Experimental device and experimental method for measuring water weakening effect of structural plane

Abstract

The application provides an experimental device and experimental method for measuring water weakening effect of structural plane, and the experimental device for measuring water weakening effect of structural plane comprises a shearing assembly, a water storage tank, a pusher, a controller and a rack, the shearing assembly comprises a lower box body and an upper box body; the pusher is connected to one side of the lower box body; the rack is connected with the upper box body through a telescopic limiting rod; a plurality of positioning holes are arranged on the rack, and the upper end of the telescopic limiting rod is clamped in one of the positioning holes to change the force angle of the telescopic limiting rod on the upper box body. The experimental device for measuring water weakening effect of structural plane provided by the application uses the pusher to apply a pushing force on the lower box body, the telescopic limiting rod is hinged above the upper box body, different force angles of the upper box body can be formed, the water storage tank supplies water to the upper box body through a water supply pipe to simulate seepage conditions, and the shearing of the rock sample under the influence of seepage conditions in a natural state is simulated, thereby providing theoretical support for the stability analysis of fractured rock mass considering seepage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of structural surface water-weakening effect test, and more specifically, relates to an experimental device and an experimental method for measuring the structural surface water-weakening effect. Background Art

[0002] As projects such as energy extraction, hydropower development, and tunnel construction progress deeper underground, complex rock mass engineering often becomes necessary. Construction inevitably involves crossing faults or structural planes in the rock mass, resulting in significant heterogeneity and discontinuity in the host medium. The presence of structural planes weakens the rock mass to a certain extent, and the flow of fluids within these planes exacerbates this effect. Therefore, to ensure the structural safety of the project, it is essential to accurately analyze the weakening effect of water on these planes.

[0003] Experimental analysis of the weakening patterns of fractured rock masses under water-bearing conditions is an important method for studying the water-weakening effects of structural surfaces. Existing techniques often test the strength of rock samples under seepage conditions through uniaxial or triaxial compression tests. However, these devices cannot directly measure the weakening effect of water flow (flow rate, pressure) on structural surfaces. This effect, which involves rock mass strength parameters (internal friction coefficient and cohesion), has a crucial influence on engineering stability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an experimental device and experimental method for measuring the water-weakening effect of structural surfaces, simulating the characteristics of fractured rock mass under natural stress conditions and completing the shearing of rock samples under seepage conditions, so as to facilitate real-time measurement and calculation of the structural surface cohesion and internal friction coefficient of the rock samples.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide an experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of a structural surface, comprising:

[0006] The shear assembly includes a lower box body and an upper box body located above the lower box body, wherein the openings of the upper box body and the lower box body are arranged opposite to each other and can enclose a receiving chamber for receiving the rock sample;

[0007] A water storage tank is connected to one side of the upper box body through a water supply pipe and is used to supply water to the accommodating cavity. A water outlet pipe is provided on the other side of the lower box body.

[0008] A pusher is connected to the side of the lower box body provided with a water tank and is used to apply a horizontal thrust to the lower box body. The pusher is provided with a dynamometer for monitoring the thrust parameters of the pusher and a horizontal displacement meter for monitoring the displacement parameters of the lower box body.

[0009] A controller is electrically connected to the dynamometer and the horizontal displacement meter, and is used to receive thrust parameters and displacement parameters;

[0010] The frame is arranged above the upper box body and is connected to the upper box body through a telescopic limit rod;

[0011] Among them, the lower end of the telescopic limit rod is hingedly connected to the upper box body, and the upper end is slidably connected to the frame along the pushing direction of the pusher. The frame is provided with a number of positioning holes arranged at intervals along the sliding direction of the telescopic limit rod. The upper end of the telescopic limit rod can extend outward and be clamped in one of the positioning holes to change the force angle of the telescopic limit rod on the upper box body.

[0012] In a possible implementation, it also includes a supporting seat supported at the bottom of the lower box body, a roller is rotatably connected to the bottom of the supporting seat, and the supporting seat is provided with an embedding groove with an opening upward for the bottom of the lower box body to be embedded, and the embedding groove is horizontally penetrated, and the penetration direction is perpendicular to the pushing direction of the pusher.

[0013] In some embodiments, a hinged base is provided on the top surface of the upper box body, and a hinged upper seat is provided at the lower end of the telescopic limit rod, which is hingedly connected to the hinged base. A force meter is provided between the hinged upper seat and the hinged base. The force meter is electrically connected to the controller and is used to detect the pressure parameters of the telescopic limit rod on the upper box body and send the pressure parameters to the controller.

[0014] In one possible implementation, a pressure component capable of elastically pushing the rock sample is connected to the inner wall of the accommodating cavity, and the pressure component includes:

[0015] The connecting plate has an adjusting rod on one side thereof which is arranged horizontally through the side wall of the accommodating cavity and is used to adjust the position of the connecting plate;

[0016] an elastic member connected to the other side surface of the connecting plate and extending horizontally toward a side away from the connecting plate;

[0017] The limiting plate is connected to the extended end of the elastic member and is used to abut against the side wall of the rock sample to limit the rock sample. The outer periphery of the limiting plate is provided with a sealing ring for sealing with the inner wall of the accommodating cavity.

[0018] In some embodiments, a group of pressure components are respectively provided on the side walls of the lower box body and the upper box body close to the water outlet pipe, and a group of pressure components is also provided on the top wall of the upper box body.

[0019] In one possible implementation, a reference seat is further provided on the side of the shearing assembly away from the water tank, and a detection assembly is provided on the reference seat and abuts against the side wall of the lower box body, and the detection assembly includes:

[0020] An extension seat is connected to the base seat and extends horizontally toward a side close to the lower box body, with the extension direction of the extension seat being perpendicular to the corresponding side wall of the lower box body;

[0021] A fixed plate is disposed in the extension seat, and the plate surface is disposed perpendicular to the extension direction of the extension seat;

[0022] An elastic telescopic member is connected to the fixed plate and extends horizontally toward a side close to the lower box body;

[0023] The telescopic plate is connected to the outwardly extending end of the elastic telescopic member and is used to abut against the side wall of the lower box body;

[0024] The sensing element is arranged in the extension seat and adjacent to the fixed plate. The sensing element is electrically connected to the controller and is used for monitoring the movement parameters of the fixed plate and sending the movement parameters to the controller.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of a structural surface also includes a particle collecting tube connected to the outer end of a water outlet pipe, and the particle collecting tube is connected to a water storage tank through a return pipe; a vertically arranged filter screen is provided in the particle collecting tube, the water outlet pipe is connected to the upper part of one side of the particle collecting tube, and the return pipe is connected to the lower part of the other side of the particle collecting tube.

[0026] In some embodiments, the water supply pipe is provided with an inlet valve, a flow meter and a water pressure sensor located between the inlet valve and the flow meter. The inlet valve is set close to the water tank, the outlet pipe is provided with an outlet valve, and the return pipe is provided with a water pump.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of the structural surface also includes a latex membrane for being sleeved on the periphery of the rock sample. Two water supply pipes are provided, and the two water supply pipes and the water outlet pipe are respectively connected to the interior of the latex membrane, and the water supply pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively located on the two opposite side walls of the latex membrane. The other two side walls of the latex membrane are respectively provided with water pressure measuring instruments for detecting the internal water pressure parameters of the rock sample. The water pressure measuring instruments are electrically connected to the controller for sending the water pressure parameters to the controller.

[0028] The present invention also provides an experimental method for measuring the water weakening effect of a structural surface, comprising the following steps:

[0029] S100: Prepare several rock samples;

[0030] S200: Connecting the water storage tank and the lower box body with a water supply pipe, connecting the lower box body and the particle collection cylinder with a water outlet pipe, and connecting the particle collection cylinder and the water storage tank with a water return pipe;

[0031] S300: Install the lower box to the top of the support base, install the upper box to the top of the lower box, and connect the rack and the upper box through the telescopic limit rod;

[0032] S400: Test the sealing between the upper and lower boxes, and the connection sealing of the water supply pipe, water outlet pipe and water return pipe;

[0033] S500: Install one of the rock samples into the holding cavity, and supply water to the lower box through the water supply pipe to apply a driving force to the lower box to complete the water weakening effect experiment on the structural surface;

[0034] S600: Repeat the experimental step S500 to conduct structural surface water weakening effect experiments on other rock samples in sequence;

[0035] S700: experimental data recording and processing;

[0036] S800: After the experiment is completed, shut down, unload the rock sample, drain the water in the water tank, water supply pipe, water outlet pipe and return pipe, and clean the shear assembly and particle collection cylinder.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the scheme shown in the embodiment of the present application is an experimental device for measuring the water-weakening effect of structural surfaces provided by the embodiment of the present application. The upper box and the lower box form a holding cavity for accommodating rock samples, and a pusher is used to apply a pushing force to the lower box. The telescopic limit rod is hinged on the top of the upper box, which can form a force application state at different angles to the upper box. The above structure can simulate the stress state of the fractured rock mass in the natural state, and the water storage tank supplies water to the upper box through the water supply pipe to realize the simulation of the seepage condition, so as to simulate the shear of the rock sample affected by the seepage condition in the natural state, facilitate the real simulation of the external state of the rock mass, improve the accuracy of the rock sample detection parameters, and can obtain relevant parameters in real time, and obtain the structural surface cohesion and internal friction coefficient, providing theoretical support for the stability analysis of the fractured rock mass considering seepage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of a structural surface provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 For the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 Structural diagram from another angle;

[0041] Figure 3 For the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle and lower box and the pressure component;

[0042] Figure 4 For the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the top view and cross-section of the middle rock sample, latex membrane, abutment assembly and upper box;

[0043] Figure 5 For the embodiment of the present invention Figure 4 A bottom-up structural diagram of the middle upper box and the pressure component;

[0044] Figure 6 For the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the monitoring component;

[0045] Figure 7 For the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the medium particle collection cylinder;

[0046] Figure 8 For the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the force analysis of the middle telescopic limit rod.

[0047] Among them, the reference numerals in the figures are:

[0048] 1. Shear assembly; 11. Lower box; 12. Upper box; 13. Telescopic limit rod; 14. Support seat; 15. Roller; 16. Mounting slot; 17. Articulated base; 18. Articulated upper seat; 19. Extension; 2. Water tank; 21. Water supply pipe; 22. Water inlet valve; 23. Flow meter; 24. Water pressure sensor; 3. Reference seat; 4. Pusher; 41. Dynamometer; 42. Horizontal displacement meter; 5. Detection assembly; 51. Extension seat; 52 , fixing plate; 53, elastic telescopic part; 54, telescopic plate; 55, sensing element; 6, frame; 61, positioning hole; 62, controller; 7, pressure component; 71, connecting plate; 72, elastic part; 73, limit plate; 74, adjusting rod; 75, sealing ring; 8, particle collection cylinder; 81, water outlet pipe; 82, return pipe; 83, filter screen; 84, water outlet valve; 85, water pump; 9, latex membrane; 91, water pressure measuring instrument; 92, rock sample. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0050] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "several" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0051] Please also refer to Figures 1 to 8 The experimental device and experimental method for measuring the water weakening effect of a structural surface provided by the present invention are now described. The experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of a structural surface comprises a shearing assembly 1, a water storage tank 2, a pusher 4, a controller 62 and a frame 6. The shearing assembly 1 comprises a lower box body 11 and an upper box body 12 located above the lower box body 11. The openings of the upper box body 12 and the lower box body 11 are arranged opposite to each other and can enclose a receiving cavity for receiving a rock sample 92. The water storage tank 2 is connected to one side of the upper box body 12 through a water supply pipe 21 for supplying water to the receiving cavity. A water outlet pipe 81 is provided on the other side of the lower box body 11. The pusher 4 is connected to the lower box body 11. The lower housing 11 is connected to a side of the water tank 2 and is used to apply horizontal thrust to the lower housing 11. The pusher 4 is provided with a dynamometer 41 for monitoring the thrust parameters of the pusher 4 and a horizontal displacement meter 42 for monitoring the displacement parameters of the lower housing 11. The controller 62 is electrically connected to the dynamometer 41 and the horizontal displacement meter 42, respectively, and is used to receive the thrust parameters and the displacement parameters. The frame 6 is provided above the upper housing 12 and is connected to the upper housing 12 via a telescopic limit rod 13.

[0052] Among them, the lower end of the telescopic limit rod 13 is hingedly connected to the upper box body 12, and the upper end is slidingly connected to the frame 6 along the pushing direction of the pusher 4. The frame 6 is provided with a plurality of positioning holes 61 arranged at intervals along the sliding direction of the telescopic limit rod 13. The upper end of the telescopic limit rod 13 can extend outward and be clamped in one of the positioning holes 61 to change the force angle of the telescopic limit rod 13 on the upper box body 12.

[0053] It should be noted that the experimental device for measuring the water-weakening effect of structural surfaces, while fully accounting for the water-rock coupling effect, can simulate the stress state of fractured rock masses under natural conditions and perform shearing of rock sample 92 under seepage conditions. This device can measure various parameters of rock sample 92 in real time and calculate the cohesion and internal friction coefficient of its structural surfaces, providing theoretical support for the stability analysis of fractured rock masses with seepage considerations.

[0054] The experimental device for measuring the water-weakening effect of structural surfaces provided in this embodiment is compared with the prior art. The upper box body 12 and the lower box body 11 form a accommodating cavity for accommodating the rock sample 92. The pusher 4 is used to apply a pushing force to the lower box body 11. The telescopic limit rod 13 is hinged above the upper box body 12, which can form a force application state at different angles to the upper box body 12. The above structure can simulate the stress state of the fractured rock mass in the natural state, and realize the simulation of the seepage condition through the setting of the water storage tank 2 to simulate the shear of the rock sample 92 affected by the seepage condition in the natural state, so as to facilitate the real simulation of the external state of the rock mass, improve the accuracy of the detection parameters of the rock sample 92, obtain relevant parameters in real time, and obtain the structural surface cohesion and internal friction coefficient, providing theoretical support for the stability analysis of the fractured rock mass considering seepage.

[0055] In this embodiment, water storage tank 2 supplies water to the chamber via a water supply pipe 21, while a water outlet pipe 81 is used to drain the water from the chamber. This ensures that the environment surrounding rock sample 92 closely resembles actual seepage conditions, facilitating a true reproduction of the rock sample 92's natural state. The water supply pipe 21 and water outlet pipe 81 are located on opposite sides of the shear assembly 1, aligning with the direction of water flow. Subsequently, a thruster 4 is used to apply a thrust to the lower housing 11. The displacement and thrust parameters of the lower housing 11 are monitored, and the structural surface cohesion and internal friction coefficient of the rock sample 92 are calculated to ensure the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0056] Specifically, in order to avoid the gap between the upper box body 12 and the lower box body 11 affecting the internal tightness of the accommodating chamber, sealing components can be respectively provided at the lower edge of the upper box body 12 and the upper edge of the lower box body 11 to ensure that the interior of the accommodating chamber is in a sealed state and to avoid water leakage affecting the accuracy of the test results.

[0057] In addition, in order to avoid the influence of friction between the lower box 11 and the bottom surface or platform, a track, a walking trolley or other components that can reduce friction can be set under the lower box 11 to improve the authenticity of the data and the accuracy of the experiment.

[0058] On this basis, the upper box 12 is connected to the upper frame 6 via a telescopic limit rod 13. The lower end of the telescopic limit rod 13 is hingedly connected to the middle of the top surface of the upper box 12, and the upper end can be slidably connected to the frame 6 along the pushing direction of the pusher 4. The upper end of the telescopic limit rod 13 is clamped into the corresponding positioning hole 61 according to a preset angle, so that the telescopic limit rod 13 forms a preset angle θ with the vertical plane, which facilitates the simultaneous consideration of shear force and pressure, and can more accurately simulate the stress conditions of fractured rock mass in its natural state.

[0059] For some possible implementations, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of the structural surface also includes a supporting seat 14 supported under the lower box body 11, and a roller 15 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the supporting seat 14. The supporting seat 14 is provided with an embedding groove 16 with an opening facing upward for the bottom of the lower box body 11 to be embedded. The embedding groove 16 is horizontally penetrated, and the penetration direction is perpendicular to the pushing direction of the pusher 4.

[0060] In this embodiment, a supporting seat 14 is provided below the lower box body 11 , and rollers 15 below the supporting seat 14 are convenient for reducing the friction between the ground or platform and the bottom surface of the lower box body 11 that affects the accuracy of the driving force.

[0061] On this basis, the embedding groove 16 is continuous along a direction perpendicular to the pushing direction of the pusher 4 , which is not only convenient for processing but also convenient for inserting the lower box body 11 .

[0062] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned upper housing 12 may be formed as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 The structure shown. Figure 1 and Figure 2 A hinged base 17 is provided on the top surface of the upper box body 12, and a hinged upper base 18 is provided at the lower end of the telescopic limit rod 13, which is hingedly connected to the hinged base 17. A force meter is provided between the hinged upper base 18 and the hinged base 17. The force meter is electrically connected to the controller 62 for detecting the pressure parameters of the telescopic limit rod 13 on the upper box body 12 and sending the pressure parameters to the controller 62.

[0063] In this embodiment, the telescopic limit rod 13, the hinged base 17, and the hinged upper seat 18 form the force transmission structure at the top of the upper housing 12. The hinged base 17 is connected to the top of the upper housing 12, exerting pressure and shear forces on the upper housing 12. The frame 6 is provided with a track that slidably engages the upper end of the telescopic limit rod 13. The upper end of the telescopic limit rod 13 has an extension 19 that extends outward and engages with a positioning hole 61. When the extension 19 retracts into the telescopic limit rod 13, the upper end of the telescopic limit rod 13 slides along the track. When the extension 19 reaches the desired fixed position, the extension 19 extends from the telescopic limit rod 13 and engages with the corresponding positioning hole 61, fixing the position and angle of the telescopic limit rod 13 and achieving the purpose of adjusting the angle θ between the telescopic limit rod 13 and the vertical direction. When the pusher 4 pushes, the telescopic limit rod 13 exerts shear and pressure forces on the upper housing 12.

[0064] Specifically, the telescopic limit rod 13 can be implemented by a hydraulic cylinder. The fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the hinged base 17 and can swing vertically so that the extended end of the hydraulic cylinder is slidably connected to the bottom of the frame 6. The extended part 19 is connected to the outer end of the hydraulic rod of the hydraulic cylinder. The outer diameter of the extended part 19 is smaller than the outer diameter of the hydraulic rod. It can be clamped in the positioning hole 61 and form pressure and shear force on the upper box body 12 through the hydraulic cylinder.

[0065] See Figure 8 The telescopic limit rod 13 can not only form vertical pressure on the upper box body 12, but also form horizontal shear force on the upper box body 12, which is convenient for simulating various stress states of the rock sample 92. When θ is adjusted to 30° and the axial force on the telescopic limit rod 13 is N, the shear force applied to the upper box body 12 is N·sin θ ＝N / 2 , the pressure is

[0066] When only downward force is required, the telescopic limit rod 13 is set to a vertical state. At this time, the extension portion 19 of the telescopic limit rod 13 is clamped in the positioning hole 61 just above the hinge base 17, which can prevent the telescopic limit rod 13 from generating a horizontal component of force.

[0067] In some possible implementations, the characteristic accommodating cavity is as follows: Figures 3 to 5 The structure shown. Figures 3 to 5A pressing assembly 7 that can elastically push the rock sample 92 is connected to the inner wall of the accommodating chamber. The pressing assembly 7 includes a connecting plate 71, an elastic member 72 and a limiting plate 73. An adjusting rod 74 is provided on one side of the connecting plate 71 and horizontally passes through the side wall of the accommodating chamber and is used to adjust the position of the connecting plate 71; the elastic member 72 is connected to the other side of the connecting plate 71 and extends horizontally to the side away from the connecting plate 71; the limiting plate 73 is connected to the extended end of the elastic member 72 and is used to abut against the side wall of the rock sample 92 to limit the rock sample 92. The outer periphery of the limiting plate 73 is provided with a sealing ring 75 for sealing with the inner wall of the accommodating chamber.

[0068] In this embodiment, a pressure assembly 7 is provided within the accommodating chamber. The pressure assembly 7 can limit the sidewalls of the rock sample 92, facilitating testing of rock samples 92 of varying sizes. The location of the pressure assembly 7 is not limited and can be provided on the inner sidewall of the lower housing 11, the inner sidewall of the upper housing 12, or the inner top wall of the upper housing 12. Alternatively, the pressure assembly 7 can be provided at multiple locations, depending on the rock sample 92.

[0069] Specifically, the limiting plate 73 of the pressing assembly 7 directly contacts the side wall or top wall of the rock sample 92, and the elastic member 72 and the connecting plate 71 provide good elastic support to ensure effective limitation of the position of the rock sample 92 and meet the experimental requirements of rock samples 92 of different specifications.

[0070] The position and angle of the limit plate 73 can be adjusted by adjusting the rod 74. The position adjustment can place and fix rock samples 92 of different sizes; and the angle adjustment makes the experimental device more applicable to rock samples 92 with inclined structural surfaces, which can avoid the tediousness caused by frequent replacement of the shear component 1 and facilitate improving the test efficiency.

[0071] The following describes the pressure assembly 7 on the lower housing 11 as an example. An adjustment rod 74 is connected to the outside of the connecting plate 71. The adjustment rod 74 is threaded onto the side wall of the lower housing 11. The inner end of the adjustment rod 74 is connected to the connecting plate 71, driving the connecting plate 71 for horizontal movement. The adjustment rod 74 rotates around a bolt threaded onto the lower housing 11, pushing the connecting plate 71 with the inner end of the bolt, thereby driving the stop plate 73 to abut against the side wall of the rock sample 92.

[0072] As a parallel embodiment, a spherical hole can also be provided on the connecting plate 71, and the inner end of the adjusting rod 74 is provided with a sphere hingedly connected to the spherical hole, which can achieve the function of limiting the relative position of the connecting plate 71 and the adjusting rod 74, and can improve the integrity of the adjusting rod 74 and the connecting plate 71 and other components, so that the adjusting rod 74 can drive the connecting plate 71 to move toward the side close to the rock sample 92.

[0073] By rotating the adjusting rod 74, the adjusting rod 74 drives the connecting plate 71, the elastic member 72 and the limiting plate 73 to move horizontally toward the side close to the rock sample 92. In order to reliably clamp the side wall of the rock sample 92, two or more adjusting rods 74 can be set at different positions on the plate surface of each connecting plate 71. Specifically, two or four adjusting rods 74 can be set for each connecting plate 71 to ensure effective driving of the connecting plate 71 and effective limitation of the position of the rock sample 92, thereby meeting the use of rock samples 92 of different specifications and different inclined structural surfaces, thereby avoiding the inconvenience caused by replacing the shear box.

[0074] Furthermore, a sealing ring 75 is provided around the periphery of the limiting plate 73 to maintain a good seal and prevent leakage that could affect test accuracy. This also prevents scratches between the periphery of the limiting plate 73 and the inner wall of the chamber, helping to extend the life of the device. Specifically, the sealing ring 75 is an inflatable rubber sleeve that vents its internal air when not in use, facilitating installation and removal of the rock sample 92.

[0075] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned characteristic pressing component 7 can be used as follows Figure 3 and Figure 5 The structure shown. Figure 3 and Figure 5 A group of pressing components 7 are respectively provided on the side walls of the lower box body 11 and the upper box body 12 close to the water outlet pipe 81, and a group of pressing components 7 are also provided on the top wall of the upper box body 12.

[0076] In this embodiment, a pressure assembly 7 is provided on the top wall of the upper housing 12. The position of the pressure assembly 7 can be adjusted according to the height of the rock sample 92, making it suitable for testing rock samples 92 of varying heights. A set of pressure assemblies 7 is provided on each side of the upper housing 12 and lower housing 11, facing away from the water tank 2. These assemblies can abut against and limit the sidewall of the rock sample 92 facing away from the pusher 4, making them suitable for rock samples 92 whose dimensions in this direction are smaller than those of the corresponding accommodating chamber.

[0077] It should be noted that in order to avoid positional interference between the pressing assembly 7 on the top wall of the upper box body 12 and the pressing assembly 7 on the side wall of the upper box body 12, the pressing assembly 7 on the top wall of the upper box body 12 is set to a smaller cross-sectional size, thereby avoiding the pressing assembly 7 on the side wall of the upper box body 12.

[0078] Furthermore, a set of pressing components 7 can be set at the bottom of the lower box body 11. Correspondingly, a cavity for installing the rotating adjustment rod 74 needs to be set on the support seat 14. The cavity is located on the bottom wall of the embedding groove 16, which is convenient for adjustment before the experiment, so that the rock sample 92 is at the same height in the upper box body 12 and the lower box body 11, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0079] For some possible implementations, see Figure 1 、 Figure 2 as well as Figure 6 , a reference seat 3 is further provided on the side of the shearing assembly 1 away from the water tank 2, and a detection assembly 5 is provided on the reference seat 3 to abut against the side wall of the lower box body 11, and the detection assembly 5 includes an extension seat 51, a fixing plate 52, an elastic telescopic member 53, a telescopic plate 54 and a sensing element 55; the extension seat 51 is connected to the reference seat 3 and extends horizontally toward the side close to the lower box body 11, and the extension direction of the extension seat 51 is perpendicular to the corresponding side wall of the lower box body 11; the fixing plate 52 is arranged in the extension seat 51, and The plate surface is arranged perpendicular to the extension direction of the extension seat 51; the elastic telescopic member 53 is connected to the fixed plate 52 and extends horizontally to the side close to the lower box body 11; the telescopic plate 54 is connected to the outward end of the elastic telescopic member 53, and is used to abut against the side wall of the lower box body 11; the sensing element 55 is arranged in the extension seat 51 and adjacent to the fixed plate 52. The sensing element 55 is electrically connected to the controller 62 for monitoring the movement parameters of the fixed plate 52 and sending the movement parameters to the controller 62.

[0080] In this embodiment, a detection assembly 5 is also provided, capable of cooperating with the horizontal displacement meter 42 and dynamometer 41 of the pusher 4 to perform detection, thereby improving the accuracy of the detection parameters. The extension base 51 extends toward the side of the lower housing 11, and a second horizontal displacement meter 42 and a second dynamometer 41 are positioned between the other end and the reference base 3. The second horizontal displacement meter 42 and the second dynamometer 41 are each electrically connected to a controller 62, and can transmit the detected relevant parameters to the controller 62.

[0081] When the lower box 11 is pushed by the pusher 4, it will move horizontally. At this time, the lower box 11 drives the telescopic plate 54 and the elastic telescopic member 53 to move, so that the sensing element 55 senses the compression parameter of the spring and sends the compression parameter to the controller 62. The controller 62 can use a preset program to calculate the shear force and displacement of the rock sample 92 according to the compression of the elastic telescopic member 53 and Hooke's law, and verify the data with the data measured by the horizontal displacement meter 42 and the dynamometer 41 on the pusher 4, thereby improving the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0082] For some possible implementations, see Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 7 The experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of the structural surface also includes a particle collecting cylinder 8 connected to the outer end of the outlet pipe 81, and the particle collecting cylinder 8 is connected to the water storage tank 2 through the return pipe 82; a vertically arranged filter screen 83 is provided in the particle collecting cylinder 8, the outlet pipe 81 is connected to the upper part of one side of the particle collecting cylinder 8, and the return pipe 82 is connected to the lower part of the other side of the particle collecting cylinder 8.

[0083] In this embodiment, the water storage tank 2 and water supply pipe 21 form a fluid supply system for the chamber. The return pipe 82 discharges the fluid from the chamber, simulating different seepage conditions. Furthermore, a particle collection cylinder 8 is provided to filter the water discharged from the chamber before returning it to the water storage tank 2 for reuse via the return pipe 82, reducing energy loss and improving water utilization.

[0084] Specifically, the outlet pipe 81 and the return pipe 82 are respectively located on both sides of the particle collecting cylinder 8. The outlet pipe 81 delivers water to the particle collecting cylinder 8 and is connected to the upper position of the particle collecting cylinder 8. The return pipe 82 delivers the filtered water in the particle collecting cylinder 8 to the water storage tank 2. The return pipe 82 is connected to the lower position of the particle collecting cylinder 8, which improves the flow performance of the water flow and facilitates reducing the energy consumption of the subsequent water pump 85.

[0085] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned water supply pipe 21 can be used as follows Figure 1 and Figure 2 The structure shown. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The water supply pipe 21 is provided with an inlet valve 22, a flow meter 23 and a water pressure sensor 24 located between the inlet valve 22 and the flow meter 23. The inlet valve 22 is arranged close to the water tank 2, the outlet pipe 81 is provided with an outlet valve 84, and the return pipe 82 is provided with a water pump 85.

[0086] In this embodiment, the water supply pipe 21 is connected to the bottom of the water tank 2 and is opened and closed by the water inlet valve 22. The water pressure sensor 24 arranged on the water supply pipe 21 can effectively detect the water pressure, and the flow meter 23 can detect the flow rate, thereby realizing effective control of the water flow.

[0087] Furthermore, the water inlet valve 22 is electrically connected to the controller 62 to receive control instructions from the controller 62 to open and close the valve. The flow meter 23 and water pressure sensor 24 are also electrically connected to the controller 62 to transmit the collected flow and water pressure parameters to the controller 62, allowing the controller 62 to determine whether the flow and water pressure conditions meet the requirements of the seepage state simulation.

[0088] For some possible implementations, see Figure 4 The experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of the structural surface also includes a latex membrane 9 for being sleeved on the outer periphery of the rock sample 92. There are two water supply pipes 21. The two water supply pipes 21 and the water outlet pipe 81 are respectively connected to the interior of the latex membrane 9, and the water supply pipe 21 and the water outlet pipe 81 are respectively located on the two opposite side walls of the latex membrane 9. The other two side walls of the latex membrane 9 are respectively provided with a water pressure measuring instrument 91 for detecting the internal water pressure parameters of the rock sample 92. The water pressure measuring instrument 91 is electrically connected to the controller 62 for sending the water pressure parameters to the controller 62.

[0089] In this embodiment, the latex film 9 is covered on the outer periphery of the rock sample 92 and the outside of the top and bottom surfaces. It can withstand large water pressure without leakage and has good anti-leakage performance, so that the rock sample 92 is in a good sealing state, avoiding the problem of inaccurate test results caused by fluid leakage. At the same time, a water pressure measuring instrument 91 is also set in the latex film 9 to detect the water pressure state of the rock sample 92.

[0090] For details, see Figure 4 Two water supply pipes 21 are provided, each connected to the latex membrane 9 and maintained in communication with the interior of the latex membrane 9. This allows for synchronous water supply to the rock sample 92 within the latex membrane 9, improving water supply efficiency and facilitating the formation of a consistent seepage state within the containment chamber, satisfying the simulation of the environment of the rock sample 92. The latex membrane 9 is unreinforced, possessing high strength and ductility, and can significantly reduce experimental errors caused by friction and other obstacles during the shearing process of the rock sample 92.

[0091] Two water pressure measuring instruments 91 are arranged on the same side wall of the rock sample 92, one of which is close to the water supply pipe 21 and the other is close to the water outlet pipe 81, so as to facilitate the monitoring of the water pressure status at different points of the rock sample 92 and improve the accuracy of monitoring.

[0092] The above-mentioned experimental device for measuring the water-weakening effect of structural surfaces has a simple structure, is easy to assemble and disassemble, easy to operate, and highly practical. It can not only better simulate the natural stress state of fractured rock mass under the action of water-rock coupling, but also is suitable for experiments on rock samples 92 of different specifications, avoiding the inconvenience of replacing the shear component 1. By controlling the pressure and flow of the fluid, the actual seepage state is simulated, thereby improving the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0093] Based on the same inventive concept, the present embodiment further provides an experimental method for measuring the water weakening effect of a structural surface, comprising the following steps:

[0094] S100: preparing several rock samples 92;

[0095] S200: Connect the water storage tank 2 and the upper box body 12 via the water supply pipe 21, connect the lower box body 11 and the particle collection cylinder 8 via the water outlet pipe 81, and connect the particle collection cylinder 8 and the water storage tank 2 via the water return pipe 82;

[0096] S300: Install the lower box 11 above the support base 14, install the upper box 12 above the lower box 11, and connect the frame 6 and the upper box 12 through the telescopic limit rod 13;

[0097] S400: Testing the sealing between the upper box body 12 and the lower box body 11, and testing the connection sealing of the water supply pipe 21, the water outlet pipe 81 and the water return pipe 82;

[0098] S500: Install one of the rock samples 92 into the accommodation cavity, and supply water to the lower box 11 through the water supply pipe 21 to apply a driving force to the lower box 11 to complete the structural surface water weakening effect experiment;

[0099] S600: Repeat the experimental steps S300 to S500 to perform structural surface water weakening effect experiments on other rock samples 92 in sequence;

[0100] S700: experimental data recording and processing;

[0101] S800: After the experiment is completed, the process is closed, the rock sample 92 is unloaded, the water in the water storage tank 2, the water supply pipe 21, the water outlet pipe 81 and the water return pipe 82 is drained, and the shearing assembly 1 and the particle collecting cylinder 8 are cleaned.

[0102] Example 1:

[0103] S100: Prepare rock sample 92 and adjust the angle of its structural surface. The rock sample 92, containing a fractured surface, collected on-site is cut to the dimensions of the upper and lower housings 12, 11, so that it can be secured within the accommodating cavity of the shear assembly 1. After securing the rock sample 92, adjust the levers 74 at different locations on the upper and lower housings 12, 11 to align the structural surface of the rock sample 92 with the contact surface between the upper and lower housings 12, 11.

[0104] As a parallel embodiment, the rock sample 92 can also be made of materials similar to the structural surface of the rock sample 92 (gypsum, cement, iron ore concentrate and quartz sand, etc.) through 3D printing technology.

[0105] To study the morphological weakening characteristics of structural surfaces during shear, a series of rock samples 92 with identical structural surface morphology and mechanical properties should be used for testing. Due to the random nature of the surface morphology of natural rock joints, it is difficult to obtain a series of natural rock joints with identical joint morphology. Therefore, using 3D printing technology and similar rock materials, a series of rock samples 92 with identical surface morphology were produced for testing. The similar rock surface materials consisted of gypsum, cement, iron ore concentrate, and quartz sand.

[0106] S200: Connect the various components. One end of the water supply pipe 21 is connected to the top of the water storage tank 2, and the other end is connected to the upper housing 12. The water supply pipe 21 is equipped with an inlet valve 22, a flow meter 23, and a water pressure sensor 24. One end of the water outlet pipe 81 is connected to the lower housing 11, and the other end is connected to the upper portion of the particle collection barrel 8. The water outlet pipe 81 is equipped with an outlet valve 84. One end of the water return pipe 82 is connected to the lower portion of the particle collection barrel 8, and the other end is connected to the water storage tank 2. A water pump 85 is located in the middle of the water return pipe 82.

[0107] S300: Install the support base 14, with rollers 15 located below. Install the lower box 11 onto the support base 14, with the pusher 4's pusher end connected to the side wall of the lower box 11. Install the upper box 12 above the lower box 11, connecting the frame 6 and the upper box 12 via the telescopic limit rod 13, which provides pressure and shear force for the upper box 12.

[0108] Assemble the detection component 5 onto the reference base 3, install the reference base 3 to place the shear component 1 on the side away from the pusher 4, and electrically connect the controller 62 with the force meter, water inlet valve 22, flow meter 23, water pressure sensor 24, force gauge 41, horizontal displacement meter 42, sensing element 55, water outlet valve 84 and water pump 85 and other components.

[0109] S400: Test the sealing performance of the entire device. Fill the water tank 2 with water, check that the joints are tightly secured, adjust the osmotic pressure and flow rate regulator to the preset value, and use the controller 62 to control the opening of the water inlet valve 22 and the water outlet valve 84. Observe the entire experimental device for leaks. If not, tighten or replace components to ensure that the sealing performance is satisfactory.

[0110] S500: Conduct an experiment on the water-weakening effect of a structural surface using water pressure control or flow control. Install one rock sample 92 into the chamber and shear it using a pusher 4 at a shear rate of 1.0 mm / min-1.5 mm / min, causing it to shear within 3-5 minutes. During this process, if the reading of the dynamometer 41 reaches a certain stable value or significantly decreases, it indicates that the rock sample 92 has sheared.

[0111] S600, repeat the operations of experimental steps S300 to S500, and conduct experiments on the structural surface water weakening effect on all prepared rock masses one by one.

[0112] S700, experimental data recording and processing: When the force gauge 41, the horizontal displacement meter 42, the force transmitter and the sensing element 55 reach a certain stable value, or reach a certain peak value and then show a downward trend, the structural surface is damaged.

[0113] For the lower housing 11, the tangential force Q1 and normal force P1 measured by the dynamometer 41 are collected. For the upper housing 12, the axial force N and angle θ measured by the dynamometer are collected, and the tangential force Nx and normal force Ny are calculated. At the structural surface, the seepage force Pw is collected at this time. The corresponding normal stress σ and tangential stress τ are calculated according to the following equations (1) and (2).

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] After measuring multiple sets of normal stress σ and tangential stress τ, they are substituted into equations (3) and (4) and the shear strength parameters f and c are fitted using the Mohr circle theory:

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] The controller 62 is pre-installed with the above calculation program, which can automatically complete the measurement of multiple sets of data under different seepage forces P, perform fitting calculations, and save the corresponding shear strength parameters f and c values.

[0120] S800: After the experiment is completed, the pusher 4 is turned off, the rock sample 92 is unloaded, the water in the water tank 2, the water supply pipe 21, the water outlet pipe 81 and the return pipe 82 is drained, the shearing assembly 1 and the particle collection cylinder 8 are cleaned, and all experimental tools are sorted out for next use.

[0121] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of structural surface is characterized by: include: The shearing assembly comprises a lower box body and an upper box body located above the lower box body, wherein the openings of the upper box body and the lower box body are arranged opposite to each other and can enclose an accommodating cavity for accommodating the rock sample; A water storage tank is connected to one side of the upper box body through a water supply pipe and is used to supply water to the accommodating cavity. A water outlet pipe is provided on the other side of the lower box body; A pusher connected to a side of the lower box body provided with a water tank, for applying a horizontal thrust to the lower box body, the pusher being provided with a dynamometer for monitoring the thrust parameters of the pusher and a horizontal displacement meter for monitoring the displacement parameters of the lower box body; a controller, electrically connected to the dynamometer and the horizontal displacement meter, respectively, and configured to receive the thrust parameter and the displacement parameter; The frame is arranged above the upper box body and is connected to the upper box body via a telescopic limiting rod; Among them, the lower end of the telescopic limit rod is hingedly connected to the upper box body, and the upper end is slidably connected to the frame along the pushing direction of the pusher. The frame is provided with a plurality of positioning holes arranged at intervals along the sliding direction of the telescopic limit rod. The upper end of the telescopic limit rod can extend outward and be clamped in one of the positioning holes to change the force application angle of the telescopic limit rod on the upper box body.

2. The experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of a structural surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a supporting seat supported at the bottom of the lower box body, a roller is rotatably connected to the bottom of the supporting seat, and the supporting seat is provided with an embedding groove with an upward opening for the bottom of the lower box body to be embedded, and the embedding groove is horizontally penetrated, and the penetration direction is perpendicular to the pushing direction of the pusher.

3. The experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of a structural surface according to claim 2, characterized in that: An articulated base is provided on the top surface of the upper box body, and an articulated upper seat is provided at the lower end of the telescopic limit rod, which is hingedly connected to the articulated base. A force meter is provided between the articulated upper seat and the articulated base, and the force meter is electrically connected to the controller for detecting the pressure parameters of the telescopic limit rod on the upper box body and sending the pressure parameters to the controller.

4. The experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of a structural surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressing component capable of elastically pushing the rock sample is connected to the inner wall of the accommodating cavity, and the pressing component includes: A connecting plate, one side of which is provided with an adjusting rod which is arranged horizontally through the side wall of the accommodating cavity and is used to adjust the position of the connecting plate; an elastic member connected to the other side surface of the connecting plate and extending horizontally toward a side away from the connecting plate; A limiting plate is connected to the extended end of the elastic member and is used to abut against the side wall of the rock sample to limit the rock sample. A sealing ring is provided on the outer periphery of the limiting plate for sealing with the inner wall of the accommodating cavity.

5. The experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of a structural surface according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressing components are respectively provided with a group on the side walls of the lower box body and the upper box body close to the water outlet pipe, and a group of pressing components is also provided on the top wall of the upper box body.

6. The experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of a structural surface according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The shearing assembly is further provided with a reference seat on a side away from the water tank, and the reference seat is provided with a detection assembly that abuts against the side wall of the lower box body, and the detection assembly includes: An extension seat is connected to the base seat and extends horizontally toward a side close to the lower box body, wherein the extension direction of the extension seat is perpendicular to the corresponding side wall of the lower box body; A fixing plate is disposed in the extension seat, and a plate surface is disposed perpendicular to an extension direction of the extension seat; an elastic telescopic member connected to the fixing plate and extending horizontally toward a side close to the lower box body; a telescopic plate connected to the outwardly extending end of the elastic telescopic member and configured to abut against the side wall of the lower box body; A sensing element is disposed in the extension seat and adjacent to the fixed plate. The sensing element is electrically connected to the controller and is used to monitor a movement parameter of the fixed plate and send the movement parameter to the controller.

7. The experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of a structural surface according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of the structural surface also includes a particle collecting tube connected to the outer end of the outlet pipe, and the particle collecting tube is connected to the water storage tank through a return pipe; a vertically arranged filter screen is provided in the particle collecting tube, the outlet pipe is connected to the upper part of one side of the particle collecting tube, and the return pipe is connected to the lower part of the other side of the particle collecting tube.

8. The experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of a structural surface according to claim 7, characterized in that: The water supply pipe is provided with a water inlet valve, a flow meter and a water pressure sensor located between the water inlet valve and the flow meter. The water inlet valve is arranged close to the water storage tank. The water outlet pipe is provided with a water outlet valve. The return pipe is provided with a water pump.

9. The experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of a structural surface according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The experimental device for measuring the water weakening effect of the structural surface also includes a latex membrane for being sleeved on the periphery of the rock sample. There are two water supply pipes, and the two water supply pipes and the water outlet pipe are respectively connected to the interior of the latex membrane, and the water supply pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively located on the two opposite side walls of the latex membrane. The other two side walls of the latex membrane are respectively provided with water pressure measuring instruments for detecting the internal water pressure parameters of the rock sample. The water pressure measuring instruments are electrically connected to the controller for sending the water pressure parameters to the controller.

10. The experimental method of the experimental device for measuring water weakening effect of structural surface according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S100: Prepare several rock samples; S200: Connecting the water storage tank and the lower box body with a water supply pipe, connecting the lower box body and the particle collection cylinder with a water outlet pipe, and connecting the particle collection cylinder and the water storage tank with a water return pipe; S300: Install the lower box body above the supporting base, install the upper box body above the lower box body, and connect the frame and the upper box body through the telescopic limit rod; S400: Testing the sealing between the upper box and the lower box, and testing the connection sealing of the water supply pipe, the water outlet pipe, and the water return pipe; S500: installing one of the rock samples into the accommodation cavity, and supplying water into the lower box through the water supply pipe to apply a driving force to the lower box, thereby completing the structural surface water weakening effect experiment; S600: Repeat the experimental step S500 to sequentially perform structural surface water weakening effect experiments on the other rock samples; S700: experimental data recording and processing; S800: After the experiment is completed, the process is closed, the rock sample is unloaded, the water in the water storage tank, the water supply pipe, the water outlet pipe and the water return pipe is drained, and the upper box body, the lower box body and the particle collection cylinder are cleaned.

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