Modular building plan optimization method considering natural shading

Abstract

A kind of modular building plane optimization method considering natural shading, first obtain the height of the building to be designed, building plane area and plane building edge range, obtain the local lighting condition of building construction site, establish modular plane grid model according to the plane building edge range, establish initial plane model with the variable of whether each grid has, form initial building model, obtain the comprehensive shading rate of corresponding initial building model, judge whether the comprehensive shading rate of current initial building model meets optimization requirement, if not meet optimization requirement, adjust variable grid to update model, obtain the preliminary optimized plane model, determine the range that grid can move, establish the plane model after moving, obtain the comprehensive shading rate of corresponding building model after moving, judge whether the current building model after moving meets secondary optimization requirement, obtain the final optimized building model.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of intelligent design of building plane, and in particular to a modular building plane optimization method considering natural shading. BACKGROUND

[0002] The climate in tropical regions is hot, the construction conditions and natural conditions are poor, and the construction cost is extremely high. Even after the building is completed, it still faces the problem of poor natural living environment and poor comfort. Modular building is an industrialized system formed by pre-assembling in the factory, transporting to the site and quickly installing with less work. This modular building system can reduce construction cost and environmental impact and greatly improve building quality. However, due to the limitation of basic module size and specification, the building plane layout design space is small and difficult, and even repeated analysis and comparison is difficult to obtain an ideal plane layout, and it is impossible to maximize the use of natural shading. In order to solve the problem that the natural shading cannot be maximized in the modular building plane layout design, the present application provides a modular building plane optimization method considering natural shading, which maximizes the use of natural shading by intelligent method according to the local sunshine characteristics, greatly improves the living quality, and realizes the automatic generation of modular building plane layout in tropical regions. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a modular building plane optimization method considering natural shading, which takes building control parameters as optimization variables and takes building plane comprehensive shading rate as optimization target, and realizes automatic intelligent layout optimization of building plane through optimization technology, to solve the technical problem of maximizing the use of natural shading in modular building.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0005] A modular building plane optimization method considering natural shading comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: According to the design task book, the height h of the building to be designed, the building plane area S and the plane building boundary range are obtained. z

[0007] Step 2: Obtain the solar elevation angle of the coldest day and the minimum sunshine time t0 of the local building construction site;

[0008] Step 3, define the comprehensive shading rate calculation formula as:

[0009]

[0010] In the formula: E is the comprehensive shading rate, t i ​The light time of the reference surface for the i-th sunshine is calculated, t0 is the local standard minimum sunshine time, n is the total number of sunshine calculation reference surfaces in architectural design, T is the total time of the winter solstice, and the calculation unit is the same as the sunshine time;

[0011] Step 4: A modular plane grid model is established according to the plane building edge range;

[0012] Step 5: An initial plane model is established with the presence or absence of each grid as a variable, and the building height is assigned to form an initial building model, and the comprehensive shading rate of the corresponding initial building model is obtained;

[0013] Step 6: The first target value of the comprehensive shading rate is set to E z1 , and it is judged whether the comprehensive shading rate of the current initial building model meets the optimization requirement, if the optimization requirement is met, step 8 is executed, if the optimization requirement is not met, step 7 is executed, and the initial building model meeting the optimization requirement is the preliminary optimized building model;

[0014] Step 7: The variable grid is updated, the vector p with the presence or absence of each grid as a variable is adjusted according to the genetic algorithm to update the grid model, and the corresponding initial building model is updated, and step 6 is re-executed;

[0015] Step 8: The grid node coordinate horizontal coordinate vector x of the preliminary optimized plane model is obtained, the number of rows of x is n m , and the number of columns is 1, so that the preliminary optimized plane model is obtained;

[0016] Step 9: Based on the preliminary optimized plane model, the range in which the corresponding grid of the preliminary optimized plane model can move is determined within the grid range as the adjustment range of the preliminary optimized plane model, and the preliminary optimized plane model is adjusted;

[0017] Step 10: A moved plane model is established with the movement amount of each preliminary optimized plane model as a variable, and the building height is assigned to form a moved building model, and the comprehensive shading rate of the corresponding moved building model is obtained;

[0018] Step 11, the second target value of the comprehensive shading rate is set to E z2 , and it is judged whether the current moved building model meets the secondary optimization requirement, if the secondary optimization requirement is met, step 13 is executed, if the optimization requirement is not met, step 12 is executed, and the moved building model meeting the secondary optimization requirement is the final optimized building model;

[0019] Step 12, the variable movement amount is updated, the vector q with the movement amount of each grid as a variable is adjusted according to the genetic algorithm to update the grid movement amount, and the corresponding moved building model is updated, and step 11 is re-executed;

[0020] Step 13, obtaining the final optimized building model, the final optimized building model meets the building plan area requirement and the comprehensive shading rate is greatly improved compared with the preliminary optimized building model.

[0021] Further, the method for establishing the modular planar grid model according to the planar building edge range in step 4 is to discretize the planar building edge range into a plurality of grids as the basic model for subsequent comprehensive shading rate analysis.

[0022] Further, the size of each grid is a square, and the side length of the grid is l m , and the total number of grids is n m .

[0023] Further, the method for establishing the initial building model in step 5 is to establish a vector p with the presence or absence of each grid as a variable, the number of rows of p is n m , and the number of columns is 1, when the i-th grid exists, p(i) takes 1, when the i-th grid does not exist, p(i) takes 0, thereby establishing an initial planar model with the presence or absence of each grid, and assigning a building height to it to form an initial building model, and obtaining the comprehensive shading rate of the corresponding initial building model through the comprehensive shading rate calculation formula in step 3.

[0024] Further, the method for judging whether the comprehensive shading rate of the current initial building model meets the optimization requirement in step 6 is to judge whether the comprehensive shading rate of the current initial building model meets the first target value E z1 , whether the building plan area reaches S z , whether the set requirement t i -t0 is greater than 0, if all the above three items are yes, it is considered that the current initial building model meets the optimization requirement; if at least one of the above three items is no, it is considered that the current initial building model does not meet the optimization requirement.

[0025] Further, the method for adjusting the preliminary optimized planar model in step 9 includes: establishing a vector q with grid movement amount as a variable, the number of rows of q is n m , and the number of columns is 1, the change range of each element of q is (-l m / 2 ， l m / 2), which is the range that the corresponding grid of the preliminary optimized planar model can move.

[0026] Further, the method for establishing the moved plane model in step 10 is: generating an initial vector q0 randomly, establishing the moved plane model with x+q0 as the plane model grid positioning point, and assigning a building height to it to form the current moved building model, and obtaining the comprehensive shading rate of the corresponding moved building model through the comprehensive shading rate calculation formula in step 3.

[0027] Further, the method for judging whether the comprehensive shading rate of the current moved building model meets the secondary optimization requirement in step 11 is: judging whether the comprehensive shading rate of the current moved building model meets the second target value E z2 and whether the building plane area reaches S z If both of the above are yes, it is considered that the current moved building model meets the secondary optimization requirement; if at least one of the above is no, it is considered that the current moved building model does not meet the secondary optimization requirement.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:

[0029] The present application can fully utilize the natural shading effect of buildings in tropical regions, establish a modular plane grid model, establish an initial building model with the presence or absence of each grid as a variable, update the grid model with the presence or absence of each grid as a variable vector p, obtain a preliminarily optimized plane model, preliminarily optimize the building plane layout, obtain a moved plane model with the grid movement as a variable vector q for the corresponding grid of the preliminarily optimized plane model, realize the final optimization of the building plane layout, maximize the improvement of the comprehensive shading rate, maximize the use of natural shading, fully utilize the characteristics of modular buildings, rationalize the plane layout through intelligent optimization, and maximize the adaptation to the climate in tropical regions, greatly improve the living quality; the present application realizes the automation of the optimization process of the building plane layout through computer-aided design, realizes the automatic generation of the plane layout of the modular building in tropical regions, greatly reduces the workload of engineers, has the characteristics of safety, applicability, etc., has good popularization and practical value, and will produce good economic benefits after wide popularization and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The figure is a flowchart of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the technical means, innovative features, purposes and effects of the present application easy to understand, the present application is further described below.

[0032] The embodiments described herein are illustrative of specific embodiments of the application and to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that changes and modifications can be suggested by those skilled in the art, and it is intended that the application encompass such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims. Apart from the embodiments described herein, those skilled in the art will be able, on the basis of the foregoing disclosure, to impart obvious other technical solutions, which include technical solutions that make any obvious substitutions and modifications to the embodiments described herein.

[0033] The application discloses a modular building plane optimization method considering natural shading, takes building control parameters as optimization variables, takes building plane comprehensive shading rate as an optimization target, and realizes intelligent layout optimization of the building plane through an optimization technique, so as to provide an automatic method for building optimization and green energy-saving design in a tropical region. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the method comprises the following steps:

[0034] Step 1, determining the height of a building to be designed, the building plane area and the plane building boundary range, obtaining the height h of the building to be designed, the building plane area S z and the plane building boundary range according to a design task book. The height h of the building is used to make the plane model three-dimensional so as to determine the shading rate under sunshine, the building plane area S z is an area limit as a building planning condition, and the plane building boundary range is a construction boundary range constraint;

[0035] Step 2, obtaining the solar elevation angle of a local winter solstice day and the minimum sunshine time t0 of a specification according to the design task book;

[0036] Step 3, defining a comprehensive shading rate calculation formula as:

[0037]

[0038] In the formula, E is the comprehensive shading rate, t i is the illumination time of the i-th sunshine calculation reference surface, t0 is the local minimum sunshine time of a specification, n is the total number of the sunshine calculation reference surfaces in building design, and T is the total time of the winter solstice day, and the calculation unit is the same as the sunshine time;

[0039] Step 4, establishing a modular plane grid model according to the plane building boundary range, discretizing the plane building boundary range into a plurality of grids according to the unit size characteristics of the modular building, the size of each grid is a square, the side length of the grid is l m , the total number of the grids is n m , and the grid is used as a basic model for subsequent comprehensive shading rate analysis;

[0040] Step 5, establish a vector p with the variable of the presence or absence of each grid, the number of rows of p is n m , the number of columns is 1, and an initial building model is established with the variable of the presence or absence of each grid. When the i-th grid exists, the value of p(i) is 1, and when the i-th grid does not exist, the value of p(i) is 0. An initial plane model is established with the variable of the presence or absence of each grid, and is assigned a building height to form a current initial building model. The integrated shading rate E of the corresponding initial building model is obtained by the comprehensive shading rate calculation formula in step 3;

[0041] Step 6, determine whether the integrated shading rate of the current initial building model meets the optimization requirement. Set the first target value of the integrated shading rate as E z1 , determine whether the integrated shading rate of the current initial building model meets the first target value E z1 , and whether the building plane area reaches S z . Set the requirements, t i -t0 are all greater than 0. If the above three items are all yes, it is considered that the current initial building model meets the optimization requirement. The initial building model that meets the optimization requirement is the preliminary optimized building model, and step 8 is executed. If at least one of the above three items is no, it is considered that the current initial building model does not meet the optimization requirement, and step 7 is executed.

[0042] Step 7, adjust the variable grid to update the model, define the following optimization formula, adjust the vector p with the variable of the presence or absence of each grid to update the grid model according to the genetic algorithm, and update the corresponding initial building model. Step 6 is re-executed.

[0043]

[0044] Step 8, obtain the preliminary optimized plane model. According to the grid obtained in step 6, the grid node coordinate horizontal coordinate vector x of the preliminary optimized plane model is obtained, the number of rows of x is n m , the number of columns is 1, so that the preliminary optimized plane model and building model that meet the building plane area and the integrated shading rate are obtained. The preliminary optimized building model is the preliminary optimization result that the integrated shading rate of the relative initial building model is improved;

[0045] Step 9, establish a vector q with the variable of the grid movement, the number of rows of q is n m , the number of columns is 1, and the change range of each element is (-l m / 2 ， l m / 2), which is the movement range of the grid based on the grid in the preliminary optimized plane model. Based on the preliminary optimized plane model, the corresponding grid movement range is determined within the grid range as the adjustment range of the preliminary optimized plane model;

[0046] Step 10, the moved plane model is established with the grid movement amount of each preliminary optimized plane model as a variable, on the basis of the above optimization result, an initial vector q0 is randomly generated, the moved plane model is established with x+q0 as the grid positioning point of the plane model, and the building height is assigned to constitute the current moved building model, and the comprehensive shading rate E of the corresponding moved building model is obtained through the comprehensive shading rate calculation formula in step 3;

[0047] Step 11, whether the current moved building model meets the secondary optimization requirement is judged, the second target value of the comprehensive shading rate is set as E z2 , whether the comprehensive shading rate of the current moved building model meets the second target value E z2 and whether the building plane area reaches S z are judged, if both of the above two are yes, the current moved building model is considered to meet the secondary optimization requirement, the moved building model meeting the secondary optimization requirement is the final optimized building model, and step 13 is executed, if at least one of the above two is no, the current moved building model is considered not to meet the secondary optimization requirement, and step 12 is executed;

[0048] Step 12, the variable movement amount is adjusted to update the model, the following optimization formula is defined, the grid movement amount is updated according to the genetic algorithm adjustment with the vector q of each grid movement amount as a variable, and the corresponding moved building model is updated, and step 11 is re-executed;

[0049]

[0050] Step 13, the final optimized building model is obtained, the final optimized building model meets the building plane area requirement and the comprehensive shading rate is greatly improved compared with the preliminary optimized building model.

[0051] The application can fully utilize the natural shading effect of buildings in tropical regions, establish a modular plane grid model, establish an initial building model with the presence or absence of each grid as a variable, update the grid model with the vector p of the presence or absence of each grid as a variable, obtain a preliminary optimized plane model, preliminarily optimize the building plane layout, obtain a moved plane model with the vector q of the grid movement amount as the range in which the corresponding grid of the preliminary optimized plane model can move, realize the final optimization of the building plane layout, greatly improve the comprehensive shading rate of the building, maximize the use of natural shading, fully utilize the characteristics of modular buildings, reasonably arrange the plane layout through intelligent optimization, and greatly improve the living quality by adapting to the climate in tropical regions to the greatest extent; the application realizes the automation of the optimization process of the building plane layout through computer-aided design, realizes the automatic generation of the plane layout of the modular building in the tropical region, and greatly reduces the workload of engineers.

[0052] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing a modular building plan taking natural shading into account, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Obtain the height h, the building plan area S and the plan building edge range of the building to be designed according to the design task book z ; Step 2: Obtain the solar elevation angle of the local winter solstice day and the standard minimum sunshine time t0 of the building construction site; Step 3, define the comprehensive shading rate calculation formula as: In the formula, E is the comprehensive shading rate, t i is the light time of the i th sunshine calculation reference surface, t0 is the local standard minimum sunshine time, n is the total number of sunshine calculation reference surfaces in architectural design, and T is the total time of the winter solstice, the calculation unit being the same as the sunshine time. Step 4: Establish a modular plane grid model according to the plane building boundary range; Step 5: Establish an initial plane model with the presence or absence of each grid as a variable, and assign it a building height to form an initial building model, and obtain the comprehensive shading rate of the corresponding initial building model; Step 6: set the first target value of the integrated shading rate as E z1 , determine whether the integrated shading rate of the current initial building model meets the optimization requirement, if the optimization requirement is met, execute step 8; if the optimization requirement is not met, execute step 7, and the initial building model meeting the optimization requirement is the preliminary optimized building model; Step 7: Adjust the variable grid to update the model, adjust the vector p with the presence or absence of each grid as a variable according to the genetic algorithm to update the grid model, and update the corresponding initial building model, and re-execute step 6; Step 8: Obtain the grid node coordinate horizontal coordinate vector x of the preliminary optimized plane model, the number of rows of x is n, the number of columns is 1, so as to obtain the preliminary optimized plane model m ; Step 9: Based on the preliminary optimized plane model, determine the range of the corresponding grid that the preliminary optimized plane model can move within the grid range as the subsequent adjustment range of the preliminary optimized plane model, and adjust the preliminary optimized plane model; Step 10: Establish a moved plane model with the movement amount of each grid as a variable, and assign it a building height to form a moved building model, and obtain the comprehensive shading rate of the corresponding moved building model; Step 11, set the second target value of the comprehensive shading rate as E z2 , determine whether the current moved building model meets the secondary optimization requirement, if yes, execute step 13; if not, execute step 12, and the moved building model meeting the secondary optimization requirement is the final optimized building model; Step 12, adjust the variable movement amount to update the model, adjust the vector q with the movement amount of each grid as a variable according to the genetic algorithm to update the grid movement amount, and update the corresponding moved building model, and re-execute step 11; Step 13, obtain the final optimized building model, which meets the building plane area requirement and significantly improves the comprehensive shading rate relative to the preliminary optimized building model.

2. The method for modular building plan optimization considering natural shading according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for establishing a modular plane grid model according to the plane building boundary range in step 4 is to discretize the plane building boundary range into multiple grids as the basic model for subsequent comprehensive shading rate analysis.

3. A method of optimizing a modular building plan considering natural shading according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the grids has a square shape with a side length of l m , and the total number of the grids is n m .

4. The method for modular building plan optimization considering natural shading according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method for establishing the initial building model in step 5 is to establish a vector p with the presence or absence of each grid as a variable, the number of rows of p is n m , the number of columns is 1, when the i-th grid exists, p(i) takes 1, when the i-th grid does not exist, p(i) takes 0, thereby establishing an initial plane model with the presence or absence of buildings in each grid, and assigning a building height to it to form an initial building model, and obtaining the comprehensive shading rate of the corresponding initial building model through the comprehensive shading rate calculation formula in step 3.

5. A method of optimizing a modular building plan considering natural shading according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for judging whether the comprehensive shading rate of the current initial building model reaches the optimization requirement in step 6 is: judging whether the comprehensive shading rate of the current initial building model reaches the first target value E z1 , whether the building plan area reaches S z , whether the set requirement t i , whether t0 is greater than 0, if the above three items are yes, it is considered that the current initial building model reaches the optimization requirement; if at least one of the above three items is no, it is considered that the current initial building model does not reach the optimization requirement.

6. A method of optimizing a modular building plan considering natural shading according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step 9 includes: establishing a vector q with grid movement amount as variable, the row number of q is n m , the column number is 1, and the change range of each element is (-l m / 2 ， l m / 2) to be the range of movement of the corresponding grid of the preliminary optimized plane model.

7. A method of optimizing a modular building plan considering natural shading according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method for establishing a moved plane model in step 10 is to randomly generate an initial vector q0, establish a moved plane model with x+q0 as the grid positioning point of the plane model, and assign it a building height to form a current moved building model, and obtain the comprehensive shading rate of the corresponding moved building model through the comprehensive shading rate calculation formula in step 3.

8. A method of optimizing a modular building plan considering natural shading according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method for judging whether the comprehensive shading rate of the current moved building model reaches the secondary optimization requirement in step 11 is: judging whether the comprehensive shading rate of the current moved building model reaches the second target value E z2 and whether the building plan area reaches S z If both of the above are yes, the current moved building model is considered to reach the secondary optimization requirement. If at least one of the above two items is no, it is considered that the current moved building model does not meet the secondary optimization requirement.

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