A 5G millimeter wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna

Abstract

The 5G millimeter wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna of the present invention belongs to the field of wireless communication technology. The antenna includes an upper dielectric substrate, a middle dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate. The upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate is printed with a pair of rectangular patches with etched grooves. The upper surface of the middle dielectric substrate is printed with a pair of semicircular patches with etched grooves and four square parasitic patches. The upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate is printed with a layer of metal surface as a floor, and a rectangular groove is etched in the middle of the floor. The lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate is printed with a microstrip line with a short stub. The present invention utilizes an upper dielectric substrate, a middle dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate plus a double-layer radiation patch, and utilizes a microstrip line with a short stub for slot coupling feeding, thereby realizing a 5G millimeter wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna. The antenna is not only simple in structure, but also has a wide bandwidth range and stable gain, which can significantly reduce the manufacturing cost of the antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of wireless communication technology, and specifically relates to a 5G millimeter wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna. Background Art

[0002] As we all know, the existence of electromagnetic waves was predicted by Maxwell in the 19th century. In 1887, Hertz successfully verified their existence through experiments with electric dipole resonators. It wasn't until 1894 that the first radio receiver was designed. Since then, the world has relied on wireless communication technology. However, in wireless communication, antennas are essential components of the entire system, and their overall performance directly impacts the quality of communication.

[0003] With the continuous development of information technology, people's demands for communication quality are constantly increasing, bringing fifth-generation communication technology into our daily lives. Millimeter wave technology will receive significant attention during the 5G rollout. Millimeter waves offer ultra-wide spectrum resources, which will greatly meet demand given the current extreme scarcity of spectrum resources. Furthermore, due to their high frequency, millimeter waves offer the advantages of low transmission latency, high transmission rates, and large information capacity. Therefore, continued in-depth research on millimeter waves will significantly enhance the development of cutting-edge fields such as telemedicine, space exploration, and remote sensing navigation.

[0004] Millimeter-wave spectrum resources are allocated differently in different countries and regions. Designing antennas that can operate in multiple frequency bands requires a wide bandwidth. However, many millimeter-wave antennas currently use narrow bandwidths, which increases manufacturing costs and hinders their use in wireless communication products.

[0005] Therefore, in the actual application of 5G construction, exploring and discovering a single broadband antenna will be of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a 5G millimeter-wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna to solve the technical problem that many millimeter-wave antennas currently use a narrow bandwidth range, which makes the manufacturing cost of wireless communication products high.

[0007] To this end, the present invention provides a 5G millimeter wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna, comprising:

[0008] An upper dielectric substrate, the upper surface of which is provided with a pair of rectangular patches with etched grooves;

[0009] A middle dielectric substrate is provided at the bottom of the upper dielectric substrate, wherein the upper surface of the middle dielectric substrate is provided with a pair of semicircular patches with etched grooves and four square parasitic patches;

[0010] The lower dielectric substrate is arranged at the bottom of the middle dielectric substrate. The upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate is printed with a metal surface as a floor. A rectangular groove is etched in the middle of the floor. The lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate is printed with a microstrip line with a short stub.

[0011] In a more preferred embodiment, a pair of rectangular patches with etched grooves are symmetrically distributed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate, and six rectangular grooves are etched on both sides of each rectangular patch.

[0012] In a more preferred embodiment, the semicircular patches are symmetrically distributed, two rectangular grooves are etched on the inner side of each semicircular patch, and four square parasitic patches are symmetrically distributed at the four corners of the upper surface of the middle dielectric substrate.

[0013] In a more preferred embodiment, the rectangular groove on the floor is located at the center thereof, and the microstrip line is arranged perpendicular to the rectangular groove on the floor.

[0014] In a more preferred embodiment, the microstrip line is a feeding structure of the antenna, and an end of the microstrip line is connected to an antenna input port.

[0015] In a more preferred embodiment, a pair of rectangular metal through holes are opened in the middle of the middle dielectric substrate, and the rectangular metal through holes are symmetrically distributed along the center of the antenna.

[0016] In a more preferred embodiment, the rectangular patches and the semicircular patches are distributed symmetrically along the rectangular groove etched in the middle of the floor.

[0017] In a more preferred embodiment, the microstrip line has a second-order structure, and the stub is located on one side of the microstrip line.

[0018] In a more preferred embodiment, the upper dielectric substrate and the middle dielectric substrate are made of the same material.

[0019] In a more preferred embodiment, the material of the upper dielectric substrate and the middle dielectric substrate are both Rogers RT / duroid5880, and the material of the lower dielectric substrate is Rogers RO4003.

[0020] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention offers the following advantages: It utilizes an upper, middle, and lower dielectric substrate, along with a double-layer radiating patch, as the antenna's radiating structure. A microstrip line with a stub is used for slot-coupled feeding, generating a radio frequency electromagnetic field between the radiating patch and the floor, which radiates outward through the gap between the patch and the floor. Furthermore, the stub acts as a branch impedance matcher, resulting in better impedance matching for the antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive work.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional explosion structure of a 5G millimeter-wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the main structure of a 5G millimeter-wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a top-down structure of a 5G millimeter-wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a rectangular patch structure on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate of a 5G millimeter wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a semicircular patch and a square parasitic patch on the upper surface of a middle dielectric substrate in a 5G millimeter wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of a microstrip line with a stub on the lower surface of a lower dielectric substrate in a 5G millimeter-wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is the S-parameter simulation and gain diagram of the 5G millimeter-wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] The accompanying drawings are marked with: 1-upper dielectric substrate, 2-middle dielectric substrate, 3-lower dielectric substrate, 4-rectangular patch, 51-semicircular patch, 52-square parasitic patch, 6-floor, 7-microstrip line, 8-stub. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention provides a 5G millimeter-wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna. To clarify the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this application, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are intended only to illustrate this application and are not intended to limit it.

[0031] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless expressly stated otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an", "said" and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the specification of this application refers to the presence of the features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when the present invention refers to an element being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. In addition, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wireless connections or wireless couplings. The term "and / or" used herein includes all or any unit and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0032] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in common dictionaries should be understood to have meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined as herein.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0034] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0035] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection; direct connection, or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components, or interaction between two components, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0036] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0037] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation methods.

[0038] As we all know, with the rapid development of wireless communication technology, fifth-generation mobile communication technology has become the next generation of mobile communication systems in our daily lives. The main features of 5G communication technology are ultra-high spectrum utilization and energy efficiency, ultra-low transmission latency, more connected devices, increased system capacity, and wider coverage. Most notably, 5G boasts higher transmission rates, lower latency, and a vast number of connections. Furthermore, antennas, as key devices for electromagnetic wave transmission and reception, serve as a bridge and link for communication with the outside world. Therefore, with the advent of the 5G era, the development and innovation of antenna technology are crucial. Millimeter wave technology represents a significant innovation compared to previous communication technologies. In developing the 5G standard, the International Telecommunications Organization (3GPP) allocated the millimeter wave frequency band (FR2) from 24.25 to 52.6 GHz for 5G communications. Due to its higher frequency, millimeter waves have a wider operating bandwidth than previous generations, making them a direct and effective way to increase communication speeds. However, there is currently a large amount of unlicensed spectrum used for actual communication applications, which means that the many advantages of 5G communication in the millimeter wave band will be more fully reflected.

[0039] Due to its numerous advantages, various countries and regions are continuously planning to utilize millimeter wave frequency bands as a key resource for their 5G communications development. Consequently, different countries and regions continue to divide millimeter wave frequency bands based on their specific needs. In China, in 2010, a national key laboratory proposed developing Q-LINKPAN, a national millimeter wave short- and long-range communications standard. (Q refers to the Q band (40-50 GHz)) and began research that same year. On July 14, 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology's official website released the news, "The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Approves the Addition of New 5G Technology Trial Frequency Bands," adding the 24.75-27.5 GHz and 37-42.5 GHz frequency bands for my country's 5G technology R&D trials. Internationally, the European Union plans to adopt millimeter wave frequency bands including 24.25-27.5 GHz, 31.8-33.4 GHz, and 40.5-43.5 GHz. Overall, most countries and regions have millimeter wave frequency bands concentrated in the 24.25-43.5 GHz range. As can be seen from this, the spectrum resources planned for use in most countries are discontinuous. Therefore, when implementing 5G communications, antennas for different frequency bands must be deployed simultaneously. However, this process also raises issues such as mutual coupling between antennas and increased antenna weight, significantly increasing antenna R&D and manufacturing costs. Therefore, if a single antenna could be designed to cover a wide range of frequency bands and achieve broadband coverage, this would be a simple and low-cost solution. Therefore, exploring and discovering a single broadband antenna is of great significance in the practical application of 5G deployment.

[0040] There are many different types of antennas. Patch antennas account for a large proportion of reported millimeter-wave antennas due to their simple structure, ease of fabrication, low cost, and light weight. However, patch antennas typically have a narrow impedance bandwidth and cannot support signal transmission rates of tens of gigabits per second.

[0041] To this end, the present invention provides a 5G millimeter wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna, such as Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, the 5G millimeter-wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna includes, from top to bottom, an upper dielectric substrate 1, a middle dielectric substrate 2, and a lower dielectric substrate 3. The upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 1 is provided with a pair of rectangular patches 4 with etched grooves. The upper surface of the middle dielectric substrate 2 is provided with a pair of semicircular patches 51 with etched grooves and four square parasitic patches 52. The upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate 3 is provided with a metal surface as a floor 6, and a rectangular groove is etched in the middle of the floor 6. The lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 3 is provided with a microstrip line 7 with a short stub 8. The rectangular patch 4, the upper dielectric substrate 1, the semicircular patch 51, the square parasitic patch 52, the middle dielectric substrate 2, the floor 6, the lower dielectric substrate 3, and the microstrip line 7 with a short stub 8 are finally stacked together to form a structure of an electronic component connection carrier PCB. In a specific embodiment, the rectangular patch 4 is printed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 1, the semicircular patch 51 and the square parasitic patch 52 are printed on the upper surface of the middle dielectric substrate 2, and the metal surface used as the floor 6 is printed on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate 3. The microstrip line 7 with the short stub 8 is printed on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 3. In a specific embodiment, the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate 1 is 0.5 mm, the thickness of the middle dielectric substrate 2 is 0.787 mm, and the thickness of the lower dielectric substrate 3 is 0.203 mm. The upper dielectric substrate 1, the middle dielectric substrate 2, and the lower dielectric substrate 3 are made of conventional materials. The antenna of the present invention utilizes a double-layer patch superposition working mode so that the two resonance points of the antenna are close to each other during operation, thereby achieving the purpose of expanding the impedance bandwidth.

[0042] In a more preferred embodiment, the upper dielectric substrate 1 and the middle dielectric substrate 2 are made of the same material. The lower dielectric substrate 3 is made of a different material than the upper and middle dielectric substrates 1 and 2. Both the upper and middle dielectric substrates 1 and 2 are made of Rogers RT / duroid 5880(tm), while the lower dielectric substrate 3 is made of Rogers RO4003(tm). Rogers RT / duroid 5880(tm) high-frequency laminates are polytetrafluoroethylene glass fiber reinforced materials. These microfibers are randomly distributed within the material, providing maximum strength during circuit application and production. These high-frequency materials have the lowest dielectric constant among similar materials, and their extremely low dielectric loss makes them ideal for high-frequency, wide-band applications that require minimal dispersion and loss. Furthermore, Rogers RT / duroid 5880(tm)'s extremely low moisture absorption makes it ideal for applications in high-humidity environments. RT / duroid 5880(tm) laminates are easily cut into desired shapes and are resistant to all solutions and reagents used in etching and through-hole plating. RT / duroid 5880(tm) laminates offer the lowest dielectric loss among reinforced PTFE materials, low moisture absorption, isotropy, and minimal frequency variation in electrical properties. Rogers RO4003(tm) high-frequency laminates are glass-reinforced ceramic / hydrocarbon laminates widely used in RF / microwave circuits or high-speed signal applications, where dielectric constant (Dk) stability is critical. RO4003 exhibits an extremely low dissipation factor. When system gain design margins are tight, selecting RO4003 with a lower dissipation factor can reduce dielectric board transmission losses. Rogers RO4003(tm) has a dielectric constant of 3.55 and a loss tangent of 0.0027.

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, a pair of rectangular patches 4 with etched grooves are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 1. Six rectangular grooves are etched on either side of each rectangular patch 4. The rectangular patches 4 are 3 mm long and 1.66 mm wide. The rectangular grooves on these patches are 0.45 mm long and 0.4 mm wide. The two rectangular patches 4 are symmetrically arranged, and the rectangular grooves etched on these patches are also symmetrically distributed, primarily serving as the antenna's radiating structure.

[0044] like Figure 5 As shown, the semicircular patches 51 are symmetrically distributed and serve as the antenna's radiating structure. Two rectangular grooves are etched into the inner side of each semicircular patch 51. Four square parasitic patches 52 are symmetrically distributed at the four corners of the top surface of the middle dielectric substrate 2. The radius of the semicircular patch 51 is 1.9 mm, and the side length of the square parasitic patch 52 is 0.6 mm.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, a pair of rectangular metal through-holes are opened in the middle of the middle dielectric substrate 2, and the rectangular metal through-holes are symmetrically distributed along the center of the antenna. The present invention provides rectangular metal through-holes in the middle of the middle dielectric substrate 2 to improve the impedance matching of the antenna. The rectangular patch 4 and the semicircular patch 51 are both symmetrically distributed along the rectangular groove etched in the middle of the base plate 6. Figure 6 As shown, the rectangular slot on the floor 6 is located at its center, and the microstrip line 7 is arranged perpendicular to the rectangular slot on the floor 6. Microstrip line 7 is the feed structure of the antenna, and the end of microstrip line 7 is connected to the antenna input port. Microstrip line 7 has a second-order structure, and a short stub 8 is located on one side of microstrip line 7. The main function of short stub 8 is to match the impedance of the antenna. Microstrip line 7 with short stub 8 serves as the feed structure of the antenna, which can couple energy to the radiating patch through the gap in the floor 6. At the same time, short stub 8 acts as a branch impedance matcher, which makes the antenna have a good impedance matching effect.

[0046] The present invention also simulates the S parameters of the 5G millimeter wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna. Figure 7 Figure 2 is the S parameter simulation and gain diagram of the 5G millimeter wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna of this embodiment. 11 The parameter is one of the S parameters, which indicates the return loss characteristics. Generally, the loss dB value and impedance characteristics are observed through a network analyzer. This parameter indicates the transmission efficiency of the antenna. The larger the value, the greater the energy reflected back by the antenna itself, and the lower the efficiency of the antenna. 11 |<-10dB impedance bandwidth is 46.5%, covering the frequency range of 24.04-38.64GHz, impedance band

[0047] ffoc=2(fH-fL)*100%

[0048] Width is the relative bandwidth, calculated as fH + fL, specifically [2*(38.64-24.04) / (38.64+24.04)]*100% = 46.5%. This antenna achieves a stable in-band gain of 7.2±0.1dBi. This demonstrates that the 5G millimeter-wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna designed in this invention not only has a simple structure but also offers a wide bandwidth and stable gain, making it a promising alternative antenna for future 5G communication system applications.

[0049] In summary, the present invention designs a 5G millimeter-wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna. This antenna utilizes an upper, middle, and lower dielectric substrate, plus a double-layer radiating patch, as its radiating structure. A microstrip line with a stub is used for slot-coupled feeding. This generates a radio frequency electromagnetic field between the radiating patch and the floor, radiating outward through the gap between the patch and the floor. The stub also acts as a branch impedance matcher, resulting in a better impedance matching effect for the antenna.

[0050] The antenna of the present invention utilizes a double-layer patch stacking operation mode so that the two resonance points of the antenna are close to each other during operation, thereby achieving the purpose of expanding the impedance bandwidth.

[0051] The antenna|S in the present invention 11 The impedance bandwidth is 46.5% with a value of less than -10dB, covering a frequency range of 24.04-38.64GHz. The antenna achieves a stable in-band gain of 7.2±0.1dBi. The 5G millimeter-wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna designed in this invention not only has a simple structure but also offers a wide bandwidth and stable gain, significantly reducing antenna manufacturing costs.

[0052] Of course, the description of the above embodiments of the present invention is relatively detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. The present invention can also have many other implementation methods. Based on this implementation method, other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be based on the attached claims.

Claims

1. A 5G millimeter wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna, characterized in that include: An upper dielectric substrate, a middle dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; A pair of rectangular patches with etched grooves are provided on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate; A pair of rectangular patches with etched grooves are symmetrically distributed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate, and six rectangular grooves are etched on both sides of each rectangular patch; The two rectangular patches are symmetrically distributed, and the rectangular grooves etched on the rectangular patches are symmetrically distributed; The middle dielectric substrate is arranged at the bottom of the upper dielectric substrate, and the upper surface of the middle dielectric substrate is provided with a pair of semicircular patches with etched grooves and four square parasitic patches; The semicircular patches are symmetrically distributed, and two rectangular grooves are etched on the inner side of each semicircular patch. Four square parasitic patches are symmetrically distributed at the four corners of the upper surface of the middle dielectric substrate. The lower dielectric substrate is arranged at the bottom of the middle dielectric substrate, the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate is printed with a metal surface as a floor, a rectangular groove is etched in the middle of the floor, and the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate is printed with a microstrip line with a short stub; The microstrip line has a second-order structure, and the stub is located on one side of the microstrip line; The microstrip line with the short stub serves as a feeding structure of the antenna, coupling energy to the radiation patch through the gap on the floor, and the short stub serves as a branch impedance matcher.

2. The 5G millimeter wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectangular groove on the floor is located at the center thereof, and the microstrip line is arranged perpendicular to the rectangular groove on the floor.

3. The 5G millimeter wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The microstrip line is a feeding structure of the antenna, and an end of the microstrip line is connected to an antenna input port.

4. The 5G millimeter wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pair of rectangular metal through holes is opened in the middle of the middle dielectric substrate, and the rectangular metal through holes are distributed symmetrically along the center of the antenna.

5. The 5G millimeter wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectangular patches and the semicircular patches are both distributed symmetrically along the rectangular groove etched in the middle of the floor.

6. The 5G millimeter wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper dielectric substrate and the middle dielectric substrate are made of the same material.

7. The 5G millimeter wave slot-coupled micro base station antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The materials of the upper dielectric substrate and the middle dielectric substrate are both Rogers RT / duroid 5880, and the material of the lower dielectric substrate is Rogers RO4003.

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