Transplanting methods and devices to improve the seedling survival rate of rapeseed mat-shaped seedlings through mechanical transplanting

Abstract

The present invention discloses a transplanting method and device for improving the seedling success rate of mechanical transplanting of rapeseed blanket seedlings, wherein the method includes: the seedling claws of the transplanting mechanism take seedlings from the blanket seedlings and transfer the taken seedlings to the planting gap; before the seedlings taken by the transplanting mechanism arrive at the transplanting position, or when the seedlings taken by the transplanting mechanism arrive at the transplanting position, the fertilizer water device applies fertilizer water to the transplanting position; the fertilizer water contains urea and borax. The device includes a seedling rack, a transplanting mechanism and a fertilizer water device, the fertilizer water device includes a fertilizer water tank, an intermittent switch and a drainage pipe; the transplanting mechanism includes a rotating seat and a seedling claw installed on the rotating seat; the drainage pipe is connected to the fertilizer water tank, and the intermittent switch is arranged between the fertilizer water tank and the drainage pipe; the intermittent switch has a starting component located on the running path of the seedling claw, and the seedling claw can act on the starting component to enable the fertilizer water in the fertilizer water tank to pass through the intermittent switch.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant transplanting, in particular to a transplanting method and a device for improving the seedling rate of mechanical transplanting of rapeseed blanket seedlings. Background Art

[0002] Rapeseed is the largest oil crop in my country, with the largest planting area and total output in the world. The annual output of rapeseed oil is about 5.2 million tons, accounting for nearly 50% of the domestic vegetable oil output. The production of high-protein feed meal is about 8 million tons, which is the second largest feed protein source in my country. Rapeseed production is of great significance in ensuring the security of national edible oil supply and safeguarding people's lives and health.

[0003] The applicant's prior patent applications CN210900260U, CN115119554A, CN115119555A and other patents disclose a machine for mechanically transplanting rapeseed blanket seedlings through a transplanting mechanism similar to a transplanting mechanism. This technology adopts the "space for time" approach, transforming traditional field seedling cultivation into standardized blanket seedlings, breaking through the restriction that the traditional trenching or hole-digging transplanting method must rely on loose soil fluidity to establish seedlings, and innovating a new transplanting principle for rapeseed blanket seedlings: "cutting and taking seedlings - leveling the ridge and cutting seams - planting in the seams". Rapeseed blanket seedlings with a height of about 8-12 cm have been successfully cultivated. Through mechanical cutting and planting, they can adapt to the transplanting of sandy soil, loam, clay, and especially heavy clay soil in rice stubble fields. However, in the actual transplanting process, there are still problems such as low survival rate and long seedling acclimatization period, especially when the soil moisture content is low, the survival rate is even lower.

[0004] In the prior art, patent CN207340498U provides a hanging cup transplanter for water and fertilizer irrigation, which discloses that an irrigation nozzle is arranged in front of the head of the furrow opener to humidify the planting position so that the land reclaimed by the furrow opener can reach the ideal depth, so that the seedlings can take root deeply and absorb nutrients. A fertilizer tank is installed above the soil cover. The seedling sensor can control the fertilizer output of the fertilizer tank after sensing the planting of the seedlings, and complete the fertilization of the seedlings during the soil cultivation process, so that the seedlings can absorb enough nutrients and improve the survival rate of the seedlings. This method requires re-determining the position of the seedlings after the seedlings are planted in the soil, so it is necessary to use a sensor, which increases the cost and makes the control complicated. In addition, during the fertilization process, the planted seedlings will inevitably affect the fertilization.

[0005] Patent CN105766173A discloses a tobacco seedling transplanter and a method for using the device for applying rooting water in a quantitative and directional manner. In this method, the tobacco seedlings can be thrown into the soil by stepping on a pedal, and the tobacco seedlings can be watered by releasing the pedal, thereby conveniently applying rooting water to the tobacco seedlings after transplanting. This method relies on the structural design of the tobacco seedling transplanter and cannot be used for applying rooting water to a planting mechanism similar to a rice transplanting mechanism in the present invention. Moreover, this patent is only applicable to the transplanting of small plants such as tobacco seedlings, and cannot be applied to taller plants such as rapeseed seedlings. Summary of the invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a transplanting method and device that is applicable to the transplanting mechanism of the prior application and has a reasonable timing for applying fertilizer and water to improve the seedling rate of mechanical transplanting of rapeseed blanket seedlings.

[0007] Technical solution: To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the transplanting method of the present invention for improving the seedling success rate of rapeseed blanket seedlings mechanically transplanted comprises:

[0008] The seedling claws of the transplanting mechanism take the seedlings from the blanket seedlings and transfer the taken seedlings to the planting gap;

[0009] The method further comprises:

[0010] Before the seedlings taken by the transplanting mechanism arrive at the transplanting position, or when the seedlings taken by the transplanting mechanism arrive at the transplanting position, the fertilization water device applies fertilizer water to the transplanting position; after the taken seedlings are planted at the transplanting position and the seedlings are separated from the transplanting mechanism, the fertilization water device no longer applies fertilizer water to the transplanting position.

[0011] The fertilizer water contains urea and borax.

[0012] Furthermore, the concentration of urea in the fertilizer water is 5-10%, and the concentration of borax is 3%.

[0013] Furthermore, during implementation, the amount of fertilizer water applied to each hole of transplanted rapeseed is controlled according to the soil moisture content. Specifically, when the soil moisture content is greater than 15%, the amount of fertilizer water applied to each hole is 50 ml; when it is less than 15%, the amount of fertilizer water applied to each hole is 100 ml.

[0014] Furthermore, the planting gap has a width of 20 mm and a depth of 20 mm.

[0015] A transplanting device for improving the seedling success rate of mechanical transplanting of rapeseed blanket seedlings, comprising a seedling rack, a transplanting mechanism and a fertilizer water device, wherein the fertilizer water device comprises a fertilizer water tank, an intermittent switch and a drainage pipe; the transplanting mechanism comprises a rotating seat and a seedling claw installed on the rotating seat; the drainage pipe is connected to the fertilizer water tank, and the intermittent switch is arranged between the fertilizer water tank and the drainage pipe;

[0016] The intermittent switch has a starting component located on the running path of the seedling claw, and the seedling claw can act on the starting component to enable the fertilizer water in the fertilizer water tank to pass through the intermittent switch. Specifically, the seedling claw acts on the starting component before or at the same time as the seedlings are sent to the planting position, so that the intermittent switch is opened and the fertilizer water is applied to the transplanting position.

[0017] Furthermore, the intermittent switch comprises a switch seat body, and a main channel is formed in the switch seat body;

[0018] The starting component is a core body slidably mounted relative to the switch seat body, and a release hole is formed on the core body; a spring is arranged between the core body and the switch seat body;

[0019] When the intermittent switch is in a closed state, the release hole is staggered with the main channel, and the core has a portion exposed from the switch seat; when the intermittent switch is in an open state, the release hole is connected with the main channel. When the transplanting mechanism does not act on the starting component, the intermittent switch is in a closed state.

[0020] Furthermore, the intermittent switch further comprises a long strip-shaped transition pressing piece; when the intermittent switch is in a closed state, the transition pressing piece is in an inclined state, and the end of the core body is located inside the transition pressing piece. When the transition pressing piece is in an inclined state, one end of the transition pressing piece is close to the switch seat body, and this end is called the first end, and the other end of the transition pressing piece is far away from the switch seat body, and this end is called the second end.

[0021] After the seedling claw takes the seedling, it first passes through the first end of the transition pressing plate, and then contacts and squeezes the transition pressing plate, so that the second end of the transition pressing plate is close to the switch seat body. In this way, the transition pressing plate can act on the core body, press the exposed part of the core body inward, so that the release hole is connected with the main channel, and the fertilizer water in the fertilizer water tank can pass through the intermittent switch and flow out from the drain pipe. The outflowing fertilizer water flows to the transplanting position. After the seedling claw is completely separated from the second end of the transition pressing plate, the core body is reset under the action of the spring, and the release hole and the main channel are staggered again to stop supplying fertilizer water to the transplanting position; then the seedling claw plants the seedling to the transplanting position.

[0022] In the above process, fertilizer and water and seedlings arrive at the transplanting position successively, and the interval between them is very short. Specifically, when the end of the seedling claw is 5 cm away from the soil, the seedling claw contacts the transition pressing sheet. In addition, fertilizer and water and seedlings can also arrive at the transplanting position synchronously. By setting the above transition pressing sheet, on the one hand, the inclination of the above transition pressing sheet is small, and the seedling claw can smoothly press the exposed part of the core body inward, and the exposed part of the core body can be set longer; on the other hand, the length of the transition pressing sheet can be adjusted to adjust the time when the transition pressing sheet acts on the core body, so that the opening time of the intermittent switch can be controlled, that is, the amount of water applied to each transplanting position can be adjusted.

[0023] Furthermore, the transition pressing sheet is elastic.

[0024] Furthermore, the position of the transition pressing piece relative to the switch seat body can be adjusted, and / or the displacement of the core body relative to the switch seat body can be changed. Specifically, in the first scheme, the amount of water applied can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the effective part of the transition pressing piece, such as the first end of the transition pressing piece is fixed relative to the switch seat body by a screw (the transition pressing piece is not necessarily directly installed on the switch seat body), the transition pressing piece has a strip hole, the screw passes through the strip hole and fixes the transition pressing piece, and by adjusting the position of the transition pressing piece along the strip hole, the position of the second end of the transition pressing piece can be changed, that is, the time when the seedling claw is separated from the second end of the transition pressing piece can be changed, that is, the pressing time of the core body can be changed, so that the amount of water applied can be adjusted. The second solution is to change the displacement of the core body relative to the switch seat body by adjusting the position of the switch seat body, that is, to change the relative position of the release hole and the main channel when the core body is retracted to the deepest position. When the release hole is connected to the main channel and the two are not completely aligned, the water flow through the switch seat body can be changed. In this way, the amount of water passing through the switch seat body in the same time is reduced, so the amount of water applied can be adjusted.

[0025] Furthermore, the transplanting mechanism is provided with a slotting wheel and a soil covering device at the front and rear, respectively. The slotting wheel is used to cut a transplanting slot in the soil, and the soil covering device is used to cover the transplanting slot with soil, so as to cover the rapeseed roots with soil after the transplanting mechanism plants the seedlings. In addition, the transplanting device also includes a traction device, which is used to provide forward power.

[0026] Beneficial effects: The transplanting method and device of the present invention for improving the success rate of mechanical transplanting of rapeseed blanket seedlings, because the operation of applying fertilizer and water is only performed before or during the seedling planting, the operation of applying fertilizer and water is performed intermittently, which can greatly reduce the amount of fertilizer and water used compared to the method of applying fertilizer and water continuously and uninterruptedly, and fertilizer and water are only used in necessary places. Compared with the method of applying fertilizer and water after planting, the timing of applying fertilizer and water in the scheme of the present invention is more reasonable, and fertilizer and water are easier to apply accurately to the transplanting position, and there is no need to set up additional sensors and other facilities to determine the position of the roots of the plants, which is lower in cost. By applying a certain amount of fertilizer and water at the roots of each transplanted rapeseed hole, the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings can be improved, and the urea and borax components in the fertilizer and water can reduce the slow greening time of the transplanted rapeseed and promote early growth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a side structural diagram of the transplanting device;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The local enlarged structure diagram in ;

[0029] Figure 3It is a rear view structural diagram of the seedling clamp, transplanting mechanism, and fertilizer water device in the transplanting device;

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The local enlarged structure diagram in ;

[0031] Figure 5 This is the state diagram when the intermittent switch is in the open state;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a side view of the intermittent switch (wherein the transition pressing piece is not shown);

[0033] Figure 7 This is the state diagram when the intermittent switch is in the closed state.

[0034] In the figure: 1-seedling rack; 2-transplanting mechanism; 21-rotating seat; 22-seedling claw; 3-fertilizer and water tank; 4-intermittent switch; 41-starting component; 41a-release hole; 42-switch seat body; 42a-main channel; 43-spring; 44-transition pressing plate; 5-drainage pipe; 6-slit wheel; 7-soil covering device; 8-traction equipment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] The transplanting method of the present invention for improving the seedling success rate of mechanical transplanting of rapeseed blanket seedlings is based on the following Figure 1 The transplanting device shown includes a seedling rack 1, a transplanting mechanism 2 and a fertilizer water device, and the fertilizer water device includes a fertilizer water tank 3, an intermittent switch 4 and a drainage pipe 5.

[0037] Blanket seedlings are placed on the seedling rack 1, such as Figure 2 As shown, the transplanting mechanism 2 includes a rotating seat 21 and a seedling claw 22 installed on the rotating seat 21. A linkage relationship is established between the rotating seat 21 and the seedling claw 22 through a non-circular gear set, so that when the rotating seat 21 rotates, the seedling claw 22 can be synchronously rotated relative to the rotating seat 21, so that the seedling claw 22 can move along a regular running path, which is a trajectory with the seedling rack 1 as a reference. The specific structure of the transplanting mechanism 2 can refer to the applicant's prior patent and is not introduced here; the drain pipe 5 is connected to the fertilizer and water tank 3, and the intermittent switch 4 is arranged between the fertilizer and water tank 3 and the drain pipe 5.

[0038] The front and rear of the transplanting mechanism 2 are respectively provided with a slotting wheel 6 and a soil covering device 7. The slotting wheel 6 is used to cut a transplanting slot in the soil, and the soil covering device 7 is used to cover the transplanting slot with soil, so as to cover the rapeseed roots with soil after the transplanting mechanism 2 plants the seedlings. In addition, the transplanting device also includes a traction device 8, which is used to provide forward power.

[0039] The method comprises: the seedling claw 21 of the transplanting mechanism 2 takes the seedlings from the blanket seedlings and transfers the taken seedlings to the planting gap; before the seedlings taken by the transplanting mechanism 2 arrive at the transplanting position, or when the seedlings taken by the transplanting mechanism 2 arrive at the transplanting position, the fertilizing water device applies fertilizer water to the transplanting position; after the taken seedlings are planted at the transplanting position and the seedlings are separated from the transplanting mechanism 2, the fertilizing water device no longer applies fertilizer water to the transplanting position. The fertilizer water contains urea and borax. Specifically, the concentration of urea in the fertilizer water is 5-10%, and the concentration of borax is 3%.

[0040] In the above process, since the operation of applying fertilizer and water is only performed before or during the seedling planting process, the operation of applying fertilizer and water is performed intermittently. Compared with the method of applying fertilizer and water continuously, the amount of fertilizer and water can be greatly reduced, and fertilizer and water are only used where necessary. Compared with the method of applying fertilizer and water after planting, the timing of applying fertilizer and water in the scheme of the present invention is more reasonable, and fertilizer and water are more easily and accurately applied to the transplanting position, and there is no need to set up additional sensors and other facilities to determine the position of the plant roots, which is lower in cost.

[0041] By applying a certain amount of fertilizer and water at the roots of each rapeseed hole, the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings can be increased. The urea and borax components in the fertilizer and water can reduce the greening time of the transplanted rapeseed and promote early growth.

[0042] During implementation, the amount of fertilizer water applied to each hole of transplanted rapeseed is controlled according to the soil moisture content. Specifically, when the soil moisture content is greater than 15%, the amount of fertilizer water applied to each hole is 50 ml; when it is less than 15%, the amount of fertilizer water applied to each hole is 100 ml.

[0043] Preferably, the planting gap has a width of 20 mm and a depth of 20 mm.

[0044] In order to achieve the above process, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the intermittent switch 4 has a starting component 41 located on the running path of the seedling claw 22, and the seedling claw 22 can act on the starting component 41 to enable the fertilizer water in the fertilizer water tank 3 to pass through the intermittent switch 4. Specifically, the seedling claw 22 acts on the starting component 41 before or at the same time as the seedlings are sent to the planting position, so that the intermittent switch 4 is opened and the fertilizer water is applied to the transplanting position.

[0045] Specifically, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the intermittent switch 4 includes a switch seat 42, and a main channel 42a is formed in the switch seat 42; the starting component 41 is a core body slidably mounted relative to the switch seat 41, and a release hole 41a is formed on the core body; a spring 43 is arranged between the core body and the switch seat 42; Figure 5As shown, when the intermittent switch 4 is in a closed state, the release hole 41a is staggered with the main channel 42a, and the core has a portion exposed from the switch seat 42; Figure 7 As shown, when the intermittent switch 4 is in an open state, the release hole 41a is connected to the main channel 42a. When the transplanting mechanism 2 does not act on the starting component 41, the intermittent switch 4 is in a closed state.

[0046] Preferably, the intermittent switch 4 further includes a long strip-shaped transition pressing piece 44; when the intermittent switch 4 is in a closed state, the transition pressing piece 44 is in an inclined state, and the end of the core is located inside the transition pressing piece 44. When the transition pressing piece 44 is in an inclined state, one end of the transition pressing piece 44 is close to the switch seat 42, and this end is called the first end, and the other end of the transition pressing piece 44 is far away from the switch seat 42, and this end is called the second end.

[0047] After the seedling claw 22 takes the seedling, it first passes through the first end of the transition pressing sheet 44, and then contacts and squeezes the transition pressing sheet 44, so that the second end of the transition pressing sheet 44 approaches the switch seat 42. In this way, the transition pressing sheet 44 can act on the core body, press the exposed part of the core body inward, so that the release hole 41a is connected with the main channel 42a, and the fertilizer water in the fertilizer water tank 3 can pass through the intermittent switch 4 and flow out from the drain pipe 5, and the outflowing fertilizer water flows to the transplanting position. After the seedling claw 22 is completely separated from the second end of the transition pressing sheet 44, the core body is reset under the action of the spring 43, and the release hole 41a and the main channel 42a are staggered again to stop supplying fertilizer water to the transplanting position; then the seedling claw 22 plants the seedling to the transplanting position.

[0048] In the above process, fertilizer and water and seedlings arrive at the transplanting position successively, and the interval between them is very short. Specifically, when the end of the seedling claw 22 is 5 cm away from the soil, the seedling claw 22 contacts the transition pressing piece 44. In addition, fertilizer and water and seedlings can also arrive at the transplanting position synchronously. By setting the above transition pressing piece 44, on the one hand, the transition pressing piece 44 has a small slope, and the seedling claw 22 can smoothly press the exposed part of the core body inward, and the exposed part of the core body can be set longer; on the other hand, the length of the transition pressing piece 44 can be adjusted to adjust the time when the transition pressing piece 44 acts on the core body, so that the opening time of the intermittent switch 4 can be controlled, that is, the amount of water applied to each transplanting position can be adjusted.

[0049] Preferably, the transition pressing sheet 44 is elastic.

[0050] In the first solution, the amount of water applied can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the effective part of the transition pressing sheet 44. For example, the first end of the transition pressing sheet 44 is fixed relative to the switch seat body 42 by a screw (the transition pressing sheet 44 is not necessarily directly installed on the switch seat body 42), and the transition pressing sheet 44 has a strip hole. The screw passes through the strip hole and fixes the transition pressing sheet 44. By adjusting the position of the transition pressing sheet 44 along the strip hole, the position of the second end of the transition pressing sheet 44 can be changed, that is, the time when the seedling claw 22 is separated from the second end of the transition pressing sheet 44 is changed, that is, the pressing time on the core body is changed, so that the amount of water applied can be adjusted.

[0051] The second solution is to change the displacement of the core body relative to the switch seat body 42 by adjusting the position of the switch seat body 42, that is, to change the relative position of the release hole 41a and the main channel 42a when the core body is retracted to the deepest position. When the release hole 41a is connected to the main channel 42a and the two are not completely aligned, the water flow through the switch seat body 42 can be changed. In this way, the amount of water passing through the switch seat body 42 at the same time is reduced, so that the amount of water applied can be adjusted.

[0052] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transplanting device for improving the seedling success rate of rapeseed blanket seedlings by mechanical transplanting, comprising a seedling rack (1), a transplanting mechanism (2) and a fertilizer water device, wherein the fertilizer water device comprises a fertilizer water tank (3), an intermittent switch (4) and a drainage pipe (5); the transplanting mechanism (2) comprises a rotating seat (21) and a seedling claw (22) mounted on the rotating seat (21); the drainage pipe (5) is connected to the fertilizer water tank (3), and the intermittent switch (4) is arranged between the fertilizer water tank (3) and the drainage pipe (5); the characteristics are: The intermittent switch (4) has a starting component (41) located on the running path of the seedling claw (22), and the seedling claw (22) can act on the starting component (41) to enable the fertilizer water in the fertilizer water tank (3) to pass through the intermittent switch (4); The intermittent switch (4) comprises a switch seat (42), and a main channel (42a) is formed in the switch seat (42); The starting component (41) is a core body slidably mounted relative to the switch seat body (41), and a release hole (41a) is formed on the core body; a spring (43) is arranged between the core body and the switch seat body (42); When the intermittent switch (4) is in a closed state, the release hole (41a) is staggered from the main channel (42a), and the core has a portion exposed from the switch seat (42); when the intermittent switch (4) is in an open state, the release hole (41a) is in communication with the main channel (42a).

2. The transplanting device for improving the mechanical transplanting success rate of rapeseed blanket seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intermittent switch (4) further comprises a long strip-shaped transition pressing piece (44); when the intermittent switch (4) is in a closed state, the transition pressing piece (44) is in an inclined state, and the end of the core body is located on the inner side of the transition pressing piece (44).

3. The transplanting device for improving the mechanical transplanting success rate of rapeseed blanket seedlings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transition pressing sheet (44) is elastic.

4. The transplanting device for improving the seedling success rate of rapeseed blanket seedlings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The position of the transition pressing piece (44) relative to the switch seat body (42) can be adjusted, and / or the telescopic displacement of the core body relative to the switch seat body (42) can be changed.

5. The transplanting device for improving the mechanical transplanting success rate of rapeseed blanket seedlings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transplanting mechanism (2) is provided with slotting wheels (6) and a soil covering device (7) at the front and rear, respectively.

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