Cavitation water jet assisted self-cleaning hob

Abstract

The application provides a self-cleaning hob of a disc cutter assisted by a cavitation water jet, which comprises a hob side plate, a disc cutter and a cleaning component; the disc cutter is arranged between the two hob side plates through a cutter shaft, the two ends of the cutter shaft are detachably arranged on the two hob side plates, and the disc cutter can rotate around the cutter shaft; the cleaning component is rotatably arranged on the side of the cutting edge of the disc cutter and can clean the cutting edge of the disc cutter; the disc cutter is provided with a transmission assembly, the transmission assembly is in transmission connection with the cleaning component; the transmission assembly can rotate together with the disc cutter, so as to drive the cleaning component to rotate; the scheme provided by the application can fundamentally improve the tunneling efficiency, solve the problem of mud accumulation of the cutter head of the tunneling machine, reduce the eccentric wear of the cutter ring, prolong the service life of the cutter, shorten the construction period and reduce the engineering cost, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the construction burden and make up for the deficiency of the existing mud accumulation response measures of the cutter head.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cleaning technology for tunneling machine cutterhead holders, specifically relating to a self-cleaning cutterhead holder assisted by cavitation water jet. Background Technology

[0002] When tunneling through mudstone, sandstone, and other strata with high clay mineral content, the cut rock debris easily turns into mud when it comes into contact with water. If it cannot be discharged in time, it will be repeatedly ground into small particles by the cutter head in the sealed chamber. Under pressure, heat, and humidity, these fine particles will recombine into semi-solid or solidified lumps and adhere to the cutter head surface, resulting in cutter head mud formation. Mud formation not only increases the thrust of the tunneling machine, reduces rock-breaking efficiency, and increases tunneling energy consumption, but also causes uneven wear of the cutter head, leading to more frequent cutter head replacements and significantly increasing construction costs. Currently, the main method for dealing with cutter head mud formation is manual cleaning, which has limitations. During construction, it is necessary to regularly and proactively open the chamber for inspection and clean the cutter head box area where the debris has accumulated, which seriously affects the construction progress and makes it difficult to guarantee the personal safety of workers.

[0003] There are currently no solutions to the technical problems related to sludge buildup on the cutterhead; therefore, there is an urgent need to find effective solutions to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the above-mentioned technologies by proposing a cavitation water jet-assisted self-cleaning cutter holder, which aims to solve the problem of cleaning sludge buildup on existing cutters.

[0005] This invention provides a cavitation water jet-assisted self-cleaning hob cutter holder, comprising cutter holder side plates, a disc-shaped hob, and a cleaning component; the disc-shaped hob is disposed between two cutter holder side plates via a cutter shaft, with both ends of the cutter shaft detachably disposed on the two cutter holder side plates, and the disc-shaped hob is rotatable around the cutter shaft; the cleaning component is rotatably disposed on one side of the cutting edge of the disc-shaped hob and is capable of cleaning the cutting edge of the disc-shaped hob; the disc-shaped hob is provided with a transmission component, which is connected to the cleaning component; the transmission component can rotate with the disc-shaped hob, thereby driving the cleaning component to rotate.

[0006] Furthermore, the cleaning component includes a cleaning blade and a cleaning gear; the cleaning blade is disposed on the gear shaft of the cleaning gear and can rotate together with the gear shaft; the transmission component includes a main drive gear and a transmission gear; the main drive gear is disposed on the disc cutter and can rotate together with the disc cutter; the cleaning gear is rotatably disposed on one side of the cutting edge of the disc cutter, and the cleaning gear meshes with the main drive gear, thereby driving the cleaning blade to clean the cutting edge of the disc cutter.

[0007] Furthermore, the main drive gear is coaxially arranged with the disc hob; the cleaning gear includes a first cleaning gear and a second cleaning gear, and the transmission gear includes a first transmission gear, a second transmission gear, and a third transmission gear; the first cleaning gear is located on the left side of the annular cutting edge of the disc hob, and the second cleaning gear is located on the right side of the annular cutting edge of the disc hob; the third transmission gear is located between the main drive gear and the second cleaning gear, and meshes with the main drive gear and the second cleaning gear respectively; the first transmission gear is located between the first cleaning gear and the second transmission gear, and meshes with the first cleaning gear and the second transmission gear respectively; the second transmission gear also meshes with the main drive gear; the first cleaning gear rotates clockwise, and the second cleaning gear rotates counterclockwise.

[0008] Furthermore, the hob holder also includes a cavitation water jet auxiliary cleaning component; the cavitation water jet auxiliary cleaning component is disposed between the two side plates of the holder and located on one side of the disc hob; the cavitation water jet auxiliary cleaning component can spray cleaning liquid onto the contact position between the cleaning component and the cutting edge, thereby cleaning the cutting edge and the cleaning component.

[0009] Furthermore, the cavitation water jet auxiliary cleaning component includes a first water supply pipe, a booster pump device, and a cavitation water jet nozzle; the booster pump device is fixedly mounted on the side plate of the blade holder; the first water supply pipe is mounted on the booster pump device and connected to the water inlet of the booster pump device; the cavitation water jet nozzle is connected to the water outlet of the booster pump device; the booster pump device can generate a high-pressure water flow and spray it through the cavitation water jet nozzle towards the contact position between the cleaning component and the blade.

[0010] Furthermore, the booster pump device includes an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a water shortage protection valve, a booster pump, a check valve, and a pressure switch; one end of the inlet pipe is connected to the inlet of the booster pump through a pipe connection port, and the inlet is located at the other end of the inlet pipe, with the water shortage protection valve installed on the inlet pipe; one end of the outlet pipe is connected to the outlet of the booster pump, and the outlet is located at the other end of the outlet pipe, with the check valve and pressure switch respectively installed on the outlet pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, the cavitation water jet nozzle includes an air inlet pipe, a second water supply pipe, a resonant cavity, a protective sleeve, a cavitator, and a high-pressure conical nozzle. The protective sleeve is fitted onto the second water supply pipe, with one inlet end connected to the outlet and one outlet end connected to the cavitator, which is also connected to the high-pressure conical nozzle. The air inlet pipe is connected to the second water supply pipe and can supply gas into it. The resonant cavity is connected to the second water supply pipe, causing the liquid flowing through it to self-excite and oscillate, resulting in a local pressure increase that forms a high-pressure water jet, which in turn forms cavitation bubbles. The cavitator is located between the resonant cavity and the high-pressure conical nozzle, further increasing the pressure of the high-pressure water jet flowing through it and forming cavitation bubbles.

[0012] Furthermore, the hob holder also includes a hob changing assembly, which is disposed between the two side plates of the holder; the hob changing assembly can extend and retract to clamp or release the cutter shaft.

[0013] Furthermore, the hobbing tool changing assembly includes a hydraulic propulsion component, a U-shaped fixing block, a trapezoidal fixing block, and a tool holder front plate; the tool holder front plate is disposed between two tool holder side plates and located at the lower end of the tool shaft; the U-shaped fixing block and the trapezoidal fixing block are movably disposed on the tool holder front plate and are respectively connected to the hydraulic propulsion component; the hydraulic propulsion component can drive the U-shaped fixing block and the trapezoidal fixing block to move relative to each other, thereby clamping the tool shaft; the hydraulic propulsion component can also drive the U-shaped fixing block and the trapezoidal fixing block to separate relative to each other, thereby releasing the tool shaft.

[0014] Furthermore, a cutter shaft groove is provided vertically on the opposite sides between the two tool holder side plates, and the lower end of the cutter shaft groove is bent to form a limiting groove; both ends of the cutter shaft can slide through the cutter shaft groove into the limiting groove and be engaged in the limiting groove; both ends of the cutter shaft can also slide out of the limiting groove through the cutter shaft groove; cylinder cover plates are provided on the left and right sides of the tool holder side plates respectively, and the hydraulic propulsion component includes a first hydraulic propulsion component and a second hydraulic propulsion component; one end of the first hydraulic propulsion component is connected to the left cylinder cover plate, and the other end of the first hydraulic propulsion component is connected to the U-shaped fixing block, thereby driving the U-shaped fixing block to extend and retract; one end of the second hydraulic propulsion component is connected to the right cylinder cover plate, and the other end of the second hydraulic propulsion component is connected to the trapezoidal fixing block, thereby driving the trapezoidal fixing block to extend and retract.

[0015] This invention provides a cavitation water jet-assisted self-cleaning cutterhead holder, which can fundamentally save energy, solve the problem of mud buildup on the cutterhead of tunneling machines, reduce uneven wear of the cutter ring, extend cutter life, shorten the construction cycle, and thus reduce project costs, thereby reducing the construction burden. It can make up for the deficiencies of existing measures to deal with cutterhead mud buildup and overcome the limitation that existing tunneling machines can only clean the cutterhead mud buildup by opening the chamber. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a front view of a self-cleaning hob cutter holder assisted by cavitation water jet according to the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the booster pump device of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the cavitation water jet nozzle structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a front view of the gear transmission self-cleaning system of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the gear transmission self-cleaning system of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a side view of the gear transmission self-cleaning system of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a top view of the gear transmission self-cleaning system of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the blade structure of the present invention installed on the gear shaft.

[0026] In the diagram: 1-First water supply pipe; 2-Booster pump device; 201-Inlet; 202-Water shortage protection valve; 203-Pipe connection port; 204-Booster pump; 205-Base; 206-Check valve; 207-Pressure switch; 208-Outlet; 3-Cavitation water jet nozzle; 4-Cavitation water jet nozzle; 501-Air inlet pipe; 502-Second water supply pipe; 503-Resonant cavity; 504-Protective soft sleeve; 505-Cavitation device; 506-High pressure 6-Conical nozzle; 7-Side plate of cutter holder; 8-Disc-shaped hob; 9-Hydraulic propulsion component; 10-Cylinder cover plate; 11-Cleaning blade; 12-Soft bristles; 13-Pore; 14-First cleaning gear; 15-Main drive gear; 16-Cutter shaft; 17-U-shaped fixing block; 18-Trapezoidal fixing block; 1901-Front plate of cutter holder; 1902-Gear shaft; 1903-Second cleaning gear; 1904-First transmission gear; 1905-Second transmission gear; 1906-Third transmission gear. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0029] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. "Several" means one or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, this invention provides a cavitation water jet-assisted self-cleaning cutterhead holder, specifically a cutterhead holder for a tunneling machine. Specifically, the cutterhead holder includes a cutterhead side plate 6, a disc-shaped cutter 7, and a cleaning component. The disc-shaped cutter 7 is disposed between two cutterhead side plates 6 via a cutter shaft 13, with both ends of the cutter shaft 13 detachably mounted on the two side plates 6, and the disc-shaped cutter 7 can rotate around the cutter shaft 13. Specifically, the cleaning component is rotatably mounted on one side of the cutting edge of the disc-shaped cutter 7 and can clean the cutting edge of the disc-shaped cutter 7. Further, the disc-shaped cutter 7 is provided with a transmission assembly, which is connected to the cleaning component. Further, the transmission assembly can rotate with the disc-shaped cutter 7, thereby driving the cleaning component to rotate and thus cleaning the cutting edge.

[0033] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 8As shown, the cleaning component includes a cleaning blade 10 and a cleaning gear; wherein, the cleaning blade 10 is disposed on the gear shaft 17 of the cleaning gear and can rotate together with the gear shaft 17, and the two ends of the gear shaft 17 are respectively rotatably disposed between two blade holder side plates 6; further, the cleaning gear is coaxially disposed with the gear shaft 17 and can drive the gear shaft 17 to rotate; further, the transmission component includes a main drive gear 12 and a transmission gear; the main drive gear 12 is disposed on the disc cutter 7 and can rotate together with the disc cutter 7; the cleaning gear can be rotatably disposed on one side of the blade of the disc cutter 7, and the cleaning gear and the main drive gear 12 mesh with each other, thereby driving the cleaning blade 10 to clean the blade of the disc cutter 7.

[0034] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the main drive gear 12 is coaxially arranged with the disc hob 7; the cleaning gear includes a first cleaning gear 11 and a second cleaning gear 18, and the transmission gear includes a first transmission gear 1901, a second transmission gear 1902, and a third transmission gear 1903; the first cleaning gear 11 is located on the left side of the annular cutting edge of the disc hob 7, and the second cleaning gear 18 is located on the right side of the annular cutting edge of the disc hob 7; the third transmission gear 1903 is located between the main drive gear 12 and the second cleaning gear 18, and meshes with the main drive gear 12 and the second cleaning gear 18 respectively. The first transmission gear 1901 is positioned between the first cleaning gear 11 and the second transmission gear 1902, and meshes with both the first cleaning gear 11 and the second transmission gear 1902 respectively. The second transmission gear 1902 also meshes with the main drive gear 12. The first cleaning gear 11 rotates clockwise, and the second cleaning gear 18 rotates counterclockwise. This rotation direction design ensures that the mud and sludge cleaned by the first cleaning gear 11 and the second cleaning gear 18 will converge at the bottom of the disc cutter 7, achieving efficient mud and sludge discharge.

[0035] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the main drive gear 12 and the third transmission gear 1903 have the same dimensional parameters, as do the cleaning gear and the transmission gear; specifically, the pitch circle diameter of the main drive gear 12 is twice that of the cleaning gear; all gears have the same module and pitch circle pressure angle to ensure gear meshing; as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, when the disc hob 7 rotates counterclockwise, it will drive the main drive gear 12 to rotate synchronously; the main drive gear 12 will drive the second transmission gear 1902 on the left to rotate clockwise, and at the same time drive the third transmission gear 1903 on the right to rotate clockwise; after experiencing the following Figure 5After the gear transmission process shown, the first cleaning gear 11 will eventually drive the blade 10 mounted on the gear shaft 17 to rotate clockwise; while the second cleaning gear 18 will drive the blade 10 mounted on the gear shaft 17 to rotate counterclockwise; furthermore, as Figure 8 As shown, the blade 10 is shaped to fit the contour of the hob surface. The blade 10 has uniformly distributed pores 102, and the pores 102 have uniformly distributed polymer material bristles 101. Specifically, the blade 10 has a sheet-like structure with a notch on one side, and pores 102 are formed circumferentially around the notch. The pores 102 have uniformly distributed polymer material bristles 101. This allows the polymer material bristles 101 to be fully utilized for cleaning when the blade 10 is mounted on the gear shaft 17. Furthermore, when the first cleaning gear 11 drives the blade 10 to rotate clockwise, the second cleaning... When the cleaning gear 18 drives the blades 10 to rotate counterclockwise, the polymer material bristles 101 on the blades 10 continuously clean the roller cutter. Since the pitch circle diameter of the main drive gear 12 is twice that of the cleaning gear, when the main drive gear 12 rotates once, the first cleaning gear 11 and the second cleaning gear 18 will both rotate twice, achieving a high-speed cleaning effect on the surface of the roller cutter. At the same time, since the first cleaning gear 11 rotates clockwise and the second cleaning gear 18 rotates counterclockwise, the mud and sludge cleaned by the blades 10 on the disc-shaped roller cutter 7 will gather at the center, that is, below the disc-shaped roller cutter 7, achieving an efficient mud and sludge discharge effect.

[0036] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the present invention provides a cavitation water jet-assisted self-cleaning hob cutter holder, which also includes a cavitation water jet-assisted cleaning component; the cavitation water jet-assisted cleaning component is disposed between two cutter holder side plates 6 and located on one side of the disc-shaped hob 7; the cavitation water jet-assisted cleaning component can spray cleaning liquid onto the contact position between the cleaning component and the cutting edge, thereby cleaning the cutting edge and the cleaning component.

[0037] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the cavitation water jet auxiliary cleaning component includes a first water supply pipe 1, a booster pump device 2, and a cavitation water jet nozzle 5; the booster pump device 2 is fixedly mounted on the side plate 6 of the blade holder; the first water supply pipe 1 is mounted on the booster pump device 2 and is connected to the inlet 201 of the booster pump device 2; the cavitation water jet nozzle 5 is connected to the outlet 208 of the booster pump device 2; furthermore, the booster pump device 2 has multiple parallel outlets 208, which can simultaneously supply high-pressure water jets to multiple blade holders; specifically, the booster pump device 2 can generate a high-pressure water flow and spray it through the cavitation water jet nozzle 5 towards the contact position between the cleaning component and the blade.

[0038] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 8As shown, the booster pump device 2 includes an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a water shortage protection valve 202, a booster pump 204, a check valve 206, and a pressure switch 207. Specifically, one end of the inlet pipe is connected to the inlet of the booster pump 204 through a pipe connection port 203, and the inlet port 201 is located at the other end of the inlet pipe. The water shortage protection valve 202 is located on the inlet pipe. One end of the outlet pipe is connected to the outlet of the booster pump 204, and the outlet port 208 is located at the other end of the outlet pipe. The check valve 206 and the pressure switch 207 are respectively located on the outlet pipe.

[0039] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 8As shown, the cavitation water jet nozzle 5 includes an air inlet pipe 501, a second water supply pipe 502, a resonant cavity 503, a protective sleeve 504, a cavitation device 505, and a high-pressure conical nozzle 506. The protective sleeve 504 is fitted onto the second water supply pipe 502. One inlet end of the second water supply pipe 502 is connected to the outlet 208, and one outlet end is connected to the cavitation device 505. The cavitation device 505 is also connected to the high-pressure conical nozzle 506. Furthermore, the air inlet pipe 501 is connected to the second water supply pipe 502 and can supply gas into the second water supply pipe 502. Furthermore, the resonant cavity 503... The second water supply pipe 502 is connected to the resonant cavity 503, causing the liquid flowing through the resonant cavity 503 to self-excite and oscillate, resulting in a local pressure increase that forms a high-pressure water jet, which in turn forms cavitation bubbles. Furthermore, the cavitation device 505 is located between the resonant cavity 503 and the high-pressure conical nozzle 506, further increasing the pressure of the high-pressure water jet flowing through the cavitation device 505 and forming cavitation bubbles. Additionally, the first water supply pipe 1 is connected to the inlet of the booster pump device 2 via a flexible hose, and the second water supply pipe 502 is connected to the outlet 208 of the booster pump device 2 via a flexible hose. Using the above scheme, the water first enters the booster pump device 2 through the first water supply pipe 1. The water jet, after being pressurized by the booster pump 204, is output through the outlet 208 and then through a hose to the second water supply pipe 502 of the cavitation water jet nozzle 5. The high-pressure water jet, pressurized by the water flow booster system, mixes with the air introduced through the air inlet 501 and first passes through the resonant cavity 503. Furthermore, the resonant cavity 503 adopts a dovetail-shaped structure design, causing the liquid flowing through the cavity to self-excite and oscillate, increasing the local pressure, and initially forming a small number of cavitation bubbles in the high-pressure water jet. Then, the high-pressure water jet passes through the cavitator 505, where the pressure further increases, forming a large number of cavitation bubbles. Further, the cavitator 505 is used for cavitation bubble nucleation. Specifically, 505 can be a perforated plate cavitator, which is a cavitator plate with multiple layers of through holes arranged vertically inside a cylindrical cavitator tube. Other cavitators can also be used to increase the cavitation bubble nuclei. The internal flow channel of cavitator 505 is also enlarged to generate oscillating cavitation, which increases the cavitation effect and further increases the number of cavitation bubbles. Finally, the high-pressure water jet flows out through the high-pressure conical nozzle 506. The high-pressure conical nozzle 506 adopts a conical expansion design. The high-pressure water jet generates adhesion cavitation on the inner wall of the expansion section, which helps the cavitation bubbles grow and further enhances the cavitation effect, cleaning the residual mud on the disc cutter 7 and blades 10.

[0040] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the present invention provides a self-cleaning cutter holder assisted by cavitation water jet, which also includes a cutter replacement assembly. The cutter replacement assembly is disposed between two cutter holder side plates 6. The cutter replacement assembly can extend and retract to clamp or release the cutter shaft 13.

[0041] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the hobbing cutter replacement assembly includes a hydraulic propulsion component 8, a U-shaped fixing block 14, a trapezoidal fixing block 15, and a tool holder front plate 16. Specifically, the tool holder front plate 16 is disposed between two tool holder side plates 6 and located at the lower end of the cutter shaft 13. Further, the U-shaped fixing block 14 and the trapezoidal fixing block 15 are movably disposed on the tool holder front plate 16 and are respectively connected to the hydraulic propulsion component 8. Specifically, the two hydraulic propulsion components 8 can respectively drive the U-shaped fixing block 14 and the trapezoidal fixing block 15 to move relative to each other, thereby clamping the cutter shaft 13, thus fixing the cutter shaft 13. Further, the two hydraulic propulsion components 8 can also respectively drive the U-shaped fixing block 14 and the trapezoidal fixing block 15 to separate relative to each other, thereby releasing the cutter shaft 13 and further disassembling the cutter shaft 13.

[0042] Preferably, in combination with the above schemes, such as Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a cutter shaft groove 4 is provided vertically on the opposite sides of the two cutter holder side plates 6, and a limiting groove is formed by bending at the lower end of the cutter shaft groove 4. The bending design to form the limiting groove is for directional clamping and limiting of the cutter shaft 13. Specifically, both ends of the cutter shaft 13 can slide into the limiting groove through the cutter shaft groove 4 and be engaged in the limiting groove. Furthermore, both ends of the cutter shaft 13 can also slide out of the limiting groove through the cutter shaft groove 4. Furthermore, the cutter shaft groove 4 has a certain width, which is greater than the maximum width of the cutter shaft 13. The cutter shaft grooves 13 on both sides have a certain depth, and the width between the cutter shaft grooves 13 on both sides is greater than the overall outward extension length of the cutter shaft 13, which can accommodate the cutter shaft to slide in it. When it is necessary to remove the hob, the hydraulic propulsion cylinder 8 can be retracted, and the cutter shaft 13 can be removed along the cutter shaft groove 4 by using a robotic arm. Furthermore, cylinder cover plates 9 are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the tool holder side plate 6, and the cylinder cover plates 9 are fixedly connected to the tool holder side plate 6. When it is necessary to install the hob, the U-shaped fixing blocks 14 and trapezoidal fixing blocks 15 on the left and right sides of the cutter shaft 13 are simultaneously squeezed and locked by the hydraulic propulsion cylinder 8, thus fixing the disc hob 7. Furthermore, the hydraulic propulsion component 8 includes a first hydraulic propulsion component and a second hydraulic propulsion component. One end of the first hydraulic propulsion component is connected to the left cylinder cover plate 9, and the other end of the first hydraulic propulsion component is connected to the U-shaped fixing block 14, thereby enabling the U-shaped fixing block 14 to move telescopically. One end of the second hydraulic propulsion component is connected to the right cylinder cover plate 9, and the other end of the second hydraulic propulsion component is connected to the trapezoidal fixing block 15, thereby enabling the trapezoidal fixing block 15 to move telescopically, realizing quick installation and disassembly.

[0043] The solution provided by this invention addresses the problem of cutterhead mud cake formation encountered by full-face tunneling machines when tunneling through mudstone strata. It targets the direct cause of the mud cake formation due to the strong adhesion between clay and the cutterhead surface, which makes separation difficult. The invention designs a cavitation water jet-assisted self-cleaning cutterhead holder to overcome the shortcomings of existing cutterhead mud cake solutions and overcomes the limitation of current methods that only allow for periodic inspections of the cutterhead. Simultaneously, a method for rapid cutterhead replacement is designed to automate the process, eliminating the need for workers to approach the front of the cutterhead and reducing the risk associated with cutterhead replacement.

[0044] This invention provides a cavitation water jet-assisted self-cleaning hob cutter holder, which uses a hydraulic propulsion cylinder to fix the cutter shaft, allowing for quick replacement of the disc cutter. The hob's rotation during rock breaking drives a gear, which in turn drives the blades, causing the brushes on the blades to repeatedly clean the cutter's cutting edge. Simultaneously, cavitation water jet technology is used to perform a secondary cleaning of the cutting edge and blade brushes with high-pressure water jets, thoroughly removing clay adhering to the hob surface and preventing the formation of mud cake.

[0045] This invention provides a self-cleaning roller cutter holder assisted by cavitation water jet. While ensuring the efficiency of roller cutter replacement, it uses the rotation of the disc-shaped roller cutter to drive gear transmission to clean the roller cutter. At the same time, it introduces cavitation water jet technology to assist in cleaning and improve cleaning efficiency.

[0046] This invention provides a cavitation water jet-assisted self-cleaning cutterhead holder, which can fundamentally save energy, solve the problem of mud buildup on the cutterhead of tunneling machines, reduce uneven wear of the cutter ring, extend cutter life, shorten the construction cycle, and thus reduce project costs, thereby reducing the construction burden. It can make up for the deficiencies of existing measures to deal with cutterhead mud buildup and overcome the limitation that existing tunneling machines can only clean the cutterhead mud buildup by opening the chamber.

[0047] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention, or modify it into equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technology of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-cleaning hobbing cutter holder assisted by cavitation water jet, characterized in that, The hobbing cutter holder includes a cutter holder side plate (6), a disc hobbing cutter (7), and a cleaning component; the disc hobbing cutter (7) is disposed between the two cutter holder side plates (6) via a cutter shaft (13), the two ends of the cutter shaft (13) are detachably disposed on the two cutter holder side plates (6), and the disc hobbing cutter (7) can rotate around the cutter shaft (13); the cleaning component is rotatably disposed on one side of the cutting edge of the disc hobbing cutter (7) and can clean the cutting edge of the disc hobbing cutter (7); the disc hobbing cutter (7) is provided with a transmission component, which is connected to the cleaning component; the transmission component can rotate with the disc hobbing cutter (7), thereby driving the cleaning component to rotate; the cleaning component includes The system includes a cleaning blade (10) and a cleaning gear; the cleaning blade (10) is mounted on the gear shaft (17) of the cleaning gear and can rotate with the gear shaft (17); the transmission assembly includes a main drive gear (12) and a transmission gear; the main drive gear (12) is mounted on the disc cutter (7) and can rotate with the disc cutter (7); the cleaning gear is rotatably mounted on one side of the cutting edge of the disc cutter (7), and the cleaning gear meshes with the main drive gear (12), thereby driving the cleaning blade (10) to clean the cutting edge of the disc cutter (7); the main drive gear (12) is coaxially mounted with the disc cutter (7); the cleaning gear includes... The transmission gear includes a first cleaning gear (11) and a second cleaning gear (18), and includes a first transmission gear (1901), a second transmission gear (1902), and a third transmission gear (1903). The first cleaning gear (11) is located on the left side of the annular cutting edge of the disc hob (7), and the second cleaning gear (18) is located on the right side of the annular cutting edge of the disc hob (7). The third transmission gear (1903) is located between the main drive gear (12) and the second cleaning gear (18), and meshes with the main drive gear (12) and the second cleaning gear (18) respectively. The first transmission gear (1901) is located between the first cleaning gear (11) and the second transmission gear. The first cleaning gear (11) and the second transmission gear (1902) mesh with each other respectively; the second transmission gear (1902) also meshes with the main drive gear (12); the first cleaning gear (11) rotates clockwise and the second cleaning gear (18) rotates counterclockwise; the hob cutter holder also includes a cavitation water jet auxiliary cleaning component; the cavitation water jet auxiliary cleaning component is disposed between the two cutter holder side plates (6) and located on one side of the disc cutter (7); the cavitation water jet auxiliary cleaning component can spray cleaning liquid at the contact position between the cleaning component and the blade, thereby cleaning the blade and the cleaning component;The cavitation water jet auxiliary cleaning component includes a first water supply pipe (1), a booster pump device (2), and a cavitation water jet nozzle (5); the booster pump device (2) is fixedly mounted on the blade holder side plate (6); the first water supply pipe (1) is mounted on the booster pump device (2) and connected to the inlet (201) of the booster pump device (2); the cavitation water jet nozzle (5) is connected to the outlet (208) of the booster pump device (2); the booster pump device (2) can generate a high-pressure water flow and spray it through the cavitation water jet nozzle (5) towards the contact position between the cleaning component and the blade; the cavitation water jet nozzle (5) includes an air inlet pipe (501), a second water supply pipe (502), a resonant cavity (503), a protective sleeve (504), a cavitator (505), and a high-pressure conical nozzle (506); the protective sleeve (504) is fitted onto the second water supply pipe. On the water pipe (502), one inlet end of the second water supply pipe (502) is connected to the outlet (208), and one outlet end of the second water supply pipe (502) is connected to the cavitation device (505). The cavitation device (505) is also connected to the high-pressure conical nozzle (506). The air inlet pipe (501) is connected to the second water supply pipe (502) and can deliver gas into the second water supply pipe (502). The resonant cavity (503) is connected to the second water supply pipe (502), so that the liquid flowing through the resonant cavity (503) self-excites and oscillates, the local pressure increases to form a high-pressure water jet, and the high-pressure water jet forms cavitation bubbles. The cavitation device (505) is located between the resonant cavity (503) and the high-pressure conical nozzle (506). The pressure of the high-pressure water jet flowing through the cavitation device (505) is further increased to form cavitation bubbles. The pitch circle diameter of the main drive gear (12) is twice that of the cleaning gear; when the disc cutter (7) rotates counterclockwise, it drives the main drive gear (12) to rotate synchronously; the main drive gear (12) drives the second transmission gear (1902) on the left to rotate clockwise, and at the same time drives the third transmission gear (1903) on the right to rotate clockwise; the first cleaning gear (11) drives the cleaning blade (10) mounted on the gear shaft (17) to rotate clockwise; the second cleaning gear (18) drives the cleaning blade (10) mounted on the gear shaft (17) to rotate counterclockwise; The cleaning blade (10) is covered with uniformly dense pores (102), and the pores (102) are covered with uniformly dense polymer material hairs (101); the cleaning blade (10) is in the shape of a sheet structure, and a notch is formed on one side, and pores (102) are formed in the circumferential direction of the notch, and the pores (102) are covered with uniformly dense polymer material hairs (101). The booster pump device (2) includes an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a water shortage protection valve (202), a booster pump (204), a check valve (206), and a pressure switch (207). One end of the inlet pipe is connected to the inlet of the booster pump (204) through a pipe connection port (203), and the inlet (201) is located at the other end of the inlet pipe. The water shortage protection valve (202) is located on the inlet pipe. One end of the outlet pipe is connected to the outlet of the booster pump (204), and the outlet (208) is located at the other end of the outlet pipe. The check valve (206) and the pressure switch (207) are respectively located on the outlet pipe.

2. The cavitation water jet-assisted self-cleaning hobbing cutter holder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hobbing cutter holder also includes a hobbing cutter replacement assembly, which is disposed between the two side plates (6) of the cutter holder; the hobbing cutter replacement assembly is telescopically movable, thereby clamping or releasing the cutter shaft (13).

3. The cavitation water jet-assisted self-cleaning hobbing cutter holder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hobbing cutter replacement assembly includes a hydraulic propulsion component (8), a U-shaped fixing block (14), a trapezoidal fixing block (15), and a tool holder front plate (16). The tool holder front plate (16) is disposed between the two tool holder side plates (6) and located at the lower end of the cutter shaft (13). The U-shaped fixing block (14) and the trapezoidal fixing block (15) are movably disposed on the tool holder front plate (16) and are respectively connected to the hydraulic propulsion component (8). The hydraulic propulsion component (8) can drive the U-shaped fixing block (14) and the trapezoidal fixing block (15) to move relative to each other, thereby clamping the cutter shaft (13). The hydraulic propulsion component (8) can also drive the U-shaped fixing block (14) and the trapezoidal fixing block (15) to separate relative to each other, thereby releasing the cutter shaft (13).

4. The cavitation water jet-assisted self-cleaning hobbing cutter holder according to claim 3, characterized in that, The two tool holder side plates (6) are provided with vertically oriented tool shaft grooves (4) on their opposite sides. The lower end of the tool shaft grooves (4) is bent to form a limiting groove. Both ends of the tool shaft (13) can slide through the tool shaft grooves (4) into the limiting grooves and be engaged in the limiting grooves. Both ends of the tool shaft (13) can also slide out of the limiting grooves through the tool shaft grooves (4). The left and right sides of the tool holder side plates (6) are respectively provided with cylinder cover plates (9). The hydraulic propulsion component (8) includes a first A hydraulic propulsion component and a second hydraulic propulsion component; one end of the first hydraulic propulsion component is connected to the cylinder cover plate (9) on the left side, and the other end of the first hydraulic propulsion component is connected to the U-shaped fixing block (14), thereby enabling the U-shaped fixing block (14) to extend and retract; one end of the second hydraulic propulsion component is connected to the cylinder cover plate (9) on the right side, and the other end of the second hydraulic propulsion component is connected to the trapezoidal fixing block (15), thereby enabling the trapezoidal fixing block (15) to extend and retract.

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