An energy storage and efficient power generation system coupling solar energy and nuclear energy

Abstract

The present invention discloses an energy storage and efficient power generation system coupling solar energy and nuclear energy, comprising a nuclear reactor subsystem, a molten salt energy storage subsystem, a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem and a solar thermal subsystem; the solar thermal subsystem and the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem are connected to the molten salt energy storage subsystem, and the molten salt energy storage subsystem and the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem are connected to the nuclear reactor subsystem. The molten salt energy storage subsystem is utilized to assist the nuclear reactor to achieve the energy storage function in addition to power generation, and assist the solar thermal subsystem to achieve the efficient power generation function in addition to energy storage, ensure that the nuclear reactor operates at a rated thermal power under variable loads, avoid the problems of difficult regulation and poor economy of the reactor under variable power regulation, and solve the problem of molten salt solidification in case of equipment damage in the solar thermal system; the present invention adapts to the thermal power conversion and heat-heat conversion requirements of the nuclear reactor under wide load conditions, and ensures the efficient utilization of energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power generation, and particularly to an energy storage and efficient power generation system that couples solar energy and nuclear energy. Background Art

[0002] Nuclear power is one of the main green energy sources for large-scale sustainable development. The fourth-generation nuclear power has advantages such as high power generation efficiency, high inherent safety, and reliable operation.

[0003] Solar energy is a renewable energy source. Using solar energy for solar thermal power generation can make up for the intermittency of solar power generation and fundamentally solve environmental problems such as smog and acid rain.

[0004] Compared with the traditional water-steam Rankine cycle power generation method, the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle power generation technology has advantages such as high efficiency, good flexibility, wide applicability, and small volume of equipment and systems. It is a transformative low-carbon power generation technology in the field of thermal power generation. Therefore, the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle is widely regarded as the ideal power generation cycle for the fourth-generation advanced nuclear power system and solar thermal system.

[0005] Combining nuclear energy with solar energy and using a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle system for power generation can improve the comprehensive utilization rate of energy and contribute to the green and low-carbon transformation of China's electric power.

[0006] In the power generation system that couples solar energy and nuclear energy proposed in the literature (DOI: 10.1016 / j.energy.2020.117282), the solar thermal system and the nuclear power system are connected through a molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger and arranged in front of the turbine inlet. Under the design load, this method can increase the turbine inlet temperature, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the unit. However, during variable load operation, the thermal power of the nuclear reactor needs to be continuously adjusted to adapt to the changing load requirements, which will pose challenges to the design and control of the nuclear reactor control system; in addition, the economy of the nuclear reactor operating at non-rated thermal power is not high. On the other hand, the molten salt in this system releases heat unidirectionally to the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle system. If problems such as damage to the solar heliostat, absorber, or lack of additional electric heating insulation occur, it will lead to the problem of molten salt solidification. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned existing technologies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy storage and high-efficiency power generation system that couples solar energy and nuclear energy, including a nuclear reactor subsystem, a molten salt energy storage subsystem, a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem, and a solar thermal subsystem. The molten salt energy storage subsystem is used to assist the nuclear reactor in achieving an energy storage function in addition to power generation, and assist the solar thermal subsystem in achieving a high-efficiency power generation function in addition to energy storage, ensuring that the nuclear reactor operates at a rated thermal power under variable loads, avoiding the problems of difficult regulation and poor economy of the reactor under variable power regulation, and solving the problem of molten salt solidification in the case of equipment damage in the solar thermal system; by adjusting the coupling layout between subsystems, it adapts to the thermal work conversion and heat-heat conversion requirements of the nuclear reactor under wide load conditions, ensuring the efficient utilization of energy.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] An energy storage and high-efficiency power generation system that couples solar energy and nuclear energy of the present invention includes a nuclear reactor subsystem, a molten salt energy storage subsystem, a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem, and a solar thermal subsystem;

[0010] The solar thermal subsystem and the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem are connected to the molten salt energy storage subsystem, and the molten salt energy storage subsystem and the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem are connected to the nuclear reactor subsystem.

[0011] Further, the nuclear reactor subsystem includes a nuclear reactor core and a main heat exchanger; the core is connected to the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem through the main heat exchanger.

[0012] Further, the molten salt energy storage subsystem includes a low-temperature molten salt tank, a low-temperature molten salt valve, a low-temperature molten salt pump, a molten salt confluence valve, a molten salt diversion valve, a high-temperature molten salt tank, a high-temperature molten salt valve, a high-temperature molten salt pump, a valve before the heating module, a heating module, and a valve after the heating module;

[0013] The first outlet of the molten salt diversion valve is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature molten salt tank, and the outlet of the low-temperature molten salt tank is connected to the second inlet of the molten salt confluence valve; the second outlet of the molten salt diversion valve is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature molten salt tank, and the outlet of the high-temperature molten salt tank is connected to the first inlet of the molten salt confluence valve, and the outlet of the high-temperature molten salt tank is connected to the low-temperature molten salt tank; the molten salt diversion valve and the molten salt confluence valve are connected to the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem.

[0014] Further, the outlet of the low-temperature molten salt tank is connected to the second inlet of the molten salt confluence valve through the low-temperature molten salt valve and the low-temperature molten salt pump;

[0015] The outlet of the high-temperature molten salt tank is connected to the first inlet of the molten salt confluence valve through the high-temperature molten salt valve and the high-temperature molten salt pump;

[0016] The outlet of the high-temperature molten salt tank is connected to the low-temperature molten salt tank through the pre-heating-module valve, the heating module, and the post-heating-module valve.

[0017] Furthermore, by adjusting the opening and closing states of the molten salt diversion valve and the molten salt confluence valve, heat release or absorption from the molten salt energy storage subsystem to the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle subsystem, and heat absorption from the nuclear reactor subsystem are achieved; by adjusting the opening and closing states of the pre-heating-module valve and the post-heating-module valve, heat release from the molten salt energy storage subsystem to the outside is achieved.

[0018] Furthermore, the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem includes a turbine, a low-temperature recuperator, a high-temperature recuperator, a pre-cooler, a main compressor, a re-compressor, a molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, a pre-valve of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, a first post-valve of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, a second post-valve of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, a pre-valve of the turbine, a pre-valve of the cooler, a cooler, a pre-valve of the circulator, and a circulator; the outlet of the nuclear reactor subsystem is divided into three paths, which are respectively connected to the inlet of the pre-valve of the circulator, the inlet of the pre-valve of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, and the inlet of the pre-valve of the turbine. The outlet of the pre-valve of the circulator is connected to the inlet of the circulator. The outlet of the circulator and the outlet of the pre-valve of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger are connected to the inlet of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger. The outlet of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger is divided into three paths, which are respectively connected to the inlet of the first post-valve of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, the inlet of the second post-valve of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, and the inlet of the pre-valve of the cooler. The outlet of the pre-valve of the cooler is connected to the inlet of the cold side of the main heat exchanger. The outlet of the first post-valve of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the turbine. The outlet of the turbine is connected to the outlet of the second post-valve of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger. The outlet of the turbine is divided into two paths after passing through the hot side of the high-temperature recuperator and the hot side of the low-temperature recuperator. One path is connected to the inlet of the pre-cooler, and the other path is connected to the inlet of the re-compressor. The outlet of the pre-cooler is connected to the inlet of the nuclear reactor subsystem through the main compressor, the cold side of the low-temperature recuperator, and the cold side of the high-temperature recuperator. The outlet of the re-compressor is connected to the inlet of the cold side of the low-temperature recuperator.

[0019] Furthermore, the outlet of the pre-valve of the cooler is connected to the inlet of the cold side of the main heat exchanger through the cooler.

[0020] Furthermore, the main compressor is connected to a generator.

[0021] Furthermore, the molten salt side outlet of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger is connected to the molten salt diversion valve.

[0022] Furthermore, the turbine, the compressor, the re-compressor, and the motor are arranged coaxially.

[0023] Furthermore, the solar thermal subsystem includes heliostats, a solar energy absorber, and a molten salt circulation pump; the hot end of the solar energy absorber is connected to a high-temperature molten salt tank through the molten salt circulation pump, and the cold end of the solar energy absorber is connected to the molten salt energy storage subsystem; the heliostats are arranged around the solar energy absorber.

[0024] Furthermore, the nuclear reactor core is a fourth-generation nuclear power reactor core.

[0025] Furthermore, the cold end of the solar energy absorber is connected to a low-temperature molten salt tank.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] In the present invention, by setting up a nuclear reactor subsystem, a molten salt energy storage subsystem, a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem, and a solar thermal subsystem, the nuclear reactor operates at a rated thermal power state under different load requirements. By changing the system circulation configuration, the heat generated by the nuclear reactor under rated load and overload is used for power generation in the supercritical carbon dioxide subsystem, or for energy storage in the molten salt energy storage subsystem under low load and zero load; while the stable operation of the nuclear reactor under different load requirements can reduce the steps of nuclear reactor power regulation and control and ensure the economy of the nuclear reactor. On the other hand, when the solar thermal subsystem cannot work, the nuclear reactor can release heat to the molten salt energy storage subsystem through a molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger to avoid the cooling and solidification of the molten salt. Description of the Drawings

[0028] Figure 1 It is the overall system diagram of the present invention.

[0029] Among them, 1-1 is the nuclear reactor core, 1-2 is the main heat exchanger, 2-1 is the low-temperature molten salt tank, 2-2 is the low-temperature molten salt valve, 2-3 is the low-temperature molten salt pump, 2-4 is the molten salt confluence device, 2-5 is the molten salt diversion device, 2-6 is the high-temperature molten salt tank, 2-7 is the high-temperature molten salt valve, 2-8 is the high-temperature molten salt pump, 2-9 is the valve before the heating module, 2-10 is the heating module, 2-11 is the valve after the heating module, 3-1 is the turbine, 3-2 is the low-temperature recuperator, 3-3 is the high-temperature recuperator, 3-4 is the pre-cooler, 3-5 is the main compressor, 3-6 is the re-compressor, 3-7 is the generator, 3-8 is the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, 3-9 is the valve before the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, 3-10 is the first post-valve of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, 3-11 is the second post-valve of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, 3-12 is the valve before the turbine, 3-13 is the valve before the cooler, 3-14 is the cooler, 3-15 is the valve before the circulator, 3-16 is the circulator, 4-1 is the heliostat, 4-2 is the solar energy absorber, and 4-3 is the molten salt circulation pump. Detailed Embodiments

[0030] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0031] As Figure 1 shown, an energy storage and high-efficiency power generation system coupling solar energy and nuclear energy of the present invention includes a nuclear reactor subsystem 1, a molten salt energy storage subsystem 2, a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem 3, and a solar thermal subsystem 4.

[0032] Among them, the nuclear reactor subsystem 1 includes a nuclear reactor core 1-1 and a main heat exchanger 1-2. The core 1-1 is connected to the molten salt energy storage subsystem 2 or the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem 3 through the main heat exchanger 1-2.

[0033] The molten salt energy storage subsystem 2 includes a low-temperature molten salt tank 2-1, a low-temperature molten salt valve 2-2, a low-temperature molten salt pump 2-3, a molten salt confluence valve 2-4, a molten salt diversion valve 2-5, a high-temperature molten salt tank 2-6, a high-temperature molten salt valve 2-7, a high-temperature molten salt pump 2-8, a valve 2-9 before the heating module, a heating module 2-10, and a valve 2-11 after the heating module. The molten salt diversion valve 2-5 includes an inlet, a first outlet, and a second outlet; the molten salt confluence valve 2-4 includes a first inlet, a second inlet, and an outlet;

[0034] The molten salt side outlet of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger 3-8 is connected to the molten salt diversion valve 2-5. The first outlet of the molten salt diversion valve 2-5 is connected to the second inlet of the molten salt confluence valve 2-4 through the low-temperature molten salt tank 2-1, the low-temperature molten salt valve 2-2, and the low-temperature molten salt pump 2-3. The second outlet of the molten salt diversion valve 2-5 is connected to the first inlet of the molten salt confluence valve 2-4 through the high-temperature molten salt tank 2-6, the high-temperature molten salt valve 2-7, and the high-temperature molten salt pump 2-8. The outlet of the molten salt confluence valve 2-4 is connected to the molten salt side inlet of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger 3-8. The outlet of the high-temperature molten salt tank 2-6 is connected to the low-temperature molten salt tank 2-1 through the valve 2-9 before the heating module, the heating module 2-10, and the valve 2-11 after the heating module. By adjusting the opening and closing states of the molten salt diversion valve 2-5 and the molten salt confluence valve 2-4, heat release or heat absorption from the molten salt energy storage subsystem 2 to the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem 3, and heat absorption from the nuclear reactor subsystem 1 are realized; by adjusting the opening and closing states of the valve 2-9 before the heating module and the valve 2-11 after the heating module, heat release from the molten salt energy storage subsystem to the outside is realized.

[0035] The supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem 3 includes a turbine 3-1, a low-temperature recuperator 3-2, a high-temperature recuperator 3-3, a precooler 3-4, a main compressor 3-5, a recompressor 3-6, a generator 3-7, a molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger 3-8, a molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger front valve 3-9, a first post-position valve 3-10 of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, a second post-position valve 3-11 of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, a turbine front valve 3-12, a cooler front valve 3-13, a cooler 3-14, a circulator front valve 3-15 and a circulator 3-16. The cold-side outlet of the main heat exchanger 1-2 is divided into three paths, which are respectively connected to the inlet of the circulator front valve 3-15, the inlet of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger front valve 3-9 and the inlet of the turbine front valve 3-12. The outlet of the circulator front valve 3-15 is connected to the inlet of the circulator 3-16. After the outlet of the circulator 3-16 is connected to the outlet of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger front valve 3-9, it is then connected to the inlet of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger 3-8. The outlet of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger 3-8 is divided into three paths, which are respectively connected to the inlet of the first post-position valve 3-10 of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, the inlet of the second post-position valve 3-11 and the inlet of the cooler front valve 3-13. The outlet of the cooler front valve 3-13 is connected to the cold-side inlet of the main heat exchanger 1-2 through the cooler 3-14. The outlet of the first post-position valve 3-10 of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the turbine 3-1. The outlet of the turbine 3-1 is connected to the outlet of the second post-position valve 3-11 of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger. The outlet of the turbine 3-1 is divided into two paths after passing through the hot side of the high-temperature recuperator 3-2 and the hot side of the low-temperature recuperator 3-3. One path is connected to the inlet of the precooler 3-4, and the other path is connected to the inlet of the recompressor 3-6. The outlet of the precooler 3-4 is connected to the cold-side inlet of the main heat exchanger 1-2 through the main compressor 3-5, the cold side of the low-temperature recuperator 3-3 and the cold side of the high-temperature recuperator 3-2. The outlet of the recompressor 3-6 is connected to the cold-side inlet of the low-temperature recuperator 3-2. By adjusting the switches of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger front valve 3-9, the first post-position valve 3-10 of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, the second post-position valve 3-11 of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, the turbine front valve 3-12, the cooler front valve 3-13 and the circulator front valve 3-15, different system configurations are formed. The main compressor 3-5 is connected to the generator 3-7.

[0036] The solar thermal subsystem 4 includes a heliostat 4-1, a solar heat absorber 4-2 and a molten salt circulation pump 4-3. The hot end of the solar heat absorber 4-2 is connected to the high-temperature molten salt tank 2-6 through the molten salt circulation pump 4-3, and the cold end of the solar heat absorber 4-2 is connected to the low-temperature molten salt tank 2-1.

[0037] The main heat exchanger 1-2, the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger 3-8, the high-temperature recuperator 3-2, the low-temperature recuperator 3-3, the pre-cooler 3-4 and the cooler 3-14 adopt printed circuit board heat exchangers (PCHEs) to achieve the compactness, low resistance and high efficiency of the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle heat exchanger under the condition of large heat transfer capacity; the main compressor 3-5 operates near the carbon dioxide critical point to ensure that the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle has a high cycle efficiency.

[0038] The specific working process of the present invention is as follows:

[0039] After the supercritical carbon dioxide is heated up on the cold side of the main heat exchanger 1-2, it is divided into three paths. The first path passes through the pre-circulator valve 3-15 and the circulator 3-16, the second path passes through the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide pre-valve 3-9 and then converges with the first path to enter the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger 3-8, and the third path directly enters the turbine expansion 3-1 after passing through the pre-turbine valve 3-12. The supercritical carbon dioxide flows out of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger 3-8 and is divided into three paths. The first path directly enters the turbine 3-1 for expansion work after passing through the first post-positioned valve 3-10 of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, the second path converges with the fluid at the outlet of the turbine 3-1 after passing through the second post-positioned valve 3-11 of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, and the third path directly returns to the hot side of the main heat exchanger 1-2 after passing through the pre-cooler valve 3-13 and the cooler 3-14. After the supercritical carbon dioxide flows out of the outlet of the turbine 3-1, it enters the hot sides of the high-temperature recuperator 3-2 and the low-temperature recuperator 3-3 to release heat, and then is divided into two paths. One path enters the main compressor 3-5 for compression and power consumption after being cooled on the hot side of the pre-cooler 3-4, and then absorbs heat on the cold side of the low-temperature recuperator 3-3, and converges with the other path of fluid that has been compressed and consumed power by the re-compressor 3-6, and then returns to the cold side of the main heat exchanger 1-2 to absorb heat after absorbing heat on the cold side of the high-temperature recuperator 3-2. By adjusting the opening and closing states of the valves (the pre-valve 3-9 of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, the first post-positioned valve 3-10 of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, the second post-positioned valve 3-11 of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, the pre-turbine valve 3-12, the pre-cooler valve 3-13 and the pre-circulator valve 3-15, the low-temperature molten salt valve 2-2, the molten salt confluence valve 2-4, the molten salt diversion valve 2-5, the high-temperature molten salt valve 2-7), three different cycle configurations in which the nuclear reactor subsystem 1, the molten salt energy storage subsystem 2 and the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem 3 are coupled with each other are formed:

[0040] 1) Open the front valve 3-9 of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger and the first post-valve 3-10 of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger. The molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger 3-8 is in series with the turbine 3-1. Open the high-temperature molten salt valve 2-7, the first inlet of the molten salt confluence valve 2-4, and the first outlet of the molten salt shunt valve 2-5 to realize the power generation function of the coupled supercritical carbon dioxide cycle subsystem of the nuclear reactor subsystem and the solar thermal subsystem under overload and rated load, and achieve the efficient thermal power conversion of the entire system.

[0041] 2) Open the front valve 3-9 of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, the second post-valve 3-11 of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger, and the pre-valve 3-12 of the turbine. The molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger 3-8 is in parallel with the turbine 3-1. Open the low-temperature molten salt valve 2-2, the second inlet of the molten salt confluence valve 2-6, and the second outlet of the molten salt shunt valve 2-5. At the same time, realize the power generation of the coupled supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem of the nuclear reactor subsystem under low load, the energy storage function of the coupled molten salt energy storage subsystem, and the energy storage function of the solar thermal subsystem coupled with the molten salt energy storage subsystem, and achieve the coordinated heat-heat conversion and efficient thermal power conversion of the entire system.

[0042] 3) Open the pre-valve 3-15 of the circulator and the pre-valve 3-13 of the cooler. Open the low-temperature molten salt valve 2-2, the second inlet of the molten salt confluence valve 2-6, and the second outlet of the molten salt shunt valve 2-5 to realize the energy storage function of the coupled molten salt energy storage subsystem of the nuclear reactor subsystem and the solar thermal subsystem under zero load, and achieve the heat-heat conversion of the entire system.

[0043] In the solar thermal subsystem 4, the heliostat 4-1 focuses sunlight onto the solar heat absorber 4-2 to heat the molten salt from the low-temperature molten salt tank 2-1, and then enters the high-temperature molten salt tank 2-6 through the molten salt circulation pump 4-3 for heat storage. The heliostat 4-1 is arranged around the solar heat absorber 4-2.

[0044] Open the pre-valve 2-9 of the heating module and the post-valve 2-11 of the heating module. The heating module 2-10 between the high-temperature molten salt tank 2-6 and the low-temperature molten salt tank 2-1 can supply heat to the outside.

[0045] The nuclear reactor core 1-1 is a fourth-generation nuclear power reactor core, including a liquid metal cooled fast reactor, a molten salt reactor, and a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. The nuclear reactor core 1-1 maintains rated thermal power operation. The nuclear reactor core 1-1 and the main heat exchanger 1-2 are of an integrated design.

[0046] The turbine 3-1, the compressor 3-5, the recompressor 3-6, and the motor 3-7 are arranged coaxially.

Claims

1. A energy storage and efficient power generation system that couples solar energy and nuclear energy, characterized in that It includes a nuclear reactor subsystem (1), a molten salt energy storage subsystem (2), a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem (3), and a solar thermal subsystem (4); The solar thermal subsystem (4) and the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem (3) are connected to the molten salt energy storage subsystem (2), and the molten salt energy storage subsystem (2) and the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem (3) are connected to the nuclear reactor subsystem (1); The molten salt energy storage subsystem (2) includes a low-temperature molten salt tank (2-1), a low-temperature molten salt valve (2-2), a low-temperature molten salt pump (2-3), a molten salt confluence valve (2-4), a molten salt diversion valve (2-5), a high-temperature molten salt tank (2-6), a high-temperature molten salt valve (2-7), a high-temperature molten salt pump (2-8), a valve before the heating module (2-9), a heating module (2-10), and a valve after the heating module (2-11); The first outlet of the molten salt diversion valve (2-5) is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature molten salt tank (2-1), and the outlet of the low-temperature molten salt tank (2-1) is connected to the second inlet of the molten salt confluence valve (2-4); the second outlet of the molten salt diversion valve (2-5) is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature molten salt tank (2-6), and the outlet of the high-temperature molten salt tank (2-6) is connected to the first inlet of the molten salt confluence valve (2-4), and the outlet of the high-temperature molten salt tank (2-6) is connected to the low-temperature molten salt tank (2-1); the molten salt diversion valve (2-5) and the molten salt confluence valve (2-4) are connected to the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem (3); The outlet of the low-temperature molten salt tank (2-1) is connected to the second inlet of the molten salt confluence valve (2-4) through the low-temperature molten salt valve (2-2) and the low-temperature molten salt pump (2-3); The outlet of the high-temperature molten salt tank (2-6) is connected to the first inlet of the molten salt confluence valve (2-4) through the high-temperature molten salt valve (2-7) and the high-temperature molten salt pump (2-8); The outlet of the high-temperature molten salt tank (2-6) is connected to the low-temperature molten salt tank (2-1) through the valve before the heating module (2-9), the heating module (2-10), and the valve after the heating module (2-11); The supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem (3) includes a turbine (3-1), a low-temperature recuperator (3-2), a high-temperature recuperator (3-3), a precooler (3-4), a main compressor (3-5), a recompressor (3-6), a molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger (3-8), a valve before the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger (3-9), a first post-valve of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger (3-10), a second post-valve of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger (3-11), a valve before the turbine (3-12), a valve before the cooler (3-13), a cooler (3-14), a valve before the circulator (3-15) and a circulator (3-16); the outlet of the nuclear reactor subsystem (1) is divided into three paths, which are respectively connected to the inlet of the valve before the circulator (3-15), the inlet of the valve before the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger (3-9) and the inlet of the valve before the turbine (3-12). The outlet of the valve before the circulator (3-15) is connected to the inlet of the circulator (3-16). The outlet of the circulator (3-16) and the outlet of the valve before the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger (3-9) are connected to the inlet of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger (3-8). The outlet of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger (3-8) is divided into three paths, which are respectively connected to the inlet of the first post-valve of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger (3-10), the inlet of the second post-valve (3-11) and the inlet of the valve before the cooler (3-13). The outlet of the valve before the cooler (3-13) is connected to the inlet of the cold side of the main heat exchanger (1-2). The outlet of the first post-valve of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger (3-10) is connected to the inlet of the turbine (3-1). The outlet of the turbine (3-1) is connected to the outlet of the second post-valve of the molten salt-supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchanger (3-11). The outlet of the turbine (3-1) is divided into two paths after passing through the hot side of the high-temperature recuperator (3-3) and the hot side of the low-temperature recuperator (3-2). One path is connected to the inlet of the precooler (3-4), and the other path is connected to the inlet of the recompressor (3-6). The outlet of the precooler (3-4) is connected to the inlet of the nuclear reactor subsystem (1) through the main compressor (3-5), the cold side of the low-temperature recuperator (3-2) and the cold side of the high-temperature recuperator (3-3). The outlet of the recompressor (3-6) is connected to the inlet of the cold side of the low-temperature recuperator (3-2).

2. The energy storage and high-efficiency power generation system coupling solar energy and nuclear energy according to claim 1, wherein, The nuclear reactor subsystem (1) includes a nuclear reactor core (1-1) and a main heat exchanger (1-2); the core (1-1) is connected to the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle subsystem (3) through the main heat exchanger (1-2).

3. A energy storage and high-efficiency power generation system coupling solar energy and nuclear energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, By adjusting the opening and closing states of the molten salt diversion valve (2-5) and the molten salt confluence valve (2-4), heat release or heat absorption from the molten salt energy storage subsystem (2) to the supercritical carbon dioxide cycle subsystem (3) and heat absorption from the nuclear reactor subsystem (1) are achieved; by adjusting the opening and closing states of the valve before the heating module (2-9) and the valve after the heating module (2-11), heat release from the molten salt energy storage subsystem to the outside is achieved.

4. A energy storage and efficient power generation system coupling solar energy and nuclear energy according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outlet of the valve before the cooler (3-13) is connected to the inlet of the cold side of the main heat exchanger (1-2) through the cooler (3-14).

5. A energy storage and high-efficiency power generation system coupling solar energy and nuclear energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main compressor (3-5) is connected to a generator (3-7).

6. A energy storage and high-efficiency power generation system coupling solar energy and nuclear energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The turbine (3-1), the main compressor (3-5), the recompressor (3-6) and the generator (3-7) are arranged coaxially.

7. A energy storage and high-efficiency power generation system coupling solar energy and nuclear energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar thermal subsystem (4) includes heliostats (4-1), a solar energy heat absorber (4-2) and a molten salt circulation pump (4-3); the hot end of the solar energy heat absorber (4-2) is connected to the high-temperature molten salt tank (2-6) through the molten salt circulation pump (4-3), and the cold end of the solar energy heat absorber (4-2) is connected to the molten salt energy storage subsystem (2); the heliostats (4-1) are arranged around the solar energy heat absorber (4-2).

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