A tunnel boring machine, a pressure-maintaining system for the tunnel boring machine, and a control method thereof.

Abstract

This invention discloses a pressure-maintaining system for a tunnel boring machine (TBM), comprising a main control room, a pneumatic controller, an electrical converter, a first pneumatic regulating valve, a second pneumatic regulating valve, a third pneumatic regulating valve, a fourth pneumatic regulating valve, an air chamber, and a pressure detector. The diameter of the first pneumatic regulating valve is larger than that of the second pneumatic regulating valve; the diameter of the third pneumatic regulating valve is smaller than that of the fourth pneumatic regulating valve. The main control room is connected to the pneumatic controller. The pneumatic controller is used to control the operation of each pneumatic regulating valve according to the pressure detected by the pressure detector. Using the pressure-maintaining system provided by this invention, segmented adjustment is achieved, improving control accuracy and response speed. Furthermore, remote control via the main control room allows for rapid and safe adjustment of the set pressure of the pressure-maintaining system, thus improving system safety. This invention also discloses a TBM including the above-described pressure-maintaining system and a control method using the above-described pressure-maintaining system, which also possesses the aforementioned technical effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machine (TBM) technology, and more specifically, to a TBM, a TBM pressure holding system, and a control method thereof. Background Technology

[0002] A tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a specialized piece of equipment used for tunnel excavation, widely employed in the construction of tunnels for subways, railways, highways, and municipal water and electricity projects. During TBM construction, to prevent significant settlement or uplift deformation at the bottom layer, the sealed chamber at the front of the TBM must maintain a certain pressure to keep it dynamically balanced with the soil and water pressure. Slurry-balanced TBMs use slurry and the mud film formed at the excavation face as the medium, and utilize an automatic pressure-maintaining system to regulate the pressure of the compressed air in the air chamber, thus maintaining a dynamic pressure balance at the excavation face.

[0003] However, current pressure-maintaining systems cannot simultaneously meet the demands for rapid air intake and exhaust when the pressure difference between the chamber and the target pressure is too large, nor can they simultaneously meet the demand for precise flow control when the chamber pressure is close to the target pressure. Their control accuracy and system response capabilities are no longer sufficient to meet the requirements for precise chamber control in the current construction process of ultra-large diameter slurry balance shield tunnels.

[0004] Furthermore, the tunnel boring machine's pressure setting method is local control. Each time the machine is debugged and set, personnel must be on-site in the working chamber. In emergencies such as pipeline blockage, the system pressure cannot be adjusted in time, potentially leading to malfunctions such as chamber bursting. Additionally, the working chamber does not provide real-time pressure feedback to the main control room, preventing control room personnel from promptly understanding the pressure parameters within the working chamber and detecting internal control system faults.

[0005] In summary, how to effectively solve the problems that the control accuracy and system response capability of the pressure holding system of the tunnel boring machine cannot meet the construction requirements is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel boring machine, a tunnel boring machine pressure holding system and a control method thereof. The structural design of the tunnel boring machine pressure holding system can effectively solve the problem that the control accuracy and system response capability of the tunnel boring machine pressure holding system are difficult to meet the construction requirements.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A pressure-maintaining system for a tunnel boring machine includes a main control room, a pneumatic controller, an electrical converter, a first pneumatic regulating valve, a second pneumatic regulating valve, a third pneumatic regulating valve, a fourth pneumatic regulating valve, an air chamber, and a pressure detector.

[0009] The outlet of the first pneumatic regulating valve and the outlet of the second pneumatic regulating valve are respectively connected to the air chamber, and the inlet of the first pneumatic regulating valve and the inlet of the second pneumatic regulating valve are respectively connected to the air source. The diameter of the first pneumatic regulating valve is larger than the diameter of the second pneumatic regulating valve.

[0010] The air inlet of the third pneumatic regulating valve and the air inlet of the fourth pneumatic regulating valve are respectively connected to the air chamber, and the air outlet of the third pneumatic regulating valve and the air outlet of the fourth pneumatic regulating valve are respectively connected to the atmosphere. The diameter of the third pneumatic regulating valve is smaller than the diameter of the fourth pneumatic regulating valve.

[0011] The pressure detector is used to detect the pressure of the air chamber;

[0012] The main control room is connected to the pneumatic controller via the electrical converter, and is used to send a set pressure signal to the pneumatic controller;

[0013] The pneumatic controller is connected to the pressure detector, the first pneumatic regulating valve, the second pneumatic regulating valve, the third pneumatic regulating valve, and the fourth pneumatic regulating valve respectively, so as to control the operation of the first pneumatic regulating valve, the second pneumatic regulating valve, the third pneumatic regulating valve, and the fourth pneumatic regulating valve according to the pressure detected by the pressure detector.

[0014] Optionally, in the above-mentioned shield machine pressure-maintaining system, the pressure detector is connected to the main control room, and the main control room is also used to receive the detection pressure signal of the air chamber sent by the pressure detector.

[0015] Optionally, the above-mentioned shield machine pressure-maintaining system also includes a silencer, and the air outlets of the third pneumatic regulating valve and the fourth pneumatic regulating valve are respectively connected to the atmosphere through the silencer.

[0016] Optionally, in the above-mentioned shield machine pressure-maintaining system, the pressure detector includes a pressure transmitter, which is connected to the main control room via a pneumatic-electric converter.

[0017] Optionally, the aforementioned shield machine pressure-maintaining system further includes a fifth pneumatic regulating valve and a sixth pneumatic regulating valve. The outlet of the fifth pneumatic regulating valve is connected to the air chamber, and the inlet is also connected to the air chamber. The diameter of the fifth pneumatic regulating valve is larger than that of the first pneumatic regulating valve. The inlet of the sixth pneumatic regulating valve is connected to the air chamber, and the outlet is connected to the atmosphere. The diameter of the sixth pneumatic regulating valve is smaller than that of the third pneumatic regulating valve. The pneumatic controller is also used to control the operation of the fifth and sixth pneumatic regulating valves.

[0018] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides the following technical solution:

[0019] A control method for a tunnel boring machine (TBM) pressure holding system, used in the TBM pressure holding system as described above, comprising:

[0020] The real-time pressure of the air chamber is obtained through a pressure detector;

[0021] If the real-time pressure is less than the first preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the first pneumatic regulating valve to open so as to connect with the air source;

[0022] If the real-time pressure is greater than or equal to the first preset pressure and less than the set pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the second pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the air source;

[0023] If the real-time pressure is greater than the set pressure and less than or equal to the second preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the third pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the atmosphere;

[0024] If the real-time pressure is greater than the second preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the fourth pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the atmosphere;

[0025] If the real-time pressure is equal to the set pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the first pneumatic regulating valve, the second pneumatic regulating valve, the third pneumatic regulating valve, and the fourth pneumatic regulating valve to all close.

[0026] Wherein, the first preset pressure < the set pressure < the second preset pressure.

[0027] Optionally, in the above control method, if the real-time pressure is less than the first preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the first pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the air source, specifically including:

[0028] If the real-time pressure is less than the third preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls both the first pneumatic regulating valve and the second pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the air source;

[0029] If the real-time pressure is greater than or equal to the third preset pressure and less than the first preset pressure, then the pneumatic controller controls the first pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the air source;

[0030] Wherein, the third preset pressure is less than the first preset pressure.

[0031] Optionally, in the above control method, if the real-time pressure is greater than the second preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the fourth pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the atmosphere, specifically including:

[0032] If the real-time pressure is greater than the second preset pressure and less than or equal to the fourth preset pressure, then the pneumatic controller controls the fourth pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the atmosphere;

[0033] If the real-time pressure is greater than the fourth preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls both the third and fourth pneumatic regulating valves to open to connect with the atmosphere;

[0034] Wherein, the fourth preset pressure is greater than the second preset pressure.

[0035] The shield tunneling machine pressure-maintaining system and control method provided by this invention acquires the real-time pressure of the air chamber through a pressure detector during shield tunneling. If the real-time pressure is less than a first preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the first pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the air source. If the real-time pressure is greater than or equal to the first preset pressure but less than the set pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the second pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the air source. If the real-time pressure is greater than the set pressure but less than or equal to the second preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the third pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the atmosphere. If the real-time pressure is greater than the second preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the fourth pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the atmosphere. If the real-time pressure is equal to the set pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the first, second, third, and fourth pneumatic regulating valves to close.

[0036] By detecting the real-time pressure of the air chamber and comparing it with the set pressure in the main control room, when the real-time pressure is lower than the set pressure value, the pneumatic controller outputs a control signal to open the first or second pneumatic regulating valve to increase the pressure inside the air chamber, based on the difference between the real-time and set pressure values. When the detected real-time pressure of the air chamber is higher than the set pressure value, the pneumatic controller outputs a control signal to open the third or fourth pneumatic regulating valve to decrease the pressure inside the air chamber, based on the difference between the real-time and set pressure values. When the real-time pressure of the air chamber matches the set pressure value, the pneumatic controller closes all pneumatic regulating valves. In summary, this invention adopts electrical-coordinated remote automatic control. In emergency situations such as pipeline blockage, the remote control system can quickly and safely adjust the set pressure of the pressure-holding system, thereby avoiding problems such as air chamber bursts. Furthermore, remote control eliminates the need for on-site operation of controllers located on the shield body, improving system safety. Furthermore, the system's pressure regulation is achieved through segmented control using pneumatic regulating valves of different diameters. This overcomes the technical challenges of controlling large-diameter valves with high flow rates and velocities, thereby enhancing the stability of the pressure-holding system and improving its applicability to tunnel boring machine pressure-holding systems.

[0037] The present invention also provides a tunnel boring machine (TBM) comprising any of the aforementioned TBM pressure-maintaining systems. Since the aforementioned TBM pressure-maintaining systems possess the aforementioned technical effects, a TBM having this pressure-maintaining system should also possess the corresponding technical effects. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tunnel boring machine pressure-maintaining system according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a control method for a tunnel boring machine pressure-maintaining system according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] The following labels are shown in the attached diagram:

[0042] Air chamber 1, first pneumatic regulating valve 2, second pneumatic regulating valve 3, third pneumatic regulating valve 4, fourth pneumatic regulating valve 5, air source 6, silencer 7, pneumatic controller 8, electrical converter 9, pressure transmitter 10, pneumatic-electric converter 11, main control room 12. Detailed Implementation

[0043] This invention discloses a tunnel boring machine, a tunnel boring machine pressure holding system, and a control method thereof, so as to achieve segmented adjustment and improve control accuracy.

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure-holding system of a tunnel boring machine according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] In one specific embodiment, the shield machine pressure holding system provided by the present invention includes a main control room 12, a pneumatic controller 8, an electrical converter 9, a first pneumatic regulating valve 2, a second pneumatic regulating valve 3, a third pneumatic regulating valve 4, a fourth pneumatic regulating valve 5, an air chamber 1, and a pressure detector.

[0047] The system comprises two pneumatic control valves: a first pneumatic control valve 2 and a second pneumatic control valve 3, which are inlet pneumatic control valves. The outlets of the first and second pneumatic control valves are connected to the air chamber 1, and the inlets of the first and second pneumatic control valves are connected to the air source 6. The diameter of the first pneumatic control valve 2 is larger than that of the second pneumatic control valve 3. Similarly, two pneumatic control valves are two exhaust pneumatic control valves: a third pneumatic control valve 4 and a fourth pneumatic control valve 5, which are connected to the air chamber 1, and the outlets of the third and fourth pneumatic control valves are connected to the atmosphere. The diameter of the third pneumatic control valve 4 is smaller than that of the fourth pneumatic control valve 5. A pressure detector is used to detect the real-time pressure of the air chamber 1 and transmit the signal to the pneumatic controller 8. The main control room 12 is connected to the pneumatic controller 8 via an electrical converter 9 and is used to send a set pressure signal to the pneumatic controller 8. After the main control room 12 sets the pressure of the air chamber 1, it transmits a current signal to the electrical converter 9, which converts it into a pressure signal to set the signal of the pneumatic controller 8. The main control room 12 is used for remote operation and digital communication of the tunnel boring machine (TBM), and records the real-time parameter data of the TBM. The main control room 12 sends a 4-20mA electrical signal to the pneumatic controller 8 according to different geological characteristics. This signal serves as the set value for remote operation of the pneumatic controller 8. The pneumatic controller 8 is connected to a pressure detector, a first pneumatic regulating valve 2, a second pneumatic regulating valve 3, a third pneumatic regulating valve 4, and a fourth pneumatic regulating valve 5, respectively, to control the operation of the first pneumatic regulating valve 2, the second pneumatic regulating valve 3, the third pneumatic regulating valve 4, and the fourth pneumatic regulating valve 5 according to the pressure detected by the pressure detector.

[0048] Using the shield tunneling machine pressure-maintaining system provided by this invention, during shield tunneling construction, the real-time pressure of the air chamber 1 is detected and compared with the set pressure set in the main control room 12. When the real-time pressure is lower than the set pressure value, the pneumatic controller 8 outputs a control signal to open the first pneumatic regulating valve 2 and / or the second pneumatic regulating valve 3 to increase the pressure inside the air chamber 1, based on the difference between the real-time pressure and the set pressure. When the detected real-time pressure of the air chamber 1 is higher than the set pressure value, the pneumatic controller 8 outputs a control signal to open the third pneumatic regulating valve 4 and / or the fourth pneumatic regulating valve 5 to decrease the pressure inside the air chamber 1, based on the difference between the real-time pressure and the set pressure. When the real-time pressure of the air chamber 1 is consistent with the set pressure value, the pneumatic controller 8 closes all pneumatic regulating valves.

[0049] For example, when the real-time pressure of chamber 1 is significantly higher than the set pressure value, the pneumatic controller 8 will output a corresponding control signal to open the third pneumatic regulating valve 4 and the fourth pneumatic regulating valve 5, reducing the pressure inside the working chamber. When the difference between the real-time pressure and the set pressure of chamber 1 decreases, only the fourth exhaust regulating valve is opened. When the difference between the real-time pressure and the set pressure of chamber 1 continues to decrease, only the third exhaust regulating valve is opened, where the diameter of the fourth exhaust regulating valve is larger than that of the third exhaust regulating valve. When the real-time pressure of chamber 1 is lower than the set pressure value, the first intake regulating valve and the second intake regulating valve will be opened according to the magnitude of the difference between the real-time pressure and the set pressure, increasing the pressure inside the air cushion chamber. When the detected chamber pressure matches the set pressure value, all intake and exhaust regulating valves will be closed. That is, when the difference between the real-time pressure and the set pressure of chamber 1 is small, the smaller valves open first for intake and exhaust, resulting in a smaller airflow rate and intake volume, and a slow and stable pressure rise and fall.

[0050] In summary, this invention employs a combined electrical and remote automatic control system. In emergencies such as pipeline blockage, the remote control system can quickly and safely adjust the set pressure of the pressure-holding system, thus avoiding malfunctions such as chamber bursts. Furthermore, remote control eliminates the need for on-site operation via controllers mounted on the shield, enhancing system safety. The system's pressure regulation utilizes pneumatic regulating valves of varying diameters for segmented control. The combination of large and small diameter valves ensures accurate control and a wide adjustment range, effectively preventing issues such as surge in large-diameter valves operating at small openings. This enhances the stability of the pressure-holding system and improves its applicability to tunnel boring machine pressure-holding systems.

[0051] In one embodiment, the pressure detector is connected to the main control room 12, which is also used to receive the detected pressure signal of the air chamber 1 sent by the pressure detector. That is, the main control room 12 records the real-time pressure parameter data of the air chamber 1, so that the personnel in the main control room 12 can understand the pressure parameters in the working chamber in a timely manner.

[0052] In one embodiment, the tunnel boring machine pressure-maintaining system further includes a silencer 7, with the outlets of the third pneumatic regulating valve 4 and the fourth pneumatic regulating valve 5 respectively connected to the atmosphere via the silencer 7. The silencer 7 is used to reduce exhaust noise and ensure safe and reliable gas discharge.

[0053] In one embodiment, the pressure detector includes a pressure transmitter 10, which is connected to the main control room 12 via a pneumatic-electric converter 11. The pressure transmitter 10 detects the actual pressure of the air chamber 1 and sends it to the pneumatic controller 8. The pneumatic controller 8 compares the pressure of the air chamber 1 with a set pressure to control the intake and exhaust components. In other embodiments, the pressure of the air chamber 1 detected by the pressure transmitter 10 is also fed back to the main control room 12 via the pneumatic-electric converter 11. The pressure detector can also be a pressure sensor or other pressure detection device.

[0054] In one embodiment, the tunnel boring machine pressure-maintaining system further includes a fifth pneumatic regulating valve and a sixth pneumatic regulating valve. The outlet and inlet of the fifth pneumatic regulating valve are connected to the air chamber 1, and the diameter of the fifth pneumatic regulating valve is larger than that of the first pneumatic regulating valve 2. The inlet of the sixth pneumatic regulating valve is connected to the air chamber 1, and the outlet is connected to the atmosphere. The diameter of the sixth pneumatic regulating valve is smaller than that of the third pneumatic regulating valve 4. The pneumatic controller 8 is also used to control the operation of the fifth and sixth pneumatic regulating valves. By further configuring the fifth and sixth pneumatic regulating valves, multi-stage split-range control of intake and exhaust is achieved, resulting in higher control accuracy and faster response speed.

[0055] The present invention also provides a control method for a tunnel boring machine (TBM) pressure holding system. In one specific embodiment, the control method for a TBM pressure holding system provided by the present invention is used in any of the above-described TBM pressure holding systems, comprising:

[0056] The real-time pressure of the air chamber is obtained through a pressure detector;

[0057] If the real-time pressure is less than the first preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the first pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the air source, and the pressure in the air chamber increases, thereby realizing rapid air intake in the air chamber when the pressure difference between the air chamber and the set pressure is large.

[0058] If the real-time pressure is greater than or equal to the first preset pressure and less than the set pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the second pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the air source, and the pressure in the air chamber increases, thereby achieving precise flow control when the air chamber pressure is close to the set pressure.

[0059] If the real-time pressure is greater than the set pressure and less than or equal to the second preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the third pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the atmosphere, and the pressure in the air chamber drops, thereby achieving precise flow control when the air chamber pressure is close to the set pressure.

[0060] If the real-time pressure is greater than the second preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the fourth pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the atmosphere, and the air chamber pressure drops, thereby realizing the rapid exhaust of the air chamber when the air chamber pressure is large compared with the set pressure.

[0061] If the real-time pressure equals the set pressure, the pneumatic controller will close the first, second, third, and fourth pneumatic regulating valves.

[0062] Among them, the first preset pressure < the set pressure < the second preset pressure.

[0063] The control method of the shield machine pressure holding system provided by this invention, based on the flow characteristics of the pneumatic regulating valve, controls the opening and closing of pneumatic regulating valves of different diameters through an electrically controlled reversing valve, and controls the air intake and exhaust of the air chamber in a segmented manner. This can overcome the technical difficulties of large-diameter valves with large flow rates and fast flow velocities, which are difficult to control, thereby achieving the purpose of precise flow control of the automatic pressure holding system.

[0064] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a control method for a tunnel boring machine pressure-maintaining system according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0065] In this embodiment, the control method of the tunnel boring machine pressure holding system includes the following steps:

[0066] S11: Obtain the real-time pressure of the air chamber through a pressure detector;

[0067] S12: Determine if the real-time pressure is equal to the set pressure. If yes, proceed to step S114; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0068] S13: Determine if the real-time pressure is less than the set pressure. If yes, proceed to step S14; otherwise, proceed to step S19.

[0069] S14: Determine whether the real-time pressure is less than the third preset pressure. If yes, proceed to step S15; otherwise, proceed to step S16.

[0070] S15: The pneumatic controller controls both the first and second pneumatic regulating valves to open to connect with the air source, and the air chamber pressure rises.

[0071] S16: Determine whether the real-time pressure is less than the first preset pressure. If yes, proceed to step S17; otherwise, proceed to step S18.

[0072] S17: The pneumatic controller controls the first pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the air source, and the air chamber pressure rises.

[0073] S18: The pneumatic controller controls the second pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the air source, and the air chamber pressure rises.

[0074] S19: Determine whether the real-time pressure is greater than the fourth preset pressure. If yes, proceed to step S110; otherwise, proceed to step S111.

[0075] S110: The pneumatic controller controls both the third and fourth pneumatic regulating valves to open to connect with the atmosphere, causing the air chamber pressure to drop;

[0076] S111: Determine whether the real-time pressure is greater than the second preset pressure. If yes, proceed to step S112; otherwise, proceed to step S113.

[0077] S112: The pneumatic controller controls the fourth pneumatic regulating valve to open for connection with the atmosphere, and the pressure in the air chamber drops.

[0078] S113: The pneumatic controller controls the third pneumatic regulating valve to open for connection with the atmosphere, and the pressure in the air chamber drops.

[0079] S114: The pneumatic controller controls the first pneumatic regulating valve, the second pneumatic regulating valve, the third pneumatic regulating valve, and the fourth pneumatic regulating valve to be all closed.

[0080] Among them, the third preset pressure < the first preset pressure < the set pressure < the second preset pressure < the fourth preset pressure.

[0081] Through the above settings, multi-stage split-range control of air intake and exhaust is achieved, with higher control accuracy and faster response speed. The judgment logic is simple and the control response speed is fast. In other embodiments, the judgment order is not limited to the above limitations.

[0082] The first preset pressure is denoted as P1, the second preset pressure is denoted as P2, the third preset pressure is denoted as P3, the fourth preset pressure is denoted as P4, the real-time pressure is denoted as P, the set pressure is denoted as P*, and the maximum regulating pressure of the air chamber is denoted as P0. The maximum regulating pressure p0 of the air chamber is determined by the air chamber structure and is the upper limit of the pressure range allowed by the air chamber. Specifically, the first preset pressure to the fourth preset pressure can respectively satisfy: P1 = P* - 1 / 3P0; P2 = P* + 1 / 3P0; P3 = P* - 2 / 3P0; P4 = P* + 2 / 3P0;

[0083] Then when the difference between the real-time pressure P and the set pressure P* is equal to zero, all four pneumatic regulating valves are closed;

[0084] When the real-time pressure P is less than the set pressure P*, and the difference P* - P between the set pressure P* and the real-time pressure P is ≤ 1 / 3P0 (the real-time pressure is greater than or equal to the first preset pressure and less than the set pressure), the second pneumatic regulating valve is opened for air intake; when the difference 1 / 3P0 < P* - P ≤ 2 / 3P0 between the set pressure P* and the real-time pressure P (the real-time pressure is greater than or equal to the third preset pressure and less than the first preset pressure), the first pneumatic regulating valve is opened for air intake; when the difference P* - P between the set pressure P* and the real-time pressure P > 2 / 3P0 (the real-time pressure is less than the third preset pressure), the first pneumatic regulating valve and the second pneumatic regulating valve are opened for air intake;

[0085] When the real-time pressure P is greater than the set pressure P*, and the difference between the real-time pressure P and the set pressure P*, i.e., P - P* ≤ 1 / 3P0 (the real-time pressure is greater than the set pressure and less than or equal to the second preset pressure), the third pneumatic regulating valve is opened for air intake; when the difference between the real-time pressure P and the set pressure P*, i.e., 1 / 3P0 < P - P* ≤ 2 / 3P0 (the real-time pressure is greater than the second preset pressure and less than or equal to the fourth preset pressure), the fourth pneumatic regulating valve is opened for air intake; when the difference between the real-time pressure P and the set pressure P*, i.e., P - P* > 2 / 3P0 (the real-time pressure is greater than the fourth preset pressure), the third pneumatic regulating valve and the fourth pneumatic regulating valve are opened for air intake.

[0086] In a specific embodiment, the control method of the pressure maintaining system of the shield machine provided by the present invention is used for the pressure maintaining system of the shield machine described below. Please refer to Figure 1 , which includes an air chamber 1, a first pneumatic regulating valve 2, a second pneumatic regulating valve 3, a third pneumatic regulating valve 4, a fourth pneumatic regulating valve 5, a gas source 6, a silencer 7, a pneumatic controller 8, an electric converter 9, a pressure transmitter 10, a pneumatic-electric converter 11, and a main control room 12.

[0087] The main control room 12 sets the set pressure value of the air chamber 1 according to the actual situation, transmits a current signal to the electric converter 9 to be converted into a gas signal to set the pressure of the pneumatic controller 8, and drives the intake and exhaust regulating valves (the first pneumatic regulating valve 2, the second pneumatic regulating valve 3, the third pneumatic regulating valve 4, and the fourth pneumatic regulating valve 5) through the pneumatic controller 8. At this time, the pressure transmitter 10 detects the pressure in the air chamber 1, feeds back the air chamber pressure signal to the pneumatic controller 8, and at the same time converts it into a gas signal through the pneumatic-electric converter 11 and feeds it back to the main control room 12. The pneumatic controller 8 receives the actual pressure signal of the air chamber from the pressure transmitter 10 and the set pressure signal of the main control room 12, performs a comparison operation, and outputs a corresponding control signal to open the corresponding intake and exhaust regulating valves.

[0088] When the real-time pressure of the air chamber is less than the set pressure, the pneumatic controller 8 outputs control signals within the range of P4 - P7 to respectively control the first pneumatic regulating valve 2 and the second pneumatic regulating valve 3 to open for air intake. Specifically, when the difference between the set pressure and the air chamber pressure is small, such as when the real-time pressure is not less than the first preset pressure, the control signal range of the pneumatic controller 8 is P4 - P5, and the second pneumatic regulating valve drives the small-diameter valve to slowly open, and the compressed air of the gas source 6 enters the air chamber 1; when the difference between the set pressure and the real-time pressure is large, such as when the real-time pressure is not less than the third preset pressure but less than the first preset pressure, the output signal range of the pneumatic controller 8 is P5 - P6, and the first pneumatic regulating valve drives the large-diameter valve to slowly actuate and open; when the difference between the set pressure and the real-time pressure is very large, such as when the real-time pressure is less than the third preset pressure, the output signal of the pneumatic controller 8 is P6 - P7, and the first pneumatic regulating valve 2 and the second pneumatic regulating valve 3 are opened for air intake simultaneously.

[0089] When the real-time pressure of the air chamber equals the set pressure, the pressure transmitter 2 detects the pressure of the air chamber 1 and feeds it back to the pneumatic controller 8. The output signal of the pneumatic controller 8 is P4, and all four pneumatic regulating valves are closed.

[0090] When the real-time pressure of the air chamber is greater than the set pressure, the pneumatic controller 8 outputs control signals P1-P4 to control the third pneumatic regulating valve 4 and the fourth pneumatic regulating valve 5 to open for exhaust. Specifically, when the difference between the set pressure and the real-time pressure of the air chamber is small, such as when the real-time pressure is not greater than the second preset pressure, the pneumatic controller 8 outputs control signals P3-P4, the third pneumatic regulating valve 4 receives the signal and acts, and controls the small-diameter valve to open slowly, allowing the compressed air in the air chamber 1 to be discharged through the silencer 7; when the difference between the set pressure and the real-time pressure is large, such as when the real-time pressure is greater than the second preset pressure but not greater than the fourth preset pressure, the pneumatic controller 8 outputs signals P2-P3, the fourth pneumatic regulating valve 5 receives the signal and acts, and controls the large-diameter valve to open; when the difference between the set pressure and the real-time pressure is large, such as when the real-time pressure is greater than the fourth preset pressure, the pneumatic controller outputs signals P1-P2, and the third pneumatic regulating valve 4 and the fourth pneumatic regulating valve 5 open simultaneously for exhaust.

[0091] Based on the shield machine pressure-holding system provided in the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a shield machine, which includes any one of the shield machine pressure-holding systems in the above embodiments. Since this shield machine uses the shield machine pressure-holding system in the above embodiments, the beneficial effects of this shield machine are explained in the above embodiments.

[0092] In one embodiment, a tunnel boring machine is equipped with two automatic pressure-maintaining systems: one is the working system and the other is the backup control system. If the working system fails, the backup control system can be activated immediately.

[0093] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0094] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A pressure-maintaining system for a tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, It includes a main control room, pneumatic controller, electrical converter, first pneumatic regulating valve, second pneumatic regulating valve, third pneumatic regulating valve, fourth pneumatic regulating valve, air chamber, and pressure detector; The outlet of the first pneumatic regulating valve and the outlet of the second pneumatic regulating valve are respectively connected to the air chamber, and the inlet of the first pneumatic regulating valve and the inlet of the second pneumatic regulating valve are respectively connected to the air source. The diameter of the first pneumatic regulating valve is larger than the diameter of the second pneumatic regulating valve. The air inlet of the third pneumatic regulating valve and the air inlet of the fourth pneumatic regulating valve are respectively connected to the air chamber, and the air outlet of the third pneumatic regulating valve and the air outlet of the fourth pneumatic regulating valve are respectively connected to the atmosphere. The diameter of the third pneumatic regulating valve is smaller than the diameter of the fourth pneumatic regulating valve. The pressure detector is used to detect the pressure of the air chamber; The main control room is connected to the pneumatic controller via the electrical converter, and is used to send a set pressure signal to the pneumatic controller; The pneumatic controller is connected to the pressure detector, the first pneumatic regulating valve, the second pneumatic regulating valve, the third pneumatic regulating valve, and the fourth pneumatic regulating valve respectively, so as to control the operation of the first pneumatic regulating valve, the second pneumatic regulating valve, the third pneumatic regulating valve, and the fourth pneumatic regulating valve according to the pressure detected by the pressure detector.

2. The shield tunneling machine pressure-maintaining system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure detector is connected to the main control room, which is also used to receive the detection pressure signal of the air chamber sent by the pressure detector.

3. The shield tunneling machine pressure-maintaining system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a silencer, and the air outlets of the third pneumatic regulating valve and the fourth pneumatic regulating valve are respectively connected to the atmosphere through the silencer.

4. The shield tunneling machine pressure-maintaining system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure detector includes a pressure transmitter, which is connected to the main control room via a pneumatic-electric converter.

5. The shield tunneling machine pressure-maintaining system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It also includes a fifth pneumatic regulating valve and a sixth pneumatic regulating valve. The outlet of the fifth pneumatic regulating valve is connected to the air chamber, and the inlet is connected to the air chamber. The diameter of the fifth pneumatic regulating valve is larger than that of the first pneumatic regulating valve. The inlet of the sixth pneumatic regulating valve is connected to the air chamber, and the outlet is connected to the atmosphere. The diameter of the sixth pneumatic regulating valve is smaller than that of the third pneumatic regulating valve. The pneumatic controller is also used to control the operation of the fifth and sixth pneumatic regulating valves.

6. A tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, Includes the tunnel boring machine pressure holding system as described in any one of claims 1-5.

7. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes two sets of the aforementioned shield machine pressure-maintaining systems, one for the working system and the other for the backup system.

8. A control method for a tunnel boring machine pressure holding system, used in the tunnel boring machine pressure holding system as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: The real-time pressure of the air chamber is obtained through a pressure detector; If the real-time pressure is less than the first preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the first pneumatic regulating valve to open so as to connect with the air source; If the real-time pressure is greater than or equal to the first preset pressure and less than the set pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the second pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the air source; If the real-time pressure is greater than the set pressure and less than or equal to the second preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the third pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the atmosphere; If the real-time pressure is greater than the second preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the fourth pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the atmosphere; If the real-time pressure is equal to the set pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the first pneumatic regulating valve, the second pneumatic regulating valve, the third pneumatic regulating valve, and the fourth pneumatic regulating valve to all close. Wherein, the first preset pressure < the set pressure < the second preset pressure.

9. The control method for the pressure-maintaining system of a tunnel boring machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, If the real-time pressure is less than the first preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the first pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the air source, specifically including: If the real-time pressure is less than the third preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls both the first pneumatic regulating valve and the second pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the air source; If the real-time pressure is greater than or equal to the third preset pressure and less than the first preset pressure, then the pneumatic controller controls the first pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the air source; Wherein, the third preset pressure is less than the first preset pressure.

10. The control method for the pressure-maintaining system of a tunnel boring machine according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, If the real-time pressure is greater than the second preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the fourth pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the atmosphere, specifically including: If the real-time pressure is greater than the second preset pressure and less than or equal to the fourth preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls the fourth pneumatic regulating valve to open to connect with the atmosphere; If the real-time pressure is greater than the fourth preset pressure, the pneumatic controller controls both the third and fourth pneumatic regulating valves to open to connect with the atmosphere; Wherein, the fourth preset pressure is greater than the second preset pressure.

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