Filling open pits and open pit filling method
By filling the open pit with cementitious slurry layer by layer to form a multi-layered reinforced and sealed filling layer, the problem of insufficient strength of the tailings filling body was solved, the stable filling of the open pit and the safety guarantee of underground mining were achieved, and the construction cost was reduced.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA ENFI ENG CORP
- Filing Date
- 2023-02-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
The tailings backfill in open-pit mines has weak bonding strength and is loose, which makes the bottom of the open-pit mine prone to leakage and affects the safety of underground mining. In particular, when open-pit mining with underground ore bodies is converted to underground mining, the tailings backfilling of open-pit mines will affect the safety of underground mining.
A multi-layer cementitious slurry filling method is adopted to form a multi-layer reinforcement and sealing layer and a filling layer, including a concrete layer and a tailings layer. By filling the bottom of the open pit layer by layer, a reinforcement layer is formed to improve the load-bearing capacity and seepage prevention performance.
It improves the filling effect of open pits, reduces construction costs, provides safety guarantees during underground mining, prevents pit collapse and water seepage, and simplifies construction processes.
Smart Images
Figure CN115949408B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of open-pit filling technology, specifically to a method for filling open-pit pits. Background Technology
[0002] For open-pit mines, the common practice is to backfill them with tailings. However, because the tailings backfill itself has weak bonding strength and is loose, even after consolidation and stabilization, it is difficult to achieve load-bearing capacity, making the bottom of the open-pit mine prone to leakage. Furthermore, open-pit mines are large, with widths generally exceeding 100 meters, resulting in a flexible tailings layer that exerts a load on the underground mining pillars. Especially for open-pit mines with underground ore bodies, the backfilling of tailings in transitioning from open-pit to underground mining poses a safety risk to underground mining operations. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, embodiments of this invention propose a method for filling open-pit pits.
[0004] The open-pit filling method of this invention includes:
[0005] Step S1: Fill the bottom of the open pit with the first cementitious material slurry so that the first cementitious material slurry forms a first reinforced sealing layer at the bottom of the open pit after it is formed. Step S2: Fill the first reinforcement and sealing layer with the first cementing material slurry so that the first filling layer is formed on the first reinforcement and sealing layer after the first cementing material slurry is formed; Step S3: Fill the first filling layer with the second cementitious material slurry so that the second cementitious material slurry forms a second reinforcing and sealing layer on the first filling layer after it is formed; Step S4: Fill the second reinforcing and sealing layer with the second cementing material slurry so that the second cementing material slurry forms a second filling layer on the second reinforcing and sealing layer.
[0006] Therefore, the open-pit filling method according to the embodiments of the present invention is convenient for filling open-pits, has low construction cost, and can provide safety assurance for underground mining after filling.
[0007] In some embodiments, prior to step S1, the open-pit filling method further includes The bottom of the open pit is leveled and compacted to form a compacted layer at the bottom of the open pit; In step S1, the compacted layer is filled with the first cementitious material slurry.
[0008] In some embodiments, in step S1, after laying the first rigid frame at the bottom of the open pit, the bottom of the open pit is filled with the first cementitious material slurry and the first rigid frame is covered. In step S3, after laying the second rigid frame on the first filling layer, the second cementitious material slurry is used to fill and cover the second rigid frame on the first filling layer.
[0009] In some embodiments, the thickness of both the first reinforcing sealing layer and the second reinforcing sealing layer is greater than or equal to 3 meters; Both the first and second reinforced sealing layers are concrete layers; Both the first cementing material slurry and the second cementing material slurry include tailings, and the strength of the first filling layer is greater than the strength of the second filling layer.
[0010] In some embodiments, during step S2, when the first cementing material slurry is used to fill the first reinforced sealing layer, at least one layer of geotextile is laid in the first cementing material slurry filling the open pit.
[0011] In some embodiments, during step S4, when the second cementing material slurry is used to fill the second reinforced sealing layer, the water collected in the open pit is drained from the open pit.
[0012] In some embodiments, after step S4, surface reclamation work is carried out on the surface of the second filling layer.
[0013] The open-pit filling method of this invention also includes Step S5: Fill the second reinforcement and sealing layer with the first cementing material slurry so that the first filling layer is formed on the second reinforcement and sealing layer after the first cementing material slurry is formed; Step S6: Fill the first filling layer with the second cementitious material slurry so that the second cementitious material slurry forms a second reinforcing and sealing layer on the first filling layer after it is formed; Steps S3, S5, S6 and S4 are performed sequentially, and steps S5 and S6 are performed at least once.
[0014] This invention proposes a method for filling an open pit, wherein the open pit is filled with a filling body, the filling body comprising... The first reinforcing and sealing layer is a concrete layer; The first filling layer is a tailings filling layer. The second reinforcement and sealing layer is a concrete layer; The second filling layer is a tailings filling layer. The first reinforcing sealing layer, the first filling layer, the second reinforcing sealing layer, and the second filling layer are arranged sequentially from the bottom of the open pit upwards.
[0015] In some embodiments, there are multiple first filling layers and multiple second reinforcing sealing layers, and the bottom of the open pit is alternately arranged with the multiple first filling layers and multiple second reinforcing sealing layers; The strength of the sand in the first filling layer is greater than the strength of the second filling layer; The bottom of the open pit is leveled and compacted to form a compacted layer, and the first reinforcing and sealing layer is disposed above the compacted layer. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the open-pit filling layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0017] Figure label: Open pit 100, compacted layer 101, ore body 102; First reinforced enclosure layer 1, first rigid frame 11; First filling layer 2, geotextile reinforcement 21; Second reinforced enclosure layer 3, second rigid frame 31; Second filling layer 4. Detailed Implementation
[0018] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
[0019] The following describes, with reference to the accompanying drawings, an open-pit filling method according to an embodiment of the present invention and an open-pit filling method 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the open-pit filling method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: Step S1: Fill the bottom of the open pit 100 with the first cementitious material slurry so that the first cementitious material slurry forms a first reinforced sealing layer 1 at the bottom of the open pit 100 after it is formed.
[0021] Step S2: Fill the first reinforcing and sealing layer 1 with the first cementing material slurry so that the first filling layer 2 is formed on the first reinforcing and sealing layer 1 after the first cementing material slurry is formed.
[0022] Step S3: Fill the first filling layer 2 with the second cementitious material slurry so that the second cementitious material slurry forms a second reinforcing and sealing layer 3 on the first filling layer 2 after it is formed.
[0023] Step S4: Fill the second reinforcing and sealing layer 3 with the second cementing material slurry so that the second cementing material slurry forms a second filling layer 4 on the second reinforcing and sealing layer 3.
[0024] The open-pit filling method according to an embodiment of the present invention involves sequentially forming a first reinforcing sealing layer 1, a first filling layer 2, a second reinforcing sealing layer 3, and a second filling layer 4 from the bottom of the open-pit 100 upwards. This allows the first reinforcing sealing layer 1, the first filling layer 2, and the second reinforcing sealing layer 3 to form a reinforcing layer at the bottom of the open-pit 100, thereby improving the load-bearing capacity and seepage prevention and water sealing performance of the filled open-pit 100, making it less prone to collapse and water seepage after filling. Therefore, after filling an open-pit 100 containing an underground ore body 102 using the open-pit filling method according to the present invention, the tailings open-pit 100 converted from open-pit to underground mining is less prone to collapse and water seepage during underground mining, facilitating the provision of underground mining pillars and thus providing safety assurance for underground mining. Furthermore, the open-pit filling method according to the present invention is simple in process, easy to implement, highly practical, and can reduce construction costs.
[0025] Therefore, the open-pit filling method according to the embodiments of the present invention is convenient for filling the open-pit 100, has low construction cost, and can provide safety assurance for underground mining after filling.
[0026] The following describes the open-pit filling method according to an embodiment of the present invention in detail, with reference to the open-pit filling method 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. like Figure 1 As shown, the open-pit pit 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is filled with a filling body, which includes a first reinforcing sealing layer 1, a first filling layer 2, a second reinforcing sealing layer 3, and a second filling layer 4. The first reinforcing sealing layer 1, the first filling layer 2, the second reinforcing sealing layer, and the second filling layer 4 are arranged sequentially from the bottom of the open-pit pit 100 upwards. That is, the first reinforcing sealing layer 1, the first filling layer 2, the second reinforcing sealing layer, and the second filling layer 4 are all located within the open-pit pit 100 and arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The vertical direction is shown by the arrow in the figure.
[0027] In some embodiments, prior to step S1, the open-pit filling method further includes leveling and compacting the bottom of the open-pit 100 to form a compacted layer 101 at the bottom of the open-pit 100. Specifically, the gravel at the bottom of the open-pit 100 is crushed and cleaned to make the bottom of the open-pit 100 flat, and then the bottom of the open-pit 100 is compacted, thereby effectively improving the filling conditions at the bottom of the open-pit 100 and facilitating the filling of the bottom of the open-pit 100.
[0028] In some embodiments, in step S1, the first cementitious material slurry is used to fill the compaction layer 101. After the first cementitious material slurry is formed, a first reinforcing and sealing layer 1 is formed on the compaction layer 101, so that the first reinforcing and sealing layer 1 is formed on the compaction layer 101 after the first cementitious material slurry is formed, that is, the first reinforcing and sealing layer 1 is disposed above the compaction layer 101.
[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the first reinforcing sealing layer 1 is a concrete layer. Specifically, the first reinforcing sealing layer 1 is filled with concrete grout. For example, the first cementitious grout is a low-grade concrete grout to reduce costs.
[0030] In some embodiments, in step S1, after laying the first rigid frame 11 at the bottom of the open pit 100, the bottom of the open pit 100 (compacted layer 101) is filled with a first cementitious material slurry and covered with the first rigid frame 11 to form a first reinforced sealing layer 1 having the first rigid frame 11. Specifically, the first rigid frame 11 includes a three-dimensional mesh structure composed of multiple steel bars (or fiberglass) extending in the horizontal or vertical direction. The first cementitious material slurry is concrete slurry. After the first cementitious material covers the first rigid frame 11, it can increase the mechanical properties, structural strength, and load-bearing capacity of the first reinforced sealing layer 1.
[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the first filling layer 2 is a tailings filling layer. Specifically, the first cementing material slurry includes high-strength tailings (complete tailings) and cementing materials (cement, additives, etc.). The first cementing material slurry is a high-concentration slurry or paste-like slurry. To improve bearing capacity and seepage prevention and water sealing performance, for example, the concentration of the first cementing material slurry is greater than or equal to 60%, and the strength is greater than 5 MPa. In some embodiments, during step S2, when filling the first reinforced sealing layer 1 with the first cementing material slurry, at least one layer of geotextile reinforcement 21 is laid in the first cementing material slurry filling the open pit 100, so that after the first cementing material slurry is formed, a first filling layer 2 with geotextile reinforcement 21 is formed on the first reinforced sealing layer 1. Specifically, the geotextile reinforcement 21 includes grids, exhaust gas tie ropes, etc. The geotextile reinforcement 21 in the first filling layer 2 can enhance the structural strength of the first filling layer 2. For example, two layers of geotextile reinforcement 21 are laid in the first cementing material slurry filling the open pit 100.
[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the second reinforcing sealing layer 3 is a concrete layer, meaning that both the first reinforcing sealing layer 1 and the second reinforcing sealing layer 3 are concrete layers. Specifically, the second reinforcing sealing layer 3 is filled with concrete grout. For example, the second cementitious material grout is low-grade concrete grout to reduce costs.
[0033] In some embodiments, in step S3, after laying the second rigid frame 31 on the first filling layer 2, the second cementitious material slurry is used to fill and cover the second rigid frame 31 on the first filling layer 2, so that after the second cementitious material slurry is formed, a second reinforced sealing layer 3 with the second rigid frame 31 is formed on the first filling layer 2. Specifically, the second rigid frame 31 includes a three-dimensional mesh structure composed of multiple steel bars (or fiberglass) extending in the horizontal or vertical direction. The second cementitious material slurry is concrete slurry. After the second cementitious material covers the second rigid frame 31, it can increase the mechanical properties, structural strength, and load-bearing capacity of the second reinforced sealing layer 3.
[0034] In some embodiments, the thickness (vertical dimension) of both the first reinforcing sealing layer 1 and the second reinforcing sealing layer 3 is greater than or equal to 3 meters. This allows the first reinforcing sealing layer 1 and the second reinforcing sealing layer 3 to possess high load-bearing capacity and structural strength. For example, the thickness (vertical dimension) of both the first reinforcing sealing layer 1 and the second reinforcing sealing layer 3 is 5 meters.
[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the second filling layer 4 is a tailings filling layer. That is, both the first and second cementing material slurries include tailings, and the strength of the first filling layer 2 is greater than the strength of the second filling layer 4. Therefore, the reinforced layer formed by the first reinforcing sealing layer 1, the first filling layer 2, and the second reinforcing sealing layer 3 has higher structural strength and load-bearing capacity. For example, the tailings in the second filling layer 4 are ordinary tailings (graded tailings). In some embodiments, during step S4, when filling the second reinforced sealing layer 3 with the second cementing material slurry, the water collected in the open pit 100 is drained from the open pit 100. Specifically, during the filling of the second cementing material slurry, water may collect in the open pit 100 to form a water pit. A drainage device can be used to drain the water from the water pit to reduce the occurrence of water seepage during the filling of the open pit 100.
[0036] In some embodiments, after step S4, surface reclamation work is carried out on the surface of the second filling layer 4. That is, after the open pit 100 is filled, the surface of the second filling layer 4 (fill body) is leveled, topsoil is backfilled, tilled, and fertilized in order to restore or improve the ecological environment of the open pit 100 destroyed area and make reasonable use of land resources.
[0037] In some embodiments, there are multiple first filling layers 2 and multiple reinforcing sealing layers 3, and the bottom of the open pit 100 is alternately arranged with multiple first filling layers 2 and multiple reinforcing sealing layers 3 arranged alternately. That is, the filling body includes multiple first filling layers 2 and multiple reinforcing sealing layers 3 arranged alternately, thereby further increasing the bearing capacity of the open pit 100. For example, there are two first filling layers 2 and two reinforcing sealing layers 3.
[0038] The open-pit filling method according to embodiments of the present invention further includes Step S5: Fill the second reinforcing and sealing layer 3 with the first cementing material slurry so that the first filling layer 2 is formed on the second reinforcing and sealing layer 3 after the first cementing material slurry is formed, so as to increase the number of the first filling layer 2.
[0039] Step S6: Fill the first filling layer 2 with the second cementitious material slurry so that the second cementitious material slurry forms a second reinforcing and sealing layer 3 on the first filling layer 2 after it is formed, so as to increase the number of the second reinforcing and sealing layers 3.
[0040] Steps S3, S5, S6, and S4 are performed sequentially, with steps S5 and S6 performed at least once. This allows for the creation of multiple first filling layers 2 and multiple second reinforcing sealing layers 3, with the bottoms of the open pit 100 of the multiple first filling layers 2 and multiple second reinforcing sealing layers 3 alternately arranged upwards.
[0041] The filling open pit 100 according to embodiments of the present invention has the advantages of being easy to implement, having low construction costs, and providing safety guarantees for underground mining.
[0042] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.
[0043] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0044] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0045] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0046] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.
[0047] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Any changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made to the above embodiments by those skilled in the art are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for filling open-pit pits, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Fill the bottom of the open pit with the first cementitious material slurry so that the first cementitious material slurry forms a first reinforced sealing layer at the bottom of the open pit after it is formed. After laying the first rigid frame at the bottom of the open pit, fill the bottom of the open pit with the first cementitious material slurry and cover the first rigid frame. Step S2: Fill the first reinforcement and sealing layer with the first cementing material slurry so that the first filling layer is formed on the first reinforcement and sealing layer after the first cementing material slurry is formed; Step S3: Fill the first filling layer with the second cementitious material slurry so that the second cementitious material slurry forms a second reinforced sealing layer on the first filling layer after molding. After laying the second rigid frame on the first filling layer, fill the first filling layer with the second cementitious material slurry and cover the second rigid frame. Step S4: Fill the second reinforced sealing layer with the second cementing material slurry so that the second cementing material slurry forms a second filling layer on the second reinforced sealing layer; Both the first and second reinforced sealing layers are concrete layers; Both the first cementing material slurry and the second cementing material slurry include tailings, and the strength of the first filling layer is greater than the strength of the second filling layer.
2. The method for filling open-pit pits according to claim 1, characterized in that, Prior to step S1, the open-pit filling method further includes The bottom of the open pit is leveled and compacted to form a compacted layer at the bottom of the open pit; In step S1, the compacted layer is filled with the first cementitious material slurry.
3. The method for filling open-pit pits according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of both the first and second reinforcing sealing layers is greater than or equal to 3 meters.
4. The method for filling open-pit pits according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, during the process of filling the first reinforced sealing layer with the first cementing material slurry, at least one layer of geotextile reinforcement is laid in the first cementing material slurry filling the open pit.
5. The method for filling open-pit pits according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, during the process of filling the second reinforced sealing layer with the second cementing material slurry, the water collected in the open pit is drained from the open pit.
6. The method for filling open-pit pits according to claim 1, characterized in that, After step S4, surface reclamation work is carried out on the surface of the second filling layer.
7. The method for filling open-pit pits according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes Step S5: Fill the second reinforcement and sealing layer with the first cementing material slurry so that the first filling layer is formed on the second reinforcement and sealing layer after the first cementing material slurry is formed; Step S6: Fill the first filling layer with the second cementitious material slurry so that the second cementitious material slurry forms a second reinforcing and sealing layer on the first filling layer after it is formed; Steps S3, S5, S6 and S4 are performed sequentially, and steps S5 and S6 are performed at least once.
8. A method for filling an open pit using the method described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The open pit is filled with a backfill material, which includes... The first reinforcing and sealing layer is a concrete layer; The first filling layer is a tailings filling layer. The second reinforcement and sealing layer is a concrete layer; The second filling layer is a tailings filling layer. The first reinforcing sealing layer, the first filling layer, the second reinforcing sealing layer, and the second filling layer are arranged sequentially from the bottom of the open pit upwards.
9. The filling open-pit according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first filling layer and the second reinforcing sealing layer are both multiple, and the multiple first filling layers and the multiple second reinforcing sealing layers are arranged alternately from bottom to top in the open pit; The strength of the sand in the first filling layer is greater than the strength of the second filling layer; The bottom of the open pit is leveled and compacted to form a compacted layer, and the first reinforcing and sealing layer is disposed above the compacted layer.