A construction method for curved sections of dark-excavated tunnels

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and more specifically to a method for constructing a curved section of a dark-excavated tunnel, comprising the following steps: prefabricating an axis locating rod according to tunnel axis parameters; installing the axis locating rod to the tunnel side wall via a plurality of clamping components, with the axis locating rod arranged parallel to the tunnel axis; and verifying the curvature of the tunnel by measuring the distance between the tunnel side wall and the axis locating rod during tunnel excavation. During construction, this method requires only simple distance measurement using a steel ruler to verify the curvature of the curved section. This method is simple to operate, places low demands on construction personnel, avoids frequent measurement and layout with a total station, and improves the excavation efficiency of the curved tunnel section. The axis locating rod is prefabricated according to the tunnel curve axis, providing precise guidance for the construction of the curved tunnel section and improving the construction quality of the curved tunnel section.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a construction method for a curved section of a dark-excavated tunnel. Background Art

[0002] When controlling the initial support excavation boundary line of a curved section of a dark-bored tunnel, a total station is usually used to re-survey the section to guide the construction of the next section. Two fixed points are required at the arch layout of the curved section, and the extension line of the line connecting the two fixed points is used as the reference axis. The excavation boundary line is controlled by controlling the offset of each initial support side wall boundary line relative to the reference axis. This method requires frequent use of a total station to measure and lay out and update the reference axis, which is inefficient, has large initial support boundary line positioning deviations, and places high demands on the operator.

[0003] Therefore, a technical solution is currently needed to solve the technical problems of tunnel curve construction, which requires frequent measurement and layout with a total station, resulting in low construction efficiency, large deviations, and high requirements for operators. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing curved sections of dark-excavated tunnels in response to the technical problems in the prior art that tunnel curve construction requires frequent measurement and layout using a total station, resulting in low construction efficiency, large deviations, and high requirements for operators.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A method for constructing a curved section of a dark-excavated tunnel comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1, prefabricated positioning rod: prefabricated axis positioning rod according to tunnel axis parameters;

[0008] S2, positioning rod installation: the axis positioning rod is installed on the tunnel side wall through several clamping components, and the axis positioning rod is set parallel to the tunnel axis;

[0009] S3, Curved tunnel excavation: During the tunnel excavation process, the curvature of the tunnel is verified by measuring the distance between the tunnel side wall and the axis positioning rod.

[0010] The present invention provides a method for constructing a curved section of a blind-excavated tunnel. First, an axis positioning rod is manufactured according to a radius parameter of the curved section of the tunnel. Then, the axis positioning rod is installed at a side wall of the curved section of the tunnel so that the spacings between the side walls of the excavated curved section and the axis positioning rod are the same, that is, the axis positioning rod is arranged parallel to the tunnel axis. Finally, the curved tunnel is excavated. During the excavation process, the curvature of the tunnel is verified by the spacing between the axis positioning rod and the side wall of the tunnel to guide the current construction and continued construction of the curved section. After the current construction is completed, the axis positioning rod is moved in the extension direction of the axis positioning rod to carry out the construction of the next section of the curved tunnel. During the construction process of the method, only a simple distance measurement with a steel ruler is required to realize the verification of the curvature of the curved section. The method is simple to operate and has low requirements for construction personnel. Frequent measurement and layout with a total station is avoided, thereby improving the excavation efficiency of the curved section of the tunnel. The axis positioning rod is prefabricated according to the curved axis of the tunnel to accurately guide the construction of the curved section of the tunnel, thereby improving the construction quality of the curved section of the tunnel.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the tunnel axis parameters include the tunnel radius and the tunnel slope. In step S3, the tunnel slope is verified by measuring the vertical distance between the bottom wall of the currently excavated portion and the axis locating rod. By measuring the distance between the tunnel side walls and the axis locating rod, it is determined whether the tunnel radius meets the design requirements to guide the current and continued construction of the tunnel side walls. By measuring the distance between the tunnel bottom wall and the axis locating rod, it is determined whether the tunnel slope meets the design requirements to guide the current and continued construction of the tunnel bottom wall.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a step Sn is further provided between steps S1 and S2, namely, excavation of the initial section of the curved tunnel: during the tunnel transition from a straight section to a curved section, the tunnel curvature and slope are verified using a total station. Step S2 is performed when the axis locating rod can be completely installed within the curved section of the tunnel, or when, based on the construction site conditions, the axis locating rod, after installation, does not interfere with surrounding people and objects and thus does not affect tunnel construction. This facilitates installation of the axis locating rod at the beginning of the curved section of the tunnel, ensuring that the axis locating rod aligns with the tunnel sidewalls and prevents excessive interference with people and objects within the tunnel.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S4 is also included: initial tunnel support construction. Initial support is constructed on the tunnel sidewalls and the thickness of the initial support is verified by measuring the distance between the initial support and the axis positioning rod. In step S, when the axis positioning rod is installed, a preliminary support gap is reserved between the axis positioning rod and the tunnel sidewall. After the tunnel sidewall construction is completed, concrete is sprayed on the sidewall for initial support, improving the quality and efficiency of initial support construction in curved sections.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the clamping member includes a vertical positioning rod having a clamping groove for mounting the axis positioning rod. The vertical positioning rod can be fixed in the tunnel, and the axis positioning rod can be snapped into the clamping groove of the vertical positioning rod, thereby securing the axis positioning rod in the tunnel.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the clamping member further includes a transverse positioning rod, the rod body of which is connected to the vertical positioning rod, and the transverse positioning rod is used to connect to the tunnel side wall. The transverse positioning rod is installed by pre-drilling mounting holes in the tunnel side wall, and the transverse positioning rod is fixed to the vertical positioning rod, thereby achieving the fixation of the vertical positioning rod within the tunnel.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vertical positioning rod is provided with a vertical slot, the vertical slot passes through the bottom of the vertical positioning rod, the transverse positioning rod passes through the vertical slot and is connected to the tunnel side wall, and the clamping component also includes a limiter, the limiter is used to limit the relative sliding of the vertical positioning rod and the transverse positioning rod. First, the vertical positioning rod can be moved along the transverse positioning rod, and the distance between the vertical positioning rod and the side wall is adjusted, so that the position of the vertical positioning rod matches the axis positioning rod, thereby facilitating the vertical positioning rod to clamp the axis positioning rod. Second, before the clamping component is installed, it is necessary to prefabricate the mounting hole for mounting the transverse positioning rod on the side wall. The mounting hole may have errors in the horizontal and vertical directions when drilling. In the case of errors in the installation of the transverse positioning rod, the vertical positioning rods with vertical slots can be connected to the transverse positioning rod, and then the relative sliding of the transverse positioning rod and the vertical positioning rod is limited by the limiter, so as to achieve the fixation of the vertical positioning rod, thereby ensuring the stability of the position of the axis positioning rod during construction.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the limiting member includes a sleeve, which is sleeved onto the vertical positioning rod, and a side wall of the sleeve is provided with a side hole adapted to fit the vertical positioning rod, and a fastening bolt is provided on the side wall of the sleeve, and the fastening bolt is used to limit the relative sliding of the sleeve and the vertical positioning rod. During use, the sleeve is sleeved onto the vertical positioning rod, and the vertical positioning rod is then inserted into the side hole of the sleeve side wall and further extended downward. After the vertical positioning rod and the transverse positioning rod are positioned, the fastening bolt on the side wall of the sleeve is tightened so that the fastening bolt presses against the outer wall of the vertical positioning rod, thereby achieving relative fixation between the sleeve and the vertical positioning rod.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the position limiting member further comprises a locking nut, a plurality of clips are provided on the inner wall of one end of the sleeve, the plurality of clips are enclosed to form a cone shape, and the small end of the cone is arranged toward the outside of the sleeve, and a gap is provided between adjacent clips, the locking nut is threadedly connected to the inner wall of one end of the sleeve where the clips are provided, the locking nut is sleeved on the transverse positioning rod, and the locking nut is used to press the clips against the transverse positioning rod. After the positions of the transverse positioning rod and the vertical positioning rod are determined, the locking nut is tightened toward one side of the sleeve, the locking nut is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the sleeve, and during the tightening process of the locking nut, the locking nut presses the clips against the side wall of the transverse positioning rod, thereby achieving relative fixation of the sleeve and the transverse positioning rod.

[0019] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the number of the clamping components is at least three. The three clamping components support three points of the arc-shaped axis positioning rod, and the three points can determine the shape of the arc, so that the axis positioning rod is not prone to deflection during use.

[0020] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. During the construction process, this method only requires a simple distance measurement with a steel ruler to verify the curvature of the curve segment. The operation is simple and has low requirements for construction personnel.

[0022] 2. It avoids frequent measurement and layout with total stations, thus improving the excavation efficiency of the curved tunnel section;

[0023] 3. The axis positioning rod is prefabricated according to the tunnel curve axis, which provides precise guidance for the construction of the tunnel curve section and improves the construction quality of the tunnel curve section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for constructing a curved section of a dark-excavated tunnel according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the connection relationship between the axis positioning rod and the clamping component of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the clamping component of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sleeve of the present invention;

[0028] Markings in the figure: 1-axis positioning rod, 2-clamping part, 21-vertical positioning rod, 211-slot, 212-vertical slot, 22-lateral positioning rod, 23-sleeve, 231-side hole, 232-fastening bolt, 233-clamp, 24-locking nut, 25-limiting cap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a method for constructing a curved section of a dark-excavated tunnel according to this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0033] S1, prefabricated positioning rod: prefabricate axis positioning rod 1 according to tunnel axis parameters;

[0034] S2, positioning rod installation: the axis positioning rod 1 is installed to the side wall of the tunnel through a plurality of clamping components 2, and the axis positioning rod 1 is arranged parallel to the tunnel axis.

[0035] S3, Curved tunnel excavation: During the tunnel excavation process, the curvature of the tunnel is verified by measuring the distance between the tunnel side wall and the axis positioning rod 1.

[0036] First, an axis positioning rod 1 is made according to the radius parameter of the tunnel curve section, and then the axis positioning rod 1 is installed to the side wall of the tunnel curve section so that the distance between the side wall of the excavated curve section and the axis positioning rod is the same, that is, the axis positioning rod 1 is set parallel to the tunnel axis. Finally, the curved tunnel is excavated. During the excavation process, the curvature of the tunnel is verified by the distance between the axis positioning rod 1 and the tunnel side wall to guide the current construction and continued construction of the curved section. After the current construction is completed, the axis positioning rod 1 is moved in the extension direction of the axis positioning rod 1, and the position of the clamping component 2 is changed accordingly to support the axis positioning rod 1, and the next section of the curved tunnel can be constructed. During the construction process of this method, only a simple distance measurement with a steel ruler is needed to realize the verification of the curvature of the curved section. The operation is simple and the requirements for construction personnel are low. It avoids frequent measurement and layout with a total station, thereby improving the excavation efficiency of the curved section of the tunnel. The axis positioning rod 1 is prefabricated according to the axis of the tunnel curve, and accurately guides the construction of the curved section of the tunnel, thereby improving the construction quality of the curved section of the tunnel.

[0037] Specifically, in step S1, the tunnel axis parameters include the tunnel radius and the tunnel slope, wherein the radius parameter needs to be obtained by subtracting or adding the distance from the actual installation position of the axis positioning rod 1 to the tunnel center axis from the radius of the tunnel center axis, so that the shape of the tunnel side wall calibrated by the axis positioning rod 1 is more accurate. In step S3, the slope of the tunnel is verified by measuring the vertical distance from the bottom wall of the current excavation part to the axis positioning rod 1. By measuring the distance from the tunnel side wall to the axis positioning rod 1, it is determined whether the tunnel radius meets the design requirements to guide the current construction and continued construction of the tunnel side wall. By measuring the distance from the tunnel bottom wall to the axis positioning rod 1, it is determined whether the tunnel slope meets the design requirements to guide the current construction and continued construction of the tunnel bottom wall.

[0038] Specifically, the clamping component 2 includes a vertical positioning rod 21, and the vertical positioning rod 21 is provided with a clamping groove 211 for installing the axis positioning rod 1. The clamping groove 211 passes through the top of the vertical positioning rod 21, so that the axis positioning rod 1 can be installed on the vertical positioning rod 211. The top of the vertical positioning rod 211 is detachably provided with a limiting cap 25. The vertical positioning rod 211 can be fixed in the tunnel, and the axis positioning rod 1 can be snapped into the clamping groove 211 of the vertical positioning rod 21, thereby realizing the fixation of the axis positioning rod 1 in the tunnel.

[0039] Specifically, the clamping component 2 also includes a transverse positioning rod 22, the rod body of the transverse positioning rod 22 is connected to the vertical positioning rod 21, and the transverse positioning rod 22 is used to connect to the tunnel side wall. The transverse positioning rod 22 is installed by pre-drilling mounting holes in the tunnel side wall. The transverse positioning rod 22 is fixed to the vertical positioning rod 21, thereby realizing the fixation of the vertical positioning rod 21 in the tunnel.

[0040] Furthermore, each axis positioning rod 1 is connected to at least three of the clamping parts 2, and the three clamping parts 2 support three points of the arc-shaped axis positioning rod 1. The three points can determine the shape of the arc, so that the axis positioning rod 1 is not prone to deflection during use.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the difference from embodiment 1 is that there is a step Sn between step S1 and step S2, that is, the initial excavation of the curved tunnel: in the process of the tunnel entering the curved section from the straight section, the curvature and slope of the tunnel are verified by a total station, and step S2 is performed when the axis positioning rod 1 can be completely installed in the curved section of the tunnel, or when the interference with the surrounding people and objects after the axis positioning rod is installed does not affect the tunnel construction according to the construction site conditions, so as to facilitate the installation of the axis positioning rod 1 at the beginning of the curved section of the tunnel, so that the axis positioning rod 1 matches the tunnel side wall, and avoids the axis positioning rod 1 causing excessive interference to people and objects in the tunnel.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is different from Example 1 in that it also includes step S4, tunnel primary support construction, initial support is applied on the tunnel side wall, and the thickness of the initial support is verified by measuring the distance from the initial support to the axis positioning rod 1. In step S, when the axis positioning rod 1 is installed, an initial support gap is reserved between the axis positioning rod 1 and the tunnel side wall, and the gap is greater than 10 cm. After the construction of the tunnel side wall is completed, concrete is sprayed on the side wall for initial support, which improves the quality and efficiency of the initial support construction of the curved section.

[0045] Example 4

[0046] like Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the difference from Example 1 is that the vertical positioning rod 21 is provided with a vertical card slot 212, the vertical card slot 212 passes through the bottom of the vertical positioning rod 21, the transverse positioning rod 22 passes through the vertical card slot 212 transversely and is connected to the tunnel side wall, and the clamping component 2 also includes a limit member, which is used to limit the relative sliding of the vertical positioning rod 21 and the transverse positioning rod 22.

[0047] In this embodiment, a vertical slot 212 for slidingly connecting to the horizontal positioning rod 22 is provided on the vertical positioning rod 21, so that the horizontal positioning rod 22 can slide horizontally and vertically relative to the vertical positioning rod 21. First, the vertical positioning rod 21 can move along the horizontal positioning rod 22, and the distance between the vertical positioning rod 21 and the side wall is adjusted, so that the position of the vertical positioning rod 21 matches the axis positioning rod 1, thereby facilitating the vertical positioning rod 21 to clamp the axis positioning rod 1. Second, before the clamping component 2 is installed, it is necessary to prefabricate the mounting hole for mounting the horizontal positioning rod 22 on the side wall. There may be errors in the horizontal and vertical directions when drilling the mounting hole. In the case of errors in the installation of the horizontal positioning rod 22, the vertical positioning rod 21 with the vertical slot 212 can be connected to the horizontal positioning rod 22, and then the relative sliding of the horizontal positioning rod 22 and the vertical positioning rod 21 is limited by the limit member, so as to achieve the fixation of the vertical positioning rod 21, thereby ensuring the stable position of the axis positioning rod 1 during construction.

[0048] Specifically, the limiting member includes a sleeve 23, which is sleeved on the vertical positioning rod 21. The side wall of the sleeve 23 is provided with a side hole 231 adapted to the vertical positioning rod 21, and the side wall of the sleeve 23 is provided with a fastening bolt 232. The fastening bolt 232 is used to limit the relative sliding of the sleeve 23 and the vertical positioning rod 21. When in use, the sleeve 23 is sleeved on the vertical positioning rod 21, and then the vertical positioning rod 21 is inserted into the side hole 231 on the side wall of the sleeve 23 and continues to extend downward. After the positions of the vertical positioning rod 21 and the horizontal positioning rod 22 are determined, the fastening bolt 232 on the side wall of the sleeve 23 is tightened so that the fastening bolt 232 is pressed against the outer wall of the vertical positioning rod 21, thereby realizing the relative fixation of the sleeve 23 and the vertical positioning rod 21.

[0049] Specifically, the limit member also includes a locking nut 24, and a plurality of clips 233 are provided on the inner wall of one end of the sleeve 23. The plurality of clips 233 are enclosed to form a cone shape, and the small end of the cone is arranged toward the outside of the sleeve 23, and a gap is provided between adjacent clips 233. The locking nut 24 is threadedly connected to the inner wall of one end of the sleeve 23 where the clips 233 are provided, and the locking nut 24 is sleeved on the transverse positioning rod 22. The locking nut 24 is used to press the clips 233 onto the transverse positioning rod 22. After the positions of the transverse positioning rod 22 and the vertical positioning rod 21 are determined, the locking nut 24 is tightened toward one side of the sleeve, and the locking nut 24 is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the sleeve 23. During the tightening process of the locking nut 24, the locking nut 24 presses the clips 233 onto the side wall of the transverse positioning rod 22, thereby realizing the relative fixation of the sleeve 23 and the transverse positioning rod 22.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a curved section of a dark-excavated tunnel, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, prefabricated positioning rod: prefabricated axis positioning rod (1) according to the tunnel axis parameters; S2, installation of the positioning rod: the axis positioning rod (1) is installed to the tunnel side wall through a plurality of clamping components (2), the clamping component (2) includes a vertical positioning rod (21), the vertical positioning rod (21) is provided with a clamping groove (211) for installing the axis positioning rod, the axis positioning rod (1) is arranged parallel to the tunnel axis, the clamping component (2) also includes a transverse positioning rod (22), the rod body of the transverse positioning rod (22) is connected to the vertical positioning rod (21), the transverse positioning rod (22) is used to connect to the tunnel side wall, the vertical positioning rod (21) is provided with a vertical clamping groove (212), the vertical clamping groove (212) passes through the bottom of the vertical positioning rod (21), the transverse positioning rod (22) passes through the vertical clamping groove (212) horizontally and is connected to the tunnel side wall, the clamping component (2) also includes a limiting member, the limiting member is used to limit the relative sliding of the vertical positioning rod (21) and the transverse positioning rod (22); S3, Curved tunnel excavation: During the tunnel excavation process, the curvature of the tunnel is verified by measuring the distance between the tunnel side wall and the axis positioning rod (1).

2. The method for constructing a curved section of a dark-excavated tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the tunnel axis parameters include the tunnel radius and the tunnel slope. In step S3, the tunnel slope is verified by measuring the vertical distance from the bottom wall of the current excavation part to the axis positioning rod (1).

3. The method for constructing a curved section of a dark-excavated tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a step Sn between step S1 and step S2, which is the excavation of the initial section of the curved tunnel: when the tunnel enters the curved section from the straight section, the curvature and slope of the tunnel are checked by a total station.

4. The method for constructing a curved section of a dark-excavated tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process also includes step S4, construction of tunnel primary support, constructing primary support on the tunnel side wall, and checking the thickness of the primary support by measuring the distance between the primary support and the axis positioning rod (1).

5. The method for constructing a curved section of a dark-excavated tunnel according to claim 1, wherein: The limiting member comprises a sleeve (23), the sleeve (23) being sleeved on the vertical positioning rod (21), the side wall of the sleeve (23) being provided with a side hole (231) adapted to the vertical positioning rod (21), the side wall of the sleeve (23) being provided with a fastening bolt (232), the fastening bolt (232) being used to limit the relative sliding of the sleeve (23) and the vertical positioning rod (21).

6. The method for constructing a curved section of a dark-excavated tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The limiting member further includes a locking nut (24), and a plurality of clips (233) are provided on the inner wall of one end of the sleeve (23), wherein the plurality of clips (233) are enclosed to form a cone shape, and the small end of the cone is arranged toward the outside of the sleeve (23), and a gap is provided between adjacent clips (233). The locking nut (24) is threadedly connected to the inner wall of one end of the sleeve (23) where the clips (233) are provided, and the locking nut (24) is sleeved on the transverse positioning rod (22), and the locking nut (24) is used to press the clips (233) onto the transverse positioning rod (22).

7. The method for constructing a curved section of a dark-excavated tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The number of the clamping parts (2) is at least three.

Images