A fish passage and migration method for improving efficiency

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fish passage and a migration method for improving efficiency, which includes a plurality of fish-dividing partition components arranged at intervals from the downstream inlet of the river channel to the upstream outlet of the river channel; from the downstream to the upstream of the river channel, the adjacent fish-dividing partition components are respectively divided into a No. 1 pool chamber, a No. 2 pool chamber, …, an No. n pool chamber; the fish-dividing partition component includes a first partition component and a second partition component, the first partition component has a first fish passage hole, the second partition component has a second fish passage hole, the bottom of the first partition component is fixed to the bottom of the river channel, the second partition component is arranged on the side of the first partition component close to the upstream in a liftable manner, and the second fish passage hole is set such that when the second partition component descends to a set position, the first fish passage hole and the second fish passage hole coincide. The present invention realizes an increase in the water flow drop, and the formed water sound, water splash and turbulence complete the attraction of fish, improving the success rate and efficiency of fish finding the inlet of the fish passage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects. More specifically, the present invention relates to a fish passage and migration method for improving efficiency. Background Art

[0002] With the development of social economy, large-scale dam construction across rivers to intercept river water volume is one of the most significant, extensive, and severe events in which the river ecosystem is affected by humans. After the sluice dam cuts off the river channel, it blocks the natural migration passage of fish, affecting many aspects of the fish life cycle, habitat space, and living habits. Building fish facilities to enable fish to cross the dam while overcoming the water flow drop, allowing fish to carry out reproductive or foraging migrations, is the main way to compensate for the adverse ecological environment impacts brought by water conservancy projects, and has a positive effect on protecting fishery resources and developing fishery production.

[0003] In the design of fishways, the water flow conditions inside the fishway pool chambers must be adapted to the swimming behavior characteristics of the target fish. Most of the early fishways were designed and built abroad, mainly for large-sized economic species such as salmon in foreign countries, which often have strong swimming abilities. This results in large flow velocities and turbulent kinetic energy values inside the fishway, making it difficult for smaller non-salmon species to pass through. Therefore, reducing the flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy value inside the fishway and designing and building a new type of fishway suitable for the upstream migration of fish with relatively weak swimming abilities and relatively small body sizes is a very important and urgent task. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fish passage and migration method for improving efficiency. By adjusting the height difference between the first partition component and the second partition component, the increase in water flow drop is realized, and the formed water sound, water splash, and turbulence complete the attraction of fish, improving the success rate and efficiency of fish finding the fishway entrance.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve this technical problem is: a fish passage for improving efficiency, including a plurality of fish partition components arranged at intervals from the downstream inlet of the river channel to the upstream outlet of the river channel; from the downstream to the upstream of the river channel, adjacent fish partition components are respectively divided into No. 1 pool chamber, No. 2 pool chamber,..., No. n pool chamber;

[0006] The fish partition component includes a first partition component and a second partition component. The first partition component has a first fish passage hole, and the second partition component has a second fish passage hole. The bottom of the first partition component is fixed to the bottom of the river channel, and the second partition component is movably arranged on the side of the first partition component close to the upstream. The second fish passage hole is set such that when the second partition component descends to a set position, the first fish passage hole and the second fish passage hole coincide.

[0007] Preferably, the second partition component includes a rectangular partition with a second fish passage hole and a lifting mechanism;

[0008] The lifting mechanism includes a control module and a track mechanism. The track mechanism is arranged on the first partition component, and the control module is used to control the moving position of the rectangular partition with the second fish passage hole on the track mechanism.

[0009] Preferably, the first transverse partition component is a rectangular partition with a first fish passage hole, and the bottom and both sides of the first transverse partition component are fixed to the river channel.

[0010] Preferably, there is a groove on one side of the first transverse partition component relative to the first transverse partition component, and the track mechanism is arranged in the groove.

[0011] Preferably, the middle and lower parts of the first partition component are both provided with first fish passage holes, and the middle and lower parts of the second partition component are both provided with second fish passage holes.

[0012] The present invention also provides a migration method using the fish passage described above, including the following steps:

[0013] S1. Start adjusting from the first fish passage partition component downstream, raise its second partition component, increase the water level difference between the second partition component and the downstream water surface, and attract fish to the vicinity of the first fish passage partition component downstream;

[0014] S2. Lower the second partition component to reduce the water level difference between the top of the first fish passage partition component and the downstream water surface, so that the fish with jumping habits can jump over the first fish passage partition component and enter the No. 1 chamber;

[0015] S3. Lower the second partition component of the first fish passage partition component until the two groups of second fish passage holes coincide with the two groups of first fish passage holes to form two sets of fish passage submerged holes up and down. The top of the first fish passage partition component is submerged underwater, and the fish passage submerged holes are correspondingly connected. Middle-layer fish and middle-lower-layer fish respectively pass through the upper fish passage submerged hole and the lower fish passage submerged hole and enter the No. 1 chamber;

[0016] S4. The fish swim upstream in the No. 1 chamber. Raise the second fish passage partition component and the first fish passage partition component in the same way as S1 to attract the fish to the vicinity of the second fish passage partition component downstream, and then repeat steps S2 - S3 to enable the fish to enter the No. 2 chamber, and then lower the second partition component of the first fish passage partition component;

[0017] S5. Repeat step S4 until the fish pass through the entire fishway chamber.

[0018] Preferably, the fish passage season is from March to July, and the fish species passing through are black carp, grass carp, silver carp, and bighead carp, taking into account: barbel chub, Guangdong bream, common carp, and mud carp, among which the common carp jumps over the corresponding fish passage baffle assembly.

[0019] Preferably, when the second baffle assembly in S1 descends until its second fish passage hole coincides with the first fish passage hole of the first baffle assembly, the height difference between it and the downstream water surface does not exceed 10 cm; when the second baffle assembly in S1 rises, the height difference between it and the downstream water surface does not exceed 20 cm.

[0020] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The fish passage for improving efficiency in this application has the following advantages:

[0021] 1. It improves the conditions for attracting fish at the downstream inlet. By adjusting the height difference between the first baffle assembly and the second baffle assembly, the water flow drop is increased, and the formation of water sound, water splashes, and turbulence completes the attraction of fish, improving the success rate and efficiency of fish finding the fishway inlet, and the effect is remarkable in practical applications.

[0022] 2. The height difference between the first baffle assembly and the second baffle assembly can be adjusted in a timely manner according to the on-site situation, and it has strong adaptability to the changes in the water levels of the downstream inlet and the upstream outlet reservoir.

[0023] 3. There is no energy dissipation problem, the flow pattern in the pool chamber is smooth, and it does not affect the upstream migration of fish.

[0024] 4. It can take into account the upstream migration of fish with surface, middle, and bottom migration habits and fish with jumping habits.

[0025] 5. It can increase the fishway slope and the level difference between pool chambers, shorten the fishway length, reduce the land occupation, facilitate the layout of the fishway, and save investment.

[0026] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the present invention will be partially reflected by the following description, and partially will also be understood by those skilled in the art through the research and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the fish passage for improving efficiency of the present invention;

[0028] Description of the reference numerals: 1 fish passage baffle assembly, 2 first baffle assembly, 3 second baffle assembly, 4 first fish passage hole, 5 second fish passage hole, 6 pile column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] The present invention will be described in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those of ordinary skill in the art will be able to implement the present invention based on these descriptions. Before describing the present invention in conjunction with the drawings, it should be specifically noted that: the technical solutions and technical features provided in each part including the following description of the present invention can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0030] In addition, the embodiments of the present invention involved in the following description are usually only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Therefore, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments, and the specific implementation process is as follows:

[0032] When the fish passage for improving the efficiency of the present application operates, it is affected by the upstream water level and flow rate, and is generally applicable to low-head water conservancy projects with a dam height of less than 25m. As Figure 1 shown, the fish passage for improving the efficiency includes a plurality of fish passage partition components 1 arranged at intervals from the downstream inlet of the river channel to the upstream outlet of the river channel; from the downstream to the upstream of the river channel, adjacent fish passage partition components 1 are respectively divided into a No. 1 chamber, a No. 2 chamber,..., an No. n chamber;

[0033] The fish passage partition component 1 includes a first partition component 2 and a second partition component 3. The first partition component 2 has a first fish passage hole 4, and the second partition component 3 has a second fish passage hole 5. The bottom of the first partition component 2 is fixed to the bottom of the river channel, and the second partition component 3 is arranged on the side of the first partition component 2 close to the upstream in a liftable manner. The second fish passage hole 5 is set such that when the second partition component 3 descends to a set position, the first fish passage hole 4 and the second fish passage hole 5 coincide.

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention may also include the following technical details to better achieve the technical effect: the second partition component 3 includes a rectangular partition with a second fish passage hole 5 and a lifting mechanism;

[0035] The lifting mechanism includes a control module and a track mechanism. The track mechanism is arranged on the first partition component 2. The rectangular partition of the second partition component 3 moves up and down through the track mechanism to adjust its height difference relative to the first partition component 2. The control module is used to control the moving position of the rectangular partition with the second fish passage hole 5 on the track mechanism. The track mechanism can be in the form of a linear track, a linear motor, a screw slider, etc., but is not limited to the above forms.

[0036] The technical solution may further include the following technical details to better achieve the technical effect: The first transverse partition component is a rectangular partition with a first fish passage hole 4, and the bottom and both sides of the first transverse partition component are fixed to the river channel, and the bottom is fixed by pile columns 6.

[0037] The technical solution may further include the following technical details to better achieve the technical effect: One side of the first transverse partition component opposite to the first transverse partition component has a groove body, and the track mechanism is arranged in the groove body, so as to ensure that the first transverse partition component and the second transverse partition component are arranged in a fitting manner or reduce the gap between the two.

[0038] The technical solution may further include the following technical details to better achieve the technical effect: The middle and lower parts of the first partition component 2 are both provided with first fish passage holes 4, and the middle and lower parts of the second partition component 3 are both provided with second fish passage holes 5. During the upward movement of the second partition component 3 driven by the track mechanism, the first fish passage holes 4 and the second fish passage holes 5 are arranged in a staggered manner. When the second partition component 3 moves down to a preset distance, the two groups of first fish passage holes 4 respectively communicate with the two groups of second fish passage holes 5 in a one-to-one correspondence, allowing fish to swim upstream smoothly.

[0039] A migration method using the fish passage described above includes the following steps:

[0040] S1. Start adjusting from the first fish passage partition component 1 downstream, raise its second partition component 3, increase the water surface drop between the second partition component 3 and the downstream, and attract fish to the vicinity of the first fish passage partition component 1 downstream; control the lifting height of the second partition component 3 so that when it rises, the two groups of first fish passage holes 4 and the second fish passage holes 5 are arranged in a staggered manner (because after the drop increases, the flow velocity of the fish passage holes increases, and it is difficult for fish to pass through the fish passage holes at this time).

[0041] S2. Lower the second partition component 3 to reduce the water surface drop between the top of the first fish passage partition component 1 and the downstream, so that fish with jumping habits (such as carp) can jump over the first fish passage partition component 1, that is, middle and upper layer (silver carp) fish swim upstream through the space above the plate and enter the No. 1 chamber;

[0042] S3. Lower the second partition component of the first fish passage partition component until the two groups of second fish passage holes coincide with the two groups of first fish passage holes to form two upper and lower fish passage submerged holes. The top of the first fish passage partition component is submerged underwater, and the fish passage submerged holes communicate correspondingly. Middle layer fish and middle and lower layer fish respectively pass through the upper fish passage submerged hole and the lower fish passage submerged hole and enter the No. 1 chamber;

[0043] S4. The fish swim upstream in the No. 1 pool chamber. At the same time as in S1, the second fish-passage baffle component and the first fish-passage baffle component are raised to attract the fish near the second fish-passage baffle component downstream. Then, steps S2 to S3 are repeated to make the fish enter the No. 2 pool chamber. After that, the second baffle component of the first fish-passage baffle component is lowered.

[0044] S5. Repeat step S4 until the fish pass through the entire fishway pool chamber.

[0045] Among them, the liftable cross baffle at the uppermost reaches rises and falls in association with the reservoir water level to adjust the flow rate through the fishway, and it has strong adaptability to the changes in the water levels of the downstream inlet and the upstream outlet reservoir.

[0046] This technical solution may also include the following technical details to better achieve the technical effect: The fish-passing season is from March to July, and the fish-passing species are black carp, grass carp, silver carp, and bighead carp, taking into account: barbel chub, southern bream, common carp, and mud carp, among which the common carp jumps over the corresponding fish-passage baffle component 1.

[0047] This technical solution may also include the following technical details to better achieve the technical effect: When the second baffle component 3 in S1 descends to the point where its second fish-passage hole 5 coincides with the first fish-passage hole 4 of the first baffle component 2, the height difference between it and the downstream water surface does not exceed 10 cm; when the second baffle component 3 in S1 rises, the height difference between it and the downstream water surface does not exceed 20 cm. The lifting height of the baffle is adjusted according to the fish-passing effect of the flow rate (about 1.0 m / s) of the fish-passage hole on-site to ensure the smooth upstream migration of the fish.

[0048] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, it is not limited to only the applications listed in the specification and the embodiments. It can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the field, additional modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the embodiments shown and described here.

Claims

1. A migratory method using a fish pass, characterized in that, The fish passage includes a number of fish passage baffle components arranged at intervals from the downstream inlet of the river channel to the upstream outlet of the river channel; from the downstream to the upstream of the river channel, the adjacent fish passage baffle components are respectively separated into a No. 1 pool chamber, a No. 2 pool chamber, …, a No. n pool chamber; The fish passage baffle component includes a first baffle component and a second baffle component. The first baffle component has a first fish passage hole, and the second baffle component has a second fish passage hole. The bottom of the first baffle component is fixed to the bottom of the river channel, and the second baffle component is arranged on the side of the first baffle component close to the upstream in a liftable manner. The second fish passage hole is set such that when the second baffle component descends to a set position, the first fish passage hole and the second fish passage hole coincide; The migration method includes the following steps: S1. Start adjusting from the first fish passage baffle component downstream, raise its second baffle component, increase the water surface drop between the second baffle component and the downstream water surface, and attract fish to the vicinity of the first fish passage baffle component downstream; S2. Lower the second baffle component to reduce the water surface drop between the top of the first fish passage baffle component and the downstream water surface, so that the fish with jumping habits can jump over the first fish passage baffle component and enter the No. 1 pool chamber; S3. After the second baffle component of the first fish passage baffle component is lowered until the two groups of second fish passage holes coincide with the two groups of first fish passage holes to form two sets of fish passage submerged holes up and down, the top of the first fish passage baffle component is submerged underwater, and the fish passage submerged holes are correspondingly connected. The middle-layer fish and the middle and lower-layer fish respectively pass through the upper fish passage submerged hole and the lower fish passage submerged hole and enter the No. 1 pool chamber; S4. The fish swim upstream in the No. 1 pool chamber. Raise the second baffle component of the second fish passage baffle component and the first fish passage baffle component in the same way as in S1 to attract the fish to the vicinity of the second fish passage baffle component downstream, and then repeat steps S2~S3 to enable the fish to enter the No. 2 pool chamber, and then lower the second baffle component of the first fish passage baffle component; S5. Repeat step S4 until the fish pass through the entire fishway pool chamber.

2. The migration method of the fish pass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fish passage season is from March to July, and the fish species passing through are black carp, grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, and also taking into account: barbel chub, southern bream, common carp, mud carp, among which the common carp jumps over the corresponding fish passage baffle component.

3. The method for fish migration in the fish passage according to claim 1, characterized in that When the second baffle component in S1 descends until its second fish passage hole coincides with the first fish passage hole of the first baffle component, the water surface drop height between it and the downstream water surface does not exceed 10 cm; when the second baffle component in S1 rises, the water surface drop height between it and the downstream water surface does not exceed 20 cm.

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