A device for accurately positioning and draining effusion by assisting cerebral ventricle puncture

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for assisting precise positioning and drainage of effusion by puncture of a cerebral cavity, comprising a fixing mechanism, a guiding mechanism and an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the position and angle of the guiding mechanism; the guiding mechanism is used to guide the puncture needle; the fixing mechanism is fixed on the patient and fixed relative to the patient's head; one end of the adjusting mechanism is connected to the fixing mechanism; the device can assist the doctor in completing the puncture and aspiration process, and can enable the puncture needle to puncture according to the puncture position and angle designed for different patients with different diseases. The adjustment of the puncture position and angle is very flexible and simple, and the puncture position and angle can be locked quickly and firmly, so that the position, angle and posture of the puncture needle during the puncture and aspiration process are completely consistent with the designed ones, thereby reducing the requirements for the doctor's skills and experience, lowering the surgical threshold, improving the surgical quality and stability, significantly improving the efficiency and quality of the puncture and aspiration surgery, and reducing the occurrence of complications and surgical errors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of surgical auxiliary equipment, and in particular to a device for assisting precise positioning and drainage of effusion by puncturing a cerebral cavity. Background Art

[0002] Hydrocephalus is dilation of the ventricles and subarachnoid space secondary to increased cerebrospinal fluid. It is a common clinical symptom. While not a specific disease entity, hydrocephalus can occur secondary to a variety of conditions, including congenital malformations, neoplasms, stable inflammation, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Hydrocephalus is caused by impaired secretion, absorption, and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, primarily due to malabsorption, and is often accompanied by increased intracranial pressure. Infants with hydrocephalus often experience rapid skull enlargement due to the failure of cranial sutures to close. Existing treatments for hydrocephalus generally use ventriculoperitoneal shunts. For more urgent situations, excessive hydrocephalus, and previous treatment, advance or emergency aspiration is required. The aspiration process requires puncture, and the key to puncture is the accuracy and stability of the location and angle to avoid and reduce damage to important functional areas. Since most people are right-handed, the left brain is more developed and the right brain has fewer functional areas, so puncture is generally performed at a certain angle from the right brain. For specific situations, the puncture position and angle need to be designed based on factors such as the brain functional areas of different patients and the location and size of the cerebrospinal fluid, combined with image analysis. However, during the puncture process, due to too many variables, doctors can generally only rely on their own skills and experience to keep the puncture angle stable, but this is very difficult for humans. In addition, the operation process is long, and doctors generally find it difficult to maintain the designed puncture angle to complete the puncture and aspiration process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates to a device for assisting precise positioning and drainage of effusion during cerebral ventricle puncture. The device can assist doctors in completing the puncture and aspiration process, and can enable the puncture needle to perform puncture at a designed puncture position and angle according to different patients and different symptoms. The adjustment of the puncture position and angle is very flexible and simple, and the puncture position and angle can be locked quickly and firmly, so that the position, angle and posture of the puncture needle during the puncture and aspiration process are completely consistent with the designed ones, thereby reducing the requirements for the doctor's skills and experience, lowering the surgical threshold, improving the surgical quality and stability, significantly improving the efficiency and quality of the puncture and aspiration surgery, and reducing the occurrence of complications and surgical errors.

[0004] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0005] A device for assisting precise positioning and drainage of effusion in a cerebral cavity puncture comprises a fixing mechanism, a guiding mechanism, and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the position and angle of the guiding mechanism; the guiding mechanism is used to guide the puncture needle; the fixing mechanism is fixed to the patient and fixed in position relative to the patient's head; one end of the adjustment mechanism is connected to the fixing mechanism, and the other end is connected to the guiding mechanism; the adjustment mechanism can adjust and lock the posture of the guiding mechanism relative to the fixing mechanism to adjust and lock the posture of the puncture needle relative to the patient's head.

[0006] Among them, the inner wall of the headband body is evenly arranged with multiple supporting mechanisms along the circumference direction; the supporting mechanism includes a piezoelectric spring assembly with one end fixed on the inner wall of the headband body, a rigid extension piece and a supporting part; one end of the rigid extension piece is fixed to the other end of the piezoelectric spring assembly; the supporting part is hinged to the other end of the rigid extension piece; the piezoelectric spring assembly includes an elastic insulating sheet located in the middle, piezoelectric ceramic sheets attached to both sides of the elastic insulating sheet, and an insulating layer wrapped on the outermost layer.

[0007] Among them, at least two sets of clamping needle mechanisms are arranged in the guide hole; the clamping needle mechanism includes piezoelectric ceramic blocks evenly embedded in the inner wall of the guide hole around the circumference of the puncture needle; the expansion and contraction direction of the piezoelectric ceramic blocks under the action of the electric field is the radial direction of the guide hole.

[0008] Among them, the puncture needle includes a needle rod, a needle head and a guide tube connected to the tail end of the needle rod; the needle rod is provided with a plurality of first through holes passing through the inside and outside at the part near the needle head; a frustum-shaped groove is provided in the needle head; a sleeve is slidably sleeved on the part near the needle head in the needle rod; the sleeve includes a tubular body and a hollow frustum head connected to the bottom of the tubular body; the inside of the hollow frustum head is connected to the inside of the tubular body; the hollow frustum head fits into the frustum-shaped groove; a plurality of second through holes are provided on the fan surface and the bottom of the hollow frustum head; the bottom surface of the hollow frustum head and the ground of the frustum-shaped groove are also connected to a micro spring or elastic filament; under static state, the tubular body can close the first through hole.

[0009] Wherein, the fixing mechanism includes a headband body; the guiding mechanism includes a guide body; the guide body is arranged above the headband body; the adjusting mechanism includes a plurality of seat columns uniformly fixedly arranged around the circumference of the headband body and a plurality of telescopic adjustment rods arranged corresponding to the seat columns; a through guide hole for guiding the puncture needle is provided in the middle of the guide body; the upper part of the seat column is bent toward the guide body; a first liquid cavity is provided inwardly at the upper end of the seat column; a first electrode pair is relatively arranged on the inner wall of the first liquid cavity; the upper and lower ends of the telescopic adjustment rod are respectively provided with a first diameter expansion part; the lower end of one of the telescopic adjustment rods is inserted into The cam is secured to a position 560 degrees Celsius and is adapted to engage a plurality of pistons, each of which is secured to a position 540 degrees Celsius and is adapted to engage a plurality of pistons, each of which is secured to a position 540 degrees Celsius. The cam is secured to a position 540 degrees Celsius and is adapted to engage a plurality of pistons, each of which is secured to a position 540 degrees Celsius. One end of the branch rod and the lower branch rod are respectively inserted from the upper and lower ends of the middle sleeve and are sealed and slidably sleeved on the two ends of the middle sleeve, and the ends of the upper branch rod and the lower branch rod inserted into the middle sleeve are respectively fixed with piston bodies that slide in cooperation with the middle sleeve; a plurality of axial through holes are opened on the piston body; the two piston bodies divide the middle sleeve into a third liquid chamber, a fourth liquid chamber and a fifth liquid chamber from top to bottom; the third liquid chamber, the fourth liquid chamber and the fifth liquid chamber are respectively provided with a third electrode pair, a fourth electrode pair and a fifth electrode pair at relative intervals along the length direction of the middle sleeve; a plurality of guide rods are provided on the periphery of the guide body below the upper cylinder corresponding to the upper cylinder a middle column; a sixth liquid chamber is also opened inwardly on the lower end face of the middle column body toward the middle of the telescopic adjustment rod body; a sixth electrode pair is arranged on the inner wall of the sixth liquid chamber; the upper end of a support rod is inserted into the sixth liquid chamber; a third elastic cover is fixedly provided on the lower end opening of the sixth liquid chamber to seal the lower end opening of the sixth liquid chamber; a second diameter expansion portion is provided on the upper end of the support rod; the lower end of the support rod is hinged to the upper branch rod; the first liquid chamber, the second liquid chamber, the third liquid chamber, the fourth liquid chamber, the fifth liquid chamber and the sixth liquid chamber are respectively filled with electrorheological fluid; the external circuit applies an electric field to the electrorheological fluid in each liquid chamber through each electrode pair.

[0010] Wherein, the abutting portion is made of rubber or silicone.

[0011] Wherein, a plurality of micro pressure sensors are embedded on the side of the abutting portion that contacts the patient's head to monitor the squeezing force between the abutting portion and the patient's head.

[0012] Wherein, the first diameter-enlarged portion and the second diameter-enlarged portion are spherical.

[0013] Wherein, the needle rod is provided with a scale to enable the doctor to know the penetration depth.

[0014] The method for puncturing and positioning the brain cavity and aspirating liquid comprises the following steps:

[0015] ① The headband is placed on the patient's forehead. The controller controls the external circuit to apply an electric field to the piezoelectric ceramic sheets, causing the piezoelectric ceramic sheets close to the head to shorten and the piezoelectric ceramic sheets away from the head to extend. This causes the piezoelectric spring assembly to bend toward one side of the head, thereby driving the rigid extension sheet to deflect, causing the abutment portion to press against the patient's head, thereby fixing the headband to the patient's head;

[0016] ② With the help of the angle measuring device and the image, the surgeon moves and deflects the guide body to the appropriate position and angle. Then, the surgeon controls the external circuit through the controller to apply an electric field to the electrorheological fluid in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth liquid chambers, causing it to instantly transform into a solid state, thereby instantly locking the position and posture of the guide body.

[0017] ③ The puncture needle is guided through the guide hole into the patient's ventricular effusion area. After reaching the predetermined position, the controller controls the external circuit to apply an electric field to the piezoelectric ceramic block to make it extend radially, thereby pressing against the needle shaft and fixing the position of the puncture needle inserted into the ventricle;

[0018] ④ Using an external aspiration device connected to the guide tube to aspirate cerebrospinal fluid through the puncture needle; when the external aspiration device aspirates fluid, negative pressure is generated in the needle shaft, and the sleeve overcomes the pulling force of the micro-spring or elastic filament and moves outward, thereby exposing the first through hole. The cerebrospinal fluid then enters the needle shaft and the guide tube through the first through hole and the second through hole in sequence and is discharged;

[0019] ⑤ After the aspiration is completed, the external aspiration device is closed, the negative pressure in the needle shaft disappears, and under the restoring force of the micro-spring or elastic filament, the sleeve returns to its initial position, the outer circumferential surface of the tubular body closes the first through hole, and the cerebrospinal fluid in the needle shaft is prevented from flowing back;

[0020] ⑥ Cancel the electric field applied to the piezoelectric ceramic block to restore its initial length, release its pressure on the needle rod, and pull out the puncture needle; then cancel the electric field applied to the electrorheological fluid and piezoelectric ceramic sheet, remove the headband and perform subsequent surgical operations.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The ventricle puncture-assisted precise positioning drainage and effusion device of the present invention can assist doctors in completing the puncture and aspiration process, and can enable the puncture needle to puncture at a designed puncture position and angle according to different patients and different symptoms. The adjustment of the puncture position and angle is very flexible and simple, and the puncture position and angle can be locked quickly and firmly, so that the position, angle and posture of the puncture needle during the puncture and aspiration process are completely consistent with the designed one, thereby reducing the requirements for the doctor's skills and experience, lowering the surgical threshold, improving the surgical quality and stability, significantly improving the efficiency and quality of puncture and aspiration surgery, and reducing the occurrence of complications and surgical errors.

[0023] 2. The present invention utilizes the characteristics of fast and flexible liquid-solid phase conversion of electrorheological fluid, and utilizes the third liquid chamber, the fourth liquid chamber and the fifth liquid chamber. It can not only utilize the strong fluidity in the liquid phase to flexibly adjust the distance between the upper branch rod and the lower branch rod in the middle sleeve, thereby adjusting the length of each telescopic adjustment rod, but also utilize the characteristics in the solid phase to lock the distance, thereby locking the length of each telescopic adjustment rod; and utilizes the first liquid chamber of each seat column, the second liquid chamber of the upper column and the first expanded diameter parts at both ends of the telescopic adjustment rod, as well as the sixth liquid chamber of the middle column and the second expanded diameter part of the support rod. Since the volumes of the first liquid chamber, the second liquid chamber and the sixth liquid chamber are significantly larger than the volumes of the first expanded diameter part and the second expanded diameter part, the movement position and deflection angle of the first expanded diameter part in the first liquid chamber and the second liquid chamber, and the second expanded diameter part in the sixth liquid chamber are affected by the current therein. When the electrorheological fluid is in liquid phase, there is no obstruction. The doctor can directly and manually flexibly adjust the position, deflection angle and posture of the guide body without any obstruction within a large adjustment range. When the adjustment is completed and the position, deflection angle and posture of the guide body are in line with the prior research and design, it is only necessary to instantly convert the electrorheological fluid into a solid state. Under the action of the solid electrorheological fluid, the positions and angles of the upper and lower first expanded diameter parts in the first liquid chamber and the second liquid chamber and the second expanded diameter part in the sixth liquid chamber can be completely locked, thereby completely locking the positions and angles of each telescopic adjustment rod and support rod, thereby completely locking the position, deflection angle and posture of the guide body, providing stable and precise support and guidance for the puncture needle; this mechanism is not only simple in structure and convenient and flexible in adjustment, but also has extremely strong stability and can adapt to the specific symptoms and requirements of any patient.

[0024] 3. The headband of the present invention connects the patient's head and the telescopic adjustment rod, so that the relative position of the patient's head and the guide body can be locked after adjustment and locking, so that the puncture position and angle of the puncture needle relative to the patient's head can be accurately and stably fixed, thereby eliminating the unexpected influences caused by the patient's head shape, sleeping posture, movement, etc. during the puncture process, ensuring that the puncture process is carried out accurately and stably according to the research design requirements; the headband adopts a piezoelectric spring assembly combined with a rigid extension piece and a supporting part, which not only uses the inverse piezoelectric effect to quickly, accurately and flexibly complete the deflection angle, but also uses the deflection angle combined with the rigid extension piece to amplify the angle change The displacement change brought about by the position of the abutment part is optimized, thereby increasing the displacement of the abutment part, and the abutment part adopts a hinged manner to automatically adapt to the curve change of the patient's head surface. Therefore, the mechanism can adapt to the head size and head shape curve change of different patients. Combined with the monitoring and feedback of the pressure by the pressure sensor on the abutment part, the bending angle of the piezoelectric spring assembly is automatically adjusted to make the squeezing force of each abutment part on the patient's head uniform everywhere, thereby not only achieving a stable and firm tightening and supporting effect on the head of any patient, but also making the pressure uniform everywhere, reducing the patient's discomfort and blood flow obstruction caused by squeezing.

[0025] 4. The inner wall of the guide hole of the guide body of the present invention is embedded with multiple sets of needle clamping mechanisms, which utilize the simple adjustment ability of the piezoelectric ceramic block to enable it to simply, conveniently and stably clamp the puncture needle during aspiration, thereby locking the inserted position of the puncture needle in the ventricle during aspiration, ensuring the stability of the aspiration process and avoiding accidental changes in the penetration depth of the puncture needle to damage the brain tissue. The needle shaft of the puncture needle is provided with a scale, so the doctor can intuitively know the penetration depth, which is convenient for comparison with the puncture depth designed in advance, so as to achieve the designed puncture depth more accurately and stably.

[0026] 5. The inner bottom of the puncture needle of the present invention is designed with a sleeve structure, which uses the negative pressure generated in the puncture needle during active liquid aspiration to make the sleeve overcome the pulling force of the micro spring or elastic filament and move outward, so that the first through hole on the side wall of the bottom of the needle shaft is contacted and blocked, and connected with the second through hole, so that liquid can be aspirated out smoothly. When the active liquid aspiration stops, the sleeve moves inward under the action of the restoring force, so that the tubular body automatically blocks the first through hole, avoiding the backflow of the accumulated fluid remaining in the needle shaft and the guide tube. If ventriculoperitoneal shunt is performed, no external active liquid aspiration is required, and the intracranial pressure is relied upon. In this case, it is only necessary to replace it with an ordinary pipette or remove the sleeve structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention when adjusting the position and posture of the puncture needle;

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of the middle circle A;

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the middle circle B;

[0032] Figure 6 for Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the middle circle C;

[0033] Figure 7 for Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of the middle circle D;

[0034] Figure 8 for Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the middle circle E;

[0035] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the headband body of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 for Figure 9 Enlarged schematic diagram of the circle F in the middle.

[0037] The reference numerals in the figures are as follows:

[0038] 1. Puncture needle; 11. Needle shaft; 111. First through hole; 12. Needle head; 121. Cone-shaped groove; 13. Guide tube; 14. Sleeve; 141. Tubular body; 142. Hollow cone-shaped head; 143. Second through hole; 144. Micro spring or elastic filament; 2. Headband; 21. Piezoelectric spring assembly; 211. Elastic insulating sheet; 212. Piezoelectric ceramic sheet; 213. Insulating layer; 22. Rigid extension sheet; 23. Abutment portion; 3. Base column; 31. First liquid chamber; 32. First electrode pair; 33. First elastic cover; 4. Guide body; 41. Guide hole; 4 3. Piezoelectric ceramic block; 5. Telescopic adjustment rod; 50. First diameter expansion portion; 51. Upper branch rod; 52. Lower branch rod; 53. Intermediate sleeve; 54. Piston body; 55. Axial through hole; 56. Third liquid chamber; 561. Third electrode pair; 57. Fourth liquid chamber; 571. Fourth electrode pair; 58. Fifth liquid chamber; 581. Fifth electrode pair; 6. Upper cylinder; 61. Second liquid chamber; 62. Second electrode pair; 63. Second elastic cover; 7. Middle cylinder; 71. Sixth liquid chamber; 72. Sixth electrode pair; 73. Support rod; 74. Second diameter expansion portion; 75. Third elastic cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] See also Figures 1 to 10 A device for assisting precise positioning and drainage of effusion in a cerebral cavity puncture comprises a fixing mechanism, a guiding mechanism, and an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the position and angle of the guiding mechanism; the guiding mechanism is used to guide the puncture needle 1; the fixing mechanism is fixed on the patient and is fixed in position relative to the patient's head; one end of the adjusting mechanism is connected to the fixing mechanism, and the other end is connected to the guiding mechanism; the adjusting mechanism can adjust and lock the posture of the guiding mechanism relative to the fixing mechanism to adjust and lock the posture of the puncture needle 1 relative to the patient's head.

[0041] Furthermore, the fixing mechanism includes a headband body 2; the guiding mechanism includes a guide body 4; the guide body 4 is arranged above the headband body 2; the adjusting mechanism includes a plurality of seat columns 3 uniformly fixedly arranged around the circumference of the headband body 2 and a plurality of telescopic adjustment rods 5 corresponding to the seat columns 3; a guide hole 41 for guiding the puncture needle 1 is provided in the middle of the guide body 4; the upper part of the seat column 3 is bent toward the guide body 4; a first liquid cavity 31 is provided inwardly at the upper end of the seat column 3; a first electrode pair 32 is provided on the inner wall of the first liquid cavity 31; the upper and lower ends of the telescopic adjustment rod 5 are respectively provided with a first enlarged diameter portion 50; further, the lower end of the telescopic adjustment rod 5 is inserted into the first liquid cavity 31; the first liquid cavity 31 The upper end surface opening is fixedly provided with a first elastic cover 33 to seal the upper end opening of the first liquid chamber 31; the side surface of the guide body 4 is provided with a plurality of upper cylinders 6 inclined downwardly corresponding to the seat column 3; the lower end surface of the upper cylinder 6 faces the upper end surface of the seat column 3 and is also provided with a second liquid chamber 61 inwardly; the inner wall of the second liquid chamber 61 is provided with a second electrode pair 62 opposite to each other; the upper end of the telescopic adjustment rod 5 is inserted into the second liquid chamber 61; the lower end opening of the second liquid chamber 61 is fixedly provided with a second elastic cover 63 to seal the lower end opening of the second liquid chamber 61; the telescopic adjustment rod 5 includes an upper branch rod 51, a lower branch rod 52 and an intermediate sleeve 53; one end of the upper branch rod 51 and the lower branch rod 52 are respectively extended from the intermediate sleeve 53 The upper and lower ends are inserted into and sealed and slidably sleeved on the two ends of the intermediate sleeve 53, and the ends of the upper branch rod 51 and the lower branch rod 52 inserted into the intermediate sleeve 53 are respectively fixed with piston bodies 54 that slide with the intermediate sleeve 53; a plurality of axial through holes 55 are opened on the piston body 54; the two piston bodies 54 divide the intermediate sleeve 53 into a third liquid chamber 56, a fourth liquid chamber 57 and a fifth liquid chamber 58 from top to bottom; the third liquid chamber 56, the fourth liquid chamber 57 and the fifth liquid chamber 58 are respectively provided with a third electrode pair 561, a fourth electrode pair 571 and a fifth electrode pair 581 at relative intervals along the length direction of the intermediate sleeve 53; the outer periphery of the guide body 4 below the upper cylinder 6 is provided with a plurality of intermediate electrodes corresponding to the upper cylinder 6. Cylinder 7; the lower end face of the middle column 7 is also provided with a sixth liquid chamber 71 inwardly facing the middle of the telescopic adjustment rod body 5; the inner wall of the sixth liquid chamber 71 is provided with a sixth electrode pair 72; the upper end of a support rod 73 is inserted into the sixth liquid chamber 71; the lower end opening of the sixth liquid chamber 71 is fixedly provided with a third elastic cover 75 to seal the lower end opening of the sixth liquid chamber 71; the upper end of the support rod 73 is provided with a second enlarged diameter portion 74; the lower end of the support rod 73 is hinged to the upper branch rod 51; the first liquid chamber 31, the second liquid chamber 61, the third liquid chamber 56, the fourth liquid chamber 57, the fifth liquid chamber 58 and the sixth liquid chamber 71 are respectively filled with electrorheological fluid; the external circuit applies an electric field to the electrorheological fluid in each liquid chamber through each electrode pair.

[0042] Furthermore, the inner wall of the headband body 2 is evenly provided with multiple supporting mechanisms along the circumference direction; the supporting mechanism includes a piezoelectric spring assembly 21 fixed at one end on the inner wall of the headband body 2, a rigid extension piece 22 and a supporting portion 23; one end of the rigid extension piece 22 is fixed to the other end of the piezoelectric spring assembly 21; the supporting portion 23 is hinged to the other end of the rigid extension piece 22; the piezoelectric spring assembly 21 includes an elastic insulating piece 211 located in the middle, a piezoelectric ceramic piece 212 attached to both sides of the elastic insulating piece 211, and an insulating layer 213 coated on the outermost layer.

[0043] Furthermore, at least two sets of needle clamping mechanisms are provided in the guide hole 41; the needle clamping mechanism includes a piezoelectric ceramic block 43 evenly embedded in the inner wall of the guide hole 41 around the circumference of the puncture needle 1; the expansion and contraction direction of the piezoelectric ceramic block 43 under the action of the electric field is the radial direction of the guide hole 41.

[0044] Furthermore, the puncture needle 1 includes a needle rod 11, a needle head 12 and a guide tube 13 connected to the tail end of the needle rod 11; a plurality of first through holes 111 are provided at the part of the needle rod 11 near the needle head 12; a frustum-shaped groove 121 is provided in the needle head 12; a sleeve 14 is slidably sleeved on the part of the needle rod 11 near the needle head 12; the sleeve 14 includes a tubular body 141 and a hollow frustum head 142 connected to the bottom of the tubular body 141; the interior of the hollow frustum head 142 is connected to the interior of the tubular body 141; the hollow frustum head 142 fits in the frustum-shaped groove 121; a plurality of second through holes 143 are provided on the fan surface and the bottom of the hollow frustum head 142; a micro spring or elastic filament 144 is also connected to the bottom surface of the hollow frustum head 142 and the ground of the frustum-shaped groove 121; in a static state, the tubular body 141 can close the first through hole 111.

[0045] Furthermore, the abutting portion 23 is made of rubber or silicone.

[0046] Furthermore, a plurality of micro pressure sensors are embedded on the side of the abutting portion 23 that contacts the patient's head to monitor the squeezing force between the abutting portion 23 and the patient's head.

[0047] Furthermore, the first enlarged diameter portion 50 and the second enlarged diameter portion 74 are spherical.

[0048] Furthermore, a scale is provided on the needle rod 11 to allow the doctor to know the penetration depth.

[0049] The method for puncturing and positioning the brain cavity and aspirating liquid comprises the following steps:

[0050] ① The headband 2 is placed on the patient's forehead. The controller controls the external circuit to apply an electric field to the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 212, causing the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 212 close to the head to shorten and the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 212 away from the head to extend. This causes the piezoelectric spring assembly 21 to bend toward one side of the head, thereby driving the rigid extension sheet 22 to deflect, causing the abutment portion 23 to press against the patient's head, thereby fixing the headband 2 to the patient's head.

[0051] ② With the help of the angle measuring device and the image, the surgeon grasps the guide body 4 and moves and deflects it to a suitable position and angle. Then, the surgeon controls the external circuit through the controller to apply an electric field to the electrorheological fluid in the first liquid chamber 31, the second liquid chamber 61, the third liquid chamber 56, the fourth liquid chamber 57, the fifth liquid chamber 58, and the sixth liquid chamber 71, causing it to instantly transform into a solid state, thereby instantly locking the position and posture of the guide body 4.

[0052] ③ The puncture needle 1 is guided through the guide hole 41 into the patient's ventricular effusion area. After reaching the predetermined position, the controller controls the external circuit to apply an electric field to the piezoelectric ceramic block 43 to cause it to extend radially, thereby pressing against the needle shaft 11, so that the position of the puncture needle 1 inserted into the ventricle is fixed;

[0053] ④ The cerebrospinal fluid is aspirated outwards through the puncture needle 1 using an external aspiration device connected to the guide tube 13. When the external aspiration device aspirates, negative pressure is generated in the needle shaft 11, and the sleeve 14 overcomes the pulling force of the micro-spring or elastic filament 144 and moves outwards, thereby exposing the first through hole 111. The cerebrospinal fluid then enters the needle shaft 11 and the guide tube 13 through the first through hole 111 and the second through hole 143, and is discharged.

[0054] ⑤ After the aspiration is completed, the external aspiration device is closed, the negative pressure in the needle shaft 11 disappears, and under the restoring force of the micro spring or elastic filament 144, the sleeve 14 returns to its initial position, and the outer circumference of the tubular body 141 closes the first through hole 111, preventing the cerebrospinal fluid in the needle shaft 11 from flowing back;

[0055] ⑥ Cancel the electric field applied to the piezoelectric ceramic block 43, so that it returns to its initial length, releases its pressure on the needle rod 11, and pulls out the puncture needle 1; then cancel the electric field applied to the electrorheological fluid and the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 212, remove the headband body 2 and perform subsequent surgical operations.

[0056] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structures or equivalent process transformations made using the contents of the present invention's description and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for assisting precise positioning and drainage of effusion in cerebral ventricle puncture, characterized by: The invention comprises a fixing mechanism, a guiding mechanism and an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the position and angle of the guiding mechanism; the guiding mechanism is used to guide the puncture needle (1); the fixing mechanism is fixed on the patient and fixed relative to the patient's head; one end of the adjusting mechanism is connected to the fixing mechanism, and the other end is connected to the guiding mechanism; the adjusting mechanism adjusts and locks the posture of the guiding mechanism relative to the fixing mechanism to adjust and lock the posture of the puncture needle (1) relative to the patient's head; the fixing mechanism comprises a headband body (2); the inner wall of the headband body (2) is evenly provided with a plurality of supporting mechanisms along the circumference direction; the supporting mechanism comprises a piezoelectric spring group fixed at one end to the inner wall of the headband body (2) The piezoelectric spring assembly (21) comprises a rigid extension piece (22) and a supporting portion (23); one end of the rigid extension piece (22) is fixed to the other end of the piezoelectric spring assembly (21); the supporting portion (23) is hinged to the other end of the rigid extension piece (22); the piezoelectric spring assembly (21) comprises an elastic insulating piece (211) located in the middle, piezoelectric ceramic pieces (212) attached to both sides of the elastic insulating piece (211), and an insulating layer (213) coated on the outermost layer; the guiding mechanism comprises a guiding body (4); a guiding hole (41) is provided in the middle of the guiding body (4) for guiding the puncture needle (1); the guiding hole (41) At least two sets of needle clamping mechanisms are provided inside; the needle clamping mechanisms include piezoelectric ceramic blocks (43) uniformly embedded in the inner wall of the guide hole (41) around the circumference of the puncture needle (1); the expansion and contraction direction of the piezoelectric ceramic blocks (43) under the action of the electric field is the radial direction of the guide hole (41); the puncture needle (1) includes a needle rod (11), a needle head (12) and a guide tube (13) connected to the tail end of the needle rod (11); a plurality of first through holes (111) that penetrate inside and outside are provided at a portion of the needle rod (11) near the needle head (12); a frustum-shaped groove (121) is provided in the needle head (12); the needle rod (11) near the needle head (12) is provided with a plurality of first through holes (111) that penetrate inside and outside; a plurality of first through holes (111) that penetrate inside and outside are provided at a portion of the needle rod (11) near the needle head (12); ... A sleeve (14) is provided on the sliding sleeve of the part; the sleeve (14) includes a tubular body (141) and a hollow frustum head (142) connected to the bottom of the tubular body (141); the interior of the hollow frustum head (142) is communicated with the interior of the tubular body (141); the hollow frustum head (142) is fitted with the frustum-shaped groove (121); a plurality of second through holes (143) are provided on the fan surface and the bottom of the hollow frustum head (142); a micro spring or elastic filament (144) is further connected to the bottom surface of the hollow frustum head (142) and the ground of the frustum-shaped groove (121); in a static state, the tubular body (141) closes the first through hole (111).

2. The device for assisted precise positioning and drainage of effusion in a cerebral cavity puncture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The abutting portion (23) is made of rubber or silicone material.

3. The device for assisted precise positioning and drainage of effusion in a cerebral cavity puncture according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of micro pressure sensors are embedded on the side of the abutting portion (23) that contacts the patient's head to monitor the squeezing force between the abutting portion (23) and the patient's head.

4. The device for assisting precise positioning and drainage of effusion by puncture in a cerebral cavity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide body (4) is arranged above the headband body (2); the adjustment mechanism includes a plurality of seat columns (3) uniformly and fixedly arranged around the circumference of the headband body (2) and a plurality of telescopic adjustment rods (5) arranged corresponding to the seat columns (3); the upper part of the seat column (3) is bent toward the guide body (4); a first liquid cavity (31) is opened inward at the upper end of the seat column (3); a first electrode pair (32) is arranged on the inner wall of the first liquid cavity (31); the upper and lower ends of the telescopic adjustment rod (5) are respectively provided with a first diameter expansion portion (50); the lower end of one of the telescopic adjustment rods (5) is inserted into the first liquid cavity (31); the upper end surface of the first liquid cavity (31) is fixedly provided with a first elastic cover (33) to seal the opening. The upper end opening of the first liquid cavity (31) is sealed; the side surface of the guide body (4) is provided with a plurality of upper cylinders (6) inclined downwardly corresponding to the seat column (3); the lower end surface of the upper cylinder (6) faces the upper end surface of the seat column (3) and is also provided with a second liquid cavity (61) inwardly; the inner wall of the second liquid cavity (61) is provided with a second electrode pair (62) opposite to each other; the upper end of the telescopic adjustment rod (5) is inserted into the second liquid cavity (61); the lower end opening of the second liquid cavity (61) is fixedly provided with a second elastic cover (63) to seal the lower end opening of the second liquid cavity (61); the telescopic adjustment rod (5) includes an upper branch rod (51), a lower branch rod (52) and an intermediate sleeve (53); the upper branch rod (51) and the lower branch rod (52) are ... electrode pair (62) opposite to each other; the upper end of the telescopic adjustment rod (5) is inserted into the second liquid cavity (61); the lower end opening of the second liquid cavity (61) is fixedly provided with a second elastic cover (63) to seal the lower end opening of the second liquid cavity (61); the telescopic adjustment rod (5) includes an upper branch rod (51), a lower branch rod (52) and an intermediate sleeve (53); the upper branch rod (51) and the lower branch rod (52) are provided with an intermediate sleeve (53); the upper branch rod (51) and the lower branch rod (52) are provided with an intermediate sleeve (53); the upper branch rod (51) and the lower branch rod (52) are provided with an intermediate sleeve (53); the upper branch rod (51) and the One end of the rod (52) is inserted from the upper and lower ends of the intermediate sleeve (53) and is sealed and slidably sleeved with the two ends of the intermediate sleeve (53), and the ends of the upper branch rod (51) and the lower branch rod (52) inserted into the intermediate sleeve (53) are respectively fixed with piston bodies (54) that slide with the intermediate sleeve (53); a plurality of axial through holes (55) are opened on the piston body (54); the two piston bodies (54) divide the intermediate sleeve (53) into a third liquid chamber (56), a fourth liquid chamber (57) and a fifth liquid chamber (58) from top to bottom; the third liquid chamber (56), the fourth liquid chamber (57) and the fifth liquid chamber (58) are respectively provided with a third electrode pair (561), a fourth electrode pair (562) and a fifth electrode pair (563) at relative intervals along the length direction of the intermediate sleeve (53). Four electrode pairs (571) and a fifth electrode pair (581); a plurality of middle columns (7) are provided on the outer periphery of the guide body (4) below the upper column (6) corresponding to the upper column (6); a sixth liquid cavity (71) is also provided inwardly on the lower end surface of the middle column (7) facing the middle of the telescopic adjustment rod (5); a sixth electrode pair (72) is provided on the inner wall of the sixth liquid cavity (71); the upper end of a support rod (73) is inserted into the sixth liquid cavity (71); a third elastic cover (75) is fixedly provided on the lower end opening of the sixth liquid cavity (71) to seal the lower end opening of the sixth liquid cavity (71); a second enlarged diameter portion (74) is provided on the upper end of the support rod (73); the lower end of the support rod (73) is hinged to the upper branch rod (51);The first liquid chamber (31), the second liquid chamber (61), the third liquid chamber (56), the fourth liquid chamber (57), the fifth liquid chamber (58), and the sixth liquid chamber (71) are respectively filled with electrorheological fluid; and the external circuit applies an electric field to the electrorheological fluid in each liquid chamber through each electrode pair.

5. The device for assisting precise positioning and drainage of effusion by puncture in a cerebral cavity according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first enlarged diameter portion (50) and the second enlarged diameter portion (74) are spherical.

6. The device for assisting precise positioning and drainage of effusion by puncture in a cerebral cavity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The needle rod (11) is provided with a scale to allow the doctor to know the penetration depth.

7. The device for assisting precise positioning and drainage of effusion by puncture in a cerebral cavity according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method for puncturing and positioning the brain cavity and aspirating liquid comprises the following steps: ① The headband (2) is placed on the patient's forehead, and a controller controls an external circuit to apply an electric field to the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (212), so that the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (212) close to the head is shortened and the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (212) away from the head is extended, thereby causing the piezoelectric spring assembly (21) to bend toward one side of the head, thereby driving the rigid extension sheet (22) to deflect, causing the abutting portion (23) to press against the patient's head, thereby fixing the headband (2) to the patient's head; ② With the help of the angle measuring device and the image photograph, the surgeon holds the guide body (4) and moves and deflects it to a suitable position and angle, and then controls the external circuit through the controller to apply an electric field to the electrorheological fluid in the first liquid chamber (31), the second liquid chamber (61), the third liquid chamber (56), the fourth liquid chamber (57), the fifth liquid chamber (58) and the sixth liquid chamber (71) to instantly convert the electrorheological fluid into a solid state, thereby instantly locking the position and posture of the guide body (4); ③ The puncture needle (1) is guided through the guide hole (41) into the patient's ventricular effusion area. After reaching the predetermined position, the controller controls the external circuit to apply an electric field to the piezoelectric ceramic block (43) to make it extend radially, thereby pressing against the needle rod (11) and fixing the position of the puncture needle (1) inserted into the ventricle; ④ Using an external suction device connected to the guide tube (13) to suck out the cerebrospinal fluid through the puncture needle (1); when the external suction device sucks the fluid, negative pressure is generated in the needle shaft (11), and the sleeve (14) overcomes the pulling force of the micro spring or elastic filament (144) and moves outward, thereby exposing the first through hole (111), and the cerebrospinal fluid enters the needle shaft (11) and the guide tube (13) in sequence and is discharged; ⑤ After the aspiration is completed, the external aspiration device is closed, the negative pressure in the needle rod (11) disappears, and under the restoring force of the micro spring or elastic filament (144), the sleeve (14) returns to its initial position, and the outer circumferential surface of the tubular body (141) closes the first through hole (111), preventing the cerebrospinal fluid in the needle rod (11) from flowing back; ⑥ The electric field applied to the piezoelectric ceramic block (43) is canceled to restore its initial length, release its pressure on the needle rod (11), and withdraw the puncture needle (1); then the electric field applied to the electrorheological fluid and the piezoelectric ceramic sheet (212) is canceled, and the headband body (2) is removed for subsequent surgical operations.

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