Method and device for estimating a first arrival area along a receiving line, electronic equipment and medium

Abstract

This invention discloses a method, apparatus, electronic device, and medium for estimating the first arrival region along a receiver line. The method includes: reading shot gather seismic data records, which include multiple receiver lines; reading the receiver lines, calculating the number of scan samples on the receiver line based on the scan end time, and calculating the number of energy scans required on the receiver line based on the number of scan samples and a set sample interval; performing successive energy scans on each seismic data track along the timeline, and calculating the first arrival region index for each scan, wherein the starting sample for each scan is obtained according to the scan order and sample interval, and the ending sample for each scan is the last sample of a single seismic data track; finding the optimal scan based on the scan region index, and calculating the first arrival region corresponding to the optimal scan. This method accurately determines the first arrival region containing the first arrival, and quickly and accurately picks the first arrival of seismic data within an effective range.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of petroleum geophysical exploration, and more particularly to a first arrival region estimation method along a receiving line, a device, an electronic device and a medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] In seismic data processing, first arrival picking is the first key link requiring a large amount of manual interaction, and the quality of the first arrival result directly affects the effect and efficiency of static correction processing. In the existing mainstream commercial software, most of them need manual interaction to pick the first arrival region, and then enter the automatic first arrival picking link.

[0003] In the existing first arrival picking technology, most of them do not involve the selection of the first arrival region. However, in general, a seismic data contains several thousand sampling points, and it is very difficult to pick a first arrival sampling point from so many sampling points. When an appropriate first arrival region is selected, the first arrival is automatically picked from several hundred or even fewer sampling points, the calculation efficiency is greatly improved, and the accuracy of the first arrival picking is also guaranteed.

[0004] At present, more and more seismic data are collected, and at the same time, the geological characteristics of different work areas are diversified. Rapid and accurate determination of the first arrival region can greatly improve the effect and efficiency of the entire first arrival picking.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a first arrival region estimation method to rapidly and accurately estimate the first arrival region. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to propose a first arrival region estimation method along a receiving line, a device, an electronic device and a medium, to accurately determine the first arrival region containing the first arrival, and to rapidly and accurately pick the first arrival of the seismic data in an effective range.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, in a first aspect, the present application proposes a first arrival region estimation method along a receiving line, comprising:

[0008] Reading a shot gather seismic data record, the shot gather seismic data record comprising a plurality of receiving lines, each receiving line containing a plurality of seismic data;

[0009] Reading the receiving line, calculating the number of scanning sampling points on the receiving line according to the scanning end time of the receiving line, and calculating the number of times of energy scanning required on the receiving line according to the number of scanning sampling points and the set sampling point interval;

[0010] performing energy scanning on each trace of the receiving line in a time line direction, and calculating a first arrival area index of each scanning, wherein a starting sample point of each scanning is obtained according to an order of each scanning and the sample interval, and a terminal sample point of each scanning is the last sample point of the single trace of seismic data;

[0011] finding an optimal scanning according to the scanning area index, and calculating a first arrival area corresponding to the optimal scanning.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, which comprises:

[0013] at least one processor; and,

[0014] a memory in communication with the at least one processor; wherein,

[0015] the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the first arrival area estimation method along the receiving line.

[0016] In a third aspect, the present application provides a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the first arrival area estimation method along the receiving line.

[0017] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a first arrival area estimation device along the receiving line, which comprises:

[0018] a data reading module for reading shot gather seismic data records, the shot gather seismic data records comprising a plurality of receiving lines, and each receiving line comprising a plurality of traces of seismic data;

[0019] a scanning number calculation module for reading the receiving line, calculating a number of scanning sample points on the receiving line according to a scanning end time of the receiving line, and calculating a number of times of energy scanning required on the receiving line according to the number of scanning sample points and a set sample interval;

[0020] a first arrival area index calculation module for performing energy scanning on each trace of the receiving line in a time line direction, and calculating a first arrival area index of each scanning, wherein a starting sample point of each scanning is obtained according to an order of each scanning and the sample interval, and a terminal sample point of each scanning is the last sample point of the single trace of seismic data;

[0021] a first arrival area calculation module for finding an optimal scanning according to the scanning area index, and calculating a first arrival area corresponding to the optimal scanning.

[0022] The present application has the beneficial effects of:

[0023] The present application calculates the number of scanning samples on the receiving line according to the scanning end time of the receiving line by reading the receiving line, calculates the number of times of energy scanning required on the receiving line according to the number of scanning samples and the set sample interval, then performs successive energy scanning on each trace of seismic data on the receiving line along the time line direction, and calculates the first arrival area index of each scanning, then finds the optimal scanning according to the scanning area index, and calculates the first arrival area corresponding to the optimal scanning, so that the first arrival area containing the first arrival in the seismic data can be accurately determined, and the first arrival can be quickly and accurately picked up in the effective range.

[0024] The system of the present application has other characteristics and advantages, which will be apparent from or set forth in the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, which together serve to explain certain principles of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout the figures, and wherein:

[0026] Figure 1 A flow chart of a first arrival area estimation method along a receiving line according to the present application is shown.

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data in a first arrival area estimation method along a receiving line according to an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of scanning of the low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data shown in Figure 2

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the first arrival area obtained from the low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data shown in Figure 2 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] ​​For many years, the first arrival picking is one of the time-consuming and laborious links in seismic data processing. On the one hand, based on the development of acquisition technology, the acquisition range is wide, the acquisition data coverage times are high, and the acquisition data volume is huge. On the other hand, with the expansion of exploration range, the geological conditions are complex and diverse, and the quality of seismic data is different. Sometimes, the first arrival position cannot be distinguished by naked eye. In the face of this situation, one aspect is to improve the quality of data, and the other aspect is to reduce the range of the first arrival as much as possible, and to pick up the first arrival in the range.

[0031] The application provides a first arrival area estimation method along a receiving line, and the method comprises the following steps: reading a shot gather seismic data record, the shot gather seismic data record comprising a plurality of receiving lines, each receiving line comprising a plurality of seismic data channels; reading the receiving line, calculating the number of scanning sample points on the receiving line according to the scanning end time of the receiving line, and calculating the number of times of energy scanning required on the receiving line according to the number of scanning sample points and a set sample point interval.

[0032] The application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the preferred embodiments of the application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the application to those skilled in the art.

[0033] Embodiment 1

[0034] Figure 1 A step diagram of a first arrival area estimation method along a receiving line according to the application is shown.

[0035] As Figure 1 shown, a first arrival area estimation method along a receiving line comprises the following steps:

[0036] Step S101: reading a shot gather seismic data record, the shot gather seismic data record comprising a plurality of receiving lines, each receiving line comprising a plurality of seismic data channels;

[0037] Step S102: reading the receiving line, calculating the number of scanning sample points on the receiving line according to the scanning end time of the receiving line, and calculating the number of times of energy scanning required on the receiving line according to the number of scanning sample points and a set sample point interval;

[0038] Specifically, the scanning end time of the receiving line is calculated by the following formula:

[0039] t i =minOff i / v

[0040] Wherein, t i is the scanning end time of the i-th receiving line, minOff i represents the absolute value of the minimum offset of the i-th receiving line, and v is the replacement velocity of the work area.

[0041] The scanning end time is converted into the number of scanning samples by the following formula:

[0042] s i = t i / st

[0043] Wherein, s i is the number of scanning samples, and st represents the sampling time interval.

[0044] The number of energy scans on the receiving line is calculated by the following formula:

[0045]

[0046] Wherein, N i is the number of energy scans on the i-th receiving line, s i is the number of scanning samples, and m is the number of samples interval for each energy scan.

[0047] Step S103: sequentially energy scanning each trace of seismic data on the receiving line along the time line direction, and calculating the first arrival area index of each scan, wherein the starting sample of each scan is obtained according to the order of each scan and the sample interval, and the ending sample of each scan is the last sample of single trace seismic data.

[0048] This step specifically includes the following steps:

[0049] Step S201: according to the upper limit of the underground medium velocity, dividing the upper limit of the underground medium velocity into multiple velocity intervals according to the set velocity interval;

[0050] Step S202: calculating the velocity of each sample participating in energy scanning in each energy scan, and placing each sample into the corresponding velocity interval according to the velocity of each sample;

[0051] Wherein, the velocity of the sample is calculated by the following formula:

[0052] v t = off k / d kt

[0053] Wherein, 0ff k represents the absolute value of the offset of the k-th trace of seismic data, and d kt represents the time corresponding to the t-th sample of the k-th trace, in seconds.

[0054] Step S203: Calculate the energy within each velocity range to form multiple energy points;

[0055] Step S204: Calculate the energy change rate for each energy point and find the maximum energy change rate and its corresponding velocity in each scan;

[0056] The energy change rate is calculated using the following formula:

[0057]

[0058] in, Energy Point The rate of change of energy, For the j-th scan on the i-th receiving line with a speed of v x The energy of the energy point, For the j-th scan on the i-th receiving line, the speed is v. y The energy of the energy point, d is the number of energy points involved in the calculation, j∈N i N i Let be the number of energy scans performed on the i-th receiver line.

[0059] Step S104: Find the optimal second scan based on the scan area index, and calculate the initial arrival area corresponding to the optimal second scan;

[0060] Specifically, calculating the initial arrival region corresponding to the optimal second scan includes:

[0061] The velocity corresponding to the largest of all the maximum energy change rates obtained in each scan is taken as the optimal energy scan velocity;

[0062] The first arrival zone of each seismic trace is calculated using the following formula [bs]. k es k ]:

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] Among them, bs k es k These are the starting and ending sample points of the first-arrival region in the k-th seismic trace, respectively, bs ij This represents the starting sample point of the j-th scan on the i-th receiving line. The j-th scan is the optimal scan. k v represents the absolute value of the shot-receiver distance of the k-th seismic trace. bestFor the optimal energy scanning speed, st represents a sampling interval, atipe represents a number of strip samples, and stipe∈[50, 100].

[0066] The method of the present application is further explained below through a specific example.

[0067] In the example, first, seismic data of a shot gather is input, for any receiving line, first, an absolute value of a minimum plane shot-receiver distance in the receiving line is calculated, and according to a replacement velocity of a work area, a scanning end time of the receiving line is calculated; then, starting from a starting position to the scanning end time position, energy scanning is performed on the seismic data every several sampling points, and a first arrival region determined by each scanning is calculated; finally, an optimal scanning first arrival region is determined according to an energy attribute, and is recorded as a first arrival region corresponding to the receiving line.

[0068] The intermediate process of the example mainly includes the following steps:

[0069] (1) For any receiving line, the number of scans required on the receiving line is calculated

[0070] The scanning end time t of a receiving line i = minOff i / v; wherein minOff i represents an absolute value of a minimum shot-receiver distance in a receiving line, which is obtained by traversing all shot-receiver distances; and v represents a replacement velocity of the work area. Therefore, for the i-th receiving line, the scanning time interval is recorded as [0, t i ], which is converted into sampling points in calculation for convenience, recorded as a scanning sampling point interval [0, s i ], and energy scanning is performed on the seismic data every m sampling points. s i = t i / st, wherein st represents a sampling interval; on the i-th receiving line, N scans are required to determine the final first arrival region.

[0071] (2) The first arrival region index of each scan is calculated

[0072] For the i-th receiving line, N i scans are required, and for the j-th scan, the following steps are mainly included:

[0073] (2.1) The starting sampling point bs ij of the j-th scan is calculated = m*j; wherein m represents that scanning is performed every m sampling points; and the ending sampling point es ij is recorded as the last sampling point in a single trace, wherein es represents the last sampling point in a single trace.

[0074] (2.2) Based on the premise that the velocity of the underground medium does not exceed 8000 m / s, with v interval =100 m / s. Divide the [0, 8000] range into multiple velocity intervals. For the k-th seismic trace, the number of sample points participating in the scan is denoted as d. k ={bs ij , ...,es ij For the t-th sample point, calculate the velocity v of that sample point. t =off k / d kt , of which off k d represents the absolute value of the shot-receiver distance of the k-th seismic trace. kt This represents the time corresponding to the t-th sample point in the k-th channel, in seconds. It is placed into the corresponding speed range according to the speed.

[0075] (2.3) Calculate the energy within each velocity range, denoted as . v x ∈[0, 8000], where n represents the number of velocity intervals; for any energy point The corresponding rate of energy change is denoted as Find the largest rate of change among all energy change rates and its corresponding speed d represents the number of energy points involved in the calculation; (to calculate the rate of change of a certain energy point, it is necessary to calculate the ratio of the energy ratio and the sum of the energy points within a certain range; d represents how many energy points are involved in the calculation, usually 10, and it represents the numerical value of the number of energy points).

[0076] (3) Find the most reasonable scan based on the scan area index and calculate its corresponding first arrival area.

[0077] Based on the above process, for the i-th receiving line, the maximum rate of change in the j-th scan is... The most reasonable scanning speed is denoted as v. best The speed corresponding to the highest energy conversion rate According to v best For the k-th path, its corresponding initial arrival region is denoted as [bs]. k es k ], Among them bs ij This represents the starting sample point of the j-th scan, which is also the optimal scan. k represents the absolute value of the shot-receiver distance of the k-th seismic trace, st represents the sampling interval, and stipe represents the number of strip samples, which is between [50, 100].

[0078] Furthermore, to verify the effectiveness of the method of the present invention, seismic data with a low signal-to-noise ratio was selected for testing, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the signal-to-noise ratio is very low, making it difficult to identify the initial arrival area.

[0079] like Figure 3 As shown, using the method of this embodiment, the number of scans of the receiving line is first calculated, and then the line is slid-scanned point by point along the time direction.

[0080] like Figure 4 As shown, the correct first arrival area (diagonal strip area) was finally determined. Picking the first arrival within the shown area will greatly ensure accuracy.

[0081] In summary, the first arrival region estimation method along the receiving line of the present invention can determine the first arrival region completely automatically, eliminating the need for user interaction to pick up PMO speed and other operations; the present invention uses the receiving line as a unit and adopts a point-by-point sliding scan along the time direction to determine the optimal first arrival region.

[0082] Furthermore, the method of this invention has been used to test and apply seismic data from over one million shots. Even for data with extremely low signal-to-noise ratios, this method can efficiently and accurately calculate the first arrival region without any manual interaction, thus achieving a highly efficient and automated first arrival region determination function and greatly improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the first arrival picking results.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] This embodiment proposes a first-arrival region estimation device along a receiving line corresponding to Embodiment 1. The device includes:

[0085] The data reading module is used to read the shot gather seismic data record, which includes multiple receiving lines, and each receiving line contains multiple seismic data channels;

[0086] The scan count calculation module is used to read the receiving line, calculate the number of scan samples on the receiving line based on the scan end time of the receiving line, and calculate the number of energy scans required on the receiving line based on the number of scan samples and the set sample interval.

[0087] The first arrival region index calculation module is used to perform successive energy scans of each seismic data on the receiving line along the time line and calculate the first arrival region index for each scan. The starting sample point for each scan is obtained according to the order of each scan and the sample point interval, and the ending sample point for each scan is the last sample point of the single-channel seismic data.

[0088] The initial arrival region calculation module is used to find the optimal second scan based on the scan region index and calculate the initial arrival region corresponding to the optimal second scan.

[0089] The working process and calculation method of each module in this embodiment are the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0090] Example 3

[0091] An electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

[0092] At least one processor; and,

[0093] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0094] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the first arrival area estimation method along the receiving line as described in Embodiment 1.

[0095] An electronic device according to embodiments of the present disclosure includes a memory and a processor. The memory is used to store non-transitory computer-readable instructions. Specifically, the memory may include one or more computer program products, which may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may, for example, include random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory. The non-volatile memory may, for example, include read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc.

[0096] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other form of processing unit with data processing capabilities and / or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. In one embodiment of this disclosure, the processor is used to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory.

[0097] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in order to solve the technical problem of how to achieve a good user experience, this embodiment may also include well-known structures such as communication buses and interfaces, and these well-known structures should also be included within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0098] For a detailed description of this embodiment, please refer to the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0099] Example 4

[0100] A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the first arrival region estimation method along the receiving line described in Embodiment 1.

[0101] A computer-readable storage medium according to embodiments of the present disclosure stores non-transitory computer-readable instructions. When these non-transitory computer-readable instructions are executed by a processor, all or part of the steps of the methods described in the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are performed.

[0102] The aforementioned computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to: optical storage media (e.g., CD-ROM and DVD), magneto-optical storage media (e.g., MOS), magnetic storage media (e.g., magnetic tape or portable hard drive), media with built-in rewritable non-volatile memory (e.g., memory card), and media with built-in ROM (e.g., ROM cartridge).

[0103] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for estimating the first arrival region along a receiving line, characterized in that, include: Read the shot gather seismic data record, which includes multiple receiver lines, each containing multiple seismic data channels; Read the receiving line, calculate the number of scan samples on the receiving line based on the scan end time of the receiving line, and calculate the number of energy scans required on the receiving line based on the number of scan samples and the set sample interval; Each seismic data track on the receiving line is scanned sequentially along the timeline, and the first arrival region index of each scan is calculated. The starting sample point of each scan is obtained according to the order of each scan and the sample point interval, and the ending sample point of each scan is the last sample point of the single-track seismic data. The optimal second scan is found based on the scan area index, and the initial arrival area corresponding to the optimal second scan is calculated.

2. The method for estimating the first arrival region along the receiving line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of calculating the number of scan samples on the receiving line based on the scanning end time of the receiving line includes: The scan end time of the receiving line is calculated using the following formula: t i =minOff i / v Among them, t i MinOff is the scan end time of the i-th receiving line. i It represents the absolute value of the minimum shot-receiver distance in the i-th receiving line, and v is the replacement speed of this work area; The scan end time is converted into the number of scanned samples using the following formula: s i =t i / st Among them, s i The number of scanned samples is represented by 'st', and the sampling time interval is represented by 'st'.

3. The method for estimating the first arrival region along the receiving line according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of calculating the number of energy scans required on the receiving line based on the number of scanned samples and the set sample interval includes: The number of energy scans performed on the receiving line is calculated using the following formula: Where, N i s is the number of energy scans performed on the i-th receiver line. i denoted by , where m is the number of scan points, and m is the number of scan points between each energy scan.

4. The method for estimating the first arrival region along the receiving line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the initial arrival region index for each scan includes: Based on the upper limit of underground medium velocity, the upper limit of underground medium velocity is divided into multiple velocity intervals according to a set velocity interval; Calculate the velocity of each sample point participating in each energy scan, and place each sample point into its corresponding velocity range according to its velocity. Calculate the energy within each velocity range to form multiple energy points; Calculate the rate of energy change for each energy point, and find the maximum rate of energy change and its corresponding velocity in each scan.

5. The method for estimating the first arrival region along the receiving line according to claim 4, characterized in that, The velocity of the sample point is calculated using the following formula: v t =off k / d kt Among them, off k d represents the absolute value of the shot-receiver distance of the k-th seismic trace. kt This represents the time corresponding to the t-th sample point in the k-th channel, in seconds.

6. The method for estimating the first arrival region along the receiving line according to claim 5, characterized in that, The rate of energy change is calculated using the following formula: in, Energy Point The rate of change of energy, For the j-th scan on the i-th receiving line with a speed of v x The energy of the energy point, For the j-th scan on the i-th receiving line, the speed is v. y The energy of the energy point, d is the number of energy points involved in the calculation, j∈N i N i Let be the number of energy scans performed on the i-th receiver line.

7. The method for estimating the first arrival region along the receiving line according to claim 6, characterized in that, The calculation of the initial arrival region corresponding to the optimal scan includes: The velocity corresponding to the largest of all the maximum energy change rates obtained in each scan is taken as the optimal energy scan velocity; The first arrival zone of each seismic trace is calculated using the following formula [bs]. k es k ]: Among them, bs k es k These are the starting and ending sample points of the first-arrival region in the k-th seismic trace, respectively, bs ij This represents the starting sample point of the j-th scan on the i-th receiving line. The j-th scan is the optimal scan. k v represents the absolute value of the shot-receiver distance of the k-th seismic trace. best The optimal energy scanning speed is given by st, where st represents the sampling interval, stipe represents the number of strip samples, and stipe ∈ [50, 100].

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: At least one processor; and, A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, which, when executed, enables the at least one processor to perform the first arrival area estimation method along the receiving line as described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the first arrival region estimation method along the receiving line as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A device for estimating the initial arrival region along a receiving line, characterized in that, include: The data reading module is used to read the shot gather seismic data record, which includes multiple receiving lines, and each receiving line contains multiple seismic data channels; The scan count calculation module is used to read the receiving line, calculate the number of scan samples on the receiving line based on the scan end time of the receiving line, and calculate the number of energy scans required on the receiving line based on the number of scan samples and the set sample interval. The first arrival region index calculation module is used to perform successive energy scans of each seismic data on the receiving line along the time line and calculate the first arrival region index for each scan. The starting sample point for each scan is obtained according to the order of each scan and the sample point interval, and the ending sample point for each scan is the last sample point of the single-channel seismic data. The initial arrival region calculation module is used to find the optimal second scan based on the scan region index and calculate the initial arrival region corresponding to the optimal second scan.

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