complementation and distributed base station data completion, ultimately realizing unified and continuous monitoring of all aircraft in the airspace from civil aircraft to low-altitude drones.

[0027] 1. Use software radio equipment to monitor three types of aviation data links and combine with Raspberry Pi to complete the format encapsulation of data sent by different aviation data links to realize software-defined aviation data links.

[0028] 2. By using the data processing unit in the software-defined aviation data link device and the Raspberry Pi's own wired network port and serial port, information fusion and data transmission between different data sources of the aircraft can be completed, realizing the multi-mode input and output of software-defined aviation data link data.

[0029] 3. The distributed ADS-B message completion method can alleviate channel congestion in areas with dense aviation traffic and realize real-time monitoring of aircraft position information in software-defined aviation data link spectrum congestion areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The present invention is a system composition diagram of an aviation data link ADS-B message transceiver device based on software radio;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a software-defined aviation data link multi-mode input method based on software radio of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a software-defined aviation data link multi-mode output method based on software radio of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a distributed software-defined aviation data link ADS-B message completion method for alleviating channel congestion in aviation traffic-intensive areas of the present invention;

[0034] The figures are marked as follows: 1-transmitting data processing module Raspberry Pi, 2-receiving data processing module Raspberry Pi, 3-software radio transmitting module HackRF ONE, 4-software radio receiving module HackRF ONE, 5-GNSS positioning module, 6-barometric altitude module, 7-aircraft flight control data module, 8-transmitting antenna, 9-ground receiving end including receiving antenna. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a method for sending and receiving software-defined aviation data link ADS-B messages based on a software radio platform is a device and method that uses a software radio platform to broadcast aircraft Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) automatic dependent surveillance messages by selecting different software defined aviation data links, and can also receive ADS-B automatic dependent surveillance messages and access an aviation telecommunication network through a data processing module, belonging to the fields of air traffic management and radio.

[0037] The software radio platform includes a Raspberry Pi data processing module, a Raspberry Pi receiving data processing module, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiving module, a pressure altitude module, a software radio transceiver module HackRF ONE, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, and a serial communication module. The modules use the UART serial port, I2C serial port, and USB3.0 interface of the Raspberry Pi for communication. The device can flexibly adjust the three software-defined aviation data links, namely 1090ES, UAT, and VDL-4, as needed, and then correctly send and receive ADS-B messages. It can search the current airspace and recommend software-defined aviation data links through the software radio receiving module HackRF ONE, and can also select software-defined aviation data links in advance according to user needs. The present invention can realize distributed ADS-B message completion in the case of crowded aviation data link spectrum in high flight traffic areas. At the same time, ADS-B monitoring technology can be applied to drones to realize overall monitoring of drone tracks, ensuring the flight safety of drones in low-altitude airspace near the ground, facilitating drone air traffic control agencies to monitor the flight process of drones in real time, providing track acquisition means for subsequent applications of drones, and preventing flight plan conflicts with civil aircraft.

[0038] Specifically, the software radio platform includes an airborne transmitter and a ground receiver;

[0039] The airborne transmitter includes a GNSS positioning module 5, a pressure altitude module 6, an aircraft flight control data module 7, a transmission data processing module Raspberry Pi 1, a software radio transmission module HackRF ONE 3, and a transmission antenna 8;

[0040] The ground receiving end includes a receiving antenna 9, a software radio receiving module HackRF ONE4 and a receiving data processing module Raspberry Pi 2;

[0041] In the embodiment, the GNSS positioning module 5, the barometric altitude module 6, and the aircraft flight control data module 7 are respectively connected to the sending data processing module Raspberry Pi 1 through the serial port, and the sending data processing module Raspberry Pi 1 is connected to the software radio sending module HackRF ONE3 through the USB3.0 interface.

[0042] The software defined aviation data link ADS-B message sending and receiving method based on software defined radio platform is:

[0043] Based on the software radio platform, according to the electromagnetic spectrum situation of the monitored airspace, the software-defined aviation data link is selected to monitor the flight status of the aircraft, and data complementation and distributed base station data are performed at the same time, ultimately achieving unified and continuous ADS-B message reception and monitoring of all aircraft in the airspace.

[0044] In the embodiment, based on the software radio platform, according to the electromagnetic spectrum situation of the monitored airspace, a software-defined aviation data link is selected to monitor the flight status of the aircraft, specifically including:

[0045] Step 1: When the aircraft enters the surveillance airspace, the software radio sending module HackRF ONE3 first switches to the receiving state, monitors the three possible aviation data link information in the airspace, analyzes the aviation data link used, and recommends the corresponding software-defined aviation data link or selects it according to the user's flexible needs;

[0046] Step 2: Connect the pressure altitude module 6 and the GNSS positioning module 5 to the I2C serial port B and UART serial port A of the sending data processing module Raspberry Pi 1 respectively. After the sending data processing module Raspberry Pi 1 is powered on, the GNSS positioning data X and the pressure altitude data H are transmitted to the sending data processing module Raspberry Pi 1 through the I2C serial port B and UART serial port A, waiting for the subsequent software-defined aviation data link ADS-B to send the message. and They are respectively the latitude, longitude and altitude positioning information sent by aircraft i at time t.

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] Step 3: According to the format of the software-defined aviation data link determined in step 2, the sending data processing module Raspberry Pi 1 further generates a sending file, which is transmitted to the software radio sending module HackRF ONE3 via the USB3.0 interface. The software radio sending module HackRF ONE3 enters a regular sending state and periodically broadcasts radiation into the monitored airspace through the sending antenna 8;

[0050] Step 4: Then repeat steps 2 and 3.

[0051] The software defined aviation data link transceiver device based on software radio of the present invention can receive and send the flight positioning data at the current moment through multiple modes.

[0052] Airborne transmitter: When the GNSS positioning module 5 and the pressure altitude module 6 on the aircraft are not operating in ideal conditions or have malfunctions, the current position information of the aircraft is read from the flight control data module 7 using the UART serial port C, and the ADS-B message is broadcast in the airspace after the data processing module Raspberry Pi 1 performs encoding processing and the software radio transmission module HackRF ONE3 selects the software defined aviation data link;

[0053] Ground receiving end: Based on the software radio receiving module HackRF ONE4, all software-defined aviation data link aircraft ADS-B messages broadcasted externally in the airspace are received. On the basis of the reception of the large-scale ADS-B receiving equipment of the air traffic control department, after receiving using the high-sensitivity receiving antenna 9 of the present invention, the auxiliary receiving software-defined aviation data link ADS-B broadcast message is received and amplified by the software radio receiving module HackRF ONE4, and the signal is transmitted to the receiving data processing module Raspberry Pi 2 via the data line. After decoding by the receiving data processing module Raspberry Pi 2, the position data of the aircraft at the time of broadcasting is parsed, and connected to the aviation telecommunication network through a wired interface, and transmitted to the air traffic control department for data integration and analysis, so as to continuously monitor the safe flight process of aircraft in the current airspace.

[0054] When the spectrum of the software-defined aviation data link used in the airspace is congested, the ground receiving equipment can access the aviation telecommunication network through the wired network port of the receiving data processing module Raspberry Pi 2, receive the software-defined aviation data link ADS-B messages broadcast by all aircraft in the airspace and send them to the aviation telecommunication network. At the same time, the aircraft track information can be received through the aviation telecommunication network to achieve continuous monitoring of aircraft in the airspace.

[0055] Data complementation and distributed base station data completion refer to:

[0056] In areas with dense aviation traffic, such as near airports, each aircraft sends ADS-B messages intensively, and the probability of ADS-B message collision increases sharply under the same aviation data link spectrum, making it difficult for the ground receiving end to continuously receive the perception information of the current air traffic situation of each aircraft. The distributed ADS-B message completion method can be used to complete the flight situation information of each aircraft. Including:

[0057] Step 1: In areas with dense aviation traffic, the software-defined aviation data link ground receiving station R1 based on the software radio platform first obtains incomplete flight status information of each aircraft.

[0058] Ground receiver R1 in the area of ​​dense aviation traffic, due to excessive aviation traffic, the aircraft broadcasts track data [X (i，t+1) , H (i，t+1) ] could not be received normally, only incomplete track information was received [X (i，t) , H (i，t) ]、[X (i，t+2) , H (i，t+2) ].

[0059] Step 2: Utilizing the broadcast characteristics of ADS-B messages, the flight status information of each aircraft received by the ground receiving station R2 in the non-aviation traffic-intensive area adjacent to the aviation traffic-intensive area in step 1 is used as the distributed ADS-B message completion data source.

[0060] Step 3: Send the flight status information of each aircraft received by the ground receiving station R2 in the adjacent non-aviation traffic-intensive area in step 2 to the ground receiving station R1 in the aviation traffic-intensive area in step 1 through the wired network port, and complete the received ADS-B message in the Raspberry Pi to achieve continuous monitoring of each aircraft.

[0061] In summary, the present invention can assist in monitoring the flight path of low-altitude UAVs. Thanks to the extremely small weight of the Raspberry Pi and the software radio sending module HackRF ONE, the total weight does not exceed 250 grams, so that the UAV can be equipped with a software-defined aviation data link sending device based on a software radio platform, so that the ground receiving station can continuously monitor the flight path of the UAV in the low-altitude airspace. The UAV is equipped with a software-defined aviation data link sending device based on a software radio platform and a software-defined aviation data link is selected for sending. After that, the software-defined aviation data link sending device of the airborne software radio platform encapsulates the acquired longitude, latitude and altitude information according to the message sending format of the selected software-defined aviation data link, and broadcasts the ADS-B message to the monitored airspace through the software radio sending module HackRF ONE. The software-defined aviation data link receiving device of the ground software radio platform is used for receiving. And it is sorted, stored and analyzed to realize the low-altitude flight path monitoring of the UAV.

[0062] The device of the present invention includes a set of Raspberry Pi for sending and receiving to perform data reception processing and corresponding software-defined aviation data link data format encapsulation, wherein the sending side broadcasts the ADS-B message of a single aircraft to the outside after selecting the software-defined aviation data link through the software radio device, and the receiving side can receive all ADS-B messages in the coverage area. At the same time, the present invention uses the ADS-B broadcast characteristics and the wired network port of the Raspberry Pi to access the aviation telecommunications network for positioning data transmission, and uses distributed multi-ground receiving stations to complete the monitoring data of the spectrum congested area. And because the weight of the equipment composed of each module of the present invention is relatively light, it is possible to realize track monitoring on flying equipment with limited load and small size such as drones.

[0063] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for sending and receiving software defined aviation data link ADS-B messages based on a software defined radio platform, characterized in that: The software radio platform comprises an airborne transmitting end and a ground receiving end; the airborne transmitting end comprises a GNSS positioning module (5), a pressure altitude module (6), an aircraft flight control data module (7), a transmitting data processing module Raspberry Pi (1), a software radio transmitting module HackRF ONE (3), and a transmitting antenna (8); the ground receiving end comprises a receiving antenna (9), a software radio receiving module HackRF ONE (4), and a receiving data processing module Raspberry Pi (2); The software defined aviation data link ADS-B message receiving and sending method based on software defined radio platform is: Based on the software radio platform, according to the electromagnetic spectrum situation of the monitored airspace, the software-defined aviation data link is selected to monitor the flight status of the aircraft, and data complementation and distributed base station data are performed at the same time, and finally the unified continuous ADS-B message reception and monitoring of all aircraft in the airspace is realized; The software defined aviation data link is selected to monitor the flight status of the aircraft based on the software radio platform according to the electromagnetic spectrum situation of the monitored airspace, specifically including: Step 1: When the aircraft enters the surveillance airspace, the software radio transmission module HackRF ONE (3) switches to the receiving state, monitors the possible aviation data link information in the airspace, analyzes the aviation data link used and recommends the corresponding software-defined aviation data link or selects it according to the user's flexible needs; Step 2: After the Raspberry Pi (1) sending data processing module is powered on, the barometric altitude module (6) and the GNSS positioning module (5) transmit the barometric altitude data and the GNSS positioning data to the Raspberry Pi (1) sending data processing module, and wait for the subsequent software-defined aviation data link to process; Step 3: According to the format of the aviation data link defined by the software, the sending data processing module Raspberry Pi (1) further generates a sending file and transmits it to the software radio sending module HackRF ONE (3). The software radio sending module HackRF ONE (3) enters a regular sending state and periodically broadcasts radiation into the monitored airspace through the sending antenna (8); Step 4: Repeat steps 2 and 3; The data complementation and distributed base station data completion refer to: using a distributed ADS-B message completion method to complete the flight situation information of each aircraft in an area with dense aviation traffic; The data complementation and distributed base station data completion include: Step 1: In the area with dense aviation traffic, the software-defined aviation data link ground receiving station based on the software radio platform first obtains the incomplete flight situation information of each aircraft; Step 2: Using the broadcast characteristics of ADS-B messages, the flight situation information of each aircraft received by the ground receiving station in the non-aviation traffic dense area adjacent to the aviation traffic dense area in step 1 is used as the distributed ADS-B message completion data source; Step 3: Send the flight status information of each aircraft received by the ground receiving station in the adjacent non-aviation traffic-intensive area in step 2 to the ground receiving station in the aviation traffic-intensive area in step 1 through the wired network port, and complete the received ADS-B message in the Raspberry Pi to achieve continuous monitoring of each aircraft.

2. A method for sending and receiving software defined aviation data link ADS-B messages based on a software defined radio platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The GNSS positioning module (5), the barometric altitude module (6), and the aircraft flight control data module (7) are respectively connected to the Raspberry Pi (1) data transmission processing module via a serial port, and the Raspberry Pi (1) data transmission processing module is connected to the software radio transmission module HackRF ONE (3) via a USB3.0 interface.

3. The method for sending and receiving software defined aviation data link ADS-B messages based on a software defined radio platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aircraft can receive and send current flight positioning data in a variety of modes, including: Airborne transmitter: When the GNSS positioning module (5) and the pressure altitude module (6) on the aircraft are not in ideal operating condition or have an operating failure, the current position information of the aircraft is read from the flight control data module (7) of the aircraft, and the ADS-B message is broadcast in the airspace after the encoding processing is performed by the sending data processing module Raspberry Pi (1) and the software radio sending module HackRF ONE (3) selects the software defined aviation data link; Ground receiving end: Based on the software radio receiving module HackRF ONE(4), it receives all the ADS-B messages broadcasted by software-defined aviation data link aircraft in the airspace.

4. A method for sending and receiving software defined aviation data link ADS-B messages based on a software defined radio platform according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ground receiving end uses a receiving antenna (9) to receive the software-defined aviation data link ADS-B broadcast message, which is then received and amplified by a software radio receiving module HackRF ONE (4) and then transmitted to a receiving data processing module Raspberry Pi (2) via a data line. The receiving data processing module Raspberry Pi (2) decodes and parses the position data of the aircraft at the time of broadcasting, connects to an aviation telecommunication network through a wired interface, and transmits the data to an air traffic control department for data integration and analysis, thereby continuously monitoring the safe flight process of aircraft in the current airspace.

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