A millimeter wave beam alignment method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for aligning a millimeter wave beam, comprising: detecting whether a terminal has accessed for the first time at multiple locations within the coverage area of ​​a base station; when a terminal is detected to have accessed the base station for the first time at one of the multiple locations, performing beam scanning using a binary hierarchical search algorithm to record the beam tag and the terminal location; storing the recorded beam tag and terminal location in the base station to form historical data; detecting whether a terminal has accessed within the coverage area of ​​the base station, and determining the beam to which the terminal needs to connect based on the relationship between the location information fed back by the terminal and the historical data. The present invention has the following beneficial effects: it reduces the time complexity and communication delay of the algorithm, and overcomes the defect that the traditional beam alignment method based on terminal location is not applicable in non-line-of-sight areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of communication technology, and more particularly to a method for aligning a millimeter wave beam. Background Art

[0002] With the advent of the Internet of Everything (IoE) era, traditional 4G communications are increasingly unable to meet people's growing communication needs, giving rise to millimeter-wave (mmWave)-based 5G communication technology. Because mmWaves have shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than traditional communication bands, they are more susceptible to attenuation during propagation and have weaker diffraction capabilities. To overcome this shortcoming, multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) technology is often used to beam-focus mmWaves to mitigate the high attenuation during propagation. While mmWave beamforming improves communication efficiency and directionality, it also presents the challenge of beam alignment. To address this issue, IEEE 802.15.3c WPAN proposes a hierarchical search algorithm based on a layered codebook. Several beam alignment methods based on terminal location have also been discussed in the literature.

[0003] While existing hierarchical search algorithms based on layered codebooks can provide optimal beam alignment solutions, they are computationally intensive and require a certain amount of time for beam scanning before establishing a connection, which conflicts with the need for low-latency communication. In particular, for high-speed mobile terminals, frequent beam switching and alignment are required, and the communication delay introduced by beam scanning is even more significant. Although scanning algorithms based on binary search can reduce the time complexity of scanning algorithms to a certain extent, they also introduce the problem of error propagation (i.e., if one step in the middle fails, all subsequent searches will fail). While beam alignment methods based on terminal position can achieve rapid alignment, they are only suitable for line-of-sight communication scenarios. In non-line-of-sight scenarios, the beam on the base station connection from the terminal will pass through obstacles, so the intensity of some reflected waves may be higher. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a millimeter wave beam alignment method to solve the problems of existing beam alignment methods.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a millimeter wave beam alignment method, comprising:

[0006] Detecting whether a terminal has accessed the base station for the first time at multiple locations within the base station's coverage area. When a terminal is detected to have accessed the base station for the first time at one of the multiple locations, a binary hierarchical search algorithm is used to perform beam scanning to record the beam tag and the terminal's location.

[0007] The recorded beam tags and terminal positions are stored in the base station to form historical data;

[0008] It is detected whether there is a terminal access within the coverage area of ​​the base station, and the beam that the terminal needs to connect to is determined based on the relationship between the location information fed back by the terminal and the historical data.

[0009] The method includes detecting whether a terminal has first-time access at multiple locations within the coverage area of ​​the base station, and when it is detected that the terminal has first accessed the base station at one of the multiple locations, performing beam scanning using a binary hierarchical search algorithm to record the beam tag and the terminal location, including:

[0010] Use a quasi-omnidirectional beam to scan half of the base station's coverage area. If no terminal is present, the other half is divided into two equal parts, and scanning continues in one of the two parts. If a terminal is present, the current half is divided into two equal parts, and scanning continues in one of the two parts. The terminal is in omnidirectional mode.

[0011] A reference signal strength threshold and a reference signal quality threshold are set. When the signal strength fed back by the terminal is less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is less than the reference signal quality threshold, the terminal feeds back the first n beams with the highest signal strength to the base station, and records the angular range of these beams to use this angular range as a further search area. If the signal strength fed back by the terminal is not less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is not less than the reference signal quality threshold, the binary hierarchical search algorithm is continued to search until the terminal is within the coverage range of any beam, and the angular range of this beam is recorded to use this angular range as a further search area.

[0012] The method further includes detecting whether a terminal has first-time access at multiple locations within the coverage area of ​​the base station, and when it is detected that the terminal has first accessed the base station at one of the multiple locations, performing beam scanning using a binary hierarchical search algorithm to record the beam tag and the terminal location.

[0013] Use sector-level beams to scan half of the base station's coverage area. If no terminal is present, the other half is divided into two equal parts, and scanning continues in one of the two parts. If a terminal is present, the current half is divided into two equal parts, and scanning continues in one of the two parts. The terminal is in omnidirectional mode.

[0014] A reference signal strength threshold and a reference signal quality threshold are set. When the signal strength fed back by the terminal is less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is less than the reference signal quality threshold, the terminal feeds back the first n beams with the highest signal strength to the base station, and records the angular range of these beams to use this angular range as a further search area. If the signal strength fed back by the terminal is not less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is not less than the reference signal quality threshold, the binary hierarchical search algorithm is continued to search until the terminal is within the coverage range of any beam, and the angular range of this beam is recorded to use this angular range as a further search area.

[0015] The method further includes detecting whether a terminal has first-time access at multiple locations within the coverage area of ​​the base station, and when it is detected that the terminal has first accessed the base station at one of the multiple locations, performing beam scanning using a binary hierarchical search algorithm to record the beam tag and the terminal location.

[0016] Use beam-level beams to scan half of the base station coverage area. If no terminal exists, the other half is divided into two equal parts, and one of the two parts is scanned continuously. If a terminal exists, the current half is divided into two equal parts, and one of the two parts is scanned continuously. The terminal is in omnidirectional mode.

[0017] Set a reference signal strength threshold and a reference signal quality threshold. When the signal strength fed back by the terminal is less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is less than the reference signal quality threshold, the terminal feeds back the top n beams with the highest signal strength to the base station and records the angular range of these beams as the further search area. If the signal strength fed back by the terminal is not less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is not less than the reference signal quality threshold, continue to search using the binary hierarchical search algorithm until the terminal is within the coverage range of any beam. Record the angular range of this beam as the further search area to obtain the optimal beam, record the beam label and terminal position.

[0018] The step of storing the recorded beam tags and terminal positions in the base station to form historical data includes:

[0019] Count the terminals detected at multiple locations within the coverage area of ​​the base station to obtain a statistical table {B, S, X}, where B = {b1, b2, ..., b m}, S={s1, s2, ..., s m}, X={x1, x2, ..., x m}, b i represents the i-th beam, s i represents the coverage of the i-th beam, x i Indicates that in all historical statistics, through b iThe terminal location set that establishes a connection with the base station; i The location and area are determined by b i Terminal location for establishing connection, beam b i The solid angle and the optical path that the millimeter wave travels from the base station to the terminal are jointly determined.

[0020] The recorded beam tags and terminal positions are stored in the base station to form historical data:

[0021] The statistical form records data within a preset time period and deletes data outside the preset time period.

[0022] The detecting whether a terminal has accessed within the coverage of the base station, and determining a beam to be connected to the terminal based on a relationship between location information fed back by the terminal and the historical data, includes:

[0023] Adopting quasi-omnidirectional beam search terminal;

[0024] After finding the terminal, the terminal immediately feeds back its own location information x to the base station;

[0025] The base station determines whether the terminal position x belongs to If it does not belong to, then perform beam scanning; if it does, then determine whether x belongs to the coverage area of ​​one or more beams at the same time. If x only belongs to s a , then directly through beam b a Establish communication. If x is covered by multiple beams at the same time, the beam with the highest terminal connection probability among the coverage areas of multiple beams in the statistical table {B, S, X} is connected.

[0026] The terminal measures the signal strength of multiple beams. If the signal strength of any beam is higher than the signal strength of the currently connected beam, the beam to be connected is changed to the beam with higher signal strength.

[0027] Also includes:

[0028] Repeat the steps and detect whether a terminal accesses the base station for the first time at multiple locations within the coverage area of ​​the base station. When it is detected that the terminal accesses the base station for the first time at one of the multiple locations, a binary hierarchical search algorithm is used to perform beam scanning to record the beam tag and terminal position to re-establish communication and record it.

[0029] Also includes:

[0030] If the beam pair needs to be found through the repeated steps for multiple times, the beam coverage area of ​​the current terminal position is deleted, and the beam coverage area is re-established based on multiple communication results and stored in the base station.

[0031] On the one hand, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein a plurality of instructions are stored in the storage medium, and the instructions are suitable for being loaded by a processor to execute the above-mentioned method for aligning a millimeter wave beam.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: utilizing the collaborative working mode of terminal position and beam scanning, beam alignment is first achieved through beam scanning, and then the alignment result is stored in the base station. In the subsequent connection process, beam alignment can be achieved only through a query form, thereby reducing the time complexity of the algorithm and communication delay; on the other hand, the pairing of position and beam is obtained based on the measurement results of the terminal, thereby overcoming the defect that the traditional beam alignment method based on terminal position is not applicable in non-line-of-sight areas; the binary beam scanning algorithm is also modified to overcome the defect that error propagation occurs during the search process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a millimeter wave beam alignment method provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of millimeter wave beam coverage provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0038] In the present invention, the word "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, illustration or description". Any embodiment described in the present invention as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The following description is given to enable any person skilled in the art to implement and use the present invention. In the following description, details are listed for the purpose of explanation. It should be understood that a person of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that the present invention can be implemented without using these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the description of the present invention with unnecessary details. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.

[0039] The present invention proposes a millimeter wave beam alignment method based on the coordination of terminal location and beam scanning. Since the physical environment of a millimeter wave base station is relatively stable after deployment and generally does not undergo drastic changes, the coverage range of each beam does not change significantly. Therefore, when a terminal first establishes a connection with a base station, a beam scanning algorithm is used to find the optimal beam pair and store it. The next time a terminal passes nearby, the previously stored result can be directly called for a direct connection, and the beam scanning algorithm can then be used for fine-tuning. This shortens beam alignment time while ensuring accuracy.

[0040] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 1 is a flow chart of a millimeter wave beam alignment method provided by one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the millimeter wave beam alignment method includes S1-S3:

[0041] S1. Detect whether a terminal accesses the base station for the first time at multiple locations within the coverage area of ​​the base station. When it is detected that the terminal accesses the base station for the first time at one of the multiple locations, use a binary hierarchical search algorithm to perform beam scanning to record the beam tag and terminal location.

[0042] In this embodiment, a millimeter wave base station is deployed in an area where millimeter wave communication is required, and the millimeter waves are beamed using a defined code book. After the base station is deployed, when a terminal at a certain location needs to access the base station for the first time, an improved binary hierarchical search algorithm is used for beam scanning.

[0043] Step S1 includes steps S11-S13:

[0044] S11. Use a quasi-omnidirectional beam to perform beam scanning on half of the base station coverage area. If there is no terminal, divide the other half of the area into two equal parts, and continue to scan one of the two parts; if there is a terminal, divide the current half of the area into two equal parts, and continue to scan one of the two parts, wherein the terminal turns on the omnidirectional mode; set a reference signal strength threshold and a reference signal quality threshold. When the signal strength fed back by the terminal is less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is less than the reference signal quality threshold, the terminal feeds back the top n beams with the highest signal strength to the base station, and records the angular ranges of these beams to use this angular range as a further search area; if the signal strength fed back by the terminal is not less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is not less than the reference signal quality threshold, continue to use the binary hierarchical search algorithm to search until the terminal is in the coverage area of ​​any beam, and record the angular range of this beam to use this angular range as a further search area.

[0045] In this embodiment, the improved binary hierarchical search algorithm takes the following traveling beam as an example, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0046] The terminal turns on the omnidirectional mode, and the base station starts beam scanning using a quasi-omnidirectional beam based on the codebook.

[0047] Scan half of the space. If there is no terminal, divide the other half into two equal parts and scan one half. If there is a terminal, divide the current area into two equal parts and continue to scan one half.

[0048] Define the thresholds P and Q for the reference signal strength (RSRP) and reference signal quality (RSRQ). When the RSRP and RSRQ reported by the terminal satisfy RSRP < P and RSRQ < Q, the terminal is in the overlapping area of ​​multiple beams. Continuing to use binary scanning may result in range selection errors, making it impossible to find the optimal beam.

[0049] If RSRP < P, RSRQ < Q, the terminal sends feedback to the base station for the top n beams with the highest RSRP values ​​and records the angular range of these beams as the area for further search. If RSRP < P, RSRQ < Q, the terminal continues to use binary search until it is within the coverage area of ​​a beam. The angular range of this beam is recorded and used as the area for further search.

[0050] S12. Use sector-level beams to perform beam scanning on half of the base station coverage area. If there is no terminal, divide the other half of the area into two equal parts, and continue to scan one of the two parts; if there is a terminal, divide the current half of the area into two equal parts, and continue to scan one of the two parts, wherein the terminal turns on the omnidirectional mode; set the reference signal strength threshold and the reference signal quality threshold. When the signal strength fed back by the terminal is less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is less than the reference signal quality threshold, the terminal feeds back the top n beams with the highest signal strength to the base station, and records the angular ranges of these beams to use this angular range as a further search area; if the signal strength fed back by the terminal is not less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is not less than the reference signal quality threshold, continue to use the binary hierarchical search algorithm to search until the terminal is in the coverage area of ​​any beam, and record the angular range of this beam to use this angular range as a further search area.

[0051] In this embodiment, step S11 is repeated using sector-level beams to continue scanning.

[0052] S13. Use beam-level beams to perform beam scanning on half of the area covered by the base station. If there is no terminal, divide the other half of the area into two equal parts, and continue to scan one of the two parts; if there is a terminal, divide the current half of the area into two equal parts, and continue to scan one of the two parts, wherein the terminal turns on the omnidirectional mode; set the reference signal strength threshold and the reference signal quality threshold. When the signal strength fed back by the terminal is less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is less than the reference signal quality threshold, the terminal feeds back the top n beams with the highest signal strength to the base station, and records the angular ranges of these beams to use this angular range as a further search area; if the signal strength fed back by the terminal is not less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is not less than the reference signal quality threshold, continue to use the binary hierarchical search algorithm to search until the terminal is in the coverage range of any beam, record the angular range of this beam to use this angular range as a further search area, thereby obtaining the best beam, and record the beam label and terminal position.

[0053] In this embodiment, step S11 is repeated using a beam-level beam to continue scanning, and finally an optimal beam is obtained, and the label of the beam and the terminal position are recorded.

[0054] S2. Storing the recorded beam tags and terminal positions in the base station to form historical data; Step S2 includes step S21:

[0055] S21. Count the terminals detected at multiple locations within the coverage of the base station to obtain a statistical table {B, S, X}, where B = {b1, b2, ..., b m}, S={s1, s2, ..., s m}, X={x1, x2, ..., x m}, b i represents the i-th beam, s i represents the coverage of the i-th beam, x i Indicates that in all historical statistics, through b i The terminal location set that establishes a connection with the base station; i The location and area are determined by b i Terminal location for establishing connection, beam b i The solid angle and the optical path of the millimeter wave from the base station to the terminal are jointly determined. The statistical form records data within a preset time and deletes data outside the preset time.

[0056] In this embodiment, the beam tag and terminal position recorded in step S1 are stored in the base station. After repeated statistics, a statistical table {B, S, X} of the beam and its coverage is finally obtained, where B = {b1, b2, ..., b m}, S={s1, s2, ..., s m}, X={x1, x2, ..., x m}where b i represents the i-th beam, s i represents the coverage of the i-th beam, x i Indicates that in all historical statistics, through b i The location set of terminals that establish connection with the base station. i The location and area are determined by b i Terminal location for establishing connection, beam b i The solid angle and the optical path of the millimeter wave from the base station to the terminal are jointly determined. i When the terminal can pass beam b i Establish communication with the base station. To ensure that the amount of data does not continue to grow and exceed the storage load of the base station, this table will only record data within T time, and data exceeding T time will be deleted.

[0057] Specifically, b i 、s i The divisions such as Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of millimeter wave beam coverage provided by an embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen that the coverage of different beams overlaps, such as s a 、s b and s c The terminal may also establish non-line-of-sight communication. Different from the traditional line-of-sight beam alignment method based on the terminal, the terminal establishes communication through reflected waves, such as s e shown.

[0058] S3, detecting whether there is a terminal access within the coverage area of ​​the base station, and determining the beam that the terminal needs to connect to based on the relationship between the location information fed back by the terminal and the historical data. Step S3 includes steps S31-S34:

[0059] S31. Use quasi-omnidirectional beam search terminal.

[0060] In this embodiment, when a new terminal wants to establish a connection with a base station, the base station first searches for the terminal using a quasi-omnidirectional beam.

[0061] S32: After the terminal is found, the terminal immediately feeds back its own location information x to the base station.

[0062] S33, the base station determines whether the terminal position x belongs to If it does not belong to, then perform beam scanning; if it does, then determine whether x belongs to the coverage area of ​​one or more beams at the same time. If x only belongs to s a , then directly through beam b a To establish communication, if x belongs to the coverage area of ​​multiple beams at the same time, the beam with the highest terminal connection probability among the coverage areas of multiple beams in the statistical table {B, S, X} is selected for connection.

[0063] In this embodiment, the base station determines whether the terminal position x belongs to If it does not belong to the beam, then perform beam scanning according to step S1; if it does, determine which beams x belongs to at the same time. If x only belongs to s a , then directly through beam b a Establish communication, if x belongs to the coverage area of ​​multiple beams at the same time, specifically, x∈s a ∩s b ∩s c For example, in the form {B, S, X}, the one belonging to s a ∩s b ∩s c The beam with the highest connection probability among the terminals is connected.

[0064] S34. The terminal measures the signal strength of multiple beams. If there is a beam with a higher signal strength than the currently connected beam, the beam to be connected is changed to the beam with higher signal strength.

[0065] In this embodiment, the terminal measures beam b at the same time. a 、b b 、b c If there is a beam with an RSRP value much higher than the current beam, the communication beam is changed.

[0066] Preferably, the millimeter wave beam alignment method further includes steps S4-S5:

[0067] S4. Repeat the steps to detect whether a terminal accesses the base station for the first time at multiple locations within the coverage area of ​​the base station. When it is detected that the terminal accesses the base station for the first time at one of the multiple locations, a binary hierarchical search algorithm is used to perform beam scanning to record the beam tag and terminal position to re-establish communication and record.

[0068] In this embodiment, step S4 is a repeated step. This is because although the terrain near the base station is basically unchanged, the coverage area s of all beams is i The environment may change due to external factors such as construction, natural disasters, etc., which may make it impossible to establish communication between the terminal and the base station according to step S3. In this case, step S1 (i.e., step S4) needs to be repeated to re-establish communication and record it.

[0069] S5. If the beam pair needs to be found through the repeated steps for multiple times, the beam coverage area of ​​the current terminal position is deleted, and the beam coverage area is re-established based on multiple communication results and stored in the base station.

[0070] In this embodiment, if step S1 (i.e., step S4) is required to find the beam pair three times in a row, it means that the communication environment here has changed drastically, and the beam coverage area near the current terminal position needs to be deleted, and the beam coverage area is re-established based on the results of the three communications and stored in the base station.

[0071] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be accomplished through instructions, or by controlling related hardware through instructions. The instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and loaded and executed by a processor. To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a storage medium storing a plurality of instructions that can be loaded by a processor to execute the steps of any of the millimeter wave beam alignment methods provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0072] The storage medium may include a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc.

[0073] Since the instructions stored in the storage medium can execute the steps in any millimeter wave beam alignment method provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the beneficial effects that can be achieved by any millimeter wave beam alignment method provided in the embodiments of the present invention can be achieved. Please refer to the previous embodiments for details and will not be repeated here.

[0074] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A millimeter wave beam alignment method, characterized in that: include: S1. Detecting whether a terminal has first-time access at multiple locations within the base station coverage area. When a terminal is detected to have first-time access to the base station at one of the multiple locations, performing beam scanning using a binary hierarchical search algorithm to record the beam tag and terminal location; including: S11. Use a quasi-omnidirectional beam to perform beam scanning on half of the base station coverage area. If no terminal is present, divide the other half of the area into two equal parts, and continue scanning one of the two parts. If a terminal is present, divide the current half of the area into two equal parts, and continue scanning one of the two parts. The terminal is in omnidirectional mode. Set a reference signal strength threshold and a reference signal quality threshold. When the signal strength fed back by the terminal is less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is less than the reference signal quality threshold, the terminal feeds back the first n beams with the highest signal strength to the base station and records the angular range of these beams as a further search area. If the signal strength fed back by the terminal is not less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is not less than the reference signal quality threshold, continue to search using the binary hierarchical search algorithm until the terminal is within the coverage of any beam, and record the angular range of this beam as a further search area. S12. Use sector-level beams to perform beam scanning on half of the base station coverage area. If no terminal is present, divide the other half of the area into two equal parts, and continue scanning one of the two parts. If a terminal is present, divide the current half of the area into two equal parts, and continue scanning one of the two parts. The terminal is in omnidirectional mode. Set a reference signal strength threshold and a reference signal quality threshold. When the signal strength fed back by the terminal is less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is less than the reference signal quality threshold, the terminal feeds back the first n beams with the highest signal strength to the base station and records the angular range of these beams as a further search area. If the signal strength fed back by the terminal is not less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is not less than the reference signal quality threshold, continue to search using the binary hierarchical search algorithm until the terminal is within the coverage of any beam, and record the angular range of this beam as a further search area. S13. Use beam-level beams to perform beam scanning on half of the area covered by the base station. If no terminal exists, divide the other half of the area into two equal parts, and continue scanning one of the two parts. If a terminal exists, divide the current half of the area into two equal parts, and continue scanning one of the two parts. The terminal is in omnidirectional mode. Set a reference signal strength threshold and a reference signal quality threshold. When the signal strength fed back by the terminal is less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is less than the reference signal quality threshold, the terminal feeds back the first n beams with the highest signal strength to the base station and records the angular range of these beams as the further search area. If the signal strength fed back by the terminal is not less than the reference signal strength threshold and the signal quality is not less than the reference signal quality threshold, continue searching using the binary hierarchical search algorithm until the terminal is within the coverage of any beam. Record the angular range of this beam as the further search area to obtain the optimal beam, record the beam label and terminal position. S2. Storing the recorded beam tags and terminal positions in the base station to form historical data; including: Count the terminals detected at multiple locations within the coverage area of ​​the base station to obtain a statistical table {B, S, X}, where B = {b1, b2, ..., b m }, S={s1,s2,…,s m }, X={x1,x2,…,x m }, b i represents the i-th beam, s i represents the coverage of the i-th beam, x i Indicates that in all historical statistics, through b i The terminal location set that establishes a connection with the base station; i The location and area are determined by b i Terminal location for establishing connection, beam b i The solid angle and the optical path of the millimeter wave from the base station to the terminal are jointly determined; S3. Detecting whether a terminal has accessed within the coverage area of ​​the base station, and determining a beam to which the terminal needs to connect based on a relationship between location information fed back by the terminal and the historical data, including: Adopting quasi-omnidirectional beam search terminal; After finding the terminal, the terminal immediately feeds back its own location information x to the base station; The base station determines whether the terminal position x belongs to If it does not belong to, then perform beam scanning; if it does, then determine whether x belongs to the coverage area of ​​one or more beams at the same time. If x only belongs to s a , then directly through beam b a Establish communication. If x is covered by multiple beams at the same time, the beam with the highest terminal connection probability among the coverage areas of multiple beams in the statistical table {B, S, X} is connected. The terminal measures the signal strength of multiple beams. If the signal strength of any beam is higher than the signal strength of the currently connected beam, the beam to be connected is changed to the beam with higher signal strength.

2. The millimeter wave beam alignment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The recorded beam tags and terminal positions are stored in the base station to form historical data: The statistical form records data within a preset time period and deletes data outside the preset time period.

3. The millimeter wave beam alignment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Repeat the steps and detect whether a terminal accesses the base station for the first time at multiple locations within the coverage area of ​​the base station. When it is detected that the terminal accesses the base station for the first time at one of the multiple locations, a binary hierarchical search algorithm is used to perform beam scanning to record the beam tag and terminal position to re-establish communication and record it.

4. The method for aligning a millimeter wave beam according to claim 3, wherein: Also includes: If the beam pair needs to be found through the repeated steps for multiple times, the beam coverage area of ​​the current terminal position is deleted, and the beam coverage area is re-established based on multiple communication results and stored in the base station.

5. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The storage medium stores a plurality of instructions, which are suitable for being loaded by a processor to execute the millimeter wave beam alignment method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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