A non-intrusive electromagnetic pulse measuring device, measuring circuit and measuring method

Abstract

The application discloses a non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measuring device, a measuring circuit and a measuring method. The measuring device comprises a center conductor, an outer conductor, a coupling electrode plate and a cable assembly. The outer conductor is in a cylindrical shape. One side of the coupling electrode plate is provided with a thin film dielectric, and the thin film dielectric is connected with the inner side wall of the outer conductor. A matching resistance is arranged outside the outer conductor. One end of the cable assembly is arranged through the outer conductor and the thin film dielectric and is electrically connected with the coupling electrode plate, and the other end of the cable assembly is electrically connected with the other end of the matching resistance. The center conductor is suspended in the inner part of the outer conductor and is coaxially arranged with the outer conductor, and is used for connecting a load and an electromagnetic pulse source respectively. The application adopts a non-invasive detection mode, the device is simple and has low cost, meanwhile, the influence of the invasive electromagnetic pulse measuring mode on the measuring signal is solved, the nondestructive measurement of the high-voltage electromagnetic pulse is realized, and thus the measurement accuracy is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electromagnetic pulse technology, and in particular to a non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device, measurement circuit, and measurement method. Background Technology

[0002] High-voltage electromagnetic pulses (HEPs) are characterized by large voltage amplitude, high field strength, and wide frequency spectrum. Measurement of HEPs primarily involves assessing their temporal and spatial distribution characteristics. Temporal distribution characteristics mainly include pulse width, rise time, and fall time, while spatial distribution characteristics refer primarily to the pulse amplitude. Currently, the main method for measuring high-voltage HEPs is the use of resistive-capacitive voltage divider technology. This method requires the high-voltage probe to be in contact with the object acting on the pulse, making it an invasive HEP measurement method.

[0003] When measuring high-voltage ultrashort pulses, the limited bandwidth of the RC voltage divider probe in the RC voltage divider measurement technique can affect the measured pulse signal, causing distortion and impacting the subsequent accurate analysis of the electromagnetic pulse characteristics. Therefore, existing electromagnetic pulse measurement methods cannot guarantee measurement accuracy when measuring high-voltage ultrashort pulses. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device, measurement circuit and measurement method to solve the problem that the existing electromagnetic pulse measurement methods cannot guarantee the measurement accuracy when measuring high voltage ultra-short pulses.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device, comprising:

[0007] An outer conductor, which is cylindrical in shape, has its outer side wall grounded.

[0008] A coupling electrode plate, wherein a thin film dielectric is disposed on one side of the coupling electrode plate, and the thin film dielectric is connected to the inner sidewall of the outer conductor;

[0009] A matching resistor is disposed outside the outer conductor, and one end of the matching resistor is grounded;

[0010] A cable assembly, one end of which passes through the outer conductor and the thin-film dielectric and is electrically connected to the coupling electrode plate, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the other end of the matching resistor; and

[0011] A center conductor is suspended inside the outer conductor and coaxially arranged with the outer conductor. The center conductor is used to connect the load and the electromagnetic pulse source respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, an insulating filler is provided between the inner walls of the central conductor and the outer conductor.

[0013] Furthermore, the cable assembly includes a cable connector and a coaxial cable;

[0014] The cable connector is installed on the outer side wall of the outer conductor. An inner electrode is provided inside the cable connector. One end of the inner electrode passes through the outer conductor and the thin film dielectric and is electrically connected to the coupling electrode plate. The other end of the inner electrode is connected to the other end of the matching resistor via the coaxial cable.

[0015] Furthermore, the coupling electrode plate is disposed in the middle of the outer conductor, and the cable assembly is disposed opposite the coupling electrode plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the central conductor is a copper pillar or a stainless steel pillar.

[0017] Furthermore, the matching resistor is configured to have a resistance value that matches the impedance of the cable assembly.

[0018] A measurement circuit includes an integrator, a data acquisition module, and a non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0019] The non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device is connected to the input terminal of the integrator via a cable assembly, and the output terminal of the integrator is connected to the data acquisition module.

[0020] Furthermore, the integrator is either a passive integrator or an active integrator.

[0021] A measurement method applied to the measurement circuit described above, the method comprising the steps of:

[0022] An electromagnetic pulse current is input to the central conductor and transmitted to the load through the central conductor;

[0023] Measurement data in response to the electromagnetic pulse current are obtained using a non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device.

[0024] The measurement data is integrated using an integrator and then sent to the data acquisition module.

[0025] Furthermore, the step of obtaining measurement data in response to the electromagnetic pulse current using a non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device includes:

[0026] A first coupling capacitor is formed by coupling the coupling electrode plate to the central conductor;

[0027] A second coupling capacitor is formed by coupling the coupling electrode plate to the inner wall of the outer conductor;

[0028] The measurement data is obtained by using the output voltages of the first coupling capacitor and the second coupling capacitor.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This application employs a coaxially arranged central conductor and outer conductor, with a coupling electrode plate disposed within the outer conductor. A coupling capacitor is formed between the coupling electrode plate and the central conductor, and another coupling capacitor is formed between the coupling electrode plate and the inner sidewall of the outer conductor. The coupling capacitors respond to the electromagnetic pulse current flowing through the central conductor, generating voltage measurement data. This measurement data is then output via a cable assembly to an integrator for integration before being sent to a data acquisition module. Therefore, this application employs a non-invasive measurement method, resulting in a simple and low-cost device. It also eliminates the impact of invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement methods on the measurement signal, achieving non-destructive measurement of high-voltage electromagnetic pulses and thus ensuring measurement accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the measurement circuit according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is an equivalent circuit diagram of the measurement circuit in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a first flowchart of the measurement method according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a second flowchart of the measurement method according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0035] Label Explanation:

[0036] 10. Non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device; 100. Outer conductor; 200. Center conductor; 300. Coupled electrode plate; 310. Thin film dielectric; 400. Cable assembly; 410. Cable connector; 411. Inner electrode; 420. Coaxial cable; 20. Integrator; 30. Data acquisition module; 40. Electromagnetic pulse source; 50. Load. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To explain in detail the technical content, objectives, and effects of the present invention, the following description is provided in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] This embodiment provides a non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device 10, which is used to measure electromagnetic pulses.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 1 The non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device 10 includes a center conductor 200, an outer conductor 100, a coupling electrode plate 300, and a cable assembly 400. The outer conductor 100 is cylindrical, and its outer side wall is grounded. A thin-film dielectric 310 is disposed on one side of the coupling electrode plate 300, and the thin-film dielectric 310 is connected to the inner side wall of the outer conductor 100. The matching resistor R... m The matching resistor R is disposed outside the outer conductor 100. m One end of the cable assembly 400 is grounded. One end of the cable assembly 400 passes through the outer conductor 100 and the thin film dielectric 310, and is electrically connected to the coupling electrode plate 300. The other end of the cable assembly 400 is connected to the matching resistor R. m The other end is electrically connected. The center conductor 200 is suspended inside the outer conductor 100 and is coaxially arranged with the outer conductor 100. The center conductor 200 is used to connect the load and the electromagnetic pulse source respectively.

[0041] The working principle of the non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device 10 in this embodiment is as follows: the center conductor 200 is inserted inside the outer conductor 100, the electromagnetic pulse source is electrically connected to one end of the center conductor 200, and the other end of the center conductor 200 is electrically connected to the load. During measurement, the electromagnetic pulse source 40 is powered to provide an electromagnetic pulse current. A first coupling capacitor C1 is formed between the coupling electrode plate 300, which is located on the inner wall of the outer conductor 100, and the center conductor 200. At the same time, a second coupling capacitor C2 is formed between the coupling electrode plate 300 and the inner wall of the outer conductor 100. The first coupling capacitor C1 and the second coupling capacitor C2 generate voltage measurement data in response to the electromagnetic pulse current of the center conductor 200. The measurement data is output to the integrator via the cable assembly 400 for integration, and then sent to the data acquisition module. The data acquisition module analyzes the acquired data to obtain relevant parameters of the electromagnetic pulse current, such as pulse width, pulse rise time, pulse fall time, and pulse amplitude. Among them, the matching resistor R... m Impedance matching is performed on the measuring device.

[0042] Understandably, this embodiment employs a non-invasive detection method, resulting in a simple and low-cost device. It also addresses the impact of invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement methods on the measurement signal, achieving non-destructive measurement of high-voltage electromagnetic pulses and thus ensuring measurement accuracy. Specifically, both ends of the central conductor 200 are independently equipped with cables and cable connectors for connecting the electromagnetic pulse source and the load.

[0043] Optionally, an insulating filler is provided between the inner walls of the center conductor 200 and the outer conductor 100. Exemplarily, the insulating filler can be air, insulating oil, or polyethylene, etc. It is understood that providing an insulating filler between the center conductor 200 and the outer conductor 100 helps to prevent electrical contact between them.

[0044] Optionally, the cable assembly 400 includes a cable connector 410 and a coaxial cable 420. The cable connector 410 is mounted on the outer wall of the outer conductor 100. An inner electrode 411 is disposed inside the cable connector 410. One end of the inner electrode 411 passes through the outer conductor 100 and the thin film dielectric 310 and is electrically connected to the coupling electrode plate 300. The other end of the inner electrode 411 is connected to the matching resistor R via the coaxial cable 420. m The other end is connected.

[0045] In this embodiment, both the outer conductor 100 and the thin-film dielectric 310 are provided with through holes. The inner electrode 411 of the cable connector 410 passes through the through holes and is welded to the coupling electrode plate 300, so that the coupling electrode plate 300 is fixed to the inner sidewall of the outer conductor 100. A thin-film dielectric 310 is disposed between the coupling electrode plate 300 and the inner sidewall of the outer conductor 100. The thin-film dielectric 310 is made of a high dielectric constant insulating and voltage-resistant material. Exemplarily, the thin-film dielectric 310 can be formed on the surface of the coupling electrode plate 300 by deposition, or an existing thin film can be pasted onto the surface of the coupling electrode plate 300. It is understood that the use of a high dielectric constant thin-film dielectric 310 in this embodiment can increase the capacitance value of the second coupling capacitor C2.

[0046] Please continue to refer to Figure 1 Optionally, the coupling electrode plate 300 is disposed in the middle of the outer conductor 100, and the cable assembly 400 is disposed opposite the coupling electrode plate 300. It is understood that having both the cable connector 410 of the cable assembly 400 and the coupling electrode plate 300 disposed in the middle of the outer conductor 100 is beneficial for optimizing the overall structure of the measuring device. Furthermore, the outer electrode of the cable connector 410 and the outer conductor 100 share a common ground.

[0047] Optionally, the center conductor 200 has a cylindrical structure; exemplaryly, the center conductor 200 is a copper or stainless steel pillar. In other embodiments, the center conductor 200 may be made of other conductive materials, which are not limited here.

[0048] Specifically, the matching resistor R m It is configured to have a resistance value that matches the impedance of the cable assembly 400. Understandably, this embodiment sets a matching resistor R. m Impedance matching is performed using a matching resistor R. mThe resistance value is consistent with the characteristic impedance of the measuring device and the impedance of the connected cable assembly 400, with a typical value of 50Ω.

[0049] Specifically, the capacitance C formed by the center conductor 200 and the outer conductor 100 must meet the following conditions:

[0050]

[0051] Where b is the inner diameter of the outer conductor 100, a is the diameter of the center conductor 200, and ε r1 ε0 is the relative permittivity of the material between the center conductor 200 and the outer conductor 100, and ε0 is the vacuum permittivity.

[0052] The inductance L of the center conductor 200 must meet the following conditions:

[0053]

[0054] Where μ is the magnetic permeability.

[0055] The characteristic impedance Z of the electromagnetic pulse measuring device satisfies the following condition:

[0056]

[0057] The characteristic impedance Z of the electromagnetic pulse measuring device must be consistent with the impedance of its connected cable, with a typical value of 50Ω.

[0058] A coupling capacitor C1 is formed between the central conductor 200 and the coupling electrode plate 300. C1 is a function of the capacitance C and the area S of the coupling electrode plate 300, satisfying C1 = f(C, S).

[0059] The coupling electrode plate 300 and the inner wall of the outer conductor 100 form a coupling capacitor C2, which satisfies the following condition:

[0060]

[0061] Where, ε r2 d is the relative permittivity of the thin film medium 310 between the coupling electrode plate 300 and the inner wall of the outer conductor 100, and d is the distance between the coupling electrode plate 300 and the inner wall of the outer conductor 100.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3This embodiment provides a measurement circuit, including an integrator 20, a data acquisition module 30, and a non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device 10 as described in Embodiment 1. The non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device 10 is connected to the input terminal of the integrator 20 via the cable assembly 400, and the output terminal of the integrator 20 is connected to the data acquisition module 30.

[0064] The working principle of the measurement circuit in this embodiment is as follows: The non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device 10 measures the electromagnetic pulse current. In response to the electromagnetic pulse current flowing through the central conductor 200, the non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device 10 sends measurement data to the integrator 20. The integrator 20 integrates the measurement data and sends it to the data acquisition module 30. The data acquisition module 30 acquires the signal output by the integrator 20 and processes it. For example, the data acquisition module 30 can be connected to an oscilloscope and a computer to display the acquired measurement data on the oscilloscope, or it can be converted into a digital signal and transmitted to the computer for data storage or other computational processing; no limitation is imposed here.

[0065] Please refer to Figure 3 As can be understood, the equivalent circuit of the measurement circuit in this embodiment includes an electromagnetic pulse signal source, a first coupling capacitor C1, a second coupling capacitor C2, and a matching resistor R. m And an integrator 20, wherein the integrator 20 is a passive integrator 20 or an active integrator 20. Exemplarily, this embodiment uses a passive integrator 20, which includes: an integrator 20 resistor R. I Integrator 20 capacitor C I .

[0066] In the equivalent circuit of the measurement circuit, the positive terminal of the electromagnetic pulse signal source is connected to one end of the first coupling capacitor C1, and the negative terminal of the electromagnetic pulse signal source is grounded. The other end of the first coupling capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the second coupling capacitor C2, and the other end of the second coupling capacitor C2 is grounded. Matching resistor R... m One end is connected to the other end of the first coupling capacitor C1, one end of the second coupling capacitor C2, and the integrator resistor R, respectively. I One end, integrator resistor R I The other end is connected to the integrator capacitor C. I One end, integrator capacitor C I The other end is grounded.

[0067] In this embodiment, the integration time τ of integrator 20 satisfies the following condition:

[0068] τ=R I C I >>t p ;

[0069] Among them, t p It is the pulse width of the electromagnetic pulse current.

[0070] Furthermore, due to R I C I >>t p Then R I C I >>T;

[0071] Where T is the pulse period of the electromagnetic pulse current. Converting the period to angular frequency, we get...

[0072]

[0073] Furthermore, the impedance of the high-voltage section of the non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device 10 is:

[0074]

[0075] The impedance of the high-voltage section of the non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device 10 is:

[0076]

[0077] Furthermore, the output voltage of the non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measuring device 10 is V. o The input voltage of the non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measuring device 10 is V. i .

[0078] Therefore, the transfer function can be obtained as follows:

[0079]

[0080] When jωR m (C1+C2)<<1, the transfer function can be expressed as:

[0081]

[0082] When jωR m (C1+C2)>>1, the transfer function can be expressed as:

[0083]

[0084] It can be seen that the non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device 10 has both differential and self-integral characteristics across the entire frequency range.

[0085] Example 3

[0086] This embodiment provides a measurement method applied to the measurement circuit described in Embodiment 2.

[0087] Please refer to Figure 4 The method includes the following steps:

[0088] S10. Input an electromagnetic pulse current into the center conductor and transmit it to the load through the center conductor;

[0089] S20. Obtain measurement data in response to the electromagnetic pulse current using a non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device;

[0090] S30. The measurement data is integrated by an integrator and then sent to the data acquisition module.

[0091] Please refer to Figure 5 Specifically, step S20 includes:

[0092] S21. A first coupling capacitor is formed by coupling the coupling electrode plate to the central conductor;

[0093] S22. A second coupling capacitor is formed by coupling the coupling electrode plate to the inner wall of the outer conductor;

[0094] S23. Obtain the measurement data through the output voltage of the first coupling capacitor and the second coupling capacitor.

[0095] Understandably, this embodiment employs a non-invasive detection method to address the impact of invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement methods on the measurement signal, thereby achieving non-destructive measurement of high-voltage electromagnetic pulses and ensuring measurement accuracy.

[0096] Exemplarily, the connection process of each device in the measurement method is as follows: the electromagnetic pulse source 40 is connected to the center conductor 200 via a cable and feeds the center conductor 200 to provide an electromagnetic pulse current. The center conductor 200 is connected to the load 50 via a cable to transmit the electromagnetic pulse current to the load 50. The cable connector 410 is first connected to the matching resistor R. m Connected, matching resistor R m The resistor is configured to match the impedance of the cable, for example, a matching resistor R. m The resistance value is set to 50Ω. Cable connector 410 is then connected to integrator 20, which in turn is connected to data acquisition module 30.

[0097] In summary, the non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device, measurement circuit, and measurement method provided by this invention employ a coaxially arranged central conductor and outer conductor, with a coupling electrode plate disposed within the outer conductor. A coupling capacitor is formed between the coupling electrode plate and the central conductor, and another coupling capacitor is formed between the coupling electrode plate and the inner wall of the outer conductor. The coupling capacitors respond to the electromagnetic pulse current flowing through the central conductor, generating voltage measurement data. This measurement data is then output via a cable assembly to an integrator for integration before being sent to a data acquisition module. Therefore, this application employs a non-invasive measurement method, resulting in a simple and low-cost device that simultaneously addresses the impact of invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement methods on the measurement signal, achieving non-destructive measurement of high-voltage electromagnetic pulses and ensuring measurement accuracy. Furthermore, across the entire frequency range, the non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measurement device of this application exhibits both differential and self-integrating characteristics.

[0098] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent modifications made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measuring device, characterized in that, The application relates to a non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measuring device, which comprises the following components: an outer conductor in a cylindrical shape, the outer wall of the outer conductor being grounded; a coupling electrode plate, one side of the coupling electrode plate being provided with a thin film dielectric connected with the inner wall of the outer conductor; the outer conductor and the thin film dielectric are both provided with through holes, the inner electrode of a cable connector passes through the through holes and is welded with the coupling electrode plate, the coupling electrode plate is fixed on the inner wall of the outer conductor; the thin film dielectric is arranged between the coupling electrode plate and the inner wall of the outer conductor; the coupling electrode plate is arranged in the middle of the outer conductor, and the cable assembly is arranged opposite to the coupling electrode plate; a matching resistor arranged outside the outer conductor, one end of the matching resistor being grounded; a cable assembly, one end of the cable assembly passing through the outer conductor and the thin film dielectric and being electrically connected with the coupling electrode plate, the other end of the cable assembly being electrically connected with the other end of the matching resistor; and a central conductor suspended in the inner part of the outer conductor and coaxially arranged with the outer conductor, the central conductor being used for connecting a load and an electromagnetic pulse source respectively; the section capacitance (C) formed by the central conductor and the outer conductor needs to satisfy the following condition: a first coupling capacitance is formed between the central conductor and the coupling electrode plate, the first coupling capacitance being a function of the section capacitance and the area of the coupling electrode plate; wherein, D is the inner diameter of the outer conductor, Dc is the diameter of the center conductor, εr is the relative permittivity of the material between the center and outer conductors, ε0 is the vacuum permittivity; the cable assembly comprises a cable connector and a coaxial cable; the cable connector is arranged on the outer wall of the outer conductor, the inner part of the cable connector is provided with an inner electrode, one end of the inner electrode passes through the outer conductor and the thin film dielectric and is electrically connected with the coupling electrode plate, and the other end of the inner electrode is connected with the other end of the matching resistor through the coaxial cable. an insulating filler is arranged between the central conductor and the inner wall of the outer conductor.

2. The non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measuring device of claim 1, wherein, the central conductor is a copper column or a stainless steel column.

3. The non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measuring device of claim 1, wherein, the matching resistor is configured to have a resistance value consistent with the impedance of the cable assembly.

4. The non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measuring device of claim 1, wherein, The application further relates to a measuring circuit comprising an integrator, a data acquisition module and the non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measuring device according to any one of claims 1-4.

5. A measuring circuit, characterized by The non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measuring device is connected with the input end of the integrator through the cable assembly, and the output end of the integrator is connected with the data acquisition module. The integrator is a passive integrator or an active integrator.

6. The measurement circuit of claim 5, wherein, The application further relates to a method applied to the measuring circuit according to claim 5, the method comprising the following steps:

7. A method of measuring, characterized by, inputting an electromagnetic pulse current into the central conductor and transmitting the electromagnetic pulse current to a load through the central conductor; obtaining measuring data responding to the electromagnetic pulse current through the non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measuring device; sending the measuring data to the data acquisition module after the measuring data is integrated by the integrator. The step of obtaining the measuring data responding to the electromagnetic pulse current through the non-invasive electromagnetic pulse measuring device comprises the following steps:

8. The measurement method according to claim 7, characterized in that, forming a first coupling capacitance through the coupling of the coupling electrode plate and the central conductor; forming a second coupling capacitance through the coupling of the coupling electrode plate and the inner wall of the outer conductor; obtaining the measuring data through the output voltage of the first coupling capacitance and the second coupling capacitance. ​

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